Black Holes and the Fundamental Laws of Physics - with Jerome Gauntlett
Black holes are extraordinary and may even hold the key to unlocking the next phase in our understanding of the laws of physics.
Watch the Q&A here: • Q&A - Black Holes and ...
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Black holes are amongst the most extraordinary objects that are known to exist in the universe. Jerome Gauntlett will discuss their fascinating properties and describe the dramatic recent observations of black holes using gravitational waves. He will also explain why it is believed that black holes hold the key to unlocking the next level of our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics.
Jerome Gauntlett is a professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College. His principal research interests are focussed on string theory, quantum field theory and black holes. Most recently he has been investigating whether string theory techniques can be used to study exotic states of matter that arise in condensed matter physics. He was Head of the Theoretical Physics Group at Imperial from 2011-2016.
He was the theoretical physics consultant for the film The Theory of Everything and he has an Erdos-Bacon number of six (having written a paper with Shing-Tung Yau and appeared in the film Windrider with Nicole Kidman).
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Professor Gauntlett gave the lectures for the General Relativity module for our physics course. Despite having learnt all this already, I still find myself sitting down and listening to him speak about physics! Easily one of the best, articulate and well-prepared lecturers I've ever come across!
Literally, who would dislike a free University Lecture?! much less 600 people. wow
Okay so iam a middle schooler and i want to study physics. I love to hear more about physics and life. This was the best lesson ever . I love this lesson.
P
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Middle schooler, 🤣
Not alone.....
Keep learning. Maybe we'll be watching your lecture on this channel one day
This guy is a phenomenal teacher. This is the first time I have heard that the singularity inside a black hole is a singularity in time. He made the entire subject approachable and understandable to someone with little math and physics education.
I have my own theory that there is no such thing as a singularity. I think Black Holes are just giant neutron stars. They are full of neutrons and they can't collapse because time stands still. Without time - nothing can happen.
@@Bobby-fj8mk One would think that a person with such an interesting and important theory would sign their name and address to the revelation, so that the world's press could get in touch with them, to find out the details and the implications. Bobby?
@@TheDavidlloydjones - who - me?
I never would have had any understanding of what Hawking Radiation is had I not listened to this talk. Just one of many great nuggets free for the asking!
Thank you so much for delineating these subjects and putting these in laymen's terms, enabling EVERYONE to grasp and understand
That the LIGO detectors can even be built at all is amazing. That they actually work is even more amazing!
One of the best lectures about black holes. Even though it is one of the toughest and mysterious stuff in physics, he did explain it in a very simple way. Thank you Professor for such a wonderful lecture.
i truly do not believe that anyone on the planet could take that lecture better than him......even though I'm off field here(dentist😅) i tend to have an interest in the topic and almost all of the lecture gave me an insight to what answers I've been looking for years .....hats off professor Jerome!!
I live for the day when these videos will get 20,000,000 views instead of flashy music videos (which will be forgotten in a year or so)
I know absolutely nothing about physics but I just recently started learning about black holes and now I’m hooked. Found this lecture and while this is definitely not my area of educational knowledge, I love how he explained things throughout. Made me feel a bit smarter after watching :)
Such a deep, clear, concise and simple to understand explanation. Fascinating.
Great talk, I learned a bit about hawking radiation, the tuesday analogy and essentially what the next big projects in cosmology might be. You get a glimpse of how things in science/physics are connected, the theories, how Newton wasn't invalidated but rather being a puzzle piece the next generation built upon. Then having relativity and quantum in parallel until we have more knowledge for the next theory. Then there are observations or experiments which are made by essentially spending money on detectors and accelerators. And with more advanced theories we as consumers get more powerful tools, spaceships, GPS, smartphones, that's the engineering benefit of it.
That tutting after each sentence is doing my head in.
Thank you for giving that sound a name. Now I know what to call it.
Yes, it's a really bad habit and he needs to stop it.
@@Slarti I actually don't mind it. Call me weird, but I find it rather soothing.
Irritating lol.
I was wondering why the video had so many dislikes. Didn't even notice it.
Just come across of this channel on you tube, so grateful I found it, incredible incredible lecture and all of them I listened so far very unique. Public is dying for such knowledge and information, its so important for us to know about our Universe and us. Thank you for sharing it with us.
Found this in 2020. And since this lecture "we" have also obtained a photograph of a black hole.
sorry but no... we did not obtain a picture of a black hole. we obtained a picture of the gases and material orbiting a black hole. NOT the actual hole itself. it is literally impossible to photograph a black hole in anyway other than images of it's surroundings. because a black hole doesn't itself emit anything we can photograph.
@Nemesis um... no armchair science please. magnetism, lol.... um.... no. and yes, time does exist and thus there is also space. and yes, they are relative.... because EVERYTHING is relative. literally.... EVERYTHING. hence the term.... "relativity". welcome to life in a 3 dimensional reality. but just for laughs... what do you call the "space" between two objects?
@Nemesis It is reletive only to those who measure it outside the black hole. Inside the black hole past, present and future probably exist in a higher dimension all together at the same one instant. Similar to The Nexus off star trek.
@Nemesis Wow, someone's trolling hard... Mr "other people are in Knindergarden" needs to learn the difference between "your/you're"... If you ever grow up, read up about 'scientific theory'... (I presume you liked your own posts, too...because that's what losers do.)
True
A brilliant and concise lecture. Thank you for sharing it.
The most beautiful explanation about time singularity in the entire internet.
Which is not real is just fary tail so they have something to talk and get paid just brilliant instead of investing in something useful
@@kostadinkondev829Your grammar is absolutely atrocious. You shouldn't be critiquing.
This was excellent. Thank you for offering it to us!
I love the way Professor Gauntlett kisses the brilliant words he has just uttered.
Thank you. I'm not a fan of that particular noise, like others, but you've changed my perspective, and now I can watch it.
Hahahahahahaha omg
Thank you. Glad to know it wasn't just me being over critical. I found this to be very distracting.
We need a compilation of it repeating non stop.
Lmao 😂👌x
What a fantastic speaker, so clear, so detailed, talk so well constructed, thank you for uploading
@@calvinames8528 ok
@@calvinames8528 am looking forward to your 1+ hour presentation
@@calvinames8528 Yes Moose....but the psychological vacuum created by the material density of the conception in the Neoplatonic sense warps the physical dimension in accord with the ideal construction in the higher domain which renders any human measurement mute. Therefore the conceptual web of the human organism is tied down to a constraint of time and the associated curvature of this complex. Once this ideal realm is created it is perfectly possible for the human mind to get sucked into the vortex of its own creation, a type of a black hole. Therefore the ideal realm becomes reality. Or in other words, if you call a bagel sandwich a pizza then it taste like a pizza because it is now a pizza.
@@booklover3959 Shit! That is EXACTLY what I was gonna say!
@@calvinames8528 who the fock are you
The experiment with the clip and the magnet at 23:00 left me genuinely shocked. I never actually thought of comparing the gravitational force of Earth with a magnet the size of my thumb. Like he said, it sounds like a simple, meaningless experiment. But it does show without question that gravity is by far weaker than we usually think.
Fantastic Lecture to listen to over a cup of tea ☕️! Professor is very eloquent. Thank you for the upload 👍
"T's" up
Fascinating talk, really brilliant new insights!
Just happened upon these lectures. Thank you for making them available to the public. Mr. Gauntletts presentation was incredibly good. Makes me wish I paid more attention in college.
pourquoi?
I just closed my eyes and enjoyed the ambient utters.
Perhaps my biggest peeve of all time: Einstein did not CONCLUDE that the speed of light was constant. He INTERPRETED the constant speed of light that physicists of the time kept observing.
That was an absolutely fantastic lecture. Very clear, very precise. Thank you.
Whattttttt????????????????????/
The lecture basically covers how our understanding of the universe and its laws are moving forward..a fascinating topic like Black Holes which are so little known about and so many people talk about them as if they were physicists, makes me wanna punch them in the face when they do that by the way, and I see a lot of comments about lip-smacking and tongue clicking noises, is really your attention span that bad? is your mind really that feeble that you can be distracted from such an amazing topic, by noises we all make?
Serious question, do you feel superior to those commenters?
@@user-qx3pu6pe5q HAHAHAHA Yes I'm their god and I'll smite them all with my lightning for being such pretentious shmucks!!
When not even one person giggled at “studying the motion of Uranus”
I did xD
they were all hoping no one would notice the klingons
I wish more people pronounced it as 'Ur-uh-ness' it sounds far more mysterious and ethereal. But nope, your anus.
@@noahwilliams2662 kling ons hahahahahahahaaaaa
I doubted my nerdiness b/c I laughed and no one else did.
Very nice lecture indeed. Captivating, pedagogical, nicely paced. Thanks.
Amazing lecture, and some great analogies to help understand what's going on. Brilliant
Stunning lecture, and I really appreciate the professional coverage, a joy to watch. Thank you.
Harry Percival. EI8HVB stunning only for those that are ignorant!
Great lecture, he explained everything fantastically.
@@stalzemsty1669He eats Sugar Smacks for breakfast.
Absolutely brilliant, very clear and patient explanation!
Excellent presentation. The animation of the stars orbiting the galactic black hole was amazing. I also liked how the presenter emphasized Newton's theories were not disproven so much as subsumed into the larger framework of General Relativity. This is one key aspect of scientific progression that is misunderstood by the general populace.
I found this lecture to be lip smacking good.
-OK Internet- ha!
Great speaker, minus the lip smacking .....geeesh, horrible habit
Eli King Biting the lips, and lip smacking is a signs of uncertainty!
I was peacefully listening until I read this, now I cant help but notice it damnit
It's killing me
According to the knowledge we have of black holes, I do believe that black holes must be a single particle . However big or small , they couldn't be made up of many particles . They're one of the missing particles .
Hmm
Gabe Cerrato singularity
WOAH! Amazing demonstration! 29:09 Had no clue the interference was so sensitive... to a sound wave (moving the lasers right?). That was crazy.
Excellent description and very helpful understanding of the physics of black holes.
the most easy to understand explanation for me so far about how these things fundamentally works. Thank you Professor, great talks.
Excellent lecture about the black holes. Thank you professor.
Extremely clear and comprehensible presentation.
Excellent lecture, really good intro to a lot of current physics.
Thank you for a fantastic lecture.
l mm m pååkåup pååkåup puh händige problem opinion å å ljusterö ljusterö och åkte hem honom att han är en fin fin p r och påverka medlemsstaternas å på påtp så n å vad ii å föri öl öl är håhåjaja tvivlar ejnån å kommentar sökbar ny nu nu och och och och åkp the ijj en jagpjj k att jag k jag och och vad lördag ljusterö och åkte åkte hem hem från jobbet ok ok vad lördag ö få pupjuouu å fy medlemsstaternas territorier upp e ok sovapu nui hos min mamma oj då å u
@@TheQuallsing ???
Fantastic lecture! Taking something so complex and making it so simple. Im quite earily in my space engineering studies and must say I did not know how the particles formed and collapsed in vacuum before. Thank you professor!
KZhead recommendation machine: Black holes lectures from the RI back to back to back (this is the third it gave me)...Scientifically super interesting, but I can't imagine a more...apocalyptic subject-related recommendation than that! :D
fantastic lecture. Very clear, very precise. Thank you
Recall that gravity is indistinguishable from acceleration. It's a heck of a lot easier to think about acceleration than curved space-time IMO. So, with the acceleration metaphor for gravity in mind, is the following an accurate description of events? Throw a ball up into the air. Our arm's muscle overcomes the ball's weight and gives the ball momentum relative to us. Up it flies. Gravity is not a force, so the ball does not "run out of momentum against the force of gravity and fall back to earth." Instead, is it exactly as if, standing on the earth, our 'floor' is pushing us ever faster upward and outward such that we are being accelerated at 9.8m/s^2, but the ball, not being pushed on by the earth, does not accelerate but rather continues moving uniformly just as it moved the instant it left our hand, with no further forces acting on it, until we, being further accelerated by our connection to the earth, observe the ball seeming to slow its rise, pause, and then change direction to "fall" back down to earth with what appears to us to be a 9.8m/s^2 acceleration. So it's not the ball falling to earth, it's us being accelerated until we overtake the ball's uniform motion. Weird. But okay.
Thank you *smack* for this wonderful presentation *smack* Professor :)
smack EXACTLY smack THANK YOU!
Went about 7 mins in to the video, read your comment, then bam it hit me. Great, now that is all I hear is some blah blah blah SMACK!, blah blah blah SMACK!
Jewdo Master 厂，
Sounded like he had 5 or 6 jolly ranchers in his mouth....
Great lecture, just leaves me with more questions !!!
A really beautiful lecture, thank you.
Mass(in kilograms)=Charge squared(in Coulombs squared) x 10 to the power minus 7 divided by distance(between two charges in meters). Thus Newton's Law Of Universal Gravitation is absolutely equivalent to Coulomb's Law of electromagnetic attraction (or repulsion) and therefore gravity is identical with electromagnetism and quantum gravity is just electromagnetism of the quanta.
Electric charge comes in positive and negative varieties though, so its definitely different.
Newton's intuition (though he declined to hypothesize this) was that gravity attracts at near distances, and cohere, but at greater distances, both attracts and repels( that is both positive and negative charges are acted on at greater distance by gravity). Thus both positive and negative charges are subsumed in Newton's Law of Gravity ( "On the Shoulders of Giants" 2002 edition, page 1160).
@@BrettHar123 You can derive the equation from the S.I. units equivalence of 1 coulomb = 1 joule / 1 volt.
If the effect of gravity is instantaneous, how does a gravitational waves work? The very nature of a wave suggests that it propagates from the source which means it takes time for the 'signal' to travel. I'm totally missing something.
From what I understand, in the lecture around the 12 min mark. The observations Newton made were an emergent property of the curvature of space-time. Newton was right to be suspicious about the observations he made, unfortunately he didn't have the scientific capability of making the types of measurements we can make today. The LIGO detectors are an incredibly advanced engineering and technology accomplishment. I sure wish I could get into the field of physics haha
'instantaneous' would still be limited by the speed of light though I think. I also know space-time itself doesn't have that speed limit, but I think any kind of wave would have that speed limit, which would still make it 'instant' since that the fastest speed information can travel. I think?
if sun disappeared now earth would still feel its gravity for 8,3 minutes
I heard from another lecture that they confirmed that light and gravity travels at around the same speed because of a star that was detected by Ligo and by observatories. Been binging so I can't remember which video.
One of the very best RI-lectures.
I love this topic. I want to know more about this lesson. thankyou
didn't even notice the lip smacking until I read the comments and even after that it didn't bother me!
udo dirkschneider I noticed it but it didn’t bother me. That’s just something some people do, including a lot of lecturers.
udo dirkschneider you weren't really listening then.
UDO: but his lip smacking is better than the "haaa.... haaa" uttered during pauses in between sentences by other speakers !!
I didn't notice either but after it was pointed out it was all I could hear lol
Polite and considerate people don't do that.
I've been sick so I put on some lectures to listen to while I rest, I fell asleep and the nextvideos opening theme came on. I think my heart stopped for a moment and sh*t myself...
We've made them less deafeningly loud recently. Sorry for the scare!
I have many questions, but first, about the LIGO or interferometer specifically. Does the gravity wave manifest as a space or time distortion or is it a spacetime distortion? Does one arm see a length change or is the wavelength phase modulated or is there difference between looking at it either way over what is happening in the other arm? Is a gravity wave propagated as orthogonal space and time fields analogous to EM waves? Where can I find these answers?
In quantum mechanics, the concept of a point-like particle is complicated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, because even an elementary particle, with no internal structure, occupies a nonzero volume... but great lecture 🔥🔥🔥
The opening theme is too loud. I've been following this channel for years, and I jump out of my skin every single time I play a video. Would someone do something about it, please? Thanks.
KZhead has this function called Auto-Play, where it'll automatically play the next video before you can alter the volume lower. The lecture volume is fine. The intro isn't. I do agree it's minorly cumbersome to have to manually lower the volume specifically for the first 6 seconds of every lecture video but then not have to adjust the volume after.
Yes, that's what I meant: only the first few seconds when the logo is showing, otherwise I have nothing against the lecture volume as a whole.
Agreed!
agreed
yup
I fell asleep listening to this and had awesome scifi dreams about traveling through black holes!
You were dreaming about what we might actually be doing. Pretty insightful. Our perception of the expansion or inflation of the universe would be exactly the same assuming we were collapsing in, rather than far out galaxies moving away. This would also serve to explain dark energy, or how 'empty' space, contains 99% of the energy within the cosmos. I'm convinced our current theories about the nature of our reality are exactly opposite the truth, and were too stubborn to retheorize these fundamental understandings, for fear of reprisal.
A demonstration of the art of speaking at its best. Prof. Gauntlett has a superb command of his material, speaks beautifully and rationally, and does not invent arbitrary nonsenses to make his facts and his ideas, which he distinguishes well, fit into any arbitrary plan. A very fine and responsible teacher! He speaks the macro and quantum views being unconnected in the concepts we have achieved so far with elegance and precision from 47:33.
we need more captivating nerds like jerome
"Gravity, my old nemesis, you win again" - Zap Brannigan
My daughter was genuinely being born as I was listening to this. 8 lbs 10 ounces gotta love wireless headphones
Wow. This might genuinely be the best endorsement we have ever received.
SO WHERE WERE YOU??
Holding my wifes hand as she pushed lol
That is one big baby. Condolences to your wife. Congratulations to you both.
Happy birthday baby
is graviton an elemental particle that is somehow responsible for the gravitational field or the geometric orientation of space time or is it a different quantum particle?
Absolutely superb presentation!!!
It's not lip smacking he's blowing kisses to me while I listen. Ya'll just jealous.
Trust me - even if every word of this is true, not one soul on this earth is jealous.
@@chuckschillingvideos Cleaver girl
Actually, I am experiencing a different kind of lip smacking in the form of I have some fried chicken in front of me currently. It's "Lip smacking" goooo-ooooooooooodddd.
19:30 pretty cool that the star that passed the closest reached a vertex (point (0,0) on an x^2 parabola) almost exactly at year 2000. just coincidence but a pretty neat one.
No one cares
it might be stimulated.. who knows. :/ Some coincidences are too good to be true
Thanks a lot to show us this beautifull lecture Love you With regards
Wonderful lecture. Great, intellectual speaker. Learnt so much about black holes. Tq...
11:35 Here the idea that in GR gravity is understood as curvature of spacetime and not a force in Newtonian sense is explained by an analogy which assumes that gravity is a force in Newtonian sense :-)
I agree. That was sloppy. A clearer image is that everything moves in a straight line and that the space they travel in is curved. The straight line in curved space image makes the most sense to me.
New drinking game! Take a shot for every lip smack
The guy is obviously handicapped. What a dilemma. Excellent information but unshareable. Because this guy a lip smacking fiend.
I tried your game. By the fercond somonnn aye wass clooooooo-MARFT!! 🤪🤪🤪
Beautiful lecture ... Overwhelming ... Humbling ...
Really
Great demonstration... About the topic... 👏
For some reason, I imagine Ed Bassmaster giving this lecture. Would ya just look at it?! *cackle*
Brilliant.
6:50 I’d pay for someone to find for me every single person who laughed, giggled, smiled or you can see they’re holding in a smile or a laugh
Great concise explanation of black holes.
I find your conception of our universe quite bizzare.
"Fascinating" "It's coming at us!" "Fascinating" "Run!!!" "Fascinating" "You're being sucked into it!!!" "Fascinatiiiiiiiiiinnnnng"
Fascinating, thanks. Now is the Higgs Boson decoupled from a photon, at speed? Also, how is the quantum essence of space, a brane at the Planck scale, related to the Higgs?
I spend my days amongst other humans who are utterly oblivious to any and all of the wonderously complex and insanely mindblowing knowledge of our ginormous universe. It's sad really that they know so very little and do not strive to come to know anything to expand their almost nonexistent mental file on the subject. For them, they are aware of an abstract idea that is called space and all the matter in it and that we occupy a space in this bigger space, but beyond that, they are generally unable to conceive of a more complex idea than that. Why do I have to know what I'm able to know and learn what I'm able to learn and they do not? I do not believe I am somehow better or superior to them, I just have the mental capacity to be capable of understanding, in large part, these physics questions and wonderful ideas and amazing theories. It does make me feel quite lonely at times though. Does anyone else experience this problem in their lives who are watching this? I'm just curious.
The zero-point energy emitted might be the origin of the discovered dark energy, which comprise 73% of the total mass of the universe. My surmise is that dark energy then condense into dark matter, which in turn condense into ordinary matter:hydrogen atoms, thus completing an eternal cosmic cycle of matter to energy, and energy to matter.
if you mean hawking radiation by "zero-point energy" this cannot be. Dark Matter and Dark Energy are not radiation, as any known form of radiation, that includes the one coming from a black hole, does not behave how they do. Dark Matter seems to only interact through gravity, not any other force. All forms of radiation interact with the electromagnatic field.
"my surmise" is bad phrasing. Dark matter and dark energy are theorized because physicist has a general idea of the amount of matter present in the entire universe and the gravitational behaviour suggest there are more "things" than just ordinary matter. Also, matter don't just disappear, you can follow how they evolve from compound to compound and matter to energy. This doesn't mean your theory is wrong though, just that physicist have their ducks in a row, and are most likely justified being puzzled or justified how they postulate ideas.
Maybe there is no dark matter/energy
he really needs to sort out that tutting tick, proper baked my noodle
Jack Kessler I am watching this on a 2009 iMac 27". There is no lip-smacking / tutting sound. Check your source.
Wonderful. Thank you.
A great presentation, deep and humbling. Science should be a humble are of life because one is venturing into the actual creation of LIFE! Thank you and very encouraging.
My theory is that all matter and space comes from SPACE ITSELF .
Fake! Does that make sense? How can you prove scientifically that something came from nothing? Is that even science?
@@ingodwetrustgachatuber2747 silence. Religion is what is not even science.
As much as I wanted to finish watching, I couldn't. The lip smacking.. muh gawd.
This is why Neil Tyson gets the big bucks.
@@rowanvolvo5454 Hah, yes! I love NGT... except in that one video where he was eating hot wings and got a bit lip smacky. But he gets a pass... because he was eating.. hot wings and being asked to explain the universe while trying not to die from super hot sauce. lol
At 16:30, what does he mean that positively charged matter will neutralize a black hole immediately? I have not heard of that. Unless of course theres some kind of interaction between the EM charge of the black hole and its event horizon and matter caught in the "vortex". (Term used very loosely)
This lecture is mind blowing
I fell asleep to Vsauce and ended up here....
I fell asleep to a video of AI learning to play the dinosaur game
oh yeah, I've seen that one!
the lecturer would benefit from a chest mic rather than a cheek mic
Finally! New info on black holes. After learning their was a extra large blackhole in our galaxy I freaked out! My basic understanding of them was that they gobble everything up and nothing could escape. I can rest now knowing that they disappeared leaving behind what they gobbled up. In what state is the matter in after being gobbled up?
is there a Computer Generated picture of only known or conjectured black holes of the universe ? any possibility of seeing the topographical display in toto ? as it exists at some/any known state? projected with or without "Spin" perhaps outlined in a red outer ring to represent them?
Most or all galaxies have a major black hole at their centers. So a map of all the galaxies is also a map of all the supermassive black holes. Google 'Hubble Ultra Deep Field' for the famous photograph.
6:48 I'm 32 and that still made me laugh lol!
...more energy than from every sun in the universe? That is a lot. Even for two gigantic black holes colliding...
36 septillion yottawatts; about 50 times more. Yep, that sure is a lot.
@@nemesis4785 sounds like a made up number, but a quick web search confirms it: www.sciencenews.org/article/black-hole-smashup-generated-yottawatts-power
@@thomasr7129 @Nemesis It's true. Converting three solar masses to energy almost instantly produces a lotta yotta.
I'm just now watching this lecture...after SagA* has been confirmed and "photographed".......how cool is science!!!!
What a beautiful lecture! I recommend watching with the Minecraft soundtrack playing in the background.