How can gravity and the quantum world be unified? What are the different string theories? And what is "M theory"? All these answers in 17 minutes!
0:00 - Introduction
3:03 - Supergravity
4:40 - Superstrings
6:59 - A link between theories
8:35 - Dualities
13:34 - Towards M theory...
This video is narrated by Octave Masson.
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Alessandro Roussel,
For more info: www.alessandroroussel.com/en
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To learn more :
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory
There is a widespread misunderstanding about the search for quantum gravity in general. We know that quantum gravity works up to the Planck scale, which is ridiculously small. In other words, we know that our current models should work for all experiments we can make today, and further, at least for a very long time. We even know how to calculate the first quantum corrections to gravity (see the beginning of the video). This implies, therefore, that all attempts at formulating a fundamental theory for quantum gravity (not just M theory / string theory, but really ALL attempts) MUST be fundamentally untestable, at least for now and probably for a very long time. This is not a problem of the theories. As of today the goal has never really been to make new predictions that are testable, because we know this is impossible until far out in the future. It might even be fundamentally impossible (some researchers think it's fundamentally impossible to observe gravitons for example). So the goal is really just to try to find a mathematical framework within which we could calculate the higher quantum corrections to gravity. Many people actually think that most attempts will actually turn out to be equivalent. It is thought for instance that many theories can be formulated in terms of a string theory. In other words, string theory might be a universal language to write theories.
String Theory is a joke right? ✅️
I understand that string theory is interesting, but I don't understand why it is mixed with physics topics. I mean, the whole idea of physics is to be able to do experiments to verify hypotheses.
@@canna-kun that's why it's theoretical physics, which is the first place in the scientific method from an observation of gravity waves, to begin the quest to develop experiments to test the quantization of a gravity wave.
I definitely learn to apperiate String Theory thanks to You, @ScienceClicEN , I once thought its mumbo gumbo when coming to make provable prediction and is some sort of mathmatical conspiracy that make development of Physics into standstill, and make me understand the truth behind the curtain of scary naming conventions and seemingly weird implications that created by media hype of being the theory of everything
Really..? I'm not sure I can take you at your word for something like this tbh
I can usually follow through, but this one flew right above my head.
Naturally, as they just mention some opaque names without even trying to describe their actual meaning. One needs to spend years learning graduate level maths and physics to actually understand the ideas.
What this is so easy I am in 16 yr old I can understand this .
@@dhhfrbhrjrbrjrjrhjdjdj have you heard of The Dunning-Kruger effect?
@@dhhfrbhrjrbrjrjrhjdjdj As Richard Feynman said “If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics.”
@@dhhfrbhrjrbrjrjrhjdjdj lol ok
Easily the best channel for space time, general relativity, quantum theory and more. Thx for making such complex and abstract idea way more easy to understand.
Within 2 videos (String Theory and What if we could see space time?) I just found many answers to my questions and understand the modern physics way better. It's just increadible how this channel did this. I was always interested to these topics since i was a child and i am currently a high school student who wants to study physics in the university. It's my my childhood dream.
Can you go one by one and also explain the other unification theories as well as you explained this one? Amazing video!
Yes please that'd be awesome, YT is full of explainers on string/M theory. But videos on other models are sparse.
@@rohanshah7960for loop gravity there exist a lot of videos! But for the dynamical triangulations for example, I think it is very hard to produce a pop science video because it is too a technical attempt to make a statistical model of quantum gravity and it is mostly math without many tangible images to communicate to the public. It is also very under-researched because most physicists does not find it promising enough
@@rohanshah7960I had the pleasure of taking a course on the subject by one of the pioneers of this model when I was doing my MSc and he wasn’t to fond of this model anymore :/
@@kapoioBCS Why? Because you need a particle accelerator the size of our solar system to prove it right? 😂 Or because you can model many many universes with it?
Oh, I vote for this!
I remembered this channel existed once again. Don't stop making videos man, I understand it takes a huge amount of time, but you obviously have the talent and background for this.
I love watching these videos because they are actually difficult to understand
but somehow they are yet simple enough that you can kind of grasp what theyre actually talking about
They do a great job at explaining really complex topic with those graphics
Not that difficult
@@Tanvir_Ahmed_Earth Another ignorant comment lol.. You have that much trouble saying anything positive? What may be difficult for someone may not be the case for someone else which is one of the many things that make us "individuals" To the vast majority of people who are just partially interested in science and watch videos such as these obviously its going to be difficult to grasp abstract concepts of physics that takes many years to understand
Sorry, I am really curious to understand what it is so hard about this video? It is an amazing pop science video of M-theory/String theory but of course has all the complicated notions and math left out. So how is this harder than just a video of facts? I am not condescending, just trying to understand :)
This channel must never stop
"We just need to grow the 11th dimension" - People wouldn't believe the quotes from the videos I watch.
elaborate..
wrong friends. nothing wrong with the videos he watches. @@VSIMO-lh7ld I guess.
Every time you hear that intro jingle, you know some serious learning is about to go down. Man I love this channel. I feel like it explains things so much clearer than other channels, which isn’t a knock on them. Anyways, I been like I’ve seen a lot of new videos on M theory lately. Not sure if it’s just a coincidence. Can’t wait to dive in!
Yeah as much as it is amazing that actually comes with a cost which is taking a long time to make a video
Today is my birthday and this is a greatest gift i could ask. Thanks Scienceclic!
Happy birthday 🎂
@@ScienceClicEN Thanks 😁
Thanks to all the scientists who spend their lives studying these! These people are rare, because they require no practical meaning for their work. They are placing large bets by spending their lifetimes working on these theories. But when they get it right, it is the most important thing ever done.
when they "get it right", what is supposed to happen?
@@ConsecDesign Who knows? Anything can happen when we understand the laws of the Universe. Understanding the deepest nature of our Universe also has immense worth in itself.
@@ConsecDesign Electricity that can be utilized by humans, motor vehicles, barcode scanners, computers (of course, most of these latter things are based on the utilization of electricity as well), atomic bombs...pretty much anything you can think of that would not have existed a thousand years ago came from one discovery or another. And often, not much at all comes from a random discovery...though discoveries about the fundamental nature of the universe might have a greater chance to yield more use cases than a discovery that is very niche. It depends on the discovery and its usefulness when applied to society. The thing is, nobody can truly predict the main applications that will come after a discovery. The discovery has to happen first. Certainly, without researchers (including individuals who tested things in olden days), humans would be living like other animals (which might have been better in general for the earth, but that's a whole other discussion). And discoveries over the past 400 years or so produced our modern world (again, for better or worse).
@@ConsecDesign The more we understand about the laws of the universe, the better our technology gets for one.
@@Nickname006 do you such channels for theoreitcal biology or neuroscience?... I mean not those pop sci channels but contains some rigorus things ..
Explaining the very fundamental nature of our universe and our leading theories that attempt to do so was so well incapsulated in this video, KZheadrs like you are a gift to society! Please share this video and help him out guys.
But it's not explaining the very fundamental nature of our universe - very, very, very far from it.
@@curiousuranus810 it would if we find evidence for it :)
@@Cosmicsense_ This is how religions start.
Calling him a youtuber is the same as if you called a standup comedian Netflixer after watching his Netflix original. But I sure get you they are a gift gor us😊
I do not doubt that this is the best physics channel ever on KZhead, my favourite channel for sure, it's unfortunate that your channel is underatted I definitely believe that u deserve more recognition
Well, I r8 this gr8 channel 8/8, no clickb8
It is amazing channel. And explains complex subjects so well. For example, Vertusium tried explaining how gravity isn’t a force but a bend in space time but he explained the concept a billion times better
The European's aren't dumbing it down!!!
I really think this is one of the best videos I've ever watched on youtube. Please, please I beg you to continue your divulgative effort also at this level of complexity and detail, maybe even beyond. Masterpiece of a channel, your animations and scripts are superb
beautifully animated as per usual, 8:12 looks really cool!
I’ve only recently found this channel, loved the string theory video and watched it 3 times. Thank you for “part two”
This video was unbelievably good. I’ve heard that string theory is “a lot of algebraic topology” but this is the first time I’ve seen it illustrated. This is the very best physics explainer channel out there and I’m so glad you’re continuing to make videos. Thank you so much!
I had been waiting for this for 2 years. You have not disappointed.
I enjoy your works immensely! I am now in my third year of Physics and CS degree, started watching you pre-academia
How do you keep doing this. Explaining very complex theories and concepts in a (relatively) easy way. Amazing!
As is usually the case with physics, behind complicated math lies an elegant intuition.
Heh, relatively.
I was waiting for this video since the string theory one. Thanks so much to Alessandro and the ScienceClic Team!
icl this is like the best physics channel on youtube - interesting topics, great visuals and explained in an understandable way. there arent many channels like that and im glad i found this one !!
Beautifully animated and after going through many other science programs on the Internet including KZhead, so far this is the best one to teach my high-school-kids and myself as well the most recent physics on quantum level. I use your pages in my English class at our tiny private school in Sapporo, Japan. Thank you very much.
Always look forward to ScienceClic videos!!! I was literally listening to an interview with Prof Brian Greene where he talked about Witton's M theory and the 11 dimensions of space!
I am just gonna nod and pretend I understand
I love the simplicity of your videos
I am astounded at how far science has come that we are so close to finding a theory of everything.
Great video Ive been looking forward to your video on M Theory and was not disappointed. I learned several new concepts.
I had been waiting for this. Fantastic video as always man!
Thank you for this presentation. Physics at times is so sophisticated (I did Physics at Uni). I believe that when the 'truth' is realised, it will be so simple and easy to understand.
Guys I am really amazed. This and all the other videos are phenomenal and very well done. You guys are one of the best scientific channels on KZhead. Keep it up!!!
This video (in addition to its fabulous content and explanations) looked stunning! Very well done!
Another great lecture that takes a subject that's light years over my head and making it possible to comprehend.
This was one of the best scientific videos I've watched for a long time! Amazing work!
Superb Video Quality! Nicely done. I love the simplicity in the animations and describtions. Crispy clear. Good job
I am always amazed that this kind of stuff is even possible to figure out, yet another amazing piece by ScienceClic, you are probably the best physics channel currently present on KZhead.
Yesterday night in french, tonight in english. You are the GOAT of science videos imo.
This was such a good video bro, the production was insane and you deserve so many more views and subscribers. I loved how your explanations were simple enough without disregarding too much information and you taught me so much stuff like I had no idea Hawking radiation from blackholes matched up with strings , thats so crazy, definitely convincing for string theory, this video so accurately compiled the history and is desperately needed especially now when the public is saying that string theory is dead, or I guess M theory now.
this is fascinating. I hope we get more videos on the other candidate theories
Oh my god. First the GTA VI trailer and now this. I'll enjoy anything that challenges my sense of time and space.
Every time i get glued to seat until it finishes. In fact I wish the video keep on and on, pouring fundamental knowledge with beautiful visual description.
Loving the channel, keep up the high quality work.
Dude, wtf one of if not the best youtube channel for physics imho. Alessandro is the explanation god. the topics are so well structured and explained on a level for non-physicist easy to understand. rly nice animations as well. btw very good narrating. all in all great job bro's, pls keep up and sry for possible bullshit writing i am drunk and st0ned haha😅 (no worries, both legal here)
Thanks for another great video!
Every video you put out is fascinating, and easy to follow. You should be proud! :D
Succinct and elegant, eerie yet dry. I don't understand a thing. I love it!
This is the most comprehensive explanation of M-theory I have seen so far.
Great as always! I'd like more detail on the last point: people often mention this problem where there are too many possible geometries of the universe to figure out which one ours would be, and I've always wondered what they mean by that. Thanks!
That's a great question about geometries! A good resource for more information would be topology videos, since that's what it's coming from. I'm not certain how good I can describe the intricate parts, but the heart is that we have surprisingly simple methods to find the geometric shape of the universe... But they require calculating angles on a scale of about 1/4 of, not the visible universe, but the *universe* entirely. I don't know if we can even calculate on the scale of the visible universe, but as far as we know the visible universe might only be, say, .0000000001% of the total universe, meaning even if we could calculate, it wouldn't necessarily even be useful. At large scales, everything looks flat, kind of like how the earth looks flat... Until you look at it from the correct angle, and you realize it's a giant sphere. That's what it's like for the universe, but the only perfect angle to view from... Is outside of the universe, which means instead we need math. Lots and lots of math.
@@jem5636 Thank you. I actually had in mind the issue where there are trillions of potential ways the geometry of strings could be configured in 10 dimensions to give us our universe, and we don't know which one belongs to ours.
@@TristanCleveland Ah, I don't know as much about that. I guess I'm also curious to know how people might attempt to test the string geometries. I'm guessing it might also be a problem of angles, though too small to test instead of too big to test.
The problem with most string theories is that they explain phenomena but make very few predictions (often none, or very trivial predictions). This makes them difficult to verify or disprove. The promise of a theory of everything, after centuries of edging, is still just a promise
I dont understand much of this super abstract stuff but i still love watching it
you guys' are back finally! I waited so long for your video
I was waiting for the M theory explanation for a long time , Thank you so much
A very nice description of dualities.
I'VE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS VIDEO SINCE I DISCOVERED YOUR CHANNEL LIKE 2-3 YEARS AGO
By far the best explaination on M theory so far on the internet
Amazing video! Animations great, and well explained and easily understood.
been waiting for this one!
Another fantastic tutorial. Thank you.
Excellent job as always, very underrated channel.
It's a very special and rare moment, whenever I get new upload notification from you
so so true
Thank you so much for making quality content for free❤
Amazing job as usual! Thank you so much!!!. beautifully animated as per usual, 8:12 looks really cool!.
Great video on a complex and incredibly abstract subject!
Absolute awesome video!! Deserve way more subs!
I love seeing this channel grow. This helped me a lot in understanding Gravity, General Relativity, Frames of reference, etc.
I've been rewinding all the time because it's interesting but a bit hard to wrap my head around it 😂 Great video!
I've been waiting for this for a long time
i‘m not educated enough to understand any of that… 10/10 would watch again!
Been waiting for this one
Excellent video, as always ⭐️⭐️⭐️
Thank you for the time you put in this video
You madlad, you did it! You covered M Theory! This was a good explainer. Keep up the AMAZING work!
oook this is the first time from this channel that a concept of a video flew right above my head so quickly, but its understandable! it is the M-theory. i struggle to wrap my head around special relativity, this is far too complex.
Check out the original string theory video, it might help with understanding. Also it's one of the greatest on the channel in my opinion.
@@choieunmi9303 i have watched every single one of his videos. this one just completely blew over my head, im sorry my puny head needs a lot more context, mathematical knowledge and time to even comprehend what is being stated here.
Wow the visualisation is soo amazing...I'm just a phyiscs enthusiast with no back ground in phyiscs or maths and yet i got soo much ❤❤..New subscriber!❤
Great video as always
Awesome video! Would love one on Geometric Unity!
Excellent presentation.
Thanks for this amazing video. M is the mirror image of W. Maybe because Witten, Edward. What a genious.
As a researcher who works in (topological) M-theory, I approve this video. EDIT: 4:09 these higher dimensional black-holes are called black-branes. Branes referes to D-branes, which are boundary conditions of the open string.
Wow how did you end up in that field I’m going a bachelors in physics now and I’m interested in going into particle for my PhD
@@deananderson7714 After my bachelor I was searching for a non-perturbative understanding of QFTs because I could not accept the idea that we can only describe them approximately. String theory provided many answers.
Aeyo. I’m currently into my second year of undergrad, physics Nd I wanna get into quantum gravity for my phd( one day) . Apart from standard courses, what math should we know.( apart from topology Nd group theory) for studying superstring theories
Hey! I am also a PhD researcher at string theory/mathematical physics :)
@@zarmalakhan8654 Two-dimensional quantum CFTs are the foundation but bundle theory and general ideas of topology are also really important. IF you want to go to the mathemtaical foundation I would go as far as to say everything but number theory somewhere appears in string theory.
here we go! ty for such content
thank you for the hardwork
Great presentation of difficult material.
Just wanna say, I don’t understand a thing of physics, nor do I completely understand what is happening on the screen, but I like funny words and pretty pictures. The fact that I still get at least the general idea of what is being explained is fascinating to me tbh xD
I love all of your videos ❤🎉
He's back! I'd given up hope. This'll have to hold us over the winter.
Does this channel have a Patreon?
Quality is amazing!
the best science channel of my life
I hardly understood anything, but the production of this video is off the charts!
When the world needed him the most, he came back with an absolute banger
It amazes me how some people are able to think in such an abstract ways. It's already tremendously difficult to understand the general idea of this, let alone understanding the math. And to actually go and research this stuff and create these models and show the connections between them... I cannot even comprehend that. But nobody lays out the big picture like ScienceClic does it! You can talk about "dualities", 11-th dimensions etc ... but the way it's described here it really makes sense. It gives you a general idea what is going on in this field of research. I'm really excited to see how it will evolve and if people will be able to link it back to the physical world and verify it through experiments and observations.
This stuff just gets so wild, when you step back and think about it, we really still have alot to learn.
What are great video. Thank you very much and please continue to make such stuff as enables ordinary folks to understand what is going on at top level physics.
1min in and already super glad I found this Channel
These videos are so helpful! Thankyou for the many many hours it must take to put them out ❤ Would love to learn more about particle spin, and also the many worlds interpretation
Would love to see more theories of everything videos❤
First !!! Finally the wait is over 😊 thank you science clic ❤️
Damnnnnnnnnnnn I'm again speechless watching your video. You've done an impeccable job!
1:45 When that music kicks in 🤌🤌🤌
Good and simple explanations with visuals. I don't know if the theories are true, but I want to see some predictions. As in the general theory of relativity. For example, mass bends light. Look at the direction of the Sun during an eclipse and you will see the stars behind it with slightest displacement.