Something Strange Happens When You Follow Einstein's Math
Einstein was wrong about black holes, what else? Use code veritasium at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: incogni.com/veritasium
A massive thank you to Prof. Geraint F. Lewis and Prof. Juan Maldacena for their expertise and help with this video.
A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complicated topic: Dr. Suddhasattwa Brahma, Prof. Carlo Rovelli, Dr. Hal Haggard, Prof. Martin Bojowald, Dr. Francesca Vidotto, Prof. Andrew Hamilton, and Dr. Carl-Fredrik Nyberg Brodda.
A special thanks to Alessandro Roussel from ScienceClic for his spectacular simulations and feedback on the video. Check out his channel here: ve42.co/ScienceClic
An excellent book on this topic and an inspiration for this video: Cox, B., & Forshaw, J. (2023). Black holes: the key to understanding the universe.
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Join us on Patreon to watch an exclusive bonus video that expands on the topic of white holes ve42.co/PatreonDE
Patrons: Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Bill Linder, Blake Byers, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, I. H., John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Martin, Matthias Wrobel, Max Paladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, Toni , TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - ve42.co/SnatomsV
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References:
Thorne, K. (1995). Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy.
Relativity Playlist by ScienceClic - ve42.co/SCPlaylist
Hamilton, A. J. S. (2021). General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology - ve42.co/Hamilton2021
Black Hole Events by PBS Space Time - • Do Events Inside Black...
Newton’s Letters via The Newton Project - ve42.co/NewtonMail
Einstein, A. (1915). Die feldgleichungen der gravitation. - ve42.co/Einstein1915
Why Time and Space Swap by ScienceClic - • Why Time and Space swa...
Schwarzschild, K. (1916). Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie. - ve42.co/Schwarzschild1916
Wali, K. C. (1982). Chandrasekhar vs. Eddington-an unanticipated confrontation. - ve42.co/Wali1982
How to Build a Black Hole by PBS Space Time - • How to Build a Black Hole
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Volkoff, G. M. (1939). On massive neutron cores. - ve42.co/TOVLimit
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Snyder, H. (1939). On continued gravitational contraction. - ve42.co/Oppenheimer1939
Schwarzschild Geometry by Andrew Hamilton - ve42.co/SchwarzGeom
Why all world maps are wrong by Vox - • Why all world maps are...
Hamilton, A. J., & Lisle, J. P. (2008). The river model of black holes. - ve42.co/HamiltonLisle2008
Mapping The Multiverse by PBS Space Time - • Mapping the Multiverse
Rotating black hole via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiRBH
Wormhole Travel by PBS Space Time - • Will Wormholes Allow F...
Morris, M. S., & Thorne, K. S. (1988). Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel. - ve42.co/MorrisThorne1988
Images & Video:
D3 Geo Projection Library by Mike Bostock ve42.co/d3geo
Interrupted Maps by Jason Davies ve42.co/DaviesMaps
Kazmierczak, J. et al. (2021). NASA’s NICER Tests Matter’s Limits. - ve42.co/NasaNICER
Bridgman, T. et al. (2024). M5.1 flare 'Double Whammy', at Active Regions 13559 and 13561. NASA SVS. - ve42.co/NasaFlare
Schnittman, J. et al. (2019). Black Hole Accretion Disk Visualization. - ve42.co/NasaAccrDisk
Wiessinger, S. et al. (2020). A Decade of Sun. NASA SVS. - ve42.co/NasaSunDecade
Skelly, C. et al. (2017). What is a Neutron Star? NASA SVS. - ve42.co/NasaNeutron
What would we see if we fell into a black hole by ScienceClic - • What would we see if w...
Earth texture - ve42.co/NASAEarth
First image of Sgr A* - ve42.co/EHT1
Image of M87 - ve42.co/EHT2
Polarized light image of Sgr A* - ve42.co/EHT3
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Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller and Will Wood
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Mike Radjabov, David Szakaly, Jonny Hyman, and Alessandro Roussel
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller
Additional research by Gregor Čavlović
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Will Wood, Giovanna Utichi, Rob Beasley Spence, Gregor Čavlović, and Emily Taylor
Thumbnail contributions by Jakub Misiek, Ren Hurley and Peter Sheppard
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks, and NASA SVS
Music from Epidemic Sound
If you want to pull your data out of a black hole of data brokers, then head to incogni.com/veritasium and use code veritasium to get 60% off an annual plan.
Hello veritasium
What you're seeing in your thumbnail is a cross-section of a torrid on one side of the singularity of the toroid time Flows In Reverse and on the other side it flows regular this is the shape of the universe and we observe a flat universe because we are not the fundamental dimension of space and we have proof of Singularity inside of a convex or concave mirror and also inside of magnetism which is also a toroid with opposite spinning toroidal flows
this comment is strangely old
make a video about strange ocean stuff like the bloop. (The bloop is debunked but there's possibly even stranger unsolved mysteries)
If black hole is there , there must be somewhere like an exit so is that exit Past or some parallel universe?
Redbull will be the first to cover someone going through a singularity
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Underrated 😂
On the worlds most advanced GoPro, no less
@@Merlin_KZhead Galaxy most advance GoPro*
and the footage will be relayed back by Starlink
this is why u shouldn't divide by 0
You know what? I'm going to start dividing by 0 even harder
You can if you want.
@@tarferiDon’t be a Zero…
@@tarferiyou scare me
How many 0s does it take to get to center of a singularity?
"he looks back at you, shaking his fist at a constant rate" something only a physicist would say
lol I was thinking the same thing
I was thinking about something else:)
@@blaeksI was thinking about u😈😈🔥🗣🐐🧑🏿🦲
@@averageracist_219Yikes
Picture a spherical fist....
I rarely leave comments, but I have to say, the incredible effort you've poured into this video is absolutely astonishing. Your ability to explain Einstein's complex equations with such clarity and engagement is a testament to your years of dedication and the deep insights you gained during your PhD research on effective science education. The stunning graphics and your compelling presentation style kept me captivated throughout the entire video. This work brilliantly showcases your passion and the extensive journey you've undertaken to make challenging topics accessible and enthralling for everyone. Amazing job, Derek!!! 👍🏽
Excellent review for this video. So well stated, that I couldn't help but think that you would be great at writing reviews for companies. You could sell just about any company, with your eloquent way of speaking on a subject. Outstanding!!
@@GG-vv1zq Thank you for your kind words. I am unsure who would pay for my reviews lol but I am glad my approach resonated with you :)
what about melody ship
This comment right here golden
YES! us plebians really appreciate your time and effort to edumacate us!
Once you get so far into math, the math doesn’t even look like math anymore
then you need meth to understand math
You don’t even need to go far tbh lol
omg, this stuff is so practical compared to, say, category theory.
@@danyaproudstudent lol me asf
Math ain't Mathing
Insane that you’ve kept 6.3 million people watching so far (after 5 days) and gotten to #1 on trending with a math heavy video with the word math in the title. It’s an educational KZheadr master class
Yeah math and topics like this are dope, shouldn’t be a surprise
Also a visualization master class. Visualizing this in this way made it understandable for people with no math affinity.
Many things help: Eistein still have a stardom fame in popular imagination, and then the title also lures with Strange - and something... something what? A weird/exotic/strange mistery around einsteins greatest work. Then that vagueness of the title +mistery +strange can also allude to way more things- like what if its alluding to something wrong or something shattering... Sadly the kind of public interest (even more so for education) we ideally need would be one where this kind of view count would be in a video called 'the fascinating math of eistein' wich just doesnt happen
I have a severe math disability, and I'm still invested despite not knowing a single thing going on 😭🙏
@@BigDamCentral It's a surprise because of the algorithm, not because of the content
It's amazing how you can see the passion and bliss in the faces of these mathematicians when they're talking about something they truly love.
The way he purposely misleads the answer to his own question to purposely force your brain into countering it just to properly answer it the exact way you were originally thinking about it to then add new PROPER information onto the way you were already thinking about it to begin with, so you spiral into correlating past random thoughts that directly relate to the EXACT new points that he brings up is just perfect. Its like im being forced to use past knowledge and experiences to genuinely take in and learn the new information in a way ive never felt before.
You might be a genius.
The transition to Penrose diagram was one of the smoothest I’ve ever seen. Never understood it until now
Clearly 👍
Goosebumps
Penrose Diagram jumpscare
I'm just a regular guy who wasn't exceptionally bright at maths or physics in school, my field of work is nowhere near astrophysics or something like that. I just like Veritasium, PBS Spacetime and Isaac Arthur's channels, and this was the first time I actually got to kinda make sense of all this stuff.
314 likes but I destroyed it.
As a german, I'm still stunned how a person with the name "Schwarzschild" could predict the radius of a black hole. It's such an unbelievable semantic coincident, as it basically is translated to "Blackshield"... Feels very weird hearing this, as I couldn't imagine a better word describing this phenomenon.
Simulation confirmed - lore designers got lazy with the naming conventions
superior beings were like "this humans are dumb, lets create somebody who can actually solve it, I've got a perfect name"
😳😱🤯
Yeah, and the poynting vector is the vector, pointing to the energy flux. Rayleigh scatter scribes the scatter of a light ray. It's a pitty Amalie Noether didn't proved that there is no ether in spacetime. Nomen est omen!
i thought the same thing! very certain Schwarzschild already visited it and came back and changed his name, or, he actually came from another universe. ooooooooooooh
"Why can't we have two?" That's how it all starts and eventually you see yourself standing in line at a DMV in another universe applying for a license to drive cars backwards.
Or does the DMV wait in line to give you a license?
@@divinecomedian2 In that parallel universe it does.
@@HarpreetBedi01 LOL a DMV giving you license to drive it backwards sounds like a bad marriage
@@analyticphil8621 How “univercist” of you. To that universe we might be bad lol.
Love this. Also, nothing says, "this is a math video" as much as, "your nemesis looks back at you, shaking his fist AT A CONSTANT RATE" 😅😅😅
It's an amazing coincidence that the event horizon acts as a kind of "black shield", shielding the events inside from the outside world, and "black shield" is literally what "Schwarzschild" means in german.
Ayo...
Extremely big language coincidence. Like how could this happen. He didn't choose his last name or anything.
E
Dude is that actually true? That's WILD
@@austinhixson625 Yeah like this a thing I would tell my future grandchildren.
"This is the simplest solution to the Einstein field equations and it already contains a black hole, a white hole and two universes" Great line.
Glory to me, the 100th like.
No bc when I was thinking of what would happen if you went inside a black hole that's spinning, before he showed us the answer, I was like "crosses into another universe through a white hole right?" But I realised it wasn't possible. Til that reveal at the end, to be fair I think anyone would've guessed that but still 😭
And spinning at that!
Glory hole
@@tabhorianAND A THEORY AT THAT.
As a science enthusiast , I have come across these terms white holes , black holes , wormholes , Einstein Rosen bridge etc many times and wondered about their origin. I sincerely thank "Veritasium" for compiling this beautiful video that actually sheds light on the origin of these concepts briefly but, deeply. Thanks a lot !
Schwarzschild is probably the most epic example of nomen est omen. For those that don't speak German his name translates to black shield
The graphics in your latest videos top most any scientific graphics that exist on the internet. It is very hard to make graphics that are both accurate and understandable. Very well done
Well I think you should see scienceclic english.
What do you think about this graphics? 😂 And most important about an idea that black/white holes are just viewer position perspective? Viewer outside: black hole (material flow in) . -- ~~~ -- . .-~ ~-. / Viewer \ / inside: \ material flow | white < < < |< < < < < | hole < < < |< < < < < | < < < |< < < < < \ material flows / \ from / `-. everywhere .-' ~- . _ . -~ White hole by definition is a "surface" where anything can only fly out of it and nothing can fall in/reach it. So when someone outside of black hole he just see like everything fall in and disappears. But when he fall in he see material can only fly out of that same "surface" he just pass through. And nothing can reach it back. Then that is a "white hole" now. How do find this idea? :)
@@Isusia not completely true & not completely false cause you just might be right & wrong at the very same time...friend
@@hector4913Well you can't really label his hypothesis true/false either seeing as *_all_* theories on black/white hole physics are simply unproven hypothesis based on hypothetical possibilities and thus are *equally* possible of being "true" _regardless_ of how "supported/unsupported" they are due to the amount of *_direct_*_ observation/ _*_objective_*_ data_ which we base these hypothesis on being *none* precisely lmao 💯👍
It's awesome to see another of my *favorite channels* for demonstrations of science concepts here‼️ The viewers *_want & need_* an ActionLab/Veritasium collaboration 💯
I fully expect a “37” Easter egg in every video from now on
I NOTICED THAT
And notice the episode is 37 minutes long too
yeah, me too!
like at 1:14
@@nightelfmohawk9821 👀
The difference between the math of a static black hole and the rotating one !!! Jeezzz. I found this video very enlightening. Due to the visualization in your graphs it was the first time in my life I could understands more of black holes then the simple concept “if you fall in you never get out, including light”. The use of shifting grids in the visualization is brilliant. I will save this video, so if ever needed I can share it.
I was closely following the explanation, then the spin was like "Think ya smart? Watch this!"
7:43 I was deeply invested at this point of the video during a track meet with captions on and my device muted And when the captions say (gunshots firing) a starting gunshot fired outside and I had to double take that
Seriously, who needs Netflix when you have amazing content like this Veritasium channel on KZhead?
I can watch videos like this all day, and not even want to pause. Utterly fascinating.
@@aldunlop4622unless they start to teach how to solve all those math equations 😂
They serve different purposes.
This comment made me look at his number of subscribers, and holy sh*t that's a big number, faith in humanity restored.
the glaze is crazy
This is probably the hardest thing about math. When you get this deep into math in college, it all becomes just numbers, variables, expressions, and equations. Things start to remove themselves from a tangible way of understanding. Breaking it down like this so all of it can be consumed and comprehended in such a simple fashion while still being awe-inspiring is the most astounding things that people can do in STEM fields. People explaining an entire field like this in such a tangible fashion is so important and hard to come by.
math become deep, it remove the number with symbol and words
math hard, remove number, make easy
@@NinetyUnderScore 😂😂😂
This is why we need Human artists.
The human effort to try to understand infinity while simultaneously trying to ignore that it exsts is amusing but also very fitting considering the nature of infinity.
Here I am terrified of black holes, but in a parallel universe, I’m even more terrified of white holes that are constantly, violently, and randomly throwing matter in every direction.
Oh, you better run, boy🫵
I love seeing you film the interviewee at about the 15 minutes mark. It shows transparency and integrity, and allows me to peak behind the film-making curtain.
*peek And no, it‘s a stupid piece of theatrics
I see a lot of smart physicists and astrophysicists in the comments being blown away by explaining and visualizing the diagrams, but I am just a regular guy who works in marketing and is simply fascinated by this stuff. I don't understand nearly as much as was intended for me in these videos, but I am infinitely grateful that I can still get something as complicated as this thanks to your impeccable delivery of information. Thanks Veritasium!
same sir, I'm just 16 and i too am fascinated by stuff like these I like veritasium as he has videos that's understandable by someone like me too lol
@@goodshiro10 You can still choose to follow physics in college if you want. That was the career I wanted to follow when I was young, and ended up in law haha
How do I get into marketing I’ve been really interested
Starting astrophysics in college next year because of creators like this. Amazing what people can do.
@@enzobg2163 I would like to live happy and wealthy, which doesn't rhyme with physics
Every single minute of this documentary was surreal.
That's because it's false
@@Sir_Loin_ Explain?
Its fun that a KZhead video can educate me and make me feel like a dumb monkey at the same time
@@raider_cz1946He probably thinks the earth is flat.
@@BroadHobbyProjects And you probably drool and clap at everything you see without forming an opinion. Not everyone agrees with some theories and not everyone needs to.
This is by far the most fascinating thing I have ever seen. So many terms and physics expressions now all of a sudden make so much sense. Brilliant higher physics for "dummies". Thank you so much! Now please somebody make some good sci fi movies with proper black hole visuals and mechanics
This is amazing! Very good animated and the way Veritasium could be hyper technician and explain for dummies like me, it's awesome. We need more like this one.
Fun fact as fellow artilleryman, when calculating ballistic trajectories you start by pretending there is nothing in a flat 2-d universe except the howitzer, the round, and a constant 'down'-word acceleration. From that start point of the "standard" world, you then add corrections for every error, wind speed/direction/density, humidity, your distance from the equator, the rotation of the earth, wether [sic] you're firing with or against that rotation, the weight of the round, air temperature, and most anything else that could effect any part of the round traveling. It makes logical sense to me that Schwartzchild would take a similarly empty starting approach to solve Einstein's equations.
how many did you hit.
@@trrrmac I've never missed? Missing is pretty uncommon in the US. The math is surprisingly detailed, facilitated by hundreds of reference pages of raw reference data and simple/repeatable step-by-step reference sheets you use everytime all to make sure the round goes where you were asked to put it. 🤣 Not the most fun thing thing to do manually, but it works! Plus, we have a few computer systems we use as the primary means to do the math once we're out of training which helps dramatically!
@@trrrmac A conventional unguided M549A1 155 mm artillery projectile has a circular error probable (CEP) of 267 m (876 ft) at its maximum range, meaning that half of the rounds can be expected to land within 267 m (876 ft) of their intended target. The lethal radius of a typical 155mm round is about 50m, but fragments can extend well beyond that for "soft" targets (i.e. humans, light vehicles like unarmored trucks, etc.). So a "hit" depends on a lot of factors, not the least of which is what you're trying to hit. Troops in the open? 50m away is likely lethal to them. A tank? Unless you hit it directly, you're probably not even damaging it. A bunker? Not only must you hit it, but you must penetrate it.
This is the common approach to basically any problem that applies mathematical theory to the physical world.
Not just a run-of-the-mill grunt... They're grunts who are good at ballistics and calculus 😂🎉 thanks for your service!
Veritasium has a knack for explaining intense astrophysics in a somewhat understandable manner to us laymen.
he has a PhD in Physics Education so theres that.
wait.... you could understand the video?
@@AriefAsakura not really but definitely moreso that some random lecture or textbook. It was still entertaining though
But if you want real deep astrophysics explanations with calculus equations and theoretical physics, go see Matt @ PBS Spacetime! I could barely keep up!
@@AriefAsakura it was pretty simple
31:09 The thing is, singularity is a point and points cant spin so it is now kind of a ring-ularity which infinitely thin but must have some sort of radius and the radius must be different to different blackholes. This creates a whole new way of finding out about blackholes and we can also theorize that the radius of singularity must be proportional to something(maybe size of original star , size of blackhole , its mass , its age , its angular speed or maybe something else) , but i have no way of knowing or theorizing this as i am only a high-school student.
Points can spin though. Their angular velocity vectors are not dependent on its physical size.
@@kg4boj But how will a 0 dimensional thing spin in 2 dimensions?
@beastsapien4470 Technically it's a 0 dimensional thing in 3 dimensional (at least) space. You have a definite location but it's infinitesimally small, but you can still move it left right up down or back and forth in 3d space just the same as you can rotate it around any of those 3 axies
@beastsapien4470 Another way of thinking about it is that even though it is an infinitesimal small point it still has mass and things being squeezed into that point, and if that matter is rotating it's angular momentum must be conserved, and thus the singularity spins and twists up space time around it's rotational axis.
@@kg4boj damn I realised it just now
This video made me further appreciate Breaking Bad. The description of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (from 10:20-10:35) is a perfect description of how Walter White becomes Heisenberg. "As the particles become more and more constrained in space, the uncertainty in their momentum, and hence their velocity must go up." What a fantastic show!
I got mind blown when Prof. Geraint F. Lewis said at 26:58 "This is the simplest solution to the Einstein field equations and it already contains a black hole, white hole and two universes".
This may open the possibility of things which are beyond our comprehension.
@@vedantchourey7362 Or maybe... and this _maybe a _*_big_* if... *_just_* inside it! I'm hoping it is, tbh.
This progression of complexity is pretty common in physics. We use differential equations to describe how the Universe works. Thos differential equations can go from trivially easy to solve to a five minute exercise to a real headache to literally impossible to solve by just adding one term for each step. Einstein's equations are a set of 11 differential equations all coupled together, its a miracle we have any solutions at all
@@ironhorse492 bruteforce ftw?
22:38 . "Now your entire future is in blackhole." Most relatable line ever.
Underrated comment xD
Time adapts to us and physical objects. We physical objects do Not adapt to time. The physical drives all other forces.
I came looking for this comment. Wasn't disappointed. Haha
@@judgeaileencannon9607 Space/physical exists because of time. Not the other way around.
Zoomer
Amazing! An excellently crafted narrative arc. Thank you. Now . . . in theory there could be non-rotating black holes, but in practice there must always be some angular momentum to such an object, even if it's very small right? So then a question could be: What is the minimum angular momentum that would result in a sufficiently large space-time radius of a singularity to be, (a) observable, and (b) traversable?
Heckin' fast!
This is an incredible video. I’ve never understood these concepts as well as I do now. I’ve heard these things but never understood the “math”. You are very gifted in explaining insanely mind bending topics in a digestible way for mere mortals like myself. And this video is free! Incredible.
"Hey there's the southern hemisphere" "Also there're 2 earths" gets me 😂
It made me snort :(
My parents said if I reach 10k, they'd buy me a professional camera for recording... Pls guys Im literally begging you!.
Just keep ignoring us, we'll be whats left after the nukes.
Timestamp?
@@kronasdese26:28
this is the kind of veritasium videos i live for. complex enough to make me feel a lost, but with a clear thread of intuition running through it that makes me feel like I understand what's going on. def watching this a 100 more times
it's exactly what I felt...or this just might be one his best videos ever produced 🤩!!!
Frr, he explained it in such a way where I grasp the concept/bigger picture, just not the details, and I haven't even studied calculus yet 💀💀
White holes are better than black holes!
You’d love Floathead Physics.
Lol, it's very complex indeed. Complexity that requires a lot of studying. Then again there's a point where even the experts can't have a consensus anymore.
Couldn't help but feel like I was watching one of those science documentaries on TV back in the day. Outstanding work!
You have poured your sweat and blood in this video, finally we've a video which explains how the other end of black hole is a white hole and how ringularity allows you to not only escape a black hole but also steppping into a new universe , this whole concept is way ahead of time and TYSM for making it awailable to a Laymen , I have deep admiration and love for you and your content . Live long and Prosper !
I love how the PhD’s say “the mathematic equation is quite simple really.” I needed every second of this video to just grasp the idea behind it.
Is this basic class of physics students?
Everything is simple once you know how. And Once people know how, they tend to forget how complicated it felt at first
Be proud of yourself. I rewatched every second of the video multiple times and i still dont think i even grasp the idea. @gunsandgranola7262
@@skydivenext Nope... you only begin to study general relativity during your master degree, at least here in Italy
@@matteobenvestito9537 then is veritasium genius?
37 minutes long on purpose? veritasium you naughty boy
37th like
oh, reference to an earlier video. I thought the maximum time a StarGate can kept open xD But this would be 38 ;)
@MartinPrinzler 37 minutes ago
@@mindtricks4761 I missed by 1 min
I like it 😂
25:12 “The only downside is that we both soon end up in the singularity” I’m pretty sure you’ve got more to worry about at the singularity of a black hole than your doppelgänger. Love this video though! I may have to watch 10 more times to understand, but I’m almost there
28:15 Juan Maldacena, discoverer of the AdS/CFT correspondence! His paper, first published in 1997, has more than 20000 citations by now. It's such a pleasure listening to him talk about physics.
36:38 Pippin - "We have one universe, yes, but what about second universe?" Merry - "Don't think he knows about second universe, Pip."
Winnie: But I Want More! 😂
@@bozhidarmihaylovno this is a lord of the rings fellowship of the rings reference
best comment
Relativity as per J.R.R.Tolkein
No, no, the Big one. Big one!
2015: The earth is actually flat. 2025: Okay, the earth is round, but the southern hemisphere doesn't exist.
The earth is partially flat now, and Australia and Brazil disappear. Everyone's happy.
2035: so we have all the hemisphere's, but Antarctica is a ring around the planet
Flat Earthers believe Australia doesn't exist. Maybe they were right all along 😱😱
The Earth is flat, but the spacetime is curved around it to make it round :D
I mean in the west people do act like the global south doesn’t exist lol
Excellent. I was able to understand a few concepts that I have heard about for decades - now I get it. Thank you. Great video.
I love the waterfall analogy because supercritical (fast) and subcritical (slow) flow in rivers are separated by a critical singularity in a waterfall. Surface waves (such as the ones a pebble would make) can never go up if they are downstream of the critical point, but propagate up and down in slow flow.
I’m so astonished and impressed at how smart some people are. The fact that guy mathematically said there are black holes before we knew about them is insane.
Right? I just cant fathom this
And even before Einstein, some people theorized about black holes.
@@hyefedayi5446 What a very strange comment. It is possible for him to be an utter genius when it came to physics and mathematics, while simultaneously holding horrible racist and misogynistic views. Many "great" people in history held views we would today find totally despicable. Apparently, Isaac Newton was a deeply unpleasant person. It doesn't mean we should discount his work. It also doesn't mean that his unpleasantness was somehow a virtuous thing because of his ground-breaking work, likewise Einstein's racism is not somehow vindicated by his scientific endeavours.
@@hyefedayi5446you do know there are claims that many of his pattents and works are plagerized? There are claims he was pushed to that position for political reason, rather then his achievments in physics. God knows best, but that does seem to be possible truth.
@@hyefedayi5446 Everyone has strengths and weaknesses. I'm sure that you know a lot about one topic but are ignorant about others. The same applies to Einstein. That's why we should always have an open mind and be willing to learn from each other.
Those diagrams must be wrong, they fail to picture a library inside a kid's room.
fantastic reference
MURPH!
But they did able to picture a stick figure adventure into a black hole and entering the wormhole that goes to other universe
Wait what's the reference?
@@MrThrifty1to the movie Interstellar
This was an amazingly well put together and explained video that I've come across in the subject! Just what I needed to mull over my morning coffee 😁
After watching this video, I have 3 questions: 1. Has anyone ever observed a white hole, if so, how? If not, where should we be looking to observe the white hole? 2. Are we living in a white hole, or the aftermath of one, or is space time itself a white hole as it is always expelling tine. 3. What if when you travel into a black hole, and get expelled through the white hole, the universe you end up in is always the same universe? Making the white hole you come out of dump you out off it some predetermined or controllable stellar coordinates. (Worm Hole). And the parralel universe is just some insnanely far off distance in the same universe. Amazing video, and what a way to really get the mind thinking!
Insane that an educational video got to #2 on the overall trending page, goes to show how amazing this channel is
Some of the best content on all of KZhead
also how amazing 4 million people who watched this are
In just 10h.
Popularity doesnt equal quality, mate.
@@danfromtheburgh its quality
Full respect for dancing on the line between „ohhhh that is how that works“ and „I have no idea what they are talking about…“
Never mind… it has been 5 more minutes and I am firmly in „I have no idea what they are talking about…“ Still very entertaining
LMAOOOOOOO, I'm still just sure about few things said here, yet unsure about all the maths and the diagram which was shown at last about wormholes
Did you know that you can use the same character for opening and closing quotes “”??
@@cslack813 Hell, I didn't even know that character EXISTED. :-) Can I assume it is just a double comma? It makes me wonder if that is the way quotes work in some language other than English. Also, just because one question mark is good doesn't mean two are better (just kidding).
You are just on the event horizon of not/understanding it 😀
This is the best, complete yet most simple explanation that I've seen on black holes and white holes. Unbelievable work. Thank you for that.
I'm no astrophysicist, but it seems more plausible that instead of an infinite tiling of black holes and universes, there is instead a wrap-around and the plane should be more torus shaped.
Man, the animation is totally world class. Nothing unnecessarily elaborate, but just enough to tell the story. Derek is not a youtuber, he’s an educator who uses youtube as his platform.
Only this dude can keep me watching a video for 40 minutes that I understand 0% of. Great stuff
@@adammiller161 😂😂😂
@@adammiller161 Um actually it's 37 minutes (easter egg?)
Agreed.
True, videos like these have such value for visualization even for people already deep their STEM fields. This is why it's sad there was that whole movement done by internet elitists to try and make Veritasium out to be a fraud because of that one electricity video that caused confusion. Mob mentality really sucks.
The brilliance of the people who figured this stuff out is staggering. That Einstein guy truly was pretty smart.
It's also a lot of bloody hard work.
i like newton...you like fruit (ice cube 22 jump street line)
people continue to underestimate the term "a life's work" dude literally spent his entire existence on it and also had the enough intelligence to keep going. yes.
@@headspace8410 Einstein came up with General and Special Relativity while he was young.
What's really fascinating here is that we can predict the universe with math. Like did we invent math or discover it?
That's really interesting, thank you. Btw, there's a small error in English subtitles at 35:52 - "is really against the loss of physics, so it's," should be "is really against the laws of physics..." - which makes more sense.
Thank you so much for making this video! Your visualizations allowed me to understand the thought process and connection between the math and the physical theory. Ive loved your channel ever since I found it. Thank you so much for everything you do!
As someone with a bachelors of science and physics who has studied general relativity, this is an absolutely phenomenal video; it is arguably one of the most amazing videos on this channel. Derek, you have absolutely outdone yourself! This video finds a way to communicate some of the most complex topics in all of Physics in a way that anyone can understand, many hats off to you!
Physics scares me 😨 this is why I take chemistry
@@TamWam_ You'll learn much more about your reality with chemistry, than you ever will from these Jesuit spawned mathematical models masquerading as science.
I've watched many such videos and there many amazing ones. I think the one by Alex of Astrum is even better than this one (then again Alex is a real physicist, not just a communicator).
All his videos are great. Love this guy
We are like house cats discussing calculus. We can't even imagine. We throw words around that we can understand, but we don't have brains that can comprehend.
It's kinda crazy that math can predict the existence of such things without us first actually seeing them.
Yeah my mom used to count to 3.... and I knew after 3 there was an ass-whoopin'.
I was very fascinated when i first heard how, the stats of frequency and wavelength etc of any tune can give us the length of the string it came from and type of instrument it came from. So suppose you've never actually seen a guitar, you can use math to construct the whole thing on a computer. That's how scientists do a lot of deep space mapping.
@@Scorch428😂😂 👍
Yup, and the cool thing is everything is based around pure logic. Math build on it self and it all comes from simple addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. Then u need to do experiments to see if u where right with your prediction ofcourse but yea its very cool that we can predict these things, and if im not mistaken i think all of Einsteins predictions that we have been able to verify by experiments have turned out to be true…. That man was truly a genious.
math isnt predicting anything we are just finding clues
It's amazing how you can see the passion and bliss in the faces of these mathematicians when they're talking about something they truly love.❤
I’ve always wanted to have a grassroots understanding of how people came up with the parallel universe theory and today you made that dream come true. No complex mathematics, just intuitive explanations. I really appreciate this
"the war treated me kindly enough, in spite of the heavy gunfire, to allow me to get away from it all and take this walk into the land of your ideas" ..... BARS and eloquence.
I'm glad he didn't get killed by a stay explosion
@@solidoxygen7873 agreed, that would have really sucked
@@richtigmann1like a black hole
The war has treated me kindly enough In spite of the, like, gunfire and stuff To allow me to get away from all this malice To allow me a walk inside of your mind palace
@@NickGreyden *+*
Opened this thinking "ok black holes are well-trodden youtube material and PBS Spacetime has been crushing it on the science explainers," and what could this possibly add? Then there's this coherent, beautifully structured and produced, 37-minute-video-that-feels-18-minutes long that is a masterwork of both passion and competence for teaching. It makes NdGT seem unapproachable in comparison. Awesome
Woah, I honestly wouldn't have realized this was 37 minutes long if it wasn't for your comment.
NdGT catching strays
PBS Spacetime did a good job explaining it as well. They split it up across a few videos to get more into the weeds, though. This was a good high level overview.
Well spoken, comrad
My hope is that this video leads curious people and bridges them over to channels like PBS spacetime that dive deeper into these subjects.
my professor once introduced me a concept of what if we calculate time as space itself. you see here on Earth we always calculate space and time as a different variable, how much time do it takes to go from here to there, that's always happend right? so he came up with this concept of calculating time and space as a single variable, so basically time is space itself. with this concept in mind, I remember he was trying to simplified Einstein's theory of relativity, but I don't think I've seen the finished equations of that tho'. but honestly, with this concept, those 2D diagrams (x and time variable), that always become our sort of "boundary", can be simplified and we can add more "dimensions" to the diagram.
At 5:42 the usual definition of spacetime interval should be ds^2 = -c^2.dt^2 + dx^2, except if you take a particular unit of time (equal to 10/3 ns) for which c=1 metre/unit.
I've taken just enough math that I BARELY understand what they're saying and my mind is absolutely blown. This. Is. INCREDIBLE.
There was math in this video?
@@michaelcherokee8906 Everything shown in this video was math
@@sorteskyer Shown? You mean you actually WATCH videos still?
Fantastic video as always! Very glad I could participate 🙏
hard to understand the scienceclic videos but this makes more sense
Ive seen a few of your videos,they are absolutely good and your editing levels are top notch too!
I've been subbed for a while, as soon as I saw the Astronaut POV clip I knew it was you, congrats on the collab!
Sa m'a étonné quand j'ai entendu ton nom dans la vidéo XD
@@yoloboogie3674I disagree. I think ScienceClic has some of the best explanations in science
Thank you for your video. It explained in detail what I needed and was researching
this video gives me a lot of hhope for understanding the universe. and then terms like 'tidal forces' and 'superheated accretion disc' dampen the spirits
I love all the anecdotes from history of famous scientists basically saying "Yeah theoretically maybe but there's no way that actually exists, no sane man would believe it, it's absurd. And the video is about worm holes and parallel universes.
The only possible journey one can have at the moment 😊
"When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong." - Arthur C Clarke.
@@undine120 This single quote is one of the best I have seen about science.
@@atomgutan8064It's about the guy who won two Nobel prizes. Linus Pauling.
We are the music makers and the dreamer of dreams
I never expected to learn how Einstein Rosen bridges actually work more than just watching it being referenced in pop culture media as a cheap way to get characters to another space
One thing I’m confused about is, he speaks about anti-universes where gravity pushes rather than pulls. But, in that case, wouldn’t it be impossible for black holes to form? Aren’t black holes essentially wells of inwardly pulling gravity?
@@DarthHoosier3038 I think it would be similar to how white holes are most likely impossible in regular universes
@@DarthHoosier3038 Yes, which is why in an anti-verse white holes would dominate instead of black holes. The mode of travel to a new universe would be the same. Not sure how a ship would react being in such a universe, however. Interesting thought experiment.
@@woodtom14 yeah it takes looking at the anti universe with the same lense as our regular one, the white holes take place of the black holes and black holes take place of the white ones. white ones in the antiverse are not just possible but provable just as our regular black holes there. on the other hand the black holes are "unlikely to exist"
@@BrianWelch-vc7xy You know what would be awesome? 1. Travelling into the Antiverse, 2. get some good ol steel bars with negative density, 3. go back into a normal universe, 4. build custom wormhole back to home. 5. Bring freedom to new planets 6. Profit 😊
It's simply the best explanation/ visualization of both the General Relativity and Quantum Theory I've ever heard.
The graphics you provided make this so easy to understand and visualize. Extraordinary work on this video!
This "37" minute video on black holes might be one of the best educational video to ever exist.
Are you sure it "exists?
36, the ad
37 | 73 12 | 21 (prime ranks) 144 | 441 (prime ranks squared) 37 | 27 | 73 12 | - | 21 37+27+73 = 137 12+21 = 33 (prime rank of 137) Behold the mathematical Trinity ;) 37 -> Your inner world (Red, Thor, Animus, Conscious, Horus) 73 -> Your outer world (Blue, Hel, Anima, Unconscious, Set) 27 -> the observer (Green, Loki, No One, Subconscious, Anubis) 137 -> everything and nothing (White/Black, Odin/Freyja, Self/No Self, No Self/Self, Isis/Osiris) (Check them out geometrically as well, centered hexagonal numbers, star numbers, triangular numbers (makes the "triforce" together), etc) Note, 37 and 73 are hyperbolically mirrored, such that one appears larger from the vantage point of the other, one appears to wrap around the other, until you cross the "event horizon" between them, just like crossing a black hole event horizon, the horizon would wrap around you completely, appearing at first convex, then a perfectly flat infinite plane, and finally concave until the last bit of light directly behind you was gone, and at that point you have "crossed". You would never see yourself pass through, but the inside would become the outside, and the outside would become the inside, going from Spacetime to Timespace.
Absolutely outstanding work. Unbelievable to think that something of this quality can be basically free.
Extremely impressive to convey this high level of a topic in a form that normal people can understand. Thank you for all the effort that was put into this.
"Since the mathematicians have invaded the theory of relativity.... ..... I do not understand it myself anymore" -Albert Einstein
There should be a space between understand and it, Mr. Einstein. Thought you were smart
i mean it makes sense. there never was and never will be any single person who could even try to understand everything. our smol brains are not made to make sense of it all
There's a point at which observation is the best we can do, and intuitive understanding just isn't possible any more.
Because Einstein stole the idea from someone prolly and published as its own.
@@colbyboucher6391 were far past that point. The best we can do now is just math; we are nowhere near testing the very theoretical theories (i.e. string theory which is basically irrelevant nowadays because of how untestable it is)
It's really amazing how a human mind sitting on earth could literally think of this visualize this and bring out all this stuff.
I like to think those that watch and briefly understand the concept of videos like this are the privileged ones. Those who can appreciate the complexity of what's out there. There are millions, if not billions of people out there that have no idea what a black hole is and don't care.
Omg
Its like origami. We fold the physics as much as we can (without tearing it up) to make it understandable which eventually turns into a beautiful object.
@@badboi4lyff And the majority have good reasons not to care. If you need every hour to work-eat-sleep (+ household & care) and survive, you better don't care about this, even if you would have access to youtube. So, you need double privilige for it: education/intelligence and a certain level of wealth. It should be our mission to make more people have this double privilige.
And then potentially share it with every other living human
I once took a “trip” and looked to my left. I saw an infinite number of myself to the left of me in a straight line separated about a foot apart that reflected my past movements about a quarter second apart. I turned to my right and saw the opposite. An infinite amount of my bodies in a line each slightly in the future. It really made me believe that I have already lived that exact moment an infinite amount of times and will continue to experience that exact moment for eternity. Like a permanent imprint on space time itself. I’m convinced we can learn and study about our universe from certain psycho active substances because it completely removes your time perception. Would love to see results professionally documented.
I remember watching science clic's video on visualizing relativity, was so happy to see their depiction here yay!
my man was at the frontlines of war and thought..."after all why not...why not publish physics papers right here and now?" damn...
I know it's a joke but his miracle year was 1905. Germany wasn't at war then(WW1 started in 1914)
I love math because if you discover something, it describes something you can't comprehend - YET.
Or in many instances, ever. Multiverse anyone? (It ain't science)
I guess just because something can be expressed mathematically it doesn't mean it can exist outside of concept. For example I can't have -3 McFlurrys, I could be owed 3 McFlurrys but that is a human concept and doesn't exist physically. 3 McFlurrys can actually physically exist, I can't have -3 McFlurrys sitting in front of me. Damn I want a McFlurry... This video hurt my head.
@@gabrielcoventry4586 but if you eat 3 mcflurries, regret it and throw them up, you have now -3mcflurries within you lol
@@kerolokerokerolo Damn that’s true. Problem is they’re too tasty to regret. I wouldn’t be proud of it but I couldn’t regret it
@@gabrielcoventry4586 Time to do some mathematical research regarding the number of McFlurrys you can have.
Insane that you’ve kept 6.3 million people watching so far (after 5 days) and gotten to #1 on trending with a math heavy video with the word math in the title. It’s an educational KZheadr master class❤
This is why I love physics, just the sheer possibilities and the reminder of how small we are. I wish more people could understand physics so that we could avoid wasting time on wars and instead be amazed by these possibilities together.
My immediate thought upon seeing this is "But all quantum physics is strange". Except for quarks. Only a sixth of those are strange.
Nice. 👏
I thought only 1/6 are strange.
the strange flavor is palpable
One sixth. There are six types of quarks. Only one sixth of them are strange.
@@Kazedor Ah my bad, I didn't count them xD
Math: You can't divide by zero Physics: Dividing by zero produces an einstein rosen bridge in the space time manifold to another universe traversable only if the singularity is spinning
average math nerd vs average physics enjoyer
@@liam78587In this context its actually really funny and makes sense lol
From what I understand I think it's not dividing by absolute zero but something that approaches zero so that's a different thing. You do this all the time in Calculus.
Dammit math nerd😂 I like the Einstein rosen bridge into another universe through the spinning singularity
Me when I compare highschool maths with research level physics
What amazed me more than the real possibility of the existing of multiple universe (I believe they exist already) is that the diagram show in a spectacular way how the big cosmic web may come to existence. And It is AWESOME. 🙂
Thank you for your work and the video. And also for Alessandro Roussel's work !
30:14 This whole motion sequence just blew my mind. I felt like I was the one travelling through it. Phenomenal
Why is it a cardioid shape, not a sphere?
@@MichaelEilers because this black hole is rotating, Veritasium said it right before the time stamp
I hope someone makes a movie with these accurate dimensions (I guess Interstellar is the closest yet)
@@MichaelEilers just as @Kavaitsu said, it is because it's a rotating blackhole, so the centripetal force resulting from it pushes its boundaries outwards from its original spherical shape.
Go check out ScienceClic youtube channel (the one who made the animation). The is one of the best channel here on KZhead. State of the art videos for understanding advanced astronomical concepts. Maybe the best educational channel. He does videos in french, but I know that he now uploads the same videos on a new English equivalent clone channel with English voice explanation.
The theory itself is bonkers, but imagine not only thinking about that in maths, but coming up with it in the first place. Einstein was a freak man.
and somehow parts of it worked... now we ll solved it some more and maybe it becomes "sensible again"
He didn't come up with it he discovered it
@@Manhunternew he did infact invent it. Its like saying people discovered languages and saying i discovered the word for orange.
Einstein built his work on the backs of previous physicists, it wasn't like he pulled everything out of thin air pal
@@Phoenix80675 No it isn't. Language is a human creation that is entirely spawned from humans, mathematics and sciences are the fundamental ways in which the universe works. They exist as they are regardless of whether humans have found out about them or not. Our language however was created by humans and would not exist without them.
@veritasium your videos are truly an inspiration, a medium to escape this nonsensical world we are living in right now. Thank you, I really mean it.
Im utterly infatuated with black holes/worm holes and spacetime topics. This entire vid knocked it out of the park. The dialogue, the explanations, the visual animations all perfect.
im gonna pretend i understand it lmfao 1k likes
😂
Same I just like the cool graphic
Try bro it will blow ur mind. Reality is stranger than fiction
Everyone that says they understand it all, lies.
man i do its when i bring in TIME which it falls apart
Bro solved a complex problem in advanced physics in a war zone while i am barely able to do my homework in my comfortable home.
This is effectively a video version of Stephen Hawking's "A Brief History of Time." Very cool to see it animated out. I highly recommend that book to anyone who wants more information on the topics discussed in this video. It's available in audio form.
From what I've learned about all of this, which isn't much, is that matter and energy probably get crushed into the fabric of space itself, which manufactures space, and gravity itself is an attractive effect similar to light with its own photon. That would also explain why everything appears to be moving away from everything else.