Newton’s three-body problem explained - Fabio Pacucci
Download a free audiobook version of "The Three-Body Problem" and support TED-Ed's nonprofit mission: www.audible.com/ted-ed
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In 2009, researchers ran a simple experiment. They took everything we know about our solar system and calculated where every planet would be up to 5 billion years in the future. They ran over 2,000 simulations, and the astonishing variety in results revealed that our solar system may be much less stable than it seems. Fabio Pacucci explores the n-body problem and the motion of gravitating objects.
Lesson by Fabio Pacucci, directed by Hype CG.
Animator's website: www.hype.cg/ and www.luisacopetti.com/
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Intrigued by the universe’s mysteries? We've got a book rec for you: “The Three-Body Problem”. Download a free audiobook version of the Hugo Award-winning science fiction epic here: www.audible.com/ted-ed And thanks! Every free trial started through this link helps support our nonprofit mission.
I love that book so much. Currently on the second book and it’s one of the greatest sci-fi series I’ve ever read. Highly recommend it to any fan of sci-fi.
Hey guys if you like space videos then do visit my channel once pls 🙏 🙏😊😀😊
why is the background music like of Eve Online? That's is my only weakness So you get a view from me
I prefer the dark forest
Those univrse will end
Who is here to get a refresher before watching 3 Body Problem on Netflix.
honestly even this video doesn't help me 😅
Why would you give those people money lol
That’s why I clicked it lol
Much like the writers did, just reading the first few lines on Wikipedia is enough.
I just watched the trailer. Pretty awesome, I just want to understand what it means before starting the series.
"In 2009, two researchers ran a simple experiement." Me: Oh, OK what's this simple experiment "They took everything we know about our solar system and calculated where every planet would be up to 5 billion years in the future." Me: HUH
pretty simple experiment right ? RiGhT?
lol :D
Truly simple
It’s not an experiment, it’s a computer run, not sure why they pretend it is physics.
*researchers
Well, I guess, many people have experienced that same problem before. Two bodies gravitating toward each other works out fine; but if a third or even more bodies get involved, things tend to get messy and feelings are hurt.
Add another one and everything is fine😂
I don't see any problem there
it's only wrong if you get caught.
In the toxic monogamous culture of most societies, sure. But there are bodies who learned to think in a different way where they recognize each body has its own freedom, and they can, ahem... gravitationally... interact between each other just fine ;)
Just don’t cheat? It’s easy
This deserves credit for aesthetics. Beautifully animated, descriptive simple visuals, droning music zones you out and all you hear is the calm voice making it very easy to pay attention. Not saying it's the most unique, just perfectly executed for what it was. Good job creative team
Welcome to Ted Ed
Also, that 3:29 drawing is underappreciated and I want to let whoever animated that know that I saw and appreciated it.
6.10.2022 Yep, I saw it, also. And I appreciate you appreciating the animator. Best Wishes, Dear Stranger!
I just noticed!
👨
looks like a pen is is about to enter a vagi na
also like stalin
Thanks Ted Ed for making me feel insignificant again! Always loves these.
Luke Swan and confused
There is no good in something that makes you feel insignificant
When the theme song start, I feel it already
Importantly insignificant
Just think that earth is flat and we r the only smart creatures, it will make you feel better :)
So KZhead just casually slip this video in my newsfeed right after I watch an episode from Netflix
yeah, google went through your search history.
You're not alone, frck algorithm. Nothing is private in the internet.
It's just trending. Didn't know about a netflix show about this and I'm still here.
@@manah2882is that why I got adds for lactating twins selling their milk for their tech startup?
This is a show?
At 3:29 they were definitely drawing a man with a moustache lol
@TrustandrepenttoJesusChrist1huhhhh???
Ya think? 😂😂
I’m reading Liu Cixin’s book that the opening quote is from! It’s incredible, one of the best sci fi books out there ❤️
Thank you. I was looking for someone to mention the book.
I had read it too! It freaking great! I love the third book of the series
Greetings fellow Wallfacers.
I just finished in Norwegian, the two others are not translated, so I'll read them in english. Have already ordered them! :-)
Arrogance is the obstacle to survival, this can not be more true in this 2020 situation
Highly recommended the book "three-body problem" that is mentioned in this video. I read the Chinese version first a couple years ago, and it's just fascinating, especially the second of the series, which unveils a theatrical formulation (a.k.a. Dark Forest) of the interactions between civilizations in the universe. Although it's a sci-fi, most of what described in this series actually have scientific basis are within reasonable possibility. Anyway, the English version translated by Ken Liu is great in term of quality, still highly recommended if you can't read the original version in Chinese.
I remember reading the climax of The Dark Forest, and got goosebumps from the reveal
Thanks for the information about the translation. There are translations in all 3 languages I speak available and it's always a bit of a gamble with translated literature ... there is very little information out there about good vs. bad translations.
That’s how I found this video 😂😂
👍🏼
It's absolutely amazing and terrifying all at once. Highly recommend it.
Netflix took me here....and I'm still confused.....LOL
Me too😂
The most boring series I’ve ever watched on Netflix 😢
Netflix tv crew made shity modifications from original book
@@niviamaeva The book is better
@@stare4539what's the book
This was actually recommended to me after finishing the series without searching for it
That's because they sell your data left and right. Same thing happened to me.
@@twntwn11 im sure Chrome has your data and the pages visited then pushed it to other services
Same here
well, when you consent to keep your search history on so they can show you relevant content, this is exactly what they mean that they will recommend you content based on what you search and watch.
@@hasaan_ahmed And when I switch everything off I will have false sense of security and they will see what they need anyway. The key is to make you think that you have options.
Ted Ed : Our solar system will be stable for atleast several hundred million years me : 😌 Again Ted Ed : Though If another star is on its way to us , all bets are off me : 😑
At least we would be doomed to go extinct anyway if that happens.
But we know were all the nearest stars are so if a star we haven’t seen is heading towards us chances are it’s really far away and will still take a lot of millions of earth years to get here.
@@indefiniten.8535 who knows its speed can be 1 million light years per second
@@mr.anonymous2965 there's no way any object would reach that speed
@@kaisartitoniran1776 rip faster than light speed travel.
Take that Kurzgesagt, with your solar-system-moving machines!!
Ah I see you're a man of culture
Well u would have to challenge issac arthur tho lol
In my vision of that machine (I was still a kid), the Solar system's planet orbit a fixed setting as if an axle was lodged into the center (not the Sun itself nor the mass of the machine). The planets will act as a centrifuge while the sun provides solar energy. The asteroids and the other bodies floating within and around will be harvested and mined for their resources. Eventually the other planets will also become mined and harvested for their resources, their core or in theory will be used much like the sun or whatever properties energy can be extracted from them. At that age, I just discovered what an engine was and learned recently about the Solar System; I combined them in my head.
Kurzgesagt Team be like : *" Rückzug! Rückzug! Ihre Technologie ist weiter fortgeschritten!"*
Lol
i understood none of that
Hahahhaa
It’s not that hard to understand
It's not that hard to not understand it either
Yet we watch like children. The beauty [or comedy] lies in the listening and not the understanding.
Brain not good?
I’m not here because of Netflix.
Me too😅
🙋🏻😂
Bruh you trippin
lmfao
Me: Scared that the Mercury is going to smash into the Earth Also me: Did those stars at 3:27 just draw a man with a moustache?
Saw that face too. Was just about to comment
@@zorizad7951 me too. I'm about to write this
Mumbo jumbo it is
@@number_8903 lol, so mumbo works with nasa
ikr
Highly recommend the "Three body problem" by Cixin Liu. Especially the second book in the series was just grand !!
im about half way through the second book right now and loving it
W a t e r d r o p n o t b a d
kzhead.info/sun/ramGk66ohoCwa6c/bejne.html
Yesss omg the dark forest blew me off the solar system
Hello, Sir. I am your wallbreaker.
It's the same as the 3 ripple affect. Throwing 2 stones in the water can be calculated, but the throwing 3 stones in water will create so complex collisions that it's has almost infinite variables
Nice video. The mentioned book is amazing. The Three Body Problem saga is one of my favorites ever
The animator did a great job , how much we appreciate you it is nothing
The Three-body problem is one of the best books I've read in my life! Hard sci-fi amazingly well written.
@Tom Cruise It is literally classified as hard sci-fi.
The premise of The Dark Forest is sound, but I think the idea that another civilization is more likely to manipulate humanity than directly attack. It would be "quieter."
@@honorous4840 I would argue it’s cosmic horror
Hope you would enjoy the latest movies from the same writer Liu Cixin: The wandering earth and The Wandering Earth Part 2.
@@pythonxz About that i have one statement: How we can imagine the motive or the philosophy of Aliens? we can't as they are ALIENS! Simple. Other answer is humanization or an opinion. The dark forest made me realize that my optimistic view of aliens could be very wrong or very true but as we don't know may be we should be more cautious.
I'm reading "The 3 Body Problem" right now. This is very helpful. Thank you!
I was looking for all of this information in the past week. Thank you.
the background music is *so satisfying*
Can someone please tell me the soundtrack name?
Kind of *relaxing* than *satisfying*
I think this is the song: kzhead.info/sun/l7WwZNtxjpmOlok/bejne.html
@@TylerSolvestri Ya got me m8
@@fathfez7991 Thanks, I don't need to click that link.
Thanks Ted Ed cause you people are keeping our brain active during lockdown
Thank you Ted Ed
Where is lockdown still a thing? Not in Europe or North America? Are you in Victoria Australia?
Thx
@@gregoryfenn1462 probably
Thanks for so many likes
Copernicus, save me! 😂
(hint: he can't, the thing cannot be predicted)
elegantly and brilliantly illustrated
3:27 I love whoever animated this, thank you!
Mad scientist somewhere, “I’ll move Mercury by a few millimeters and destabilize Earths orbit if you don’t give me $100 billion dollars! Mwahahahahahaha!
Heavy breathing intensifies
Mwahahahahaha!
Mwhaaaaaahahahahahhaha
Muhahahahhahahahhahahhhahhahahahajajahahajahahahahahahhahahhaahah
If he had the means to carry out such a hefty task, he certainly wouldn't be in need of a 100 billion dollars
love the animation and narration. Perfectly paired
How Many came after Netflix
Meee
Hieee
Me😊
Me
Yurp. The show was Sooooo good!
Mercury: moves slightly to the left The inner solar system over the course of 5bn years: s l o w c o f f i n d a n c e
ASTROmania Or at least I think that’s how it’s spelt
Frankly, only robots should care beyond 500 million years in the future, because the Sun will heat up enough that Earth will become unlivable after that. This is not the Sun going Red Giant in 5000 million years, just slightly hotter from retained heat, moving up the Main Sequence. The only way to avoid that is to gradually move Earth out, and only Larry Niven has had the balls to do that, and maybe Olaf Stapleton.
This type of animation is so good so well done to the animators!
I think I've read somewhere that since there is no analytical solution there is no way to count backwards where the bodies were in the past. Certain locations with certain velocities could come about several ways and there is no telling which one that actually happened even though there is only one deterministic way forwards in time. That has always seemed mysterious to me.
Reading the first book now, super excited to see this.
It's refreshing to finally see a video that discusses this. Unsolvable problems such as this one are really good reminders that our "knowledge" is not nearly as "certain" as we think, hope, or want.
If you like such a theme, also check out the "Halting problem" in theoretical computer science....
They're not unsolvable though and you said it yourself, they are just really good reminders that our knowledge is not as certain as we think. We're missing other variables and maths to solve such problems.
@@FinGeek4now That, unfortunately, is open to much debate. Far more debate than a comment section on KZhead could hold. In a very very small nutshell, what I mean by unsolvable is something that has no, and in fact cannot have, a final answer. Which seems to be most nontrivial problems, both material and otherwise.
@@johnmanno2052 It's not a huge debate tbh, as we don't know what we don't know. Have someone put an object into a sealed box, then bring it to you. Your objective is to state what is inside the box without opening it or asking what it is, etc.. Quite the unsolvable problem? Not hardly, as anyone that can see in four+ dimensions will tell you exactly what is inside the box and then wonder how you cannot solve such a simple problem. Does that mean you'll never be able to perform the problem? Not necessarily - someday we may very well advance far enough down the technological path that we'll be able to have higher dimensional probes which can see in higher dimensions than what we are capable of naturally. In the case of the 3BP, we're missing something(s) and until we find what we're missing, we won't be able to solve the orbital dynamics. That is a far cry from saying that it is unsolvable and that it cannot be solved. A better qualified statement would be that, "The 3BP cannot be solved using our current models."
@@johnmanno2052 Maybe a breakthrough in postdicting the past.
Such a lovely soundtrack in the bg❤
Who's here in 2024 after seeing the trailer for 3 body problem Netflix movie
Right here
Here😂
Meee!
Me!
Yep
This channel is so amazing. The clarity of its instruction and teaching and the graphics used - it helps both auditory and visual learners. I'm so glad I found this channel!
Absolute blessing. Quality stuff
These are some best 'learn from home' videos in these times. Keep up the good work TEDEd 👍
3:27 is a work of art ❤
Loved the video. And the animations were so creative
To answer that quote/question at the start I will ask a second question: Should the left eye lead the right, or the right eye lead the left?
I guess it's a bit of both as the quote 'scientists were to bothered with could they do it and forgot to check if they should ', so philosophy in terms of ethics is required but also philosophy and in turn opinions of things should be based on some science but freedom of thought should be encouraged to vary ideas
Lorenzo Eli did someone say onions 🧅 🧅🧅🧅🧅 Opinions are like onions. They have layers
BibiBosh. And they rhyme too :)
Your lost car keys ....never heard a onion rhyme. But when they sing it makes me cry a river.
BibiBosh. Idk where this conversation is going anymore.. imma just leave :P
Kudos to whoever does these animations, they are incredible
This is the best explanation I've heard of the 3-body problem
Didn’t watch Netflix 3 body problem but I am interested since it keeps coming up on my feed after watching a single snippet
The animation is really good and the background music is soo soothing! Loved it!
hey nice! thanks! here is the soundtrack soundcloud.com/imageaudio7/soundtrack-of-ted-ed-newtons-three-body-problem-explained-fabio-pacucci
@@imageaudio6205 the music is absolutely beautiful. Couldn't even focus on the video, was so enamored by the background music
Muito obrigado por postar um vídeo que aborda um pouco do problema descrito em um dos melhores livros que já li; "O problema dos três corpos". Estava sentido falta de uma explicação melhor e você apresentou muito bem nesse vídeo. Abraços
I'm glad this same guy keeps also voicing these videos after all these years. His voice is a staple to TED-ed videos ❤
I can watch this, over and over. Yet it still will not sink in.
Cixin Liu's Three Body Problem is really imaginative and intriguing, amazing book.
I heared about it but never really had to time to look it up. Good to have you TedEd.
The show was WORTH IT!
One of the best illustration I've seen.
The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu is the book that brought me here. I highly recommend reading it as it was the best thing I have read about Sci-Fi this year.
1:49: Background color perfectly aligned with KZhead's dark theme.
KZhead has a dark theme?
NOt perfect tho.. A bit off. I use thumbnails in which if I want a part to be transparent I just add the dark theme there
Pixel Pancakes Yes. It's been out for a while.
not even close mate. Perhaps different brightness used :)
Relate...used an optimization model (w/asst.) for trekking carrying capacity of a Protected Area(Mt Apo NP,Philippines)..maximization model...left w/more questions thans answers..
anyone else get led to here because the algorithm knows you're looking forward to netflix's 3 body problem?
I am now
After... Just trying to get to lvl. 4...
Only if my phone is bugged. Or Amazon purchases, since I bought it and The Dark Forest via it.
The background sound is so calming
Hey! Thanks! It was a composition made specially for this video. The link is here! soundcloud.com/imageaudio7/soundtrack-of-ted-ed-newtons-three-body-problem-explained-fabio-pacucci
This makes me curious about how close a star with the mass of ours would have to get to throw the whole system out of orbit by interfering with something like Jupiter. I imagine even the smallest of rugs from a Star would be able to throw everything off but how close/far does it have to be for that to occur?
Im actually halfway through the book right now! Its amazing
I have no idea what he's talking about but the music and animation are so calming 😊❤
While watching TED Ed videos,always used to click like before it starts, because I am very much sure about the content quality and the knowledge being delivered to us through your videos will be informative and wonderful.
NO LONGER TRUE...
The book recommendation - that's how do you know TED-Ed is a great channel apart from their great content. Fantastic trilogy indeed. I was happy that you presented a topic from a book that blew my mind and really appreciate your spreading the word about it.
They couldn't even properly reference the science paper they alluded to, but they could provide a link to a science fiction book. That's how you know it's a TED channel.
The Trisolarians would tell you how this Three-body problem wrecked their planet! As soon as I saw the video my mind flashed back to Liu Cixin’s trilogy, thanks Ted-Ed for the book rec, more people should know about those books!
I just bought the book and this video appeared what a coincidence. Great video❤
Great trilogy by Liu Cixin. Definitely recommended.
00:07 - 2 researchers run a simple experiment 1:12 - N - Body Problem 4:34 - Restricted Three Body Problem We hope one day to achieve the level of your channel ♥️ We love you Ted-Ed
I love their show
Lets do this together
So far so good
Thanks for explaining this!
Every time you add a new variable, it changes the whole… Honestly, the more and more we find out about the universe, the more our solar system seems really unique… and Earth as a protected pearl between an insanely unique pairing of orbital bodies almost designed to be that way… Which in the chaos of the universe seems strangely weird… There are many factors beyond our solar system placement though that seem to be protecting us… our section of the galactic arm seems to be somewhat emptied in comparison, while our placement in the arm gives us Sun lifetime and beyond ability without major outer solar system debris interaction… the great attractor seems to be pulling everything in near proximity… All of these bodies are powerful enough to effect us, but don’t destroy us… It’s possible that these events happened, and because of our creational blueprint, we just happened to benefit to the point of our statistically amazing stability. But, its not unthinkable for some sort of existential force to have designed it to be this way, with a preconceived knowledge of future; either through precognitive event/ability or just a fair enough calculated out equation…
Who is here from Netflix?
😂✋ guilty as charged
Guilty!!
Gizza
It's not a coincidence. Netflix and Google share our information. How did KZhead know to recommend this video after I just finished binging on Netflix
✋🏽
This is awesome though I don’t understand most of the equations/variables though.
Lol
It's because there're no equations in this video. And, AFAIKT, there's a small load of BS with regards to there being more variables than equations... lol 😊
@@konstantin.v there are several equations, for example in the background or so
@@xRokoPL , oops, my bad, I've missed them... At least some of them look legit. I wonder, if all of them are actually related to the N-body problem, though. Doesn't seem like it. On the other hand, it's been many years since I did any differential calculus ☺️
@@konstantin.v I've just finished school and I can tell you that the equations that I understand which are in this video are related to the N-body problem or more generally to the gravitational interaction between bodies. Therefore I think the other ones are related to it as well.
@netflix please keep up the great work. Take as long as you need, please make the entire series good!
It's the same problem that we have in cartography trying to measure a coastline. If your measurements are precise enough, the length of each coastline is infinite. Two bodies can reduce the distance between them by 50% infinitely without ever touching. Mathematics can't adequately represent human perception and intuition, for better or worse.
Who's here after watching Netflix's 3 Body Problem?
Was searching it for Netflix...now this😅.
Guilty
I'm here because I'm planning to watch the show
Me and this video didnt help me 😂
Me
All the new comments being here cos of the Netflix show, and the video recommending the book that the show is based off of at the end… what a full circle moment 🙂↕️😌😄
All three books in the series are excellent. Even the unofficial fourth book "The Redemption of Time", a work of fan fiction, is a terrific read.
This book is incredible!!
Tencent in China has released their adaptation of the book for television called Three Body, while Netflix will release its version called 3 Body Problem in January 2024.
3:54 I wonder how flat-earthers will formulate their own space travel, if the Earth is flat; if other celestial bodies are flat; etc..
They believe we cannot go to space
@@iandrsaurri625 Well that is a whole different can of worms. This is news to me. I remember however, there was a rapper who is trying to fund a space craft mission to make a proper observation of the flat Earth. Forgot his name; I guess there are some tthat have different ways of the debate.
They do not believe other astronomical bodies are flat, just Earth.
@@andrewscott7728 This is really confusing, now. They really have a flat bias against Earth.
Thank you very much for doing the animation in dark mode.
the end is the best!
I'm reading the three body problem(fiction) and then this is recommended. Love it.
The Trisolarians would tell you exactly how this Three-body problem ruined their planet! Thanks Ted-Ed for the book rec, as soon as I saw the video my mind flashed back to Liu Cixin’s trilogy.
It’s the animations for me. I’m intrigued !
How accurately or precisely are you ‘measuring’ or calculating the point of a center of mass for two gravitational masses
Who is here after watching the Netflix series?
Meeee lol iove science
Me, lol. Didnt expected someone would cmnt this way.
I'm blown away. I want to learn more
Lol🎉
Me
Thanks to this, watching this every night helps me sleep better now 😁
This was actually really interesting. Goes to show that what we perceive as stable isn’t as stable as we think. That’s awesome. I had no idea that calculating the forces of 3 or more bodies was so difficult, I’ve only had physics II so far, but maybe I’ll get there one day.
Very fascinating, honestly a reminder of how far we have come and how far we have to go. But on the topic of that experiment, I don’t think that we are unstable, or that insane unforeseen possible endings are so close to being real. I think that if it we were in a universe where Mercury was less than a millimeter away, we would have needed a whole completely different series of events for that to happen, from the beginning of our solar system, to our universe, to the beginning of time, in a way that it is and was physically impossible to reach that ending, that there was no way that Mercury could be 1 millimeter different, because if that were true the laws of physics would have had to be different, fate of cause and fate of circumstance in our universe seemingly with endless varieties but truly only one; the only reason we perceive free will and change is because of our limited perception of time and the respectively infinite amount of variables that go into every event of time.
" I don’t think " But thats the thing, just because you think it doesnt make it true. We dont know the future, and there are restrictions to what we can know. While its highly unlikley anything would happen(during out lifetime), be certain that it can. "the only reason we perceive free will and change is because of our limited perception of time and the respectively infinite amount of variables that go into every event of time" For free will, I am certain the major factor is the illusion of choice. As for change, what sort of change are we talking about, I change my underwere atleast twice daily but I'm guessing thats not what you mean.
Pleased that some one has the courage to question this one sided presentation! 😎
I strongly suggest the novel "The Three-Body Problem",it changes my world view and makes me recognize how small are we in this giant universe
Have you ever been to( if moon were a pixel website), universe is mosty empty
I have no idea what to do with the information I just received nor do I have the brain capacity to even begin to understand it. But thanks for these videos, I love them.
Been playing around with Universe Sandbox for the past 15 years or so and you can definitely explore these things. My recent sim is adding a sun like star 1 AU from the sun and seeing what happens. So far after a few months, ice caps have melted, Venus is being yeeted out of the solar system and Mars has carbon dioxide oceans. I highly recommend Universe Sandbox if you enjoy planetary and gravitational simulations.
now i can get a Harvard degree without going to Harvard
Watch Ted Ed
Coursera or Edx
Break into a Harvard graduates home, take the degree, run away. Done =D
Lol
This is an excellent video for anyone interested or trying to understand the issues with the problems presented. Great video! Not convoluted, stays on point and explains the issues perfectly
I love the gravity "games" moons of Saturn play with each other. This too is a variant of the three-body problem, where one body is much much heavier than the other two. The radio of their orbits and the times they take for full revolution are proportional to each other in the exact same way as was described by Pythagoras thousands of years ago. The music of the spheres.
Reminds me of the book "Chaos", regarding the chaos theory. It comes down to just too many variables acting on systems to ever be predictable.
Alright. I think it's time we paused and appreciate the animators, script writers, research team and the Ted ed community for making great videos and living up to the bar they've set for educational and information channels.