Nitroglycerine, TNT and dynamite. More chemistry at www.periodicvideos.com/
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"I was once asked to hit nitroglycerine... with a hammer." And this is how the professor's hair came to be. It's like a superhero origin story.
@beeble20037 жыл бұрын
beeble2003 yea
@old-bitprogaming48577 жыл бұрын
beeble2003 **BOOM!** No more Chinese laundry. I found myself in that boom.
@joshuahadams6 жыл бұрын
Josh Adams i remember a disney character saying this in atlantis
@mikecorleone67975 жыл бұрын
Thats how a guy tested dynamite, he put a touch on the anvil, crazy French guy.
@mike62mcmanus5 жыл бұрын
I made nitroglycerine with age of 15 years, decades ago. And now i am Doctor in chemistry.
@ludwigludwig35155 жыл бұрын
What I take from this video is: The professor eats chocolate for lunch.
@Commandelicious7 жыл бұрын
The professor eats way too much chocolate for lunch
@kellyjackson78895 жыл бұрын
Ja wohl
@Shadow779994 жыл бұрын
Chocolate 🍫 is healthy is KETO friendly.
@Interestingworld45674 жыл бұрын
@@Interestingworld4567 I really hope you're joking.
@somedonkus694204 жыл бұрын
@@somedonkus69420 Well, to be fair, chocolate with sufficiently high cocoa content IS keto friendly. However, it isn't particularly tasty.
@uraldamasis68874 жыл бұрын
This explains why in those old Crash Bandicoot games the nitroglyceryn crates explode instantly while the TNT crates have a short delay.
@Bombtrack41110 жыл бұрын
" we're going to explode 500 tons of TNT" " why ? " " because this is America "
@snowflakemelter11725 жыл бұрын
It was a part of the nuclear tests... essentially a calibration test for calculating the yield from nukes.
@grendelum4 жыл бұрын
500 mega tons of TNT! Maka bigga booma!
@jamest.50014 жыл бұрын
I was thinking I'd like to have the money they spent on 500 tons of TNT.
@dannygjk4 жыл бұрын
@Tt Miller I think TNT is relatively cheap and easy to make. When compared to the cost of the Manhatten Project those 500 tons will be a drop in the ocean.
@ze_rubenator4 жыл бұрын
You had me at explode.
@S71xx4 жыл бұрын
Yep, I was introduced to TNT by Warner Brothers animators as well.
@johnries55936 жыл бұрын
ACME brand? endorsed by Wile E Coyote, Super Genius?
@carlbrowning84093 жыл бұрын
More like minecraft
@octavianmartynow31963 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@ANCIENTASTRONAUT4113 жыл бұрын
Did tnt go off in the hair
@ANCIENTASTRONAUT4113 жыл бұрын
Tnt toons
@ANCIENTASTRONAUT4113 жыл бұрын
"Stroke it gently and it went off"? I'd like to see proof of that.
@theCodyReeder6 жыл бұрын
Cody!
@danielpasaperamontalban97876 жыл бұрын
If you only had to stroke it gently, it would explode if you tried to transport it
@scubacertified6 жыл бұрын
I was thinking of you this entire video.
@ScienceWithJames6 жыл бұрын
i love ur videos codyn
@alfredoguri6 жыл бұрын
It does go off easily when one tries to transport it.. which is why raw nitro is seldom transported. Dynamite was invented as a way to stabilize it and make it safer to handle and transport. When transporting nitro, they fill the bottles all the way, leaving no air in the bottle, because even a droplet splashing around inside the bottle can detonate it.
@VRossInMo6 жыл бұрын
0:14 Ah, I never tried to ask, but here he explains the "genesis" of his haircut ;)
@LCdrDerrick10 жыл бұрын
I remember well, attempting to explain the characteristics of nitroglycerin to my father who had discovered that I was using the rod propellant from his 303 British ammunition as fire starter. I also remember that it was no use to try, as fear of what (to him) was unknown would always trump anything I knew.
@russbilzing53483 жыл бұрын
Cordite, I did the same thing.
@14goldmedals3 жыл бұрын
That was cordite,about 30 %nitroglycerin and 70 % nitro cellulose .
@georgesheffield15805 күн бұрын
TNT C6H2(NO2)3CH3 is classed as an Oxygen Deficit explosive. - it only has six oxygens for 7 carbons and 5 hydrogens. It has a very characteristic black smoke plume.
@minxythemerciless4 жыл бұрын
true. Unlike what is said at 4:25 it DOESN'T "have enough oxygen for all those carbons".
@95rav4 жыл бұрын
I think the professor is confusing tnt with picric acid when he talks about the Canary girls, picric was a dye that had tremendous explosive power and was bright yellow in color, it was the main British explosive in ww1 .
@davemanning64244 жыл бұрын
@@davemanning6424 acording to my Google search it was in fact TNT that turned there skin yellow, it reacted with melanin to create a yellow pigment
@emartinez20463 жыл бұрын
Hello, i have a question about oxigen balance. How does affect oxigen balance in high explosives? I want to mean for example, if we compare rdx with pentryte; rdx has less oxigen than pent? So what effect has this oxy balance when these stuff is set off? Is better more oxigen, less?? What.
@longimanusisurus1323 жыл бұрын
@@longimanusisurus132 The oxygen balance doesn't seem to be a major factor in effectiveness of TNT for high bruisant purposes. It is mixed with ammonium nitrate to make Amatol which is much more oxygen balanced, less bruisant, but a lot cheaper. It's also mixed with a host of other explosives for much the same reasons.
@minxythemerciless3 жыл бұрын
Those photographs of the TNT detonation are pretty amazing. 5:19 Look at the steel casing on the tube/cylinder thing, the shockwave from the TNT makes it look like it's rubber or elastic... _Steel!_ Thats awesome... haha
@jhyland874 жыл бұрын
I worked with dynamite [ok, played with it!] years ago, and I can tell you there is no headache worse than a nitroglycerine withdrawal headache! Those dilated veins and capillaries [I hear this as 'cap-pillories' and not the American cap-pill-airies. Thanks BBC!] draw tight when the nitro runs out! Think deep 'brain-freeze' pain for about three days! This is why you carry nitro 'samples' home!
@pirobot668beta9 жыл бұрын
+Steve Johnson You DO get withdrawal effects after long term nitroglycerin exposure since your body adjusts for the vasodilation. When you stop using it after building a tolerance you suffer from vasoconstriction and the pains associated. Medical administration of nitroglycerin includes gradual dose reduction procedures because of this.
@patrikmanni35598 жыл бұрын
***** Vasoconstriction is quite literally the cause of headaches. Nitroglycerin withdrawals do cause headaches. And it would depend entirely on how much the person was playing with nitroglycerin, what the methods of exposure were, and on the individual in question.
@patrikmanni35598 жыл бұрын
+Greg Gallacci I've had a powder headache working in mines. Staying around after a blast and breathing the blast smoke (not all the nitroglycerine explodes but it is vaporized) and the headache starts and doesn't quit for hours. Aspirin didn't help me.
@lensman3a8 жыл бұрын
+Greg Gallacci xkcd: pumpkin carving look at what the black hat guy does to his pumpkin ;P
@june99148 жыл бұрын
Goodness, it's not like this is a prank! My pumpkin simply has chest pains! (nitroglycerin IS used to treat angina)
@LillianWinterAnimations8 жыл бұрын
"A bar of chocolate you know the kind you eat for lunch"
@phoenixbrothers59248 жыл бұрын
Well I'm having Chocolate for lunch from now on, the Professor said it's okay.
@icedragon7697 жыл бұрын
100g? Please. Anyone who eats chocolate for lunch knows that you do it by the pound. Or... half kilo? Damn metric system.
@doggonemess17 жыл бұрын
Damn imperial system
@VIpown3d7 жыл бұрын
+NippelsoN The one and only only like 2 countries use it. METRIC METRIC METRIC
@XpertPilotFSX7 жыл бұрын
And now the thread will digress into pointless argument about measurement systems
@coomcake7 жыл бұрын
You may also recall the 1917 explosion in Halifax,Canada. A ship carrying gun cotton collided with another ship,a fire broke out and consequently exploded. Over 2000 were killed and 9000 were inured.
@60skidlostinspace8 жыл бұрын
Roderick Cloutier I can clearly hear the history guy saying this in my head
@xeon60384 жыл бұрын
Very cool. Back in 1992 I studied chemistry, second year had a unit of explosive chemistry - we got to make some (a very small amount) of TNT, and much more nitrocellulose in prac - those were the days!
@geoninja89714 жыл бұрын
I was a us army combat engineer. I love these explosives vids. Thanks for making them.
@williamknight58243 жыл бұрын
You mean TNT is not the same as Dynamite? My life is a lie.
@qbmac23067 жыл бұрын
Yep.
@nocknock317 жыл бұрын
Nitric acid and sulphuric acid you debil.
@Sup3rman1c7 жыл бұрын
+Nicolas Broszky I prefer torpex which is also insanely easy to make.
@FedorovAvtomat7 жыл бұрын
QB Mac I thought Bon Scott from ACDC was both simultaneously.
@caytlinnickole20466 жыл бұрын
Dude wrong channel
@Alkaloid-Odin6 жыл бұрын
"stroke it gently. and i did."
@McBango9 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@Justin-ou6gq9 жыл бұрын
chemistry pranks be like
@alphonsokurukuchu3 жыл бұрын
The copper residue is from the copper liner, which actually penetrates the steel, not the detonator, the detonator will be flying the other way in a shaped charge.
@h0lx8 жыл бұрын
Yes , the copper cone is to focus the expanding gases , cone turns to gas ,and the copper gas cuts the steel .
@joeboscarino23805 жыл бұрын
@@joeboscarino2380 the cone doesn't turn into gas, it gets accelerated to a very high velocity (~10 km\sec)
@leouvarov89824 жыл бұрын
@@leouvarov8982 I think you'll find the copper gets turned into plasma, another state (beside solid, liquid, and gas).
@DepakoteMeister4 жыл бұрын
0:11-0:18 Oh, come on. There's no way that joke was an accident.
@TheRealFlenuan9 жыл бұрын
For once in my life i didn't even see that one coming... uhhhh, i mean i didn't realize the ambiguity right away :D
@D4RKBRU735 жыл бұрын
Stroke means something different in UK lol
@ke6gwf5 жыл бұрын
Well, pretty obvious that it was a joke as you'd normally say to someone to strike something gently. With an "i" and not with an "o".
@kelcell29234 жыл бұрын
there's a slight mistake in this vid. TNT does not have enough oxygen to burn all the carbon even to the monoxide form. That's why ammonium nitrate is sometimes needed to increase the oxygen and hence the energy
@DANGJOS10 жыл бұрын
As Professor Poliakoff noted, the combination at the Chilwell plant killed over 200 workers on July 1st, 1918.
@1mctous5 жыл бұрын
I've been to the crater that was created in operation sailors hat on Kaho'olawe. It was... rather startling how big it was. Come to think of it, that whole island was pretty startling...
@exileddeath655437 жыл бұрын
Stroke it gently, and I did 😂😂😂😂😂😂
@Justin-ou6gq9 жыл бұрын
Are you 11? So immature . I am so lol
@yuh60949 жыл бұрын
Rachet Diva Productions honestly i searched the comments just to make sure i wasn't the only one who that phrase stood out to ...
@jl79869 жыл бұрын
Everyone else was thinking the exact same thing. ;)
@TheRealFlenuan9 жыл бұрын
The Real Flenuan Every single person xD
@hjembrentkent61818 жыл бұрын
Justin S. You forgot the best part "And it went off"
@Teth478 жыл бұрын
I love these videos. I have fond memories of my chemistry education. I get the Ah-Ha pleasant recall of the reactions and the fascination still lives in this retired old soul.
@rickey53534 жыл бұрын
When I think Chemistry Professor, this guy will now forever pop into my head. Awesome!
@constructivist611 жыл бұрын
The old man looks like he brushed his hair with dynamite.
@CaptCrewSock3 жыл бұрын
I Love these videos,They should be shown in Schools everywhere
@stigmaticraven8 жыл бұрын
I found this channel through my Chen teacher, who showed us a few of their videos. Have been addicted to both Chem and the channel since.
@nemeanlyan79188 жыл бұрын
I love watching these videos just because they remind me of just how much I actually learned from my university studies... which, as it turns out, is quite a bit more than I would have expected.
@eljohn310 жыл бұрын
I am enjoying the knowledge that you include in your videos. It tickles me that it is virtually free to me to enjoy your work. Thanks!
@JamesKing2understandinglife11 жыл бұрын
0:18 i must say, the professor is superman, he survived that experiment.
@Mazaroth9 жыл бұрын
Mazaroth why?
@cornellkirk89465 жыл бұрын
Just search for “nitroglycerin” on KZhead and you’ll see real explosions. They aren’t that impressive in low quantities.
@GRBtutorials5 жыл бұрын
hes missing fingers
@lancemasterdavidlancesomer83413 жыл бұрын
Thee bright-yellow color of skin of "Canary girls of Chilwell", most probably, was because not of TNT, but of "Lyddite" (picric acid, trinitrophenol, TNP).
@WDKino9 жыл бұрын
I thought Lyddites were those guys that hate technology.
@U014B8 жыл бұрын
Wasn't going to weigh in but in both nitroglycerin and TNT manufacture there is a second step that imparts a yellow hue to the final product. That yellow color is readily absorbed into porous material including skin.
@davidhorsley11494 жыл бұрын
Mustard seed or safrin
@jodybanks53443 жыл бұрын
I'd really like to see a video on C-4 or semtex. Never knew dynamite could be thrown in fire. Great video!
@koodude23136 жыл бұрын
I love how he makes the molecule examples so damn cool
@richardmoorman42274 жыл бұрын
That double monitor setup.😂
@queefyg4907 жыл бұрын
7:55 How do you keep a huge explosion secret? Something like this happened at Port Chicago near San Fransisco. An ammunition ship was being loaded and it exploded. The ship's anchor was found atop Mount Diablo, a 3500 foot high peak several miles away from the port.
@erictaylor54629 жыл бұрын
The ships anchor was found on top of a 3500 foot mountain peak several miles away? I highly doubt that, no way would an uncontrolled explosion send an un aerodynamic, heavy and large object that far, even if it's humongous,.
@myspacebarbrokenevermindif98928 жыл бұрын
mistercococat peace You don't have to believe me. Look it up yourself. It was the Port Chicago Disaster.
@erictaylor54628 жыл бұрын
***** New Jersey doesn't matter even in New York. Why would it matter in California?
@erictaylor54628 жыл бұрын
Mount Diablo is a 3849-foot mountain almost 14 miles from the port. The anchor never came close to the mountain;
@paulsepe57168 жыл бұрын
Paul Sepe I heard it was on top. And I know how high the mountain is. I rode a bike up more than once (3 or 4 times).
@erictaylor54628 жыл бұрын
I went to one of Col Shaw's lectures when I was at Nottingham University. Somewhat loud!
@dirkbruere6 жыл бұрын
2:55 The copper wasn't from the detonator. The copper was a cone with the widest end at the front, towards the target, and the narrow end, (where the actual detonator is), is to the rear. The explosive material is shaped around the copper cone, and when the device explodes, melts the copper into a plasma that burns through the target.
@steztoyz3 жыл бұрын
There is no plasma involved, that is a myth. It doesn't go above a few hundred degrees C, IIRC. The enormous pressure just forces the liner material to act as if it was a fluid.
@Tunkkis2 жыл бұрын
shaped charges are so cool
@mastershooter64 Жыл бұрын
The Copper isn't melted, nor is it plasma, it is still a solid. Monroe Effect 101...
@xafar6711 ай бұрын
@TerminalRhinoVirus wow, never knew that
@leokimvideo12 жыл бұрын
My old chemistry teacher at school was called Tobias Nicholas Trevains T.N.T
@CelticSaint9 жыл бұрын
lol.. cool. My son is William Andrew Ross.. W.A.R... small wonder he is a soldier.
@VRossInMo6 жыл бұрын
@@VRossInMo lol
@Shadow779994 жыл бұрын
My son's initials are B.R.G.V. He's still only 2yo, but hopefully he'll live up to his name by not moving to Birmingham and joining a gang.
@edwardv12554 жыл бұрын
Cool story, bro.
@totallyfrozen4 жыл бұрын
As a Russian saying goes: Whatever you call a ship is how it will sail. Same applies to people.
@ildart87383 жыл бұрын
0:11 _"Stroke it gently.."_ then hit it with a hammer, or before?
@jayc24697 жыл бұрын
the way you guys are teaching this information is great i would hae had a bigger intrest in chemistry if this is the way i was thought in school instead of text booxs and boring slide notes vids are awsome keep them up :)
@MitchelRathbone8 жыл бұрын
we did several explosive experiments when I was studying chemistry at "O" Level in the 1980s, It is a shame schoolboys don't do anything practical these days,
@Satters4 жыл бұрын
TIL British people eat bars of chocolate for lunch.
@lynth9 жыл бұрын
I caught that too! :-)
@mc4bbs9 жыл бұрын
lynth sigh. I use to do that growing up. Not British.
@shippyshiphead9 жыл бұрын
English, not British.
@hoobaguy43113 жыл бұрын
@Zeeko Zappo You do realise... that it's England before Britain before UK. So an English person is English.
@hoobaguy43113 жыл бұрын
@Zeeko Zappo You're arguing semantics. Is a Canadian going to say that they're American since Canada is in North America? Are you ok?
@hoobaguy43113 жыл бұрын
I was really confused at 7:17 For a second...I thought that the Screensaver had jumped off of the screen. :p
@3bydacreekside4 жыл бұрын
The TNT delay is on the order of 0.003 second. Fuzes using this full explosive-only TNT-type delay (base fuzes, for example, at the far end of the shell away from the target they hit) are called "non-delay" (they can have longer delays made inside the fuze, but that is not part of the explosive charge itself), as compared to "instantaneous" for nose impact fuzes ("Point Detonating" or "Direct Action") where the fuze firing shock on crushing against the target moves the blast sequence to the main explosive charge *backward* as the shell moves forward, so the shell center only moves a tiny amount forward as it is destroyed nose-to-base (as in those Dynamite pictures) even though that TNT delay happens there too.
@nathanokun88013 жыл бұрын
My father told me as a boy ( born 1906) he and his brothers would break or cut pieces from dynamite sticks. They would put the pieces on an anvil and hit them with a sledge hammer. The fun was the sledge hammer being blown backwards over their heads. That dynamite was nothing more than sawdust or a form of clay into which nitroglycerin had been added. The sticks indicated the percentage of nitro in the dynamite stick.
@rascal01753 жыл бұрын
I wonder if today’s youth is going to know what TNT is in the absence of looney toons
@laughterman8053 жыл бұрын
In my experience the snowflake soyboy youth hate the old cartoons from those times saying they are violent and the characters are so mean to each other. They have no capacity to see humor in slapstick and appear to not be able to really laugh at anything. So sad.
@Songwriter3763 жыл бұрын
@@Songwriter376 Completely agree
@tymz-r-achangin3 жыл бұрын
Minecraft
@luthandonxumalo12543 жыл бұрын
@@luthandonxumalo1254 minecraft
@cloroxbleach86762 жыл бұрын
5:03 is quite Minecraft-y.
@goose3001839 жыл бұрын
I absolutely like your videos.Could you please tell something about RDX? It seems to be twice as strong as TNT. Thanks.
@theosmid83215 жыл бұрын
3:00 the copper is probably from the shaped charge, liquid copper which shoots through the plate. Not from the detonator
@nikolai5023 жыл бұрын
"They poured some out on a brick, gave me the hammer, said stroke it gently and I did... and it went off with one hell of a bang!" .. Sentence of the year :-)
@Heartbreakhotel11213 жыл бұрын
0:13 I could imagine the scientist looking back at this video and being like "Wait, I don't remember surviving that..Where did you get this footage? Is that even nitro exploding?"
@squishybrick6 жыл бұрын
another early use for both nitroglycerine and shaped charges was in oil wells; tubes of nitro were set off inside early oil wells to frack them & release more oil from the formation. shaped charges are still used today to perforate the steel casings to allow oil & gas to flow into the wellbore.
@geodeaholicm48898 жыл бұрын
Dynamite and nitroglycerin causes dreadful headaches from blood vessel dilation. We sometimes used dynamite on our farm and you did not wear gloves you would get "explosive" headaches. A few years ago I was in the hospital for heart and blood pressure problems I would nearly cry whenever it was time for the nitro dose, morphine would hardly dull the pain.
@Thestargazer5610 жыл бұрын
i just want to say thanks, your vids have helped me through a leave chemistry and i just got accepted into medical school thanks to my good grades in chemistry, i always found you an inspiration :)
@Holyshadoww13 жыл бұрын
You know it's going to be an informative video when that hair tells you "I was once asked to hit nitroglycerin with a hammer..."
@UnprofessionalProfessor5 жыл бұрын
Fascinating. I didn't know TNT and Dynamite were different. Now, I know. Also, very interesting what was made for the war effort. What a time!
@TheRobertralph3 жыл бұрын
The term "a banging headache" comes from the old workers involved in the production of Nitro Glycerin as it does indeed cause a crashing headache in some people.
@Cornz384 жыл бұрын
Many nitrate compounds dilate capillaries causing a blood pressure drop, mostly in the head.
@capnbilll29134 жыл бұрын
He eats bars of chocolate for lunch? ;)
@GraemeMarkNI9 жыл бұрын
The professor eats TNT bars for breakfast ! it keeps his brain working at that high performance...
@lreyes4939 жыл бұрын
That's what I call Black humor joke ; )
@lreyes4939 жыл бұрын
Wasn`t it picric acid (Trinitrophenol) that was being loaded in the shells by the women? It is also used as a Dye and is canary yellow.
@Stray039 жыл бұрын
Correct! It was also called Lyddite, see my posting above. This needs correcting.
@proffski6 жыл бұрын
By that time, picric acid was not really being used any more as an explosive, more as a feedstock for making better ones. Its sensitivity was problematic and it wasn't very stable ... and the devastating Halifax explosion had turned people off of picric acid. It was TNT that turned the Canary Girls yellow. Of course, if picric acid was used in the process somewhere (I don't know the TNT process offhand), then there might have been a route for contamination.
@Tindometari5 жыл бұрын
Having handled artillery shells and their picric acid booster charges, what I saw was that TNT is an off-WHITE color. Five years later, I made my own picric acid (2,4,6-trinitroPHENOL), which was QUITE YELLOW, thank you very much! Oh, and while nitroglycerine can be set off with a five-pound weight dropped from four inches, I also made some mercury fulminate, which can be set off with the same amount of weight dropped from only TWO inches. Always thought-proving when making primary explosives! 😄😄
@schautamatic4 жыл бұрын
At circa 7:12 the Prof says the explosion occurred in the ammonium nitrate (AN) and TNT works. AN + TNT mixtures were used as shell fillers (" amatols"). Both the Allies & Germany used amatols to "extend" supplies of TNT. The problem with picric acid is that it forms extremely shock/friction sensitive salts with common metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn ... for which a small amount of the salt can detonate a large amount (such as the main charge in a cannon shell). Premature detonation in the barrels of artillery is bad for the soldiers. Guess what, munitions are commonly made of Fe, Cu, Zn, ...
@christophercripps76394 жыл бұрын
@@schautamatic I am really confused because it seems that pure picric acid is also pale yellow. I made some and at first my picric acid was exactly that. Pale yellow. But after a recrystallization it turned very yellow. I'm not sure why. Possibly sodium ion contamination that formed some sodium picrate? The recrystallization was somewhat of a failure though. No proper crystals were formed and the contents of the flask bumped and spilled out a lot of the contents which was quite a shame.
@Andrew-my1cp4 жыл бұрын
I watched all these videos back when I was in high school. Now I'm getting them recommended to me again haha
@munsta0073 жыл бұрын
I always thought TnT and dynamite were the same thing? You learn something new every day
@ajdexter41953 жыл бұрын
S my iPad was muted and when I turned my sound on at 14 sec all i heard was "stroke it gently, and I did" hahahaha
@T_Fizzle10 жыл бұрын
hahahaha what a timing lol XD
@TheShadowproz9 жыл бұрын
We all do, to start.
@jkocol3 жыл бұрын
5:05 Kids, this is how Minecraft looked in 1965.
@abcdefgh12799 жыл бұрын
I love the tie that crazy doctor wears!
@modularnepl9005 жыл бұрын
@loveslashdeath i think so too.based on what they said, and on the undergraduate chemistry I know, i think that only a small modification would be required to the formulation of the TNT stick such that some extra oxidizing agent would be required to both set off the explosion, and to help burn all of the TNT powerder.
@wazscience12 жыл бұрын
Fun fact: Mr. Nobel, who discovered nitroglycerin, was told by his doctors to take nitroglycerin for his heart problems. I refused to consume something that he considered to be a very dangerous explosive. He died of heart problems. EDIT: K so he didn't discover it. He made dynamite and made his fortune off of nitroglycerin.
@wesleywalker583710 жыл бұрын
Sobrero discovered NG, Nobel invented dynamite and more significantly the detonator.
@howiedewin36884 жыл бұрын
"It was found out very quickly that it was very explosive." I'm going to go out on a limb here and guess that "very quickly" probably means "during the process of purifying the very first sample".
@Tindometari5 жыл бұрын
I had a mathematics teacher in my first year if high school who had been a powder monkey in the mines of outback Australia in the 50s and he would tell us stories of using dynamite, gelignite, RDX and TNT to blow up things and how different explosives were used for different applications. Also he told us how one day when they had finished a job and they had some sticks of gelignite over and so during their lunch break they packed them into the base of a huge tree stump and let it off. The stump shot hundreds of meters in the air which was great..... until it came down and created a huge crater! Of course no one knew how had actually done it... of course!
@skwervin13 жыл бұрын
7:30 ... That spinning word in the background moves across two monitors perfectly :o
@helderboymh3 жыл бұрын
When an apocalyptic event is imminent, I would feel at ease if this man was in the room with top leaders.
@yatox86 жыл бұрын
Nathan 100% correct , thnx
@airflower35843 жыл бұрын
5:08- When you didn't know you left the gas from your stove on and you light the eye
@naryosh_7 жыл бұрын
@Epblueyes First, sulfur hexafluoride is not an element. Second, it's used as a gaseous dielectric medium (it works much better than air), as a contrast agent for ultrasound imaging, as a tracer gas, as a waveguide pressurizer...
@DevilMaster13 жыл бұрын
@sk8erguy552 Nitroglycerine is an organic name. Nitro is given since you're nitrating glycerin, an alcohol (alcohols are organic molecules who's most important functional group is an -OH, like ethanol which is CH3-CH2OH). Dynamite is just a name. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the same, toluene is another organic molecule, and there's those nitrated nitro- groups, but there's 3 of those. You nitrate these compounds by using certain acids, and then you get these.
@Kendrana13 жыл бұрын
7:21 #REKT
@wrakowic8 жыл бұрын
Haha
@ananay0108 жыл бұрын
+wrrabec get rest skrub
@jayboy121318 жыл бұрын
+wrrabec 5:05 #Wrecked
@bt70a98 жыл бұрын
+wrrabec THE WHOLE PLACE WAS #REKT Don't mess with TNT, scrub.
@MrNickTube18 жыл бұрын
MrNickTube1 fite me 1v1 irl then
@wrakowic8 жыл бұрын
einsteins younger bro youngstein
@mitchm75638 жыл бұрын
zweistein :P
@NorwayVFX8 жыл бұрын
+NorwayVFX frostein
@mitchm75638 жыл бұрын
Einstein's young brother AnderenStein
@fzigunov6 жыл бұрын
Damn you! I was just going to reply with Zweistein :D.
@ptroinks6 жыл бұрын
@@NorwayVFX best me to it three years ago bro
@JoeZUGOOLA4 жыл бұрын
This is a terrific section. I think to add to this set you should do a video on fulminated mercury. I could be wrong but I think that that is one of the main ingredients in the detonators.
@starked112 жыл бұрын
Near where I live (not far from Nottingham) is Fauld, where 3000 tonnes TNT equivalent exploded at an arms dump in 1944. The 120m deep crater is still visible on google maps, although the tags are all slightly out, the crater is in the wooded area just to the south. Its still fenced off as somewhere underneath are still thousands of tonnes of explosive.
@bimblinghill12 жыл бұрын
the 500 tons of TNT is only a .5 kiloton nuke, what we use today is one megaton, two thousand times more powerful than that TNT
@stealth97999 жыл бұрын
xXstealth9799Xx "-only- a .5 kiloton" ! ? Nukes may have more blast power but they are also huge polluters.
@planetwalker9 жыл бұрын
planetwalker compared to the first nukes todays nukes are like smart cars they put out very little radiation due to the fact that they are more efficient and don't leave as much radioactive materials left over
@MichaelJones-ny3ot9 жыл бұрын
Michael Jones air detonation of nukes really helps contain the radiation
@anter1769 жыл бұрын
+Michael Jones Uhhhhh no incorrect here. Left over radioactive materials is not what fallout is..... its radioactive dust that gets picked up from the ground along with ash. It become radioactive due to the fission action occurring in the explosion.
@treahblade8 жыл бұрын
+Michael Jones that's true, though thing about the thousands of nukes those degenerates detonated, in water, high atmosphere, underground etc.. that's massive pollution, plus every single atom is radioactive.. that's silly when you think about it 1 atom = 1 potential cancer or whatever autoimmune disease mutation etc ! think about the millions or billions of particles sprayed in the atmosphere, scary !
@strongforce84668 жыл бұрын
A book about women turning yellow should be illustrated in color. JS
@jspin36097 жыл бұрын
I enjoyed the chemistry class. Nitro-glycerin reacts with something to produce TNT, trinitro glycerides. I wonder what the catalyst is?
@javierharth36475 жыл бұрын
Great video!!!! And great help for my dissertation. Thanks Andres
@andrestrujado13 жыл бұрын
Hmm 100g of chocolate for lunch. Yumm I'm glad I watched this now :-)
@etmax19 жыл бұрын
Please don't throw dynamite on a fire kids.
@dirtymikentheboys58179 жыл бұрын
I'm not an expert, just an old Marine, but it's my understanding that dynamite is "close to" as stable as C4 as long as you haven't let it weep. I've burned C4 many times to heat up my coffee, but I gotta say, even I'd be a little nervous putting dynamite in a fire. There's a reason the military really doesn't use it anymore. Someone better qualified than me, may have a difference of opinion.
@eljuano285 жыл бұрын
@@eljuano28 yikes
@Shadow779994 жыл бұрын
A genuine mad scientist. Wonderful!
@gregwarner37534 жыл бұрын
Dynamite are the parts of fabrics dipped and soaked in nitroglycerine then set in the stick casing that we call the dynamite stick.
@Only_God_Is_Allah_SWT3 жыл бұрын
detonator cap? So all the movies are wrong then when they blow up dynamite with a firework style fuse?
@beefcakeandgravy8 жыл бұрын
George Smith Two kinds of detonators; electrical (push the t-handle on the box) & pyrolitic; firework style. Both provide heat to an azide compound. Look up azides: they're great fun ;D
@yevrahhipstar39028 жыл бұрын
George Smith Well the firework style ones just detonates a compound that explodes very easily with heat and that tiny explosion blows up the dynamite.
@zameliz8 жыл бұрын
You cant make dynomite explode with a usual fuse as it doesnt produce any shockwave. You need a shockwave from another explosion to detonate the dynomite.
@kossankarlsson10808 жыл бұрын
No, they just didn't show that you push a detonator with the fuse crimped into it into the stick, as opposed to putting the fuse in directly. Now some may have had them tape the fuse to the outside or something, but if the fuse was sticking out the end, it was coming out of blasting cap/detonator.
@ke6gwf5 жыл бұрын
A fuse goes to a cap. Not electric
@BillFromTheHill1004 жыл бұрын
WTF is a arctic roll?
@yishaqdavid20299 жыл бұрын
Yiṣḥāq David It is a UK dessert, similar to a swiss roll (or jelly roll in the US) but filled with ice cream too. In fact it is just a tube of ice cream surrounded by a single turn of sponge and jam not a complete spiral to the middle like a swiss roll, which is probably what the chap was thinking of.
@chrisofnottingham9 жыл бұрын
chrisofnottingham thanks
@yishaqdavid20299 жыл бұрын
Yiṣḥāq David Think giant Twinkie with improvements.
@planetwalker9 жыл бұрын
@sk8erguy552 Glycerine is the common name for the compound propan-1,2,3-triol. It comes from a Greek word meaning "sweet," because glycerine has a sweet taste. Nitroglycerine is glycerine which has been modified by the addition of nitrate groups. Dynamite was an advertising name introduced by Alfred Nobel to boost sales, and doesn't really mean much of anything.
@tiivc13 жыл бұрын
2:55 - I may be about ten years late but presumably the traces of copper are not from the detonator casing but rather the copper liner which is compressed/directed by the shaped charge (The Munroe Effect) into a hypersonic fluid-like "jet" which causes the actual penetration.
@llYossarian3 жыл бұрын
7:13 Look at the text on the monitor behind the guy. It spins off the screen
@standupaddict9410 жыл бұрын
dual monitor
@seanbush53137 жыл бұрын
There are two monitors
@Sophocles136 жыл бұрын
That's why it always makes me smile when movies show explosions in space, because one condition for an explosión to take place is oxigen and in space there is no oxigen.... Excellent videos. thank you for sharing
@fvazquez6410 жыл бұрын
Learn to speil
@pjmccarry9 жыл бұрын
***** *read more carefully
@kindpotato9 жыл бұрын
TNT =/= Nitroglycerin, point taken about the vaccum explody bits though.
@benaldo1389 жыл бұрын
Explosions really need no external oxygen. It would not be possible to get oxygen in from the surrounding air that fast anyway, so that cannot be the mechanism. The mechanism is really a rearrangement of the atoms that are present in the explosive molecules, so that lots of gas is formed and lots of energy is released. Which can happen in space too. What is funny though about most movie images of explosions in space, is that the explosions end up in clouds that stay. Outward motion is not decelerated at all in the vacuum of space.
@koenth23596 жыл бұрын
Explosives which require outside oxygen source are useless. Explosives contain both the fuel and the oxygen within them. Ammonium Nitrate/ Fuel Oil (ANFOS) for instance... the fuel oil provides the carbon based fuel, and the ammonium nitrate provides the oxygen. Koen Th described it correctly. Another funny thing is in most movies, etc, there is noise from the blast, which is not possible in vacuum.
@VRossInMo6 жыл бұрын
The molecule model you are using looks very nice ! Where can someone buy one of these ?
@Bjo1512 жыл бұрын
Bob, Thanks for that. I wish most comments were as good as yours. You may appreciate the following about explosives. (You may even know more about it and can correct me.) It is that the significant difference between black powered and high explosives like TNT is that the flame-front in TNT and nitroglycerine actually proceeds faster than the speed of sound in the material. And that the propagation may have something to do with light. That's why you don't need a tamper with HE.
@walterdennisclark11 жыл бұрын
4:22 "These have enough oxygens in here to make all these carbons turn into carbon dioxide". /counts the atoms 6 atoms of oxygen, 7 atoms of carbon Nope.
@DevilMaster11 жыл бұрын
The original dynamit was not a success. It was too weak and miners still used nitroglycerin. The real success was "rubber dynamite", which is a gel of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Modern dynamite is mainly ammonium nitrate with some fuel, sensitized with some nitroglycerin or nitroglycol. In civil construction the explosives most frequently used is emulsion explosives, which are a mixture of an ammonium nitrate solution and fuel, sensitized by microspheres or similar. None of the components are themselves high explosives, and the resulting mixture is extremely insensitive to accidentalt detonation.
@soylentgreenb10 жыл бұрын
Wrong
@jayfischer8809 жыл бұрын
Jay Fischer Just saying "wrong" is useless.
@BoredErica9 жыл бұрын
Eric Lin Except Jay Fischer is right: TNT stands for Tri-nitro-toluene NOT ammonium nitrate... We do use AN-FO (ammonium nitrate + fuel oil) but it isn't called dynamite.
@lachlanallen3419 жыл бұрын
Lachlan Allen Except what? I said just saying "wrong" is useless. Whether he himself was right or wrong was and still is irrelevant.
@BoredErica9 жыл бұрын
Eric Lin It at least puts some doubt into others so they look it up for themselves.
@lachlanallen3419 жыл бұрын
@periodicvideos I surely appreciate that style!
@yusukeshinyama13 жыл бұрын
The penetration depth of a missile or shell before detonation is controlled by a delay fuse,not the time of initiation of the explosive.TNT has a VOD of approx 7000ms,which is virtually instantaneous.
@MrOlgrumpy3 жыл бұрын
umm why are you eating chocolate for lunch😒
@buildbyandmaster1048 жыл бұрын
same amount of salt you eat for lunch
@JOHN0577ANDFRIENDS7 жыл бұрын
Joshua Inniss Not like he only eats chocolate
@mudkip_btw7 жыл бұрын
Lots of muslims in this comments section. You can't fool me I know what you're up to.
@chukotkapeninsula59248 жыл бұрын
....... :)
@cserpent91957 жыл бұрын
We're all having a 100 gram chocolate bars for lunch
@JafarChou7 жыл бұрын
Ham sandwiches make a better lunch.
@Jimpozcan7 жыл бұрын
Allahu Akbar!
@seffard7 жыл бұрын
7:38 professor's computer screen saver traveled from one monitor to another, that's awesome.
@pyrioni13 жыл бұрын
@MrAtheist93 He has a dual screen set up. You can make windows, pointers, screen savers and other things go from one monitor to another.
"I was once asked to hit nitroglycerine... with a hammer." And this is how the professor's hair came to be. It's like a superhero origin story.
beeble2003 yea
beeble2003 **BOOM!** No more Chinese laundry. I found myself in that boom.
Josh Adams i remember a disney character saying this in atlantis
Thats how a guy tested dynamite, he put a touch on the anvil, crazy French guy.
I made nitroglycerine with age of 15 years, decades ago. And now i am Doctor in chemistry.
What I take from this video is: The professor eats chocolate for lunch.
The professor eats way too much chocolate for lunch
Ja wohl
Chocolate 🍫 is healthy is KETO friendly.
@@Interestingworld4567 I really hope you're joking.
@@somedonkus69420 Well, to be fair, chocolate with sufficiently high cocoa content IS keto friendly. However, it isn't particularly tasty.
This explains why in those old Crash Bandicoot games the nitroglyceryn crates explode instantly while the TNT crates have a short delay.
" we're going to explode 500 tons of TNT" " why ? " " because this is America "
It was a part of the nuclear tests... essentially a calibration test for calculating the yield from nukes.
500 mega tons of TNT! Maka bigga booma!
I was thinking I'd like to have the money they spent on 500 tons of TNT.
@Tt Miller I think TNT is relatively cheap and easy to make. When compared to the cost of the Manhatten Project those 500 tons will be a drop in the ocean.
You had me at explode.
Yep, I was introduced to TNT by Warner Brothers animators as well.
ACME brand? endorsed by Wile E Coyote, Super Genius?
More like minecraft
Hahaha
Did tnt go off in the hair
Tnt toons
"Stroke it gently and it went off"? I'd like to see proof of that.
Cody!
If you only had to stroke it gently, it would explode if you tried to transport it
I was thinking of you this entire video.
i love ur videos codyn
It does go off easily when one tries to transport it.. which is why raw nitro is seldom transported. Dynamite was invented as a way to stabilize it and make it safer to handle and transport. When transporting nitro, they fill the bottles all the way, leaving no air in the bottle, because even a droplet splashing around inside the bottle can detonate it.
0:14 Ah, I never tried to ask, but here he explains the "genesis" of his haircut ;)
I remember well, attempting to explain the characteristics of nitroglycerin to my father who had discovered that I was using the rod propellant from his 303 British ammunition as fire starter. I also remember that it was no use to try, as fear of what (to him) was unknown would always trump anything I knew.
Cordite, I did the same thing.
That was cordite,about 30 %nitroglycerin and 70 % nitro cellulose .
TNT C6H2(NO2)3CH3 is classed as an Oxygen Deficit explosive. - it only has six oxygens for 7 carbons and 5 hydrogens. It has a very characteristic black smoke plume.
true. Unlike what is said at 4:25 it DOESN'T "have enough oxygen for all those carbons".
I think the professor is confusing tnt with picric acid when he talks about the Canary girls, picric was a dye that had tremendous explosive power and was bright yellow in color, it was the main British explosive in ww1 .
@@davemanning6424 acording to my Google search it was in fact TNT that turned there skin yellow, it reacted with melanin to create a yellow pigment
Hello, i have a question about oxigen balance. How does affect oxigen balance in high explosives? I want to mean for example, if we compare rdx with pentryte; rdx has less oxigen than pent? So what effect has this oxy balance when these stuff is set off? Is better more oxigen, less?? What.
@@longimanusisurus132 The oxygen balance doesn't seem to be a major factor in effectiveness of TNT for high bruisant purposes. It is mixed with ammonium nitrate to make Amatol which is much more oxygen balanced, less bruisant, but a lot cheaper. It's also mixed with a host of other explosives for much the same reasons.
Those photographs of the TNT detonation are pretty amazing. 5:19 Look at the steel casing on the tube/cylinder thing, the shockwave from the TNT makes it look like it's rubber or elastic... _Steel!_ Thats awesome... haha
I worked with dynamite [ok, played with it!] years ago, and I can tell you there is no headache worse than a nitroglycerine withdrawal headache! Those dilated veins and capillaries [I hear this as 'cap-pillories' and not the American cap-pill-airies. Thanks BBC!] draw tight when the nitro runs out! Think deep 'brain-freeze' pain for about three days! This is why you carry nitro 'samples' home!
+Steve Johnson You DO get withdrawal effects after long term nitroglycerin exposure since your body adjusts for the vasodilation. When you stop using it after building a tolerance you suffer from vasoconstriction and the pains associated. Medical administration of nitroglycerin includes gradual dose reduction procedures because of this.
***** Vasoconstriction is quite literally the cause of headaches. Nitroglycerin withdrawals do cause headaches. And it would depend entirely on how much the person was playing with nitroglycerin, what the methods of exposure were, and on the individual in question.
+Greg Gallacci I've had a powder headache working in mines. Staying around after a blast and breathing the blast smoke (not all the nitroglycerine explodes but it is vaporized) and the headache starts and doesn't quit for hours. Aspirin didn't help me.
+Greg Gallacci xkcd: pumpkin carving look at what the black hat guy does to his pumpkin ;P
Goodness, it's not like this is a prank! My pumpkin simply has chest pains! (nitroglycerin IS used to treat angina)
"A bar of chocolate you know the kind you eat for lunch"
Well I'm having Chocolate for lunch from now on, the Professor said it's okay.
100g? Please. Anyone who eats chocolate for lunch knows that you do it by the pound. Or... half kilo? Damn metric system.
Damn imperial system
+NippelsoN The one and only only like 2 countries use it. METRIC METRIC METRIC
And now the thread will digress into pointless argument about measurement systems
You may also recall the 1917 explosion in Halifax,Canada. A ship carrying gun cotton collided with another ship,a fire broke out and consequently exploded. Over 2000 were killed and 9000 were inured.
Roderick Cloutier I can clearly hear the history guy saying this in my head
Very cool. Back in 1992 I studied chemistry, second year had a unit of explosive chemistry - we got to make some (a very small amount) of TNT, and much more nitrocellulose in prac - those were the days!
I was a us army combat engineer. I love these explosives vids. Thanks for making them.
You mean TNT is not the same as Dynamite? My life is a lie.
Yep.
Nitric acid and sulphuric acid you debil.
+Nicolas Broszky I prefer torpex which is also insanely easy to make.
QB Mac I thought Bon Scott from ACDC was both simultaneously.
Dude wrong channel
"stroke it gently. and i did."
Hahaha
chemistry pranks be like
The copper residue is from the copper liner, which actually penetrates the steel, not the detonator, the detonator will be flying the other way in a shaped charge.
Yes , the copper cone is to focus the expanding gases , cone turns to gas ,and the copper gas cuts the steel .
@@joeboscarino2380 the cone doesn't turn into gas, it gets accelerated to a very high velocity (~10 km\sec)
@@leouvarov8982 I think you'll find the copper gets turned into plasma, another state (beside solid, liquid, and gas).
0:11-0:18 Oh, come on. There's no way that joke was an accident.
For once in my life i didn't even see that one coming... uhhhh, i mean i didn't realize the ambiguity right away :D
Stroke means something different in UK lol
Well, pretty obvious that it was a joke as you'd normally say to someone to strike something gently. With an "i" and not with an "o".
there's a slight mistake in this vid. TNT does not have enough oxygen to burn all the carbon even to the monoxide form. That's why ammonium nitrate is sometimes needed to increase the oxygen and hence the energy
As Professor Poliakoff noted, the combination at the Chilwell plant killed over 200 workers on July 1st, 1918.
I've been to the crater that was created in operation sailors hat on Kaho'olawe. It was... rather startling how big it was. Come to think of it, that whole island was pretty startling...
Stroke it gently, and I did 😂😂😂😂😂😂
Are you 11? So immature . I am so lol
Rachet Diva Productions honestly i searched the comments just to make sure i wasn't the only one who that phrase stood out to ...
Everyone else was thinking the exact same thing. ;)
The Real Flenuan Every single person xD
Justin S. You forgot the best part "And it went off"
I love these videos. I have fond memories of my chemistry education. I get the Ah-Ha pleasant recall of the reactions and the fascination still lives in this retired old soul.
When I think Chemistry Professor, this guy will now forever pop into my head. Awesome!
The old man looks like he brushed his hair with dynamite.
I Love these videos,They should be shown in Schools everywhere
I found this channel through my Chen teacher, who showed us a few of their videos. Have been addicted to both Chem and the channel since.
I love watching these videos just because they remind me of just how much I actually learned from my university studies... which, as it turns out, is quite a bit more than I would have expected.
I am enjoying the knowledge that you include in your videos. It tickles me that it is virtually free to me to enjoy your work. Thanks!
0:18 i must say, the professor is superman, he survived that experiment.
Mazaroth why?
Just search for “nitroglycerin” on KZhead and you’ll see real explosions. They aren’t that impressive in low quantities.
hes missing fingers
Thee bright-yellow color of skin of "Canary girls of Chilwell", most probably, was because not of TNT, but of "Lyddite" (picric acid, trinitrophenol, TNP).
I thought Lyddites were those guys that hate technology.
Wasn't going to weigh in but in both nitroglycerin and TNT manufacture there is a second step that imparts a yellow hue to the final product. That yellow color is readily absorbed into porous material including skin.
Mustard seed or safrin
I'd really like to see a video on C-4 or semtex. Never knew dynamite could be thrown in fire. Great video!
I love how he makes the molecule examples so damn cool
That double monitor setup.😂
7:55 How do you keep a huge explosion secret? Something like this happened at Port Chicago near San Fransisco. An ammunition ship was being loaded and it exploded. The ship's anchor was found atop Mount Diablo, a 3500 foot high peak several miles away from the port.
The ships anchor was found on top of a 3500 foot mountain peak several miles away? I highly doubt that, no way would an uncontrolled explosion send an un aerodynamic, heavy and large object that far, even if it's humongous,.
mistercococat peace You don't have to believe me. Look it up yourself. It was the Port Chicago Disaster.
***** New Jersey doesn't matter even in New York. Why would it matter in California?
Mount Diablo is a 3849-foot mountain almost 14 miles from the port. The anchor never came close to the mountain;
Paul Sepe I heard it was on top. And I know how high the mountain is. I rode a bike up more than once (3 or 4 times).
I went to one of Col Shaw's lectures when I was at Nottingham University. Somewhat loud!
2:55 The copper wasn't from the detonator. The copper was a cone with the widest end at the front, towards the target, and the narrow end, (where the actual detonator is), is to the rear. The explosive material is shaped around the copper cone, and when the device explodes, melts the copper into a plasma that burns through the target.
There is no plasma involved, that is a myth. It doesn't go above a few hundred degrees C, IIRC. The enormous pressure just forces the liner material to act as if it was a fluid.
shaped charges are so cool
The Copper isn't melted, nor is it plasma, it is still a solid. Monroe Effect 101...
@TerminalRhinoVirus wow, never knew that
My old chemistry teacher at school was called Tobias Nicholas Trevains T.N.T
lol.. cool. My son is William Andrew Ross.. W.A.R... small wonder he is a soldier.
@@VRossInMo lol
My son's initials are B.R.G.V. He's still only 2yo, but hopefully he'll live up to his name by not moving to Birmingham and joining a gang.
Cool story, bro.
As a Russian saying goes: Whatever you call a ship is how it will sail. Same applies to people.
0:11 _"Stroke it gently.."_ then hit it with a hammer, or before?
the way you guys are teaching this information is great i would hae had a bigger intrest in chemistry if this is the way i was thought in school instead of text booxs and boring slide notes vids are awsome keep them up :)
we did several explosive experiments when I was studying chemistry at "O" Level in the 1980s, It is a shame schoolboys don't do anything practical these days,
TIL British people eat bars of chocolate for lunch.
I caught that too! :-)
lynth sigh. I use to do that growing up. Not British.
English, not British.
@Zeeko Zappo You do realise... that it's England before Britain before UK. So an English person is English.
@Zeeko Zappo You're arguing semantics. Is a Canadian going to say that they're American since Canada is in North America? Are you ok?
I was really confused at 7:17 For a second...I thought that the Screensaver had jumped off of the screen. :p
The TNT delay is on the order of 0.003 second. Fuzes using this full explosive-only TNT-type delay (base fuzes, for example, at the far end of the shell away from the target they hit) are called "non-delay" (they can have longer delays made inside the fuze, but that is not part of the explosive charge itself), as compared to "instantaneous" for nose impact fuzes ("Point Detonating" or "Direct Action") where the fuze firing shock on crushing against the target moves the blast sequence to the main explosive charge *backward* as the shell moves forward, so the shell center only moves a tiny amount forward as it is destroyed nose-to-base (as in those Dynamite pictures) even though that TNT delay happens there too.
My father told me as a boy ( born 1906) he and his brothers would break or cut pieces from dynamite sticks. They would put the pieces on an anvil and hit them with a sledge hammer. The fun was the sledge hammer being blown backwards over their heads. That dynamite was nothing more than sawdust or a form of clay into which nitroglycerin had been added. The sticks indicated the percentage of nitro in the dynamite stick.
I wonder if today’s youth is going to know what TNT is in the absence of looney toons
In my experience the snowflake soyboy youth hate the old cartoons from those times saying they are violent and the characters are so mean to each other. They have no capacity to see humor in slapstick and appear to not be able to really laugh at anything. So sad.
@@Songwriter376 Completely agree
Minecraft
@@luthandonxumalo1254 minecraft
5:03 is quite Minecraft-y.
I absolutely like your videos.Could you please tell something about RDX? It seems to be twice as strong as TNT. Thanks.
3:00 the copper is probably from the shaped charge, liquid copper which shoots through the plate. Not from the detonator
"They poured some out on a brick, gave me the hammer, said stroke it gently and I did... and it went off with one hell of a bang!" .. Sentence of the year :-)
0:13 I could imagine the scientist looking back at this video and being like "Wait, I don't remember surviving that..Where did you get this footage? Is that even nitro exploding?"
another early use for both nitroglycerine and shaped charges was in oil wells; tubes of nitro were set off inside early oil wells to frack them & release more oil from the formation. shaped charges are still used today to perforate the steel casings to allow oil & gas to flow into the wellbore.
Dynamite and nitroglycerin causes dreadful headaches from blood vessel dilation. We sometimes used dynamite on our farm and you did not wear gloves you would get "explosive" headaches. A few years ago I was in the hospital for heart and blood pressure problems I would nearly cry whenever it was time for the nitro dose, morphine would hardly dull the pain.
i just want to say thanks, your vids have helped me through a leave chemistry and i just got accepted into medical school thanks to my good grades in chemistry, i always found you an inspiration :)
You know it's going to be an informative video when that hair tells you "I was once asked to hit nitroglycerin with a hammer..."
Fascinating. I didn't know TNT and Dynamite were different. Now, I know. Also, very interesting what was made for the war effort. What a time!
The term "a banging headache" comes from the old workers involved in the production of Nitro Glycerin as it does indeed cause a crashing headache in some people.
Many nitrate compounds dilate capillaries causing a blood pressure drop, mostly in the head.
He eats bars of chocolate for lunch? ;)
The professor eats TNT bars for breakfast ! it keeps his brain working at that high performance...
That's what I call Black humor joke ; )
Wasn`t it picric acid (Trinitrophenol) that was being loaded in the shells by the women? It is also used as a Dye and is canary yellow.
Correct! It was also called Lyddite, see my posting above. This needs correcting.
By that time, picric acid was not really being used any more as an explosive, more as a feedstock for making better ones. Its sensitivity was problematic and it wasn't very stable ... and the devastating Halifax explosion had turned people off of picric acid. It was TNT that turned the Canary Girls yellow. Of course, if picric acid was used in the process somewhere (I don't know the TNT process offhand), then there might have been a route for contamination.
Having handled artillery shells and their picric acid booster charges, what I saw was that TNT is an off-WHITE color. Five years later, I made my own picric acid (2,4,6-trinitroPHENOL), which was QUITE YELLOW, thank you very much! Oh, and while nitroglycerine can be set off with a five-pound weight dropped from four inches, I also made some mercury fulminate, which can be set off with the same amount of weight dropped from only TWO inches. Always thought-proving when making primary explosives! 😄😄
At circa 7:12 the Prof says the explosion occurred in the ammonium nitrate (AN) and TNT works. AN + TNT mixtures were used as shell fillers (" amatols"). Both the Allies & Germany used amatols to "extend" supplies of TNT. The problem with picric acid is that it forms extremely shock/friction sensitive salts with common metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn ... for which a small amount of the salt can detonate a large amount (such as the main charge in a cannon shell). Premature detonation in the barrels of artillery is bad for the soldiers. Guess what, munitions are commonly made of Fe, Cu, Zn, ...
@@schautamatic I am really confused because it seems that pure picric acid is also pale yellow. I made some and at first my picric acid was exactly that. Pale yellow. But after a recrystallization it turned very yellow. I'm not sure why. Possibly sodium ion contamination that formed some sodium picrate? The recrystallization was somewhat of a failure though. No proper crystals were formed and the contents of the flask bumped and spilled out a lot of the contents which was quite a shame.
I watched all these videos back when I was in high school. Now I'm getting them recommended to me again haha
I always thought TnT and dynamite were the same thing? You learn something new every day
S my iPad was muted and when I turned my sound on at 14 sec all i heard was "stroke it gently, and I did" hahahaha
hahahaha what a timing lol XD
We all do, to start.
5:05 Kids, this is how Minecraft looked in 1965.
I love the tie that crazy doctor wears!
@loveslashdeath i think so too.based on what they said, and on the undergraduate chemistry I know, i think that only a small modification would be required to the formulation of the TNT stick such that some extra oxidizing agent would be required to both set off the explosion, and to help burn all of the TNT powerder.
Fun fact: Mr. Nobel, who discovered nitroglycerin, was told by his doctors to take nitroglycerin for his heart problems. I refused to consume something that he considered to be a very dangerous explosive. He died of heart problems. EDIT: K so he didn't discover it. He made dynamite and made his fortune off of nitroglycerin.
Sobrero discovered NG, Nobel invented dynamite and more significantly the detonator.
"It was found out very quickly that it was very explosive." I'm going to go out on a limb here and guess that "very quickly" probably means "during the process of purifying the very first sample".
I had a mathematics teacher in my first year if high school who had been a powder monkey in the mines of outback Australia in the 50s and he would tell us stories of using dynamite, gelignite, RDX and TNT to blow up things and how different explosives were used for different applications. Also he told us how one day when they had finished a job and they had some sticks of gelignite over and so during their lunch break they packed them into the base of a huge tree stump and let it off. The stump shot hundreds of meters in the air which was great..... until it came down and created a huge crater! Of course no one knew how had actually done it... of course!
7:30 ... That spinning word in the background moves across two monitors perfectly :o
When an apocalyptic event is imminent, I would feel at ease if this man was in the room with top leaders.
Nathan 100% correct , thnx
5:08- When you didn't know you left the gas from your stove on and you light the eye
@Epblueyes First, sulfur hexafluoride is not an element. Second, it's used as a gaseous dielectric medium (it works much better than air), as a contrast agent for ultrasound imaging, as a tracer gas, as a waveguide pressurizer...
@sk8erguy552 Nitroglycerine is an organic name. Nitro is given since you're nitrating glycerin, an alcohol (alcohols are organic molecules who's most important functional group is an -OH, like ethanol which is CH3-CH2OH). Dynamite is just a name. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the same, toluene is another organic molecule, and there's those nitrated nitro- groups, but there's 3 of those. You nitrate these compounds by using certain acids, and then you get these.
7:21 #REKT
Haha
+wrrabec get rest skrub
+wrrabec 5:05 #Wrecked
+wrrabec THE WHOLE PLACE WAS #REKT Don't mess with TNT, scrub.
MrNickTube1 fite me 1v1 irl then
einsteins younger bro youngstein
zweistein :P
+NorwayVFX frostein
Einstein's young brother AnderenStein
Damn you! I was just going to reply with Zweistein :D.
@@NorwayVFX best me to it three years ago bro
This is a terrific section. I think to add to this set you should do a video on fulminated mercury. I could be wrong but I think that that is one of the main ingredients in the detonators.
Near where I live (not far from Nottingham) is Fauld, where 3000 tonnes TNT equivalent exploded at an arms dump in 1944. The 120m deep crater is still visible on google maps, although the tags are all slightly out, the crater is in the wooded area just to the south. Its still fenced off as somewhere underneath are still thousands of tonnes of explosive.
the 500 tons of TNT is only a .5 kiloton nuke, what we use today is one megaton, two thousand times more powerful than that TNT
xXstealth9799Xx "-only- a .5 kiloton" ! ? Nukes may have more blast power but they are also huge polluters.
planetwalker compared to the first nukes todays nukes are like smart cars they put out very little radiation due to the fact that they are more efficient and don't leave as much radioactive materials left over
Michael Jones air detonation of nukes really helps contain the radiation
+Michael Jones Uhhhhh no incorrect here. Left over radioactive materials is not what fallout is..... its radioactive dust that gets picked up from the ground along with ash. It become radioactive due to the fission action occurring in the explosion.
+Michael Jones that's true, though thing about the thousands of nukes those degenerates detonated, in water, high atmosphere, underground etc.. that's massive pollution, plus every single atom is radioactive.. that's silly when you think about it 1 atom = 1 potential cancer or whatever autoimmune disease mutation etc ! think about the millions or billions of particles sprayed in the atmosphere, scary !
A book about women turning yellow should be illustrated in color. JS
I enjoyed the chemistry class. Nitro-glycerin reacts with something to produce TNT, trinitro glycerides. I wonder what the catalyst is?
Great video!!!! And great help for my dissertation. Thanks Andres
Hmm 100g of chocolate for lunch. Yumm I'm glad I watched this now :-)
Please don't throw dynamite on a fire kids.
I'm not an expert, just an old Marine, but it's my understanding that dynamite is "close to" as stable as C4 as long as you haven't let it weep. I've burned C4 many times to heat up my coffee, but I gotta say, even I'd be a little nervous putting dynamite in a fire. There's a reason the military really doesn't use it anymore. Someone better qualified than me, may have a difference of opinion.
@@eljuano28 yikes
A genuine mad scientist. Wonderful!
Dynamite are the parts of fabrics dipped and soaked in nitroglycerine then set in the stick casing that we call the dynamite stick.
detonator cap? So all the movies are wrong then when they blow up dynamite with a firework style fuse?
George Smith Two kinds of detonators; electrical (push the t-handle on the box) & pyrolitic; firework style. Both provide heat to an azide compound. Look up azides: they're great fun ;D
George Smith Well the firework style ones just detonates a compound that explodes very easily with heat and that tiny explosion blows up the dynamite.
You cant make dynomite explode with a usual fuse as it doesnt produce any shockwave. You need a shockwave from another explosion to detonate the dynomite.
No, they just didn't show that you push a detonator with the fuse crimped into it into the stick, as opposed to putting the fuse in directly. Now some may have had them tape the fuse to the outside or something, but if the fuse was sticking out the end, it was coming out of blasting cap/detonator.
A fuse goes to a cap. Not electric
WTF is a arctic roll?
Yiṣḥāq David It is a UK dessert, similar to a swiss roll (or jelly roll in the US) but filled with ice cream too. In fact it is just a tube of ice cream surrounded by a single turn of sponge and jam not a complete spiral to the middle like a swiss roll, which is probably what the chap was thinking of.
chrisofnottingham thanks
Yiṣḥāq David Think giant Twinkie with improvements.
@sk8erguy552 Glycerine is the common name for the compound propan-1,2,3-triol. It comes from a Greek word meaning "sweet," because glycerine has a sweet taste. Nitroglycerine is glycerine which has been modified by the addition of nitrate groups. Dynamite was an advertising name introduced by Alfred Nobel to boost sales, and doesn't really mean much of anything.
2:55 - I may be about ten years late but presumably the traces of copper are not from the detonator casing but rather the copper liner which is compressed/directed by the shaped charge (The Munroe Effect) into a hypersonic fluid-like "jet" which causes the actual penetration.
7:13 Look at the text on the monitor behind the guy. It spins off the screen
dual monitor
There are two monitors
That's why it always makes me smile when movies show explosions in space, because one condition for an explosión to take place is oxigen and in space there is no oxigen.... Excellent videos. thank you for sharing
Learn to speil
***** *read more carefully
TNT =/= Nitroglycerin, point taken about the vaccum explody bits though.
Explosions really need no external oxygen. It would not be possible to get oxygen in from the surrounding air that fast anyway, so that cannot be the mechanism. The mechanism is really a rearrangement of the atoms that are present in the explosive molecules, so that lots of gas is formed and lots of energy is released. Which can happen in space too. What is funny though about most movie images of explosions in space, is that the explosions end up in clouds that stay. Outward motion is not decelerated at all in the vacuum of space.
Explosives which require outside oxygen source are useless. Explosives contain both the fuel and the oxygen within them. Ammonium Nitrate/ Fuel Oil (ANFOS) for instance... the fuel oil provides the carbon based fuel, and the ammonium nitrate provides the oxygen. Koen Th described it correctly. Another funny thing is in most movies, etc, there is noise from the blast, which is not possible in vacuum.
The molecule model you are using looks very nice ! Where can someone buy one of these ?
Bob, Thanks for that. I wish most comments were as good as yours. You may appreciate the following about explosives. (You may even know more about it and can correct me.) It is that the significant difference between black powered and high explosives like TNT is that the flame-front in TNT and nitroglycerine actually proceeds faster than the speed of sound in the material. And that the propagation may have something to do with light. That's why you don't need a tamper with HE.
4:22 "These have enough oxygens in here to make all these carbons turn into carbon dioxide". /counts the atoms 6 atoms of oxygen, 7 atoms of carbon Nope.
The original dynamit was not a success. It was too weak and miners still used nitroglycerin. The real success was "rubber dynamite", which is a gel of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Modern dynamite is mainly ammonium nitrate with some fuel, sensitized with some nitroglycerin or nitroglycol. In civil construction the explosives most frequently used is emulsion explosives, which are a mixture of an ammonium nitrate solution and fuel, sensitized by microspheres or similar. None of the components are themselves high explosives, and the resulting mixture is extremely insensitive to accidentalt detonation.
Wrong
Jay Fischer Just saying "wrong" is useless.
Eric Lin Except Jay Fischer is right: TNT stands for Tri-nitro-toluene NOT ammonium nitrate... We do use AN-FO (ammonium nitrate + fuel oil) but it isn't called dynamite.
Lachlan Allen Except what? I said just saying "wrong" is useless. Whether he himself was right or wrong was and still is irrelevant.
Eric Lin It at least puts some doubt into others so they look it up for themselves.
@periodicvideos I surely appreciate that style!
The penetration depth of a missile or shell before detonation is controlled by a delay fuse,not the time of initiation of the explosive.TNT has a VOD of approx 7000ms,which is virtually instantaneous.
umm why are you eating chocolate for lunch😒
same amount of salt you eat for lunch
Joshua Inniss Not like he only eats chocolate
Lots of muslims in this comments section. You can't fool me I know what you're up to.
....... :)
We're all having a 100 gram chocolate bars for lunch
Ham sandwiches make a better lunch.
Allahu Akbar!
7:38 professor's computer screen saver traveled from one monitor to another, that's awesome.
@MrAtheist93 He has a dual screen set up. You can make windows, pointers, screen savers and other things go from one monitor to another.