Video Credit: Sandvik Coromant
What is CNC Machining?
CNC stands for computer numerical control. So, CNC machining is any kind of machining process controlled by a computer. Computerized automation allows parts to be made more quickly, accurately, precisely, and with more complex geometries than those produced via manual machining. CNC also reduces manual machining labor that would otherwise be done by humans. While they aren’t machining each part themselves, people are essential for programming and operating the machines, ensuring that every operation goes smoothly.
About the CNC Machining Process
CNC, or computer numerical control machining, is a subtractive manufacturing method that leverages a combination of computerized controls and machine tools to remove layers from a solid block of material. The desired cuts in the metal are programmed according to corresponding tools and machinery, which perform the machining task in an automated fashion.
Types of CNC Machining
Depending on the type of part that needs to be machined, there are different types of CNC machines best fit for the job. CNC milling utilizes CNC mills, which consist of a multi-axis system (three, four, or five axes, depending on the part complexity). CNC turning involves Lathe machines, which generally have two axes and cut pieces using a circular motion. Electric discharge machines (EDM) utilize electrical sparks into order to mold work pieces into the desired shape. Hobbing is another type of machining process used for cutting gears, splines, and sprockets. Additional CNC machine types include plasma cutters and water jet cutters.
How Does CNC Machining Work?
The programs used for CNC machining these days are written with G-code, and are usually automatically created by CAM software. CAM, or computer aided manufacturing software, generates the G-code for a 3D model with given tools and workpiece material. This G-code controls the CNC machines, i.e., the motion of the tool, the workpiece, and any tool changes. It even has commands to turn on or off the coolant and other auxiliary components.
CNC machining can be used for a wide variety of materials, with the most common being aluminum, steel, brass, ABS, Delrin, and nylon. But really, almost any hard material can be CNC machined. We’ll discuss the materials more in-depth later on.
CNC vs 3D Printing
Compared with parts manufacturing through additive methods, CNC machined parts are functionally stronger and typically have superior production quality and finish. Thus, CNC machining is typically used in the mid to late stages of development when parts are ready to be tested for functional accuracy.
CNC Design Considerations
While most of the details, such as tooling, spindle speed, cutter type, and depth of cut, and taken care of at the machine shop, there are some key things you can do while designing your parts to not only make sure they can be made but also ensure you develop a lean product that doesn't break the bank.
The primary advantages of CNC machining include rapid prototyping and the ability to produce full-scale production parts quickly. It offers a high level of precision and accuracy in manufacturing parts and allows for tight tolerance machining for CNC parts of all sizes. It also offers maximum flexibility across volume, pricing, lead times, and the range of materials and finishes being used.
The two primary CNC machining processes are CNC turning and CNC milling. Other machining processes include drilling, gear hobbing and electrical discharge machining, among others.
Industries that use CNC machining include aerospace, automotive parts manufacturing, medical machine manufacturing, transportation, defense, and marine industries, along with oil and gas industries and electronics. CNC machining has allowed these industries to become more efficient at mass-producing custom CNC parts.
The standard machining tolerance is ± 0.005" or 0.13mm. Tolerances are the allowable range for a dimension. If a CNC machining tool has a tolerance of ± 0.01 mm this means that the machining tool can have a deviation of 0.01 mm in every cut. With a drawing, Fictiv's CNC machining service can produce CNC parts with tolerance as low as ± 0.0002 in. Without a drawing, all CNC parts are produced to our ISO 2768 medium standard. We can also machine to tighter tolerances, ±0.025mm or ±0.001", with an attached engineering drawing calling out critical features.
#cnc #machining #lathe
I love that you can see how quickly the tip gets burnt in just this one cut. Interrupted cuts and hard materials are bad enough by themselves let alone together XD
Is the tip burnt or is it just residue from the material being cut?
@@soundspark100% residue. That's a carbide insert, it likely is just as sharp as when it started the cut.
Lack of coolant so the video looks cool also plays a big role, and the carbide should still be fine I've seen a lot worse do alot more
@@TowerCrisis That's not carbide tooling. That's a CBN(Cubic Boron Nitride) insert. Carbide wouldn't make it through a single interrupted cut like this in hardened material.
@@TowerCrisis not carbide either ceramic or boron nitride
I hate hard turning. It's never as simple, reliable, and care free as these videos make it.
I feel you man😂
@@edgarf2091 I've spent the last 3 weeks doing reworks on form tools for one of my customers. I'm ready to pull my hair out
Use the right CBN and you won’t have those problems. Sumitomo is the only way.
@@Pro_Shoot_Oh yep, that's what we use. I just want to put this out there. Your comment tells anyone with experience and skill that you don't really know anything. If you don't have details specific to the process and your solution is "your doin' it wrong" you look like a fool
@@jeepmanxj wel yelling youre doing it wrong on the internet is so easy. I even had tool representatives say that to us in the shop. So we told him show us then how its done. So he got his demo guy out, and the guy INSTANTLY destroyed their tool. Guess he did it wrong as wel. Or maybe it was just not as easy as it looked?
Interrupted cut in hardend steel. U can see the heat buildup even w the ceramic insert. I'd imagine you would only get maybe 6 cuts per face of the insert. But that's what you get chewing thru hardend steel.
Its not a ceramic insert
@@frejdroid CBN?
Thats not ceramic thats cubic boron nitride
Who knows, with proper cooling it'd last longer
😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊
The magic of slow motion
nsfw
These machining videos are oddly satisfying to watch.
Recently worked on copper nickel parts. Man they were unbelievably difficult to complete
pure copper is not fun either not too hard on tools but it doesnt cut as much as just moves out of the way
I could never get copper nickel chips to break. It's always one huge wad of razor wire wrapped around everything.
Phosphor bronze is similarly a pain in the arse to work with, for similar reasons
Copper nickel is easy the place I work has a foundry and a machine shop and I work with a lot of different materials with the castings weighing anywhere from 500-4000 pounds if not more with a ac6040m insert you can take a half inch on the tool cut on copper nickel with no problem and typically if you use a sharper insert with a negative chip breaker you get small sliver like chip with copper nickel…on the list of materials that sucks starts with copper and then probably aluminum and then depending on the day stainless steel oh and harder brasses can suck too but not because they are hard to run but because they can be loud
@@Onewingedangle42 Do the chips actually break, and what do the speeds and feeds look like?
That’s a Honda inner race for CV joint!
Constant velocity joint
like every other actually. only size is changing
It steel or cast iron? 🤔
@@mech3901 thanks much captain
Surface burns entered the chat.
nein!!! beim hart drehen nicht! schnell genug drehen dann geht die hitze nur in den spahn! guck genau hin die spähne glühen! die platte und werkstück werden nicht heiss dabei das werkstück bekommt vlt 60 grad
@@michaelguttmann10 yours is the most German comment I've ever read
Looks Like Making CV joint part For Axle
Yeah. Probably should have machined it before hardening though
@@ssss-df5qzhardening alters dimensions slightly. Parts that have to be hardened are usually machined 90% to to a rough size before hardening and then finished to exact dimensions post hardening
@@youremamajup. I made these parts and we never turnd them but grind after hardening
First had same thought, except that in CVJ this surface is not contacting, so no need for machining post heat treatment
@@feedbackzaloop It might be a clearance or even balance issue.
Gotta love ceramic inserts!!
CBN 😉
It's is a CBN tip, not ceramic!
I dunno I thought cbn tips had a different colored tip than the rest of the insert? Where ceramic is all one color, also a machining yt I watch uses ceramic that looks like that and uses it on hardened steel like this video is. 🤷🏻♂️ I’m not one myself, just one that loves all kinds of metal work.
The tip is a slightly different color. In addition, the insert is marked "7125" which is a CBN grade from Sandvik Coromant.
@@miguelbautista3374 No I think it’s CBD 😂
Судя по побежалости на резце, ему пришла упитанная полярная лиса.
I would grind the part.
Naa, this is faster.
You’d also take significantly longer.
You’d lose money doing so.
Interrupted cuts are really hard on inserts
I love that you can see the chips taking away all the heat ❤
Beginning of the video you can see it’s a bonded CBN or PCD insert. Couldn’t ask for much tougher conditions. Intermittent and fair amount doc.
Hard on the Cutter Insert!
it's crazy how a method like this can leave such a smooth finish.
It's really cool because it looks like that little thing is shaving metal off the big thing!
superfuzz bigmuff
That's probably the best way ive seen someone explain machining in simple terms😂
Machining is ultimately the art of very precisely removing chunks of metal, from bigger chunks of metal, to make useful things (and sometimes un-useful things)
Button inserts work great for both convex as well as concave parts, such as this.
Ya that would probably hold up better against chipping.
20+ years i’ve been working with CNC-turning machinery and i can tell that most of the time it’s been handled inappropriate by setting the rpm’s way to high on cutting paths like this. From the moment there are sparks flying around the tungsten carbide tip went blunt. So far for precisely machining and surface finishing. 2 simple reasons for anybody to understand but even if you have double the experience it’s a major task to judge the correct way and set up for success with this type of cut! Hardened material doesn’t seem to cooperate properly with the toolbit in general. But having an interval cutting area (repetitive open/closed surface) it’s strongly recommended not to use the coolant, causing the tip to shatter in seconds. And because of that you need to reduce the rpm rate rather drastically. As for the feed-rate i would use a 0.8 mm rounded tip but i wouldn’t also start cutting with half the feed-rate when i’d already lowered the rpm by that much. There’s so many variables to keep in consideration, you have to change the settings as you go along the way.
All that and you don't even know that's not a carbide insert. It's a CBN(Cubic Boron Nitride) which is much harder than carbide. They also do not require coolant. That insert is fine.
It's not all that fast either. It sounds wound up, but only looks like about 500-600 rpm. A lot faster than I would run it, but I work in a job shop and have the time, in a production shop time isn't always a luxury at hand.
Wow. Did not see that high-speed shot coming 👌
Would be cool to see this on a high tech slow motion, up close, thermal imaging
Looks like the cutter chipped halfway through the cut
Pretty sure it did, I've recently bought a single cbn insert to cut some hardened steel 'tube' with a single hole in a wall... every pass the insert would chip somewhere around that hole... annoying af. Good luck with such a heavy interrupted cut like that. They are literally showing us a video of a failed machining hopeing noone will notice xD
Sure it isn't just getting stained with burnt steel?
😟
No it's just the difference in colour between the two halves of the part to begin with
@@TheKuba516Then you had the wrong insert.
Camera power deserve Love for Slow motion❤
Plot twist,that wasn't slow-mo they just slowed the machine down 😅.
Can't say I haven't cut hardened at that speed. The surface finish won't betray you with some materials
And also decreased gravity
Nice, good finish. How bad did the insert chip?
CBN not ceramic. Very impressive. Nice insert. Especially making an interrupted cut. And it's probably 48-52 Rockwell depending on the material.
This is video made by sandvik coromant with its CBN new grade insert.
CBN is a ceramic. "Ceramic" is a very broad umbrella term.
@@theofficialczex1708The backer is ceramic, but CBN inserts typically have a cutting edge that's a single CBN crystal
Even though I know how it works and the material properties, to actually see it happen is still mad impressive
Now lets harden some turned steel
I do a lot of hard turning and boring 56Rc plus. Loads of intermittent cutting. Satisfying when you get it right.
We use ceramic to trace large diameter bearing raceways and inserts hold up for a good while. Its cool to see, cuz the chip comes off part glowing orange, then turns blue
Génial au ralenti!! 👍👍
Unbelievable slow motion 🫡 really awesome
now try turning a grizzled steel part. spoiler: you can't
Company really put the "suicide" in Suicide Squad 😂 😂
The insert absolutely hated that and still, to this very day, curses you out for it.
Gotta love carbide cutters! Makes hardened steel squeal
Not a carbide cutter. That's a CBN(Cubic boron nitride) insert. Significantly harder than carbide.
Absolut großartig für einen Maschinenbauer
Beautiful!
Now THAT'S how you do a loop
Is that a CBN insert?
yes it is
Tolle Aufnahme!
Not quite the same thing but if you ever have to drill through hardened steel you can buy those carbide tipped masonry bits and sharpen them on a grinder to cut right through harded steel. Will only last for a few holes but works well.
Seems relevant.
Those red hot chips your seeing is the material being literally melted of and turn hot. I sold CBN and ceramic inserts for hard turn HrC 55 and higher up to about HrC 70. Mostly HrC 65. I got 25-50+parts. The key is the right grade and right depth and right SFPM/RPM. At HrC 65 you can only remove about .025” at a pass.
Why did I watch this clip six times thinking each replay was a new cut and the face was getting shinier each time
Really hurts me inside when there is no coolant involved lol!
Sometimes you aren’t supposed to use coolant in this video is one of those instances
Hurts even more when people don’t understand why not.
Not holding a very tight tolerance, can see insert is chipped in slow motion
No, no you can’t.
I want to see the square tap in slow motion. Its crazy how they turn round metal into square by going in a circular motion
If I wanted I could see exactly this scene every working day. This looks like it's taken at the company I work at. 😅
Mad impressive
Magnifique bravo et merci
I wonder if they can maneuver the square bit so that part of the sides can be used away from the final surface shape, which might use the point.
Gotta love interrupted cuts
That's one hard 432 finisher 😊
Interrupted cut, very impressive
That's a nice faucet handle..
Технопорно, до слёз
Impressionante a tecnologia, parabéns.
Nice job 👏👏👏👏
A very very big wow to the camera.. What a slow motion
That slow mo tho 🤤🤤
Damn that tip got hot.... 😮
Fascinating
Imagine having your tongue next to it to eat the forbidden sprinkles
Sounds like an old worn out industrial air compressor.
That's cool I hard milled 30 of these this week!
Inner of a cv joint. Should be clamping on the bearing tracks
Alfred Rzeppa is rolling in his grave seeing you spin this thing so fast.
Uma das partes internas dê uma junta homocinética!
Gotta love diamond inserts. Now do it on a manual machine like i do 😂
I thought it was a full cylinder lol but this looks cool and what does that part go to?
Those cbn inserts don’t like interrupted cuts
How many times slow this clip 😮 Amezing
Can u also show slowmotion of that other half ?
Naah, we would be able to see when the insert gets chipped xD
Very sharp tool. Is that what your supposed to use on hard metal?
I see some pretty visible run-out
That was my first thought. Who crashed it on the first take?
Lol right
Beautiful
Bro hit us with the money shot like 🤤
Jesus that sound lmao
Ceramic inserts are made for this.
What is the feed rate in the program?
How much HRC ?
Most hard turning is for materials above HrC 55 to about 65
@@bobmac9070 mostly i use CBN Sometimes PKD👍🏻
Surprised these machines don't use some kinda coolant on the cutting blade
Some do, this is a ceramic cutter so coolant would cause a temperature differential that break it from thermal shock.
@@sawyernorthrop4078 ahh right I get you makes sense 👍👍👍
@@sawyernorthrop4078Not ceramic.
Camra qualiti😮❤😊
I thought this case sounded familiar. I remember the other intentional stomp one.
With that interrupted cut, and especially being hardened, you definitely need to slow that feed rate. Then maybe you can finish the part without running through inserts
I wonder how they get into the notches?
My first thought was "what are they doing with this UC bearing?!"
well that was just about to give out, did it keep it's messurment at the end, sparks are never good sign 😅
Tool bit changed twice in the process
I didn't know they re-machined CV axle bearings. I thought it was a one-and-done deal
A parte da câmera lenta ficou perfeita 😯
When are they going to finish the part they been machining it for hours....
Is the tip dull and it's just so hard the steel shaves when hit
Good to use neutral insert
Craftsman or harbor freight lathe?
A1 with applied more heat... hell if I know how it's tempered
Wie viele Teile hält die Platte? Hätte da ggf neb tip für eine alternative
As a non industrial guy. I thought the first clip was a wheel of a skateboard
It’s been 5 months and I’ve only just stopped watching this..