Extreme Materials

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DESCRIPTION
- Superalloys -
They also possess excellent mechanical strength and resistance to thermal creep or a permanent deformation under constant load at high temperatures. Additionally, they offer good surface stability and excellent resistance to oxidation. Superalloys achieve their high-temperature strength through an alloying process known as solid solution strengthening where the solute atom is large enough that it can replace solvent atoms in their lattice positions while leaving the overall crystal structure relatively unchanged. The casting process is especially important in the production of heat-resistant superalloys such as those used in aircraft engine components.
- Aggregated Diamon Nanorods -
Some materials resist this deformation and break very sharply, without plastic deformation, in what is called a brittle failure. The measure of a material’s resistance to deformation, particularly in a localized manner is its hardness.
Diamonds have always been the standard for hardness, being the hardest material known to man. X-ray diffraction analysis had indicated that ADNRs are 0.3% denser than standard diamonds, giving rise to their superior hardness.
Testing performed on a traditional diamond with an ADNR tip produced a hardness value of 170 GPa. Still, it’s speculated that ADNR’s hardness on the Mohs scale could exceed 10, the rating of a diamond.
- Delo Monopox VE403728 -
The way we utilize the properties of materials tends to occur in plain sight. Adhesives by definition are any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate materials that bind them together and resist their separation. Sometimes referred to as glues or cement, they are one of the earliest engineering materials used by man.
The lap shear strength is reported as the failure stress in the adhesive, which is determined by dividing the failing load by the bond area. For comparison, a single 6mm spot weld found on the chassis of most cars typically has a lap shear strength of 20Mpa.
This substance is estimated to have a shear strength of around 60 Mpa, approaching the strength of a soldered copper joint.
- B. A. M. -
How easily two materials slide against each other is determined by their coefficient of friction, a dimensionless value that describes the ratio of the force of friction between two objects and the force pressing them together. Most dry materials, against themselves, have friction coefficient values between 0.3 and 0.6. Aside from its hardness, its unique composition exhibited the lowest known coefficients of friction of dry material, 0.04 and
it was able to get as low as 0.02 using water-glycol-based lubricants.
BAM is so slippery that a hypothetical 1kg block coating in the material would start sliding down an inclined plane of only 2 degrees.
- Upsalite -
Similar to how the slipperiest material was discovered, the most absorbent material would also be accidentally discovered in 2013, by a group of nanotechnology researchers at Uppsala University. While pursuing more viable methods for drug delivery using porous calcium carbonate, the team had accidentally created an entirely new material thought for more than 100 years to be impossible to make. This material, mesoporous magnesium carbonate or Upsalite, is a non-toxic magnesium carbonate with an extremely porous surface area, allowing it to absorb more moisture at low humidities than any other known material.
Each nanopore is less than 10 nanometers in diameter which results in one gram of the material having 26 trillion nanopores, making it very reactive with its environment. This characteristic gives it incredible moisture absorption properties, allowing it to absorb more than 20 times more moisture than fumed silica, a material commonly used for moisture control during the transport of moisture sensitive goods.
- Chlorine Trifluoride -
Chlorine trifluoride is a colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas. In fact, it is so reactive that it is the most flammable substance known. First prepared in 1930 by the German chemist Otto Ruf, it was created by the fluorination of chlorine then separated by distillation.
Because chlorine trifluoride is such a strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent it will react with most inorganic and organic materials, and will even initiate the combustion with many non-flammable materials, without an ignition source. Its oxidizing ability even surpasses oxygen, allowing it to react even against oxide-containing materials considered incombustible. It has been reported to ignite glass, sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. It will also ignite the ashes of materials that have already been burned in oxygen.
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