Desoldering without hot air

2018 ж. 14 Там.
3 619 660 Рет қаралды

Desoldering without hot air and desoldering tools
Tools used in video
Soldering Station: FX-951
Soldering Iron: FM-2028
Soldering Tips: T12-K, T12-BCF2/BCF3
Flux: Mechanic MCN-UV50
Solder wire: 63/37 0.8mm
Other: Copper wire 0.6mm
Microscope: Andonstar ADSM201
Temperature: 315 ~ 400°C (depend on size of components and heatsink area on PCB)
Note: in North America & EU, soldering iron FM-2028 and tips T12 series switch to FM-2027 and T15 series, shape of tips are same

Пікірлер
  • I have been soldering for over 60 years and this is the first time seeing this. Thank You for this video.

    @donvukovic7440@donvukovic7440 Жыл бұрын
  • Hadn't seen the copper wire trick before, kudos, that was clever. And I like that all the players got to take a bow at the end ;-)

    @pdrg@pdrg5 жыл бұрын
  • The copper wire trick for the micro USB connector is brilliant and now permanently stored in my mental flash memory! Thanks!

    @neilaldenarmstrong9806@neilaldenarmstrong98063 жыл бұрын
    • yes and no! Dont do that in case u intend to resolder that USB connector somewhere else cause, USB connector got plastic parts thats gona melt... or to not heat it much... What I do, I first desolder holding left and right pin that fixe the connector to the PCB, then desolder the rest 5 Pins, this why if it is done well the connector can bere-used 😉

      @DrZipZwan@DrZipZwan3 жыл бұрын
    • @@DrZipZwanok

      @phr3ui559@phr3ui559Ай бұрын
  • looks like top notch low melt solder and great iron and tips. no problem with destroying parts. I'm a butcher. I use crappy solder, irons, and flame gas torch to get stubborn pieces off. One day, I'll learn to use quality equipment for a good job, but for now. I'm a chop shop butcher. Thanks for inspiring to do a more pro job.

    @Swenser@Swenser4 жыл бұрын
  • I have 13 years of experience and are very used to soldering and desoldering and actually don't need to use a wide or elongated desoldering tip like in the video, just use a sharp tip. SMD components have 2 to 18 pins that can be removed easily, there are several components such as 8pin is opened by heating the body of the actual component is not recommended, but if the component is definitely damaged it is not a problem, but don't do it on good components

    @manupaksimanjuntak9587@manupaksimanjuntak95873 жыл бұрын
    • What products do you use besides the hot iron? I'm having a hard time to remove lead free soldered components just with the iron

      @berfava@berfava Жыл бұрын
    • Even if the part is not working the board most probably is. Hot air gun costs times less then one supermarket trip

      @za_ozero@za_ozero Жыл бұрын
  • Best soldering techniques channel on KZhead

    @bearwithme90@bearwithme905 жыл бұрын
  • That process seemed like the "hot tip" and was a visual treat... Thank you.

    @ovalwingnut@ovalwingnut2 жыл бұрын
  • You are legit the best teacher and the definition of if there is a will there Is a way.

    @pwarrow8858@pwarrow88582 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks for the copper wrap around ic pins trick. Great idea

    @Appregator@Appregator5 жыл бұрын
    • Yes. I liked that too.

      @BADALICE@BADALICE4 жыл бұрын
    • i think it's kapton tape

      @l0k048@l0k0483 жыл бұрын
  • finally he returned!!! relaxing soldering video :)

    @micheledimaggio8306@micheledimaggio83065 жыл бұрын
  • WOW !! Outstanding skill and technique. I'm gonna try these on some scrap computer parts before I feel comfortable but I never even thought it possible. Great video.

    @watchingdanny@watchingdanny11 ай бұрын
  • This channel is by far the best soldering tips and general info about soldering channel i’ve ever found

    @tf3confirmedbuthv54@tf3confirmedbuthv543 жыл бұрын
  • After watching his video, I tried it myself when recapping an old IIci motherboard. It works well. This trick removed 12 corroded capacitors with no lifted pads or burned boards. Just use lots of flux (with an open window/fume extractor) and lots of solder (for thermal mass).

    @robotroom@robotroom5 жыл бұрын
    • Which flux

      @apavithran6756@apavithran67564 жыл бұрын
    • @@apavithran6756 soldering flux also known soldering wax

      @shubhamsawant7099@shubhamsawant70993 жыл бұрын
  • The way he uses Iron blows my mind.

    @shao1423@shao14233 жыл бұрын
  • Cool video! The copper wire trick is nice. I have seen it before but never tried it myself. Maybe I will now. Thanks for sharing a very cool and interesting video. I’m sure it will help lots of people stuck in a bind. 👍🏼

    @smash7777-@smash7777-5 жыл бұрын
    • Да для варианта в полевых условиях самое то используя подручные средства, лучше не придумаешь

      @user-xl8mi9gf3p@user-xl8mi9gf3p Жыл бұрын
  • It's great. I've learned a lot of skills here.

    @madduxmak5975@madduxmak59752 жыл бұрын
  • this man is a genius!

    @demionlindsayable@demionlindsayable5 жыл бұрын
  • Very useful. Thank you.

    @hightttech@hightttech5 жыл бұрын
    • No it is not useful because the components are exposed to heath too much time and are internaly destroyed

      @grandmaitregilberto2469@grandmaitregilberto24695 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks @Andrakavo! tried out some of the techniques you showed here and they work so great!

    @shambles9@shambles93 жыл бұрын
  • creative! i really enjoyed watching!

    @gamezonealgeria5612@gamezonealgeria56124 жыл бұрын
  • Those components agreed to come out of the board. Impressive.

    @sridharanpvl@sridharanpvl4 жыл бұрын
    • 😂😂👍

      @jkadofo@jkadofo3 жыл бұрын
  • I had to do something similar last week and failed amazingly...we'll, maybe I'll give it another try. PS:There is something pleasant watching your solder jobs.

    @DMarko22@DMarko225 жыл бұрын
    • Sorry so late but, "Failed amazingly"? Did you mean "Miserably"? lol

      @paulreeder5241@paulreeder52413 жыл бұрын
    • @@paulreeder5241 It was amazing how bad I failed that job...that was the intention of the sentence. It was indeed a miserable attempt. Have a good one mate.

      @DMarko22@DMarko223 жыл бұрын
  • Master!...great demonstration. clap clap clap!!!

    @Daniel_Wolf@Daniel_Wolf4 жыл бұрын
  • Great video, everything very clean and practical, I loved this technique Excelente vídeo, tudo muito limpo e prático, adorei esta tecnica

    @acportrait@acportrait4 жыл бұрын
  • always nice to see such a good soldering trick like this

    @bejoterus8715@bejoterus87155 жыл бұрын
  • What I do with QFP's is using the chisel tip to melt the solder and bend one pin up at a time, but remember to press the chip down while you're bending the pins so it doesn't lift any solder pad that's still soldered to other pins.

    @sbellaharris@sbellaharris4 жыл бұрын
  • Very Very good desoldering system, the best i have saw in all time!

    @lrg6483@lrg64832 жыл бұрын
  • Great video, everything very clean and practical, I loved this technique !!! It's WORK !

    @sergiogreiso6221@sergiogreiso62213 жыл бұрын
  • The only problem with that techinique is that you heat up too much the components. With a really controlled hot air unit you can reduce the stress in the heat-sensitive chips

    @eduardoavila646@eduardoavila6465 жыл бұрын
    • Not really. Depends on how tight the components are in the board and most component can handle that heat otherwise hot air will also damage other component with how they heat up not only the component you want to remove.

      @jay22alco@jay22alco4 жыл бұрын
    • If the chip is faulty and needs replacing, so what?

      @buddhistsympathizer1136@buddhistsympathizer11363 жыл бұрын
    • With some old boards u will pick up the the foil...

      @ovetomash148@ovetomash1483 жыл бұрын
    • @@jay22alco that's why you have various sized tips on your hot air gun....

      @Atelierul29@Atelierul293 жыл бұрын
    • true specially if you use cheap irons and it gets dirty easily

      @geraldbal461@geraldbal4613 жыл бұрын
  • This is so satisfying to watch

    @jazzmcc4223@jazzmcc42233 жыл бұрын
    • so true . : )

      @AnalogDude_@AnalogDude_3 жыл бұрын
    • And it's even more when you actually do it, I love the process

      @salazarmighty2166@salazarmighty21663 жыл бұрын
    • Agreed

      @Felixvioleta@Felixvioleta3 жыл бұрын
    • same

      @gamers2prof775@gamers2prof7753 жыл бұрын
    • I can't stop watching soldering videos. XD

      @goku445@goku4453 жыл бұрын
  • I wouldn't have thought that adding solder would help to remove it. Very Good.

    @46B3x2you@46B3x2you3 жыл бұрын
  • It's a pleasure to watch your videos!

    @gipielle@gipielle5 жыл бұрын
  • You are a master on the art

    @yuanho2883@yuanho28835 жыл бұрын
  • That flux works pretty nice, surprised to see that it was a "Mechanic" brand. And the chip desoldering was epic :)

    @galileo_rs@galileo_rs5 жыл бұрын
    • what is the brand of the flux?

      @Pixell_Eletronica@Pixell_Eletronica2 жыл бұрын
    • @@Pixell_Eletronica Mechanic, obviously. Watch the video until the end, all the tools are listed.

      @galileo_rs@galileo_rs2 жыл бұрын
  • wow .. didnt know if these were even possible. hats-off!

    @imanwiharjo9486@imanwiharjo94862 жыл бұрын
  • I love the Adams Family style music too! Nice video

    @whyrate@whyrate4 жыл бұрын
    • Awesome

      @RAJKumar-ve5nd@RAJKumar-ve5nd4 жыл бұрын
  • PRO....The Real Master Soldrr

    @abuzain2797@abuzain27975 жыл бұрын
  • Nice video; brings me back to when I was an assembly and rework tech. We had a hot air station but during rework I usually opted for a wide chisel tip or a hoof tip on the Metcal. So quick and easy. Only used the hot air for QFN packages and things of that sort.

    @mikea3169@mikea31694 жыл бұрын
    • Es fabuloso esta técnica ok

      @rauldelagarzasalgado7009@rauldelagarzasalgado70092 жыл бұрын
  • amzing! thank you for the tips :)

    @colorprintvg6936@colorprintvg69365 жыл бұрын
  • copper wire technique is too good, You are perfect person in this work, great work ,congratulations Dear🍫👏🏻💐 When I was in service department ..... I also love my job, After watching your vdo I want to do this again🙌🏻

    @Entertainmentandmuchmore6088@Entertainmentandmuchmore60882 жыл бұрын
  • It's suitable only for dead components

    @noviy_polsovatel@noviy_polsovatel5 жыл бұрын
    • Thanks. It was so cringe. I would have commented the same.

      @falconeagle3655@falconeagle36555 жыл бұрын
    • A dead component is one of the biggest reasons you might want to desolder something

      @DestroManiak@DestroManiak5 жыл бұрын
    • I could disagree with you. All temperature sensible components I've successfully desoldered and then soldered again are still working. I couldn't tell the same about heat gun...

      @TheHamster4430@TheHamster44305 жыл бұрын
    • Your comment just proved how much you know about soldering... Although I do know both techniques this one is even safer than hot air as the heat is only provided to the soldering points - not to the core of a chip or PCB that acts as a heatsink like it is in the case of using hot air. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages but what you've said it totally wrong.

      @losien1@losien15 жыл бұрын
    • This is very costly....not good

      @anudeep23222@anudeep232225 жыл бұрын
  • Good video, I was looking for this.

    @ElTexMexAlex@ElTexMexAlex5 жыл бұрын
    • PCB and FPC supplier Mr.Cheng TEL(Wechat) : (86)18166347566 yudypcb@gmail.com

      @yudycheng6576@yudycheng65763 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks a lot for this video!) It's awesome!

    @Mr_Alex_K@Mr_Alex_K3 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks for this tutorial! ❤❤

    @saifuladliyusof334@saifuladliyusof3343 жыл бұрын
  • 3:50 "DIE DIE DIE DIE DIE DIE DIE DIE DIE "

    @user-vm1hi7bo5s@user-vm1hi7bo5s3 жыл бұрын
    • 🤣🤣 LoooL...

      @aswingsharif6729@aswingsharif67293 жыл бұрын
    • шо этим хотел сказать

      @overept8801@overept88013 жыл бұрын
    • @@overept8801 А шо нипанятна?

      @user-vm1hi7bo5s@user-vm1hi7bo5s3 жыл бұрын
    • @@user-vm1hi7bo5s бля я ток до пер на резисторах было написано тип смерть

      @overept8801@overept88013 жыл бұрын
    • @@overept8801 Ок)

      @user-vm1hi7bo5s@user-vm1hi7bo5s3 жыл бұрын
  • All of that looks really impressive (like Chinese magic ;-)), but a bit tricky for a beginner...;-) And there's still a big risk to damage the components while trying to remove them like this. BTW, you can also use Rose alloy instead of ordinary solder to reduce the operating temperature (it's quite a common approach).

    @user-vd5iu6ku6y@user-vd5iu6ku6y4 жыл бұрын
    • Ty friend!

      @ROBJECTS@ROBJECTS2 жыл бұрын
  • Good Work Buddy. I appreciate your work.

    @piyushkadukar7337@piyushkadukar73375 жыл бұрын
  • ваши ролики как произведения искуства)))красиво методично интересно . спасибо 😀

    @sainttwo88@sainttwo882 жыл бұрын
    • А что за флюс?

      @sergjelezny7333@sergjelezny73332 жыл бұрын
  • i envy so much your soldering skills

    @Ridata01@Ridata015 жыл бұрын
  • +Androkavo Professor :) I love your welding techniques very much and recommend for you the following tips: T15-BCM2 T15-BC28

    @mohsentech4292@mohsentech42925 жыл бұрын
  • Truly a good video :) Keep on doing your very good videos!

    @John_Smith__@John_Smith__5 жыл бұрын
  • I have heard of this method but first time to see it done , good backup tool .......

    @leso204@leso204 Жыл бұрын
  • For small components use two soldering gun. For dead parts use an exacto and cut all the pins.

    @y_x2@y_x24 жыл бұрын
  • Éso fue hermoso. 💖 Lo voy a practicar. ¡Gracias!

    @axelbelleris@axelbelleris5 жыл бұрын
    • Like por hablar español jajaja xD

      @elcomentador2408@elcomentador24085 жыл бұрын
    • @@elcomentador2408 ¡Jaja! Saludos desde Córdoba, Argentina. 😎

      @axelbelleris@axelbelleris5 жыл бұрын
  • Ничего более завораживающего не видел!!! Просто супер!!! Прям медитация!

    @user-mq9wq3mu8i@user-mq9wq3mu8i2 жыл бұрын
  • So helpful. Wish I could like this twice

    @cameronrich2536@cameronrich25367 ай бұрын
  • I’m assuming the parts you removed are unusable afterwards Also god damn that’s a nice flux

    @ninjaslash52_98@ninjaslash52_983 жыл бұрын
    • If they're already broken and need replacement I guess it's fine anyway.

      @delayed_control@delayed_control3 жыл бұрын
  • We're not worthy, we're not worthy! Amazing skills.

    @ut4321@ut43213 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks for such a nice technique

    @Ammy-bc6bh@Ammy-bc6bh5 жыл бұрын
  • A kind of great soldering art!

    @KahaKhotiem@KahaKhotiem2 жыл бұрын
  • the flux is strong with this one

    @clanderson0@clanderson03 жыл бұрын
    • I can even smell it from here 😁

      @jkadofo@jkadofo3 жыл бұрын
    • 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

      @tnt-hv6qw@tnt-hv6qw3 жыл бұрын
    • Aonde agente encontra esse material pra comprar

      @wilsonlimeira4252@wilsonlimeira42522 жыл бұрын
    • @@wilsonlimeira4252 se chama pasta de solda ou fluxo de solda, geralmente vc encontra para vender em lojas de componentes.

      @goldnicks@goldnicks2 жыл бұрын
  • You are essentially heating the IC to the Solder melting point, then it transfers heat to the legs and to the pad too. That DPAK appears to be little bit difficult to remove with soldering iron.

    @mikegaming4924@mikegaming49243 жыл бұрын
    • You cut the two two or three leads off, then you can easily remove the package.

      @lepidoptera9337@lepidoptera93372 жыл бұрын
  • awesome technique. thanks for sharing.

    @swlee9289@swlee92895 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks for the copper trick, very useful :)

    @RSTVlog87@RSTVlog873 жыл бұрын
  • Can you make a video comparing acid free plumbing flux to electronics flux?

    @Skidtire@Skidtire5 жыл бұрын
  • Wow ...this is a great skill, an experienced man in soldering. We are a beginner must learn longer to have a skill like this. It's a great job showed us. But by the way... may i know..what flux and tin kind you applied there ?!

    @mscpro@mscpro2 жыл бұрын
  • Excelente información Muchas gracias maestro

    @isaiasmartinez3508@isaiasmartinez35083 жыл бұрын
  • Awesome tips for smd components desoldering, if it's broken or burned, doesn't really matter if you apply some overheating, trying to re-use components it's a different story, I will put in practice those skills in the video

    @victorpiedra6742@victorpiedra67423 жыл бұрын
  • Ok, the componets may already be damaged, so no need to worry about excessive heat. But what about the copper trails?

    @persona83@persona834 жыл бұрын
  • A qualidade da solda ajuda muito e com essa técnica melhor ainda. Obrigado!

    @marcelomigueldasilva7444@marcelomigueldasilva74442 жыл бұрын
  • The increasing difficulty levels, accompanied by great musics. I want to play this video game!

    @alexanderm.9566@alexanderm.95662 жыл бұрын
  • This guy (presumably) is like desolder king!..

    @phenomkrumper@phenomkrumper3 жыл бұрын
  • Great idea, very helpful video! Presumably the soldering iron temperature need to be lower or else the PCB copper will detach from board? Also the components can't be reused anymore due to prolong exposure to such high temperature?

    @himeccms893@himeccms8935 жыл бұрын
    • Still a newbie so don't know about the temp. But this is desoldering not recovering components. So yes most components will be dead after this treatment.

      @mattquick5045@mattquick50455 жыл бұрын
  • For this I just use thin braided copper wire with flux and when heated with a soldering iron, the copper absorbs all the tin in the circuit freeing the components

    @MyJuankmilo@MyJuankmilo4 жыл бұрын
    • Wicks are pedantic. A big blob till tweezer-time is faster. Every method has merit. Know your limit.

      @dalethomasdewitt@dalethomasdewitt4 жыл бұрын
  • Nice video... now i finally know, what the knife tip is good for :)

    @TheSalatech@TheSalatech4 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks man exellant job I love it so much your perfect 👍

    @naderhumood1199@naderhumood11995 жыл бұрын
  • Overheating, destroy others parts.

    @Cameron-qn3wz@Cameron-qn3wz3 жыл бұрын
    • This should be aimed to replace the desoldered part, not to fix the pin connection from bad soldering, so yes, next step is to replace the part.

      @aswingsharif6729@aswingsharif67293 жыл бұрын
    • Yes

      @SwanandsCreativity@SwanandsCreativity3 жыл бұрын
    • @@aswingsharif6729 This makes sense, tq

      @heyjohnsmith@heyjohnsmith3 жыл бұрын
    • @Soren Kylo @Maxwell fuck you scammers, who are also spreading unhealthy insecurities

      @heyjohnsmith@heyjohnsmith3 жыл бұрын
    • Even with a hot air technique, what happened to the caution we were told to have when soldering so as not to overheat delicate chips? Removing parts is one thing as they're going in the bin but got to solder the new part back on. These things are done with pin point accuracy by machines in factories for a reason.

      @alexipetrovski7868@alexipetrovski7868 Жыл бұрын
  • 5:00 really creative method

    @nikiamz6501@nikiamz65015 жыл бұрын
  • 2:11 This trick is very useful for me, thank you very much!

    @LucaBlightOfHighland@LucaBlightOfHighland3 жыл бұрын
  • The Best Vídeo soldering !

    @BrikdoCelular@BrikdoCelular5 жыл бұрын
  • Bardzo pomysłowy sposób bez przegrzewania bocznych układów łapka w górę

    @HermanOtto-wr2nn@HermanOtto-wr2nn5 жыл бұрын
  • Superman 🤣😎👍 Тосно like ставить нужно....!!!

    @TM-kt2lh@TM-kt2lh5 жыл бұрын
  • i am fan your technique .great job

    @rizitek4252@rizitek42523 жыл бұрын
  • Out of series my friend you are an animal ... great !!!

    @san_x2576@san_x25764 жыл бұрын
  • flux + desoldering braid = cleaner result & less risk to damage surrounding components. + 1 for the drop of lead on the tip, helps a lot to speed up the task

    @personaverygrata2588@personaverygrata25883 жыл бұрын
    • Desoldering braid is what I use.

      @FlyingFun.@FlyingFun.3 жыл бұрын
  • I used to do this but i use a regular wire not a single core one i wrap it around the soldering tip then around the chip i turn on the soldering iron and remove the chip

    @AliYassinToma@AliYassinToma5 жыл бұрын
    • Me too, I'm using all that methods, but wrapping some wire around the tip of soldering iron and bend it into right shape is better that a U-formed piece which is only touched by the tip, you need ways less solder and it goes faster, the parts don't need to be heated up that much. To be honest we both kind of copy this idea from special iron tips, didn't we? 😂

      @Wilson84KS@Wilson84KS5 жыл бұрын
  • It's good because: -You won't need a heater and it's very convenient - Careless use of heater may blow away smd components lying around the one you want to desolder. Its bad because: - Your use of solder and flux increases crazily - With heater you warm up the component gradually, but with iron you apply heat instantly to a very small point and you touch ic package directly All in all I like the idea👍👋

    @Sebastianstarmer@Sebastianstarmer2 жыл бұрын
  • He is just outstanding.. 😍

    @MrAjmal2010@MrAjmal20105 жыл бұрын
  • Thanks for this! Are the components re-usable afterwards?

    @recogehmar1848@recogehmar18485 жыл бұрын
    • Fried

      @nelsonlobo3615@nelsonlobo36153 жыл бұрын
    • I think they are reusable. When desoldering using air, you also apply heat to whole component and not only its legs. So I think the temperature on the component is not so far from air desoldering

      @eugenegrebionkin@eugenegrebionkin3 жыл бұрын
    • The resistors are probably reusable. With active components you run the risk of heat damage. But sometimes They work

      @neilkurzman4907@neilkurzman49073 жыл бұрын
    • @@neilkurzman4907 well if we actually check the internals of ICs, we'll see that there are very thin wire going between the chip leg and the actual crystal. I don't think much heat can be transferred through it. So as for me, heating the IC's case is way more dangerous than heating its legs

      @eugenegrebionkin@eugenegrebionkin3 жыл бұрын
    • @@eugenegrebionkin The plastic also doesn’t accept heat very well. You can guess, but the question is is it worth reusing a potentially damaged component.

      @neilkurzman4907@neilkurzman49073 жыл бұрын
  • Androkavo, your video is very clear! What microscope did you use?

    @kbjinsam@kbjinsam4 жыл бұрын
    • Lol, read the description.

      @suicide19915@suicide199154 жыл бұрын
  • Sehr gut und hilfreich. Thank you.

    @christiankulmann3325@christiankulmann33254 жыл бұрын
  • inspiring. Awesome Vid. ! ! !

    @audusau195@audusau1954 жыл бұрын
  • By this process, any component easily can be destroyed and loss it's property...

    @shafiqalom8408@shafiqalom84084 жыл бұрын
    • I dont thinknso: Wave soldering which is very popular in board factories is the same process for building board.

      @jeremyvi@jeremyvi3 жыл бұрын
    • If a component is being removed, more often than not it has failed so what's the issue??

      @ro63rto@ro63rto3 жыл бұрын
    • @@ro63rto or you are removing it from a donor board

      @ayuchanayuko@ayuchanayuko3 жыл бұрын
  • That's a high quality flux

    @dofrint2027@dofrint20274 жыл бұрын
  • I enjoy your work.

    @HelpingMind@HelpingMind5 жыл бұрын
  • Thank you for the useful video!

    @user-ru1qt2og1o@user-ru1qt2og1o3 жыл бұрын
  • Nothing left after this is done. Everything to the trash bin LOL.

    @stevec9669@stevec96693 жыл бұрын
  • Putting a solid wire around a component, even that SOIC-24, isn’t necessary to remove it with a soldering iron.

    @rickpontificates3406@rickpontificates34063 жыл бұрын
  • Satisfying video. Thanks.

    @tanleproe@tanleproe2 жыл бұрын
  • High professionalism😍😍😍

    @mohamadaldarwish6678@mohamadaldarwish66784 жыл бұрын
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