What Happened At The Beginning Of Time? - with Dan Hooper
We’re learning more and more about the recent history of our universe, but how much do we really know about its very first few seconds?
Dan’s book "At The Edge Of Time" is available now - geni.us/noTSA
Watch the Q&A: • Q&A: What Happened At ...
Ever since Edwin Hubble observed that the universe was expanding in 1929, cosmologists have had their work cut out for them trying to solve the seemingly impossible questions arising from the time immediately after the Big Bang.
In this talk Dan Hooper explores the perplexing problems surrounding the secrets of the early universe, and the far-reaching implications some of the answers might have for the understanding of the universe we think we have today.
Dan Hooper is Senior Scientist and the Head of the Theoretical Astrophysics Group at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. He is also an Associate Professor in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Chicago. Previously, he was the David Schramm Fellow at Fermilab, and a postdoc at the University of Oxford. In 2003, he completed his PhD in physics at the University of Wisconsin.
This talk was filmed in the Ri on 10 February 2020.
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We didn't know how little we really knew about the Big Bang until this talk! If this has whet your appetite to learn even more about our early universe, check out this talk from Andrew Pontzen, 'What Made Our Universe?' kzhead.info/sun/eceMfMp_faOEhI0/bejne.html And, as always, let us know what you thought of this talk in the comments!
This is the best explanation I have ever heard. Thanks for having him.
Thank you for watching!
Could it be that there are some kind of particles locked up in spacetime itself? And could these particles, if real, be dark matter? Or perhaps gravitons? I think that spacetime has secrets that have yet to be revealed. Perhaps producing gravitational waves at ultra high frequency could radiate particles of spacetime much the way electromagnetism produces photons. Please share your thoughts if any and I thank you for your time.
If the universe was more compressed, was the temperature lower? No room for molecules to vibrate should mean less temperature? Just like in a black hole. The temp near the core should be close to zero because the gravity leaves no room for vibration. Stored temperature-potential yes, but true temperature no...?
0jj
Another gem from the RI! These types of talks should be watched by billions of people, not thousands. Our species needs more science and less supernatural nonsense.
I don't know how you call this science if he doesn't give any measured numbers, let alone good answers.
Take of your flight mode defense cloak and join the expanse or risk becoming stagnant like your thought process
I appreciate the intellectual honesty regarding what is still unknown, and why it's unknown; i.e., theories vs. technological capabilities
I dunno.... An essentially negative society seems to create negative science, and the inherent contradictions in Dark Matter and Dark Energy still rankle me. It all seems patched together in response to faulty data... all based on a handful of years of observations all based on what is seem from incredible distances, and all based on absolute reliance on the Constant Speed of Light. And then; "it probably isn't". Huh....
How would people in your dreams explain the origin of their universe? "One moment nothing, next moment, EVERYTHING."
What a terrific speaker this man is ! Whenever one watches a talk like this one can only end up being in utter Awe .. but saying ‘ the more we know , the more we know how much we do not know ‘ “ The Fool says in his heart …. this all just ‘ happened’ …..
The greatest obstacle to discovery is not ignorance - it is the illusion of knowledge. -- Daniel Boorstin
Sorry. The greatest obstacle is: Is this BS enough to take?
@@StarNumbers ?
our thought process is influenced by the belief that 0 exist
All he said throughout the lecture is: we now know this and we know that without presenting any piece of evidence. If universe has changed so drastically since it’s origin (which is again a speculation) how can today’s equations be applicable to the universe that was present then?
An educated guess is how we think up testable experiments.
I never knew George Clooney was a physicist ...
He used to be a medic in Chicago during the 90's.
That's what I thought too. He looks just like him
Amazing! When I first started watching this I thought the same thing.
🤣🤣
Just because he has white hair 👨🦳 i dont think so looser
I went with my husband to the Wilson Observatory north of L.A. and stood where Hubble explained his observations to Einstein. At 60 I was as thrilled as a 6 year old meeting Mickey Mouse.
"History abundantly shows that people's views of the universe are bound up with their views of themselves and of their society. The debate in cosmology has implications far beyond the realm of science, for it is a question of how truth is known. How these questions are answered will shape not only the history of science, but the history of humanity." (Eric Lerner, 1992) spaceandmotion
Love Dan Hoopers lectures. Understandable and interesting. ⚛️ 🧬
I can't get over his sibilance
This was by far my favorite lecture I've seen from the Royal Institution so far! And endless props to Dan Hooper for his explanation of everything. It was simple enough to understand from a layman's point of few, yet detailed enough to give a deep enough sense that one could give a detailed explanation to a person that hadn't watched it and still have said person understand. But even more impressive is that it was explained in a way that gave rise to more questions than answers in a satisfying way as opposed to one that just muddied the water more. I love it and can't wait for more!
Thanks for the lovely words, Jacob! We've got plenty more like Dan's talk on our Physics playlist if you fancied any further watching: kzhead.info/sun/l6ZwlJxxZIt-nYU/bejne.html
Jacob Hendrickson You are correct it was detailed. But I have to inject my theory 🙄 and call it detailed bull. A very informative lie. The Bible is the whole truth and nothing but truth. APTTMH!
@@DonaldWigginsTeamInfinity AHAHAHAHAHAHAAAAAAA,thats a good one
Don Jonsen They think because it’s informative and researched it’s true. Said all that to say “We don’t know”. 😂
@@DonaldWigginsTeamInfinity Thats the beauty of the Scientific Method;being able to say,“We don’t know”. Unlike theists,who love to say,"god did it",instead of “We don’t know”. YOUR 'Theory'(😂) is...'The Bible is the whole truth and nothing but truth' Could be...now prove it through scientific method. Hint: You cant
I simply wonder who and why can dislike such a piece of wonderful enlightment.
Nothing new here, this speech has been given hundreds of times by various speakers, with the same mistakes even. (Theres more than three quarks but the rest are in pairs and there is 3 extra unpaired ones, spacelike seperated before/after/now is meaningless without a reference frame, etc.).
@@deltalima6703 Well, I see your point. But if you take into account target audience, I think it is brilliant.
Those of fragile ego who cling to the comforting illusion that they are their own personal God's extra special crispy snowflakes, & thus get very annoyed when someone rattles the bars around their playpen...
First class lecture which confirmed most of my understanding ( recently acquired. ) of this subject. I am looking forward to hearing more from Dan Hooper and will start with reading his book
What we know is impressive. What we don't know even more so.
so glad you are impressed
Most of what we "know" is really only what we THINK we know, and is probably at least partially wrong.
@@freedapeeple2536 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
What most people don't know is that it's all fictional. But it keeps math heads in a very lucrative career. Like a lot more things. "All that we KNOW is that we KNOW nothing."
I’m more concerned with how we are going to slow down our demise haha.
What a wonderful opportunity. Thank you very much.
Exceptional talk on this most fascinating subject. I've watched many such KZheads which include Cosmic Inflation, and there's one thing that I always fail to understand. While Cosmic Inflation offers a solution to many puzzles, I never understand why it solves the puzzle about all points of the universe being observed to be at the same temperature 'because there was never time for them to have been in contact'. I can never square this with the notion that that same observable universe was originally vastly smaller than a proton, implying that everything was very much in contact with everything else. Please be sure that I know it's me that's thinking wrongly about this, and I'm very willing to learn.
I know that there a lots of people smarter than I am. However, I don't think that it is anything other than speculation that the entire universe was smaller than a proton. Perhaps they have created mathematics that say so but "created" is the key word here.
They have supposedly ruled out the singularity as being physically impossible. But the revised size of the possible smallest universe is supposedly about the volume of a human body.🤯
Every human who ever lived was alive at the pinnacle of science and technology from their perspective.
I watch these kinds of videos all the time but this is the first time I've seen Dan Hooper. He does a great job.
Why use a icrap for presentation?
Agree. I recently found his podcast and it’s pretty good too
what an incredible presentation this guy is the best RI presenter to date, no notes, no screen, very impressive
Would not have been any less impressive if he had notes .... and he definitely has a screen in Front of him
Best lecture on this subject I ever heard because it was both systematic and understandable. Thank u.
Be Honest now....How many have you really listened to.
Best public lecture I've heard in years. You cover everything, with very latest understanding. Thank you, Sir.
Really a great source of knowledge. Just loved this channel. 😊😊🤗🤗
Aw shucks.
These type of lectures are awesome, watched all of it
All the RI lectures like this? What’s your favorite? I’ve been making my way through many of them...not all yet.
Finally, a clear explanation! THANK YOU!!! The same subject is usually covered by endlessly repeating the same old tired statements without clearly stating what they mean.
Great lecture! One of the rare ones where i watched from beginning till end. :)
Excellent presentation!
I am reminded of this - “There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable." "There is another theory which states that this has already happened.” ― Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
totally agree! bla bla bla but still nothing !
The universe and all therein was created by God to declare His glory. It really is that simple.
@@alantasman8273 Well he needs to get Himself down to Earth to accept our accolades and rapturous applause. In person.
@@Skraeling1000 No, He is a Holy God and He has made a way for us to live eternally with Him but first we have to repent and ask Jesus the Christ into our lives so that we can be cleansed before we can come before a Holy God. That's the plan, whether we decide to accept it determines are eternal course.
Interesting, the short story, the 9 Billion Names of God.
This is one of the best lectures on this topic on YT
Excellent presentation, Prof. Hooper. Thanks.
Fabulous lecture. Thank you. I'm still not follow his explanation about what the universe is expanding into though. But I do appreciate that he had plenty of caveats regarding what they know and what they don't. Sounds like a lot of faith is still required here too. This is how science should be--lots of discovery yet to happen. Really enjoyed it.
@@ecosseman I have, as yet, watched this video. But scanning the comments section, I came across this... "The 'somewhere' can't pre-exist time and space." Hmmmm....isn't that what happened in the beginning? Before time and space existed there had to be some sort of 'somewhere/something'. I'll watch this, and get back at ya later...
You can call me a 'slow potato', but I still didn't get the answers I was hoping for... If you can make it clearer for me, feel free!
Watched many, many such videos but this guy does the best job communicating these difficult concepts.
Absolutely !!!
Could'nt agree more! Brian Cox, Brian Green, watch out you have a major competitor lol
So Mr. Hopper, you were there at the beginning of the universe. Fascinating.
I am 15 minutes in, and this is probably the most amazing thing I've heard in my life. It's the most significant, most profound thing for me. I've always been somewhat of an atheist/agnostic/ no clue kind of person. But I may be experiencing an epiphany about God and creation that is of astronomical proportions. The speaker explains this stuff so well.
He explains in a way a simpleton like me can understand....great man
You're no simpleton
He explained it in a way suitable only for simpletons.
@@timothysdog6130 How would you know if he is simple or not?
I'm a dotard and even I understood
Great lecture. I really enjoyed it very much.
Dont You Mean Great Brainwashing
As a trained science educator and experienced public speaker who h as taken uncounted presentation skill training classes, I want to emphasize how well Dan has communicated complex ideas in clear and concise language for the common person. Well Done!
...whilst looking like George Clooney
Agreed! Didactic lecture. I can't help but notice, though, that he's got the cadence and timbre of a youth pastor..
As a blablabla, typical egocentric comment....
@@KL-te1dq I concur
@@KL-te1dq Nacho , nacho nacho pila nacho...
Good stuff! This actually expanded my sizable amateur knowledge of this subject.
Woow what a lecture
That was an epic rock opera of a lecture, wow. I feel SO close to understand a tiny morsel of the matter - please, Dan Hooper, give us more!
Imagine our grasp of the origin of the Universe is like a fish hooked and reeled in. He is out of the water, his fish-eye vision distorts his perception further. Then, he is released back into the water and swims to the bottom telling everyone he now understands the origins of water.
thats about it in this case
You are onto something there. Lol
That was really deep 😳
I remember a very funny cartoon I saw ages ago in that regard: Two fishes are sitting in an underwater bar each with a drink in his hand. The one fish says to the other, "I'm telling you- I was in the boat!" (but I will tell you too I was like a fish out of water listening to this fellow)
Amazing explanation, thank you !
Those were some of the clearest explanations I have ever listen to. Nice to have access to this great content
If you want sensible and much clearer explanations you need to learn about the Electric Universe theory.
Or the truth, "Ken Wheeler" or "Lori Gardi". Plato's Field Theory before atomists came up with Science Fiction.
Most of them come up with about the same since I began seen this kind of programs.
@@sanctusexitium9956 I agree that this stuff makes no sense, but the electric universe has many crazies in it.
Wow! Really great "story" telling and an outstandig speech! 👍🏼😎
Awesome presentation and talk on the origins and mysteries of a potential multi-universe !
This is only one theory, you know. The Steady State theory is just as valid at this point-even more so if you consider that new discoveries show that red-shifted light is attributable to more than just distance, as experiments have now proven, and Arp has documented incessantly, may he rest in peace. My thinking is that if you say that you *think* something is true, then you are open to experiencing new concepts about your observations of your universe; if you say that you *know* something to be true, you know much less than you think, and; if you *believe* something to be true, then you will listen to no one about anything, because in the end, the sad truth about humanity is that our *beliefs* trump our logic, always.
Who is Arp? I have questions myself because we have built an entire image of the universe and the history of it, just on the observation of the red shift. But what if the red shift has another explanation? what experiments? I always keep in mind that it is a human weakness to expect that everything must have a beginning and an end.
Great video as always, RI. Channels like yours warm my hearth and give me hope. This is what KZhead should be, this is the kind of channel parents should show their children. I can't thank you enough for making this kind of content available worldwide for free. Cheers from a big fan in Brazil.
Thanks for your lovely words, Gabriel! We're so glad you're enjoying our videos!
I agree with your assessment that this presentation was suitable for children.
@fynes leigh This is not my area of expertise, but the beauty of science is that everyone can verify or contradict anything (or discover/propose something) as long as they commit to it. These people are called scientists. Sure you are not implying that if a cab driver or a lawyer can't prove it, it's no nonsense, are you? Also this kind of talk is aimed at the general public and youngsters as a curiosity and to spark interest, so they can read and study more about the topic if they want, and even, maybe, become scientists themselves.
@fynes leigh Sure thing, pal. Let us know when you find or create something interesting with one of your experiments. Or when you refute some scientific theory, that's nice too. Cheers.
@@SolaceEasy Children and laymen, yes, and the entertainment of the general public and even researchers from another areas. I could show my papers and articles to someone, but it sure wouldn't achieve the results these talks (or documentaries) do.
Very engrossing worth watching several times just to grasp the scope of this tremendous subject.
Thanks Loved looking in on this.
Thank you for a plausible explanation, Dan.
A Plausible Explanation But Not An Answer
Wow this is a really great lecture. How did I miss it 4 months ago? ❤️
We where all wondering that
A very good and clear explanation of his knowledge and ideas about the subject.
I wish there could be more discussion about what was there before the big bang,,I think that there are still important questions that need to be discovered.
Great and humbling lecture. Thanks Dan.
Perfect!!!!
10:37 kind of like a step forward, right? :D awesome lecture, thanks!
It starts like a Fairy Tale : Once upon a time ... So much imagination ,great story teller ,vivid fantasy.
@@strange-universe Where can you take something that supposedly happened billions of years ago as facts? It's all speculation, and in this case, massive.
I agree, this is speculation based on an unproven theory.
This was a really good overview lecture.
That was great, really giving kids a glimpse of what is and is not known in science. Something for them to aim at.
@fynes leigh trolling for the sakes, i see
Another great presentation.i was so glad the day I found this channel and you've hurt my head everyday since,thank you ha
Glad to hear we're causing the right kind of head-scratching feeling!
Dan's lecture was very vivid and easy to understand. I was captivated the whole way thru. Thank you for this upload :)
Easy to understand?? The test is tomorrow morning at 0800. I want to sit next to you so keep one hand in your lap so I can cheat at bit.....or cheat a lot.
@@larryking2697 Bring some condoms.
Got it, Dan. Thank you.
Excellent talk. Thank you Dan Hooper. Thank you Royal Institution. Thank you Albert Einstein.
Thank you for watching!
NEUTON is over Ainstein with 95 percent.
Excellent!! I wish the video would have shown the "Questions and Answers" at the end of the presentation,.... but it doesn't !!!
There is another video of q and a
The favourite moment in my job was attending an event once, and realising I was seated where the camera is here.
Excellent lecture. I am really happy I listened.
This is the best lecture on this subject that I ever heard. Dan, thanks a million. Superb
I agree
This was a great talk on many levels. He gives us a peek at just how fascinating the universe really is, it gives me a sense of mind bending distances and time.
It's a bunch of fairy tales.
@@yutehube4468 I haven't read the bible yet. But I'll take your word for it
@@bute123 That'll be a strawman argument, I never mentioned the bible.
@@yutehube4468 No you didn't mention the bible or say anything with substance. For me to have a straw man argument you would have to be for or against something. you would build an argument on that basis and make rebuttals ect, you didn't. You made a vague lazy statement. I made an assumption.
Great lecture. I didn't understand it but it was still very informative.
Love this prez, not trying to be funny, but intense and focused. Hi excellent!
Our minds work alike, Dan. You are a gifted teacher and speaker ... asking all the right questions. Wonderful presentation (especially for curious, awestruck, thinking people)! Best I've ever heard. "Hats off" for sure!
This talk was excellent. It helped me more fully understand a number of concepts I’ve always had a problem understanding.
Outstanding presentation for the layman...have much appreciation for understanding our universe, its complexity, the parameters man is discovering daily, dangers facing space exploration and effects on astronauts reaching out further in our location in the universe...great lecture!
Amazing with what confidence this person speaks. Almost as if he was there at every moment in time of which he speaks. Not once does he state “we believe” or “we think”. He makes statements of fact.
Trust the science, trust the government....
As an engineer I really appreciate what the scientists/physicists (including theoretical)/mathematicians/etc. have done to increase knowledge. It was a hard call going in to the career choice. These fields drew my interest quite a bit, as well. Except maybe math. By the time I got to DE I was feeling more and more lost, or at least a bit too heavily challenged.
What's DE?
@@savage22bolt32 differential eqns
@@JeffMTX OH 💡 Thank you for that. I will look it upnow.
I still remember reading in New Scientist the first indications that the expansion of space-time was accelerating! His analogy of throwing a rock upwards & it accelerating away from your hand is perfect. That's just what is happening. I'm convinced all these puzzles aren't just loose ends and that to progress it'll take a revolution just like relativity & quantum mechanics. The one fear i have is that maybe we won't be able to work it out. I mean, you could spend years trying to teach your dog orbital mechanics. You'll never get anywhere because the dog just hasn't got the brain to understand it. No matter how hard you try. Who's to say that our brain that evolved on the plains of Africa is able to grasp what is really going on. Maybe we're the dog confronted with orbital mechanics? But, that's no reason to quit. It's amazing how far our primate brain has taken us. I'm 56. I hope we can at least glimpse a path ahead before i'm toast!
Where did the rock come from?
I think you're in for more than a few big surprises and disappointments, and sooner would be better than later (or never).
@@mrniceguy3750 Thought experiments and analogies use imaginary rocks. My imaginary rocks are bright purple and are found in my imaginary pockets.
@@mlmimichaellucasmontereyin6765 I'm 56 so sooner would be good! 😆
@@Aengus42 > At age 73.5 i prefer ASAP. After all, the only nonlethal cure for mass-stupidity is "wising up" (usually due to karma, pain, failures, tragedies, etc.).
Fascinating lecture. What a brilliant communicator and awesome subject. But I must know... how can there be no channel 1 on US television?! 🤯
Tks I really enjoyed this at first I thought no then later I was all in !
Very good talk. Subbed +1
An excellent talk. Very enjoyable. Thanks again RI for putting on these fascinating lectures. (P.S. I usually try to explain the expansion of space itself with the analogy of blowing up a balloon to be larger and larger with dots on it representing galaxies, etc. It's probably not a very accurate analogy but it does help to get the nature of expansion across. Well, at least my dog thinks so.)
WHO is inflating the balloon?
@@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668 Santa Claus
@@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668 The laws of physics. But let me guess who you think it is....."God." And my response would be "Who inflated god?"
@@Dr10Jeeps My self dont think that our universe is expanding, what it is is that all matter acomodates into space in 7 different levels so all they are looking at are the wave length of such levels. About God well I steped aside long time ago.
@@Dr10Jeeps Our Sun expands and contracts so all stars do, as well galaxies, cluster of galaxies, super clusters of galaxies and so on so as well our universe cause as we know till now the cosmos is made of stars to where ever we see, this gives a reason to say that as well our universe does that but wait stars are made of atoms and all atoms some how are ENTANGLED by pairs WHY then should not stars be entangled too? How can larger things scape from been entangled if all things whatever they are must to be made of atoms? My self believe that not a thing may scape from some how been entangled as well universes.
epic lecture !
His talk only made things more confusing. I'm going to watch the Disney channel now 😜🍿
I got this recommended for the second time 24 hours after I watched it the first time. Like KZhead knew that I needed to watch it at least two times to digest it. Anyway - great presentation! Here we go again...
Of course, KZhead knows What You are looking at...
What an incredibly fascinating lecture!
Such a Emotional lecture... I still in there
Lectures like these are always fascinating. And I love how the presenters explain things at a level where you don't need a PhD to understand.
1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
Enjoyed the talk basically he is talking about what God created, God is the Creator/Father of all things. Time does not effect God because it has no relation to God which means eternity means nothing to God because God has always existed and created the universe. When God created the universe time was also created.
@@evilwestsidefan9249 Grow up. All guess work which creates hatred and division. Basically people like you.
Sadly, one of, if not the, main problems when it comes to public support for science is that most people are just so ignorant of the recent mind blowing discoveries that have been made, especially regarding our place in our infinitely complex and downright crazy ass universe. It's painful how clueless most folks are. I find myself in a constant quest for new knowledge and information about cutting edge discoveries and I couldn't just stop learning and yearning to know more. I think it really all boils down to the fact that we currently have a large number of hardheaded, close minded, dumbasses infesting our population right now. Until that inevitably gets better, things will continue on their current path.
some people are just dumb like this guy above me. oops
@Fred Jammerson no, I generally think I don't know much of anything because I'm only human.
Uh, duh, but what if it turns out the universe is not crazy, just misperceived, misinterpreted, and misunderstood? After all, "QM cosmology" wonks "study" much less that 4% of 4% of cosmic reality (mainly in their heads, after blowing up tiny fractions of the 'field').
That’s a pretty arrogant prejudge-mental statement in itself.
Very very good lecture!
the more of these videos i watch the more i realise how little we actually know
As a particle physics enthusiasts, I thought I know a little bit already and brag about it until now. The universe never fail to shrink me further and further to oblivion in near future. Better pick up more and mesmerized before the moment of regret. Thanks professor for the efforts and keep up with the good work. From Hker worldwide
Impressive, to say the least. I had no idea how anyone could possibly ‘know’ what happened in that hypothetical tiny fraction of a tiny fraction of a tiny moment in time (when time had not even begun). In some vague way this does seem plausible-or maybe it doesn’t
Look up Carl Sagan on KZhead- older but really excellent talks
Nobody can know, and it is sheer arrogance to pretend to know.
@@NondescriptMammal My reaction also
@@patkennedy2620 Sagan was a persuasive science popularizer, but there is a good bit of imaginative speculation in some of his presentations. Good science requires hard evidence. If that is missing, as it is bound to be when talking about beginnings, endings, time, space, zeroes, infinities, eternities, the cosmos, etc., the explanations and hypotheses hazarded by some enthusiastic worthies, plausible though they might seem, must be kept in the tentative ‘maybe’ category until proved or disproved
great summary!
I've had my own theory about this for maybe 2 decades now. I'll try to explain it clearly and quickly. I think there was once a single massive blackhole that held all the matter in the universe confined to a single point. One spark and boom!!! Everything explodes outward, gasses and elements thrown to the cosmos. The universe is expanding, eventually, they say, it will contract. I think it will contract back to a single blackhole and start all over again. For all we know, this has happened 3 or 4 times already and this is the first time all the right pieces came together in just the right place to create life.
My thinking too. To think that the space itself is expanding along with the materials in it is to limit yourself and automatically say that we don't what was there before bigbang. Unless space is not space but is a material in itself. Also we would never know whether there was life or not in the previous instances.
And where did the “one” black hole come from?
Dan Hooper. This is my first exposure to him but hopefully not my last. The man is an incredibly gifted speaker.
Question: If gravity affects time, and the universe was smaller, wouldn't time have run different back then? so how long was 3 seconds from the start? (my question relies on external reference and there is none).
What a fantastic question that is. I'd never considered this before, but now I need to know the answer to it!!!
Not an expert, whatsoever, but I believe that the Higgs Field defines the speed of light, therefore, if the Higgs Field was different then, it would follow that light would travel differently in that field, and time would have to be treated differently. Then again, I could be completely wrong. That is why I love science; finding out you are wrong means that you actually leaned something. Great question, by the way.
Bloody good message, though. Well prepared and explained.
He is a master educator! Best teacher of the explination of the birth of the universe, i've heard so far! Brian Cox, Brian Green move over! We have another kid on the block!!
Brilliant presentation 👏
Science rock!
39:50 Earlier a comparison was made to "everything shrinking" with space staying the same size. When we imagine accelerated rate of shrinking it doesn't feel like energy, but mass losing mass along with a rate reduction of causality.