Spinosaurus, Baryonyx, and Suchomimus have something in common; they're weird, and they're also members of a clade known as the Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids)!
The Spinosauridae comprises of 20 genera of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs, but some of which are no longer a valid taxon and some others have disputed validity.
All 20 genera of those dinosaurs, however, are included in this video. Listed and explained one by one from the smallest in size all the way up to the largest.
Sources and Credits: docs.google.com/document/d/1M...
Support Factor Trace: / factortrace
Contour maps via Axis maps: contours.axismaps.com/
0:00 - Introduction
0:29 - Spinosaurine vs Baryonychine
1:15 - Irritator
2:20 - Vallibonavenatrix
2:44 - Ceratosuchops
3:15 - Ostafrikasaurus
3:41 - Angaturama
4:45 - Iberospinus
5:26 - Camarillasaurus
5:49 - Riparovenator
6:41 - Sinopliosaurus
7:01 - Siamosaurus
7:50 - Riojavenatrix
8:16 - Suchosaurus
8:45 - Baryonyx
9:29 - Ichthyovenator
10:14 - Cristatusaurus
10:45 - Suchomimus
12:24 - Protathlitis
13:06 - Oxalaia
13:46 - Sigilmassasaurus
14:34 - Spinosaurus
16:55 - Size comparison
I noticed a few recurring questions or comments in this video, so here are my answers in case other viewers are asking the same. 1. Where is Vectispinus? Vectispinus is not a formal name, the materials were described under the nickname “White Rock Spinosaurid”. The researchers considered naming it Vectispinus, but the genus was not formally erected. 2. How do we know the whole skeleton of a dinosaur based on a single tooth? The answer is, we don’t. The whole body comes from other animals that are at least indicated to be closely related, in other words, assumption. When only a single tooth fossil was found, we can only compare it to other known skulls or skeletons with similar teeth and assume the rest of the body is also similar. While in truth, the tooth itself might end up coming from a completely different organism. This practice of naming new dinosaurs from incomplete and unclear materials has been commonly done since the dinosaur renaissance in the 60s and 70s, because frankly, everyone wants to name a dinosaur. This has resulted in messy naming and confusing taxonomic designations that we have to deal with today. 3. Why is Irritator the smallest spinosaurid? Because it is. Other sources might give a much higher size estimate for irritator, but that is because they consider Angaturama to be its synonym (in which it might be). The specimen for Irritator itself is small. For the purpose of this video, I had to separate the 2 taxa, so I based the size estimates only from the corresponding materials. If you have any questions about the topic of the video, you can comment down below!
Naming a dinosaur with a tooth is one of the craziest scientific thing I've ever seen. Let's be serious ! I don't trust anything about ancient animals unless it comes with significant evidences.
@@feuilledarbre8002That kinda happened to "Troodon"
😊
It is genuinely INSANE that I'm watching this completely for free, it's clear how much effort was put into this.
That's what I was thinking! It's been a while since I watched a video that made me go like "where do I need to pay to get more?"
same
this guy is too good for youtube
What's better than 1 Spinosaurus? How about 20! :D
Haha exactly! Good news, we're bound to get more as more specimens are being discovered 😂
@@FactorTracethis animal was not "bigger" than tyrannosaurus rex.!!!
@FactorTrace the yellow ones is very exaggerated in size🤔.
@FactorTrace 14:42 outdated comparison a poorly made and poorly proportioned scale the tyrannosaurus rex is the largest.
Non @@rodrigopinto6676
If I had a nickel for every time a Spinosaurid holotype has been destroyed within a museum fire, I'd have two nickels... But it's weird that it has happened twice...
Hamination reference real?
@@user-su3zg4qb1f Can neither confirm or deny that statement....
@@user-su3zg4qb1fIt’s from Phineas and Ferb.
@@tiramisuatinch5757 ok thx
@@user-su3zg4qb1f nah bros ngl rn bro im subwd to u
Spinosaurid fossils when theres a natural/man-made disasters: Aight, ima head out
Kinda ironic that the very first fossil remains for both Spinosaurus & Oxalaia happened to be destroyed, almost makes me wonder if that’s supposed to be some sort of sign that they’re the same species but they could also be two different subspecies of the same species.
@@Azureblue25the world fears the day we finally find spinosaurus' true form... ...godzilla
The production quality of these videos is insane
Every single scene seems to be made with such attention to detail, just amazing!
@@Misp7423but the scale 14:43 is poorly made and poorly proportioned the tyrannosaurus rex is the largest
@@rodrigopinto6676 your father should've swallowed you.
@@rodrigopinto6676Tyrannosaurus is the largest because it’s the most robust making it the heaviest, but something like that isn’t represented from a side profile.
@@theholybuttfungus5911 again this is scale is poorly proportioned.!!!
Spinosaurid taxonomy try not being a mess challenge impossible 100% On a real note, amazing job with everything we currently have to work with. I love your content and despite the rare uploads, its always worth it! You make the learning fun!
Haha that's true. Trying to find a complete and not confusing spinosaurid material: also challenge impossible Thanks! I'm trying to balance quality with quantity lately. Hopefully I can make more videos quicker
@@FactorTrace That's great! Always make sure you guys focus on the quality overall
Wow! Fantastic! The pictures, reconstructions, skeletal models, geographic mapping, animations, size scaling, phylogenetic record, fossil record, scientific data and history about this theropod family are all incredible! Love the spinosaurids! Love this video! Bravo, Eric Lim! I'm looking forward for your next scientific videos! :D
Thank you very much! I'm glad to know that my hard work putting in the details doesn't go unappreciated. New videos are in the works, stay tuned!
It still baffles me that these very high quality beautiful videos get so little views. Very good work yet again, thank you for it
Thank you very much! Still figuring out how the KZhead algo works
@FactorTrace I think all you can do is try to gather loyal subscribers and keep the quality up. And you are currently doing these things really well, keep it up 🙏
I'm glad the KZhead algorithm brought me to this video. You deserve at least 500k subscribers with this quality. Keep up the amazing work!
Thank you! Still working on getting more recognition
At least 500k? Nah he deserves millions 😂
@@FactorTracengl I thought with the amount of quality in this video that you would have atleast a mil
this is honestly the most accurate and best educational spinosaur video on the platform at the minute props to you!
Dude!! This video is awesome, I've never seen this convoluted yet awesome group of dinosaurs explained so succinctly. Plus realistic paleoart to match?? You've blown me away, definitely earned a subscriber, and you deserve way more. I can't wait to hopefully see more of this kind of content from you. Keep it up!
Glad you enjoyed it and thanks for subscribing! I'm no paleoartist, but glad my reconstructions make the cut.
Wow the quality of this video is incredible. Hope you get more traction for this, because this is criminally underrated.
Thank you! I hope so too
Just found out about this channel, dude if you ever manage, please make more based on more families/clades, the production quality is insane!
As a big spinosaurus enthusiastic, I've been keeping a list of all species (including the dubious and synonym ones) descibed through the years, and updating it as long as a new one "dropped". The moment I opened this video I opened the list and counted 'em all. I don't know if I'm happy either because I managed to not miss any of them through all this years or because you managed to put all in one video! And with good illustrations. This was surely a lot of work and research, good job! Waited too long for someone to put all species together without missing one or two "synonyms", but the wait was worth it!!! On a side note: with the velocity new species has been described recently, I wouldn't be surprised with another one dropping in the future. Hope the next ones get a way to be updated/added to this video, or a new one including them! :)
Spinosaurus being my personal favourite dinosaur of all time, this video has been a remarkable introduction to your channel. After checking out some of your other videos, I truly believe that your absolute professionalism and sophisticated presentation makes your channel deserving of way more attention. With the d-riding out of the way, keep it up man!
This channel needs to blow up. The quality of content and information is really good
I was genuinely impressed by the quality of this video. Instantly a new subscriber.
Jesus Christ the quality of this video is magnificent you earned new subscriber mate!
*Great video, I've noticed your channel doesn't have many views but i think the algorithm is starting to pick you up since i was recommended this video yesterday and i had never heard of you beforehand.*
Please, do this more and more fam!!! These are gorgeous dino desing, rigourose scientific reasearching and reference, well explained, and beautiful and soft edition!! I would love to see this kind of videos every week!! Or monthly, i love this. Theres a lack of this quality videos out there. Hope you the best and see more and more of this. I am from south Spain, i didnt know there were such an amount of Spinosaurids founded here in the Peninsula! i would love to watch a video about the history and importance behind the Iguanodon!!❤
The quality of this video is simply wonderful, extremely clean and well done in terms of design and very well treated and addressed in terms of information, I don't know why it took so long for your channel's recommendation to appear, I love the Spinosaurids, they are my group of favorite Theropodos, and this video alone made me want to see all the videos on your channel, you have earned a well-deserved like and a new subscriber, keep it up :D
This is one of the most Informative and well animated paleovids I’ve seen in a long time. Keep up the good work!
This was absolutely amazing - very informative, simple enough in the explanations, and with incredible visuals to make it interesting for the layperson. Please, keep doing more on dinosaur groups!!! Would love to see one on the tyrannosaur group, dromaeosaurs, lesser-known triassic and permian groups, etc!
Woah, this is amazing! Great animation and design. You’re criminally underrated
You are the most underrated KZhead channel i’ve ever seen. I hope you to be more valued! You deserve million subs! Gratz. ❤
Dude I just found this channel. I’m so surprised with how great its production quality is you definitely deserve more subscribers.
I think this is one of the best videos i've seen in KZhead so far, its so complete, so well explained, so well illustrated, this, this is what I want my feed to look like
This is the first time I saw your videos, the level of quality is amazing. Subscribed!
What a surprise! Happy to find some good quality content these days. I just discovered the channel, and I liked it so much. Keep it up :)
Holy moly dude! This video quality is top tier, Its smooth and feels like something you'd see in a dinosaur visual textbook. Keep up the awesome work man ❤
I was not only blown away by the production quality, but especially the ending with this epic story quickly recapping the video, it was just phenomenal! Great job 🙌
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you
Hey! I remember watching your original Spinosaurus video from a couple years ago. It's sure been a while and I gotta say, you definitely improved. The organization and consistency whilst being easy to follow to the end is just done amazingly! 🙌🔥 Now for my personal take on the Sub-Aquaeous Forager vs Terrestrial Wader theory, I have a feeling some miscommunication is at play here because both sides of the argument are technically "correct", it's just that the main takeaway is how would it actually function as a predator because Sereno and Myrvhold et al didn't necessarily present any proper evidence aside to "debunk" the Sub-Aquaeous Forager theory aside from just critiquing it and in fairness, Ibrahim and Fabbri's team has access to original material and they too critiqued Sereno and Myrvhold et al's paper that's presently seen in the same 2024 paper and how they didn't get the information correct such as suggesting Spinosaurus was only dense in the legs but the rest of its body was hollow like that of other theropods which isn't seen in the actual skeleton and etc. Not to mention Ibrahim and Fabbri also have their own pre-print paper ready to go for a follow up response to Myrvhold et al's 2024 paper, so it's safe to say the debate isn't stopping anytime soon unless we find much more remains lol Now the main argument I standby is a Hippo because fun fact, Hippos can't actually swim at all, but they can submerge and forage underwater to the point they're even seen chasing after speedboats out of aggression and or territorial behavior and that's thanks to just having dense bones alone which could explain both sides of the argument of how Spino can be a Sub-Aquaeous Forager whilst also being able to be a Terrestrial Wader/Hunter.
Yeah, I think a generalist hunter between land and water makes the most sense. The 2021 paper by Hone and Holtz actually presented this idea. Out of every aquatic adaptations spinosaurus had, none of it hinders the idea of a generalist predator that hunts near water or partially in water. But the terrestrial morphological features directly hinders the sub-aquaeous forager hypothesis. The problem I have with Ibrahim's depiction of Spinosaurus is that he tries to depict it as an obligate aquatic hunter. The heavy bones would help the animal while hunting partially submerged, but it doesn't directly prove it going fully underwater to catch prey. It's almost like finding out that chicken's bones structure can accomodate flying, it means chickens must've hunted in mid-air like some raptors do. Maybe it can allow spinosaurus to dive and grab something from the bottom of the river, but I doubt being fully submerged is spinosaurus' primarily hunting strategy.
@@FactorTrace Fair enough, though I do believe having dense bones littered across your whole body from head to toe would definitely help keep you submerged, maybe not for an exorbitant amount of time like crocodiles, but maybe just enough where the animal can grab something sustainable enough and or it could just go do the Grizzly Bear tactic on land since it was still a giant theropod. That's also personally why I believe Spino could be a mix of both sides, like being able to hunt on both land and water is literally the most broken and exploited niche that any theropod could do. But until then, this is exactly why we need more remains to study and less theory paper contests between paleontologists, like why don't we just send out more expeditions? lol
@@carnoraptor79 "super dense bones" but very graceful and thin structure.
@@carnoraptor79 definitely the spinosaurus was not a good "swimmer"
@@carnoraptor79 wrong "arguments" the spinosaurus is more like a HERON not "croc" and not "grizzly bear" boomer.
Very comprehensive and informative, with as little conjecture as possible. Also, great artwork in the whole video. :) Hope you do videos like these for other families of dinosaurs and other extinct creatures!
Thank you for this. I love your channel so much, best one I've ever subscribed to
Thank you back! I appreciate your support
I'm so impressed by the quality of this video! Jaw droping indeed. Great work!
This video is AMAZING!! So much accurate research and incredible art! So underrated!
This was so well edited and put together, thank you!
this was a mesmerizing video to watch. it looks beautiful, all the information is presented clearly and the visuals are sleek, effective, and interesting. there's just the right amount of movement on screen and the drawings/animations are just gorgeous. i am in awe at the graphic design (and i came here for the dinosaurs)
First video, and I can already tell this channel deserves so much more recognition then it has 🔥
This is insane! I love the Spinosaurus (and by extent other Spinosaurids), and this video was a great way to learn about them all. You've got yourself a new subscriber, my dude, and I'm excited to see what else you have!
Thanks a ton! I appreciate it
Liked and subscribed ! It is the most complete and comprehensive video on the subject. It is clear, well illustrated and everything is up to date.
Thanks I appreciate it! Thank you for subbing
I just found your channel and I love it. Keep up the good work!😊
This is an insanely well made video! Deserves way more views, bravo!
Thank you! I really appreciate it
Amazing video! A very well done and neat job. I liked that you talked about a little of their niche and their contexts. I would like to see more
Awesome, thank you! I'll be creating more similar videos
Omg I love the graphics and animations! 🔥🔥🔥 I hope you keep making summary videos like this one! I was recently looking for one on ceratopsians to easly explain the different species to a friend so I hope to see one in the future! ❤
Thanks! Will do! IIRC there are 50+ cetatopsian genera, it'll be a long video 😅
Dude this video is super polished and informative. Liked and subbed 👍
MORE VIDS LIKE THIS PLSSS! This is like some documentary level production and visuals, can't wait for future vids. Keep it up! 🦖🦖
This is video is genuinely one of the most informative and high-quality videos on spinosaurus I’ve seen. I’d love to see you do more on other dinosaur families, i.e., Titanosaurids, Pachycephalosaurids, Tyrannosaurids, etc. Subscribing for future videos!
Just found ur channel and am now subscribed. Plz make this a complete series!
I love you’re absolute scientific accuracy in this video explaining the most mysterious and debated dinosaur groups! As a huge dinosaur fan and nerd, I can’t thank you enough for this video. ❤
Food for thought. You make more videos just like this with all the other dinosaurs bc just by the intro I was like yep must see if he did any other dinosaur groups just like this. I love this so much and have seen like only 5 minutes of it.
Thank you for making a well made, well informed video. Its very enjoyable to watch and i await the future videos you have in store.
How am I only just discovering this channel? These are some of the best paleontology related videos I've ever seen on KZhead.
This was one of the most entertaining videos I have EVER watched. You earned my sub.
insanely high quality video, good job man i love this!
what an amazing channel! incredible work!!
Instantly subscribed. Quality of these vids are crazy
Much appreciated! Thanks for subscribing
This is an unreasonably based video. Being this based is illegal and I’m sorry to say your under arrest
Valinonaventrix! I have been in love with dinosaurs for nearly 3 decades. Educating myself on them is quite literally an obsessive past time. So how is that obsessed never heard of this animals absurdist, bouncy, long name!? I'm baked right now and can't stop laughing at myself trying to say if. I'm gonna name a project that has been lacking a name this.
very complex and thorough video super underrated for 10k subs 💗💗🙏🙏 amazing video!
What the you know what?! This video was educational, entertaining, very nicely put together and amazingly written and apparently it's not the only one of its kind on this channel?!?!?!? What the Fukuiraptor is going on?!?!? How did I not know about this channel until now????
This video is amazing I love how informative it is I learned more about these majestic creatures I hope you make more like this
The real question is, why do they love Spain so much?
Haha yeah exactly! It's always in Spain or England
Paella
Congratulations!!! What a amazing video u made 🎉🎉🎉
I work at a paleontology lab in Brazil and a interesting feature we see at Spinosaurids is the lack of information. Many of the remains are fragmented and this supports the thesis that they had semi aquatic habits. Why? Rivers are energic places, that transports organic matter and possibly fragments the most fragile remains It's sad we have access to such a low percentage of the bones, but we can get new information based on that
I love the quality and animation of this video, I can’t get over it!
That was an incredible video !!! So much information and a very great video to watch , maybe can you do the same for tyrannosaurid or dromaeosaurid ?
Excelent video! Its good to have video which easily explains this enigmatic family of dinosaurs! 👌
Thank you! I hope it helps inform people about the spinosaurids
your so underrated dude the production quality is insane+
Thanks! Still working on getting more recognition
WHY AM I FINDING ABOUT YOUR CHANNEL NOW! THIS IS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING!
Plz make more vids like this covering dinosaurs I love this awesome work!
the editing in this is really good
Great video bro. Great info, great editing, great pictures, great knowledge. Good job. Keep it up.
Thanks! I appreciate it
Insane quality mate good job
I love this video, it's very well done and very consistent in the art style.
Which program do you use for editting and have you consider making guide videos for this program? I think you deffinitely make guide videos, your videos have enormous quality.
Wow stunning and informative video! Thank you so much for putting it together! 😃🙌
This video makes me happy, and i did not expect there to be so many croco-ducks (Ichthyovenator my favorite)
Amazing video. Definitely subscribing
Please make more of these palaeontology videos! They are just so informative and well done! I wouldn’t mind seeing one about pterosaurs 👀
The production quality is through the roof!
Amazing video , keep up the good work
I've never seen such a Amazing Video about Spinosaurids like this before
Please do more of these. This is amazing.
Amazing visuals and everything. Fantastic video.
This is amazing! I can't wait for a similar video about titanosaurids, my favorite animals ever.
Im glad i found this channel, subbed!
The work behind this is amazing
Beautifully produced video. Keep it up!
Beautiful vid, glad I could learn more about such an amazing group of theropods
This is so well made!
This was an incredible video. I’m hoping we get breakdowns for the Tyrannosaurids and the Ceratopsians.
The list of Tyrannosaurids would make a great video, thanks! Ceratopsians would be cool too. But as I know it, there are around 50 genera of them, that's going to make a long video...
@@FactorTrace How about in 2 parts about ceratopsians?
@@FactorTrace"14/15 meters" outdated estimated the spinosaurus was shorter than previously.
@FactorTrace this animal was very graceful and thin compared to tyrannosaurus rex was an absolute unit(powerhouse).
@@FactorTraceabelisaurids?
The quality and presentation of the video is simply incredible, I want the same analysis about crocodylomorphs please!)
I only knew about 7 of these, always awesome to learn more about Dinosaurs, especially Spinosaurids!
How does he not have that many subscribers when the quality is sooooooooo good
Excellent research on this video. Thanks
Your video quality is just better Thank u for this wonderfull video, i want more videos like this
Thanks! I'm working to create more similar videos
This channel is SOOO underrated!
Your video is soooo well made dude. I subbed just for the quality. You ever see Jurassic World when Mr DNA is running his yapper- this is better than that sequence. Your video animation looks like a high tech genetics company’s inviting employee training video. Also all the unique patterns on the spinosaurs. This video is a masterpiece for what it is. I thought oh an informational video- no it’s the informational video. Good work, glad I watched, ✌️ peace.