The Clovis Culture
#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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Sources:
Bellos, Alex (14 February 2000). "Brazilian Findings Spark Archeological Debate" Meltzer, David (24 June 1995). "Stones of Contention"
Timothy B. Rowe et al. Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau ∼37,000 Years Ago. Front. Ecol. Evol, published online July 7, 2022; doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903795
Bennett, Matthew R.; Bustos, David; Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Springer, Kathleen B.; Urban, Thomas M.; Holliday, Vance T.; Reynolds, Sally C.; Budka, Marcin; Honke, Jeffrey S.; Hudson, Adam M.; Fenerty, Brendan (24 September 2021). "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"
The Western Stemmed Point Tradition: Evolutionary Perspectives on ... scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/view....
Masakazu Yoshizaki, Pre-Ceramic Stone Industries at the Tachikawa Site, Southern Hokkaido (Hakodate: Hakodate City Museum, 1960). [吉崎昌一編 1960 『立川: 北海道磯谷郡蘭越町立川遺跡における無土器文化の発掘調査』市立函館博物館、函館.]
Morrow, Juliet E., et al. “Pre-Clovis in Texas? A Critical Assessment of the ‘Buttermilk Creek Complex.’” Journal of Archaeological Science, Academic Press, 6 June 2012, www.sciencedirect.com/science....
The Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas and the Origins of Clovis - Researchgate. www.researchgate.net/publicat....
Thomas et al. 2017 "Explaining the origin of fluting in North American Pliestocene weaponry"
Pitulko, V & Nikolskiy, Pavel & Girya, Evgeny & Basilyan, Alexandr & Tumskoy, Vladimir & Koulakov, SA & Astakhov, S & Pavlova, E & Anisimov, MA. (2004). The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.). 303. 52-6. 10.1126/science.1085219.
Wygal, B., Krasinski, K., Holmes, C., Crass, B., & Smith, K. (2022). Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America. American Antiquity, 87(1), 59-79. doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.63
Sain, Douglas A., "Clovis Blade Technology at the Topper Site (38AL23): Assessing Lithic Attribute Variation and Regional Patterns of Technological Organization" (2012).
The Age of the Paleoindian Assemblage at Sheriden Cave, Ohio - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: www.researchgate.net/figure/B... [accessed 11 Aug, 2022]
Mark Q. Sutton (2021) Envisioning a Western Clovis Ritual Complex, PaleoAmerica, 7:4, 333-364, DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334
Agam A, Barkai R. Elephant and Mammoth Hunting during the Paleolithic: A Review of the Relevant Archaeological, Ethnographic and Ethno-Historical Records. Quaternary. 2018; 1(1):3. doi.org/10.3390/quat1010003
Eren, Metin I., et al. “On the Efficacy of Clovis Fluted Points for Hunting Proboscideans.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Elsevier, 28 Aug. 2021, www.sciencedirect.com/science....
G. Sanchez, V.T. Holliday, E.P. Gaines, J. Arroyo-Cabrales, N. Martínez-Tagüeña, A. Kowler, T. Lange, G. Hodgins, S. Mentzer, I. Sanchez-Morales Human (Clovis)-gomphothere (Cuvieronius sp.) association~ 13,390 calibrated yBP in Sonora, Mexico
C.V. Haynes, B. HuckellMurray Springs: A Clovis Site with Multiple Activity Areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona University of Arizona Press, Tucson (2007)
G.C. Frison, L. Todd The Colby Mammoth Site: Taphonomy and Archaeology of a Clovis Kill in Northern Wyoming University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (1986)
Rasmussen, Morten; et al. (February 13, 2014). "The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana"
Boldurian, Anthony. (2007). Clovis Beveled Rod Manufacture: An Elephant Bone Experiment. North American Archaeologist. 28. 28-57. 10.2190/NA.28.1.b.
Lyman, R. Lee et al. “A Mechanical and Functional Study of Bone Rods from the Richey-Roberts Clovis Cache, Washington, U.S.A.” Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998): 887-906.
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Check out my video on the Folsom culture! kzhead.info/sun/pa-EkamQhXaJZn0/bejne.htmlsi=fanEsxWq_zs5Ld4v
19:20 Bro when you butcher a deer and cut the bone, the fracture is sharp and hurt like bananas when you can a bone-cut; compared to a paper cut. It doesn’t surprise me one bit that bone would be used for arrowheads. :)
Your pacing and vocal cadence combined with the incredibly relevant footage is pretty much perfect for a brain like mine. Every word or image is relevant and precise or at least evocative. No filler, no downtime. Damn near perfect production. Great work!
Seconded
"A brain like mine"? Are you r worded or something?
@@persistentpedestrianalien8641 dickhead alert
@@persistentpedestrianalien8641. THE OLDEST BONES IN AMERICANS WAS WHITES FULLY HUMAN NORMAL SIZE SCULLS. America history the biggest lie in history Babylon and we were slaves in almost every nation but you erase my white history and lying is a sin using DNA and the holy Bible together
Odd, i thought he sounded slow and boring, almost monotone. It was hard to stay awake
Last time I was this early, the Clovis culture was still flourishing.
Gold 😂
Lol
😂 I’m mad that I laughed.
Someone used the "last time I was this early..." Template on an anthropological video? Shocker...
😅
I lived in Folsom, New Mexico on a 40,000 acre ranch. I found hundreds of points and tools. Unfortunately I had everything stolen and all I have left are a few pictures. Thank you for these videos they remind me of really great times.
Who steals arrowheads... My heart breaks for you.
@@Nate-bn5kk and my dinosaur bones I found.
@@phreaspeek Aw no way! That's the absolute lowest of low, that's soul shattering.
You may be living good times now. Sometimes we don't see things for what they are till it is gone
Carl, I'd be very interesting in talking with you about what Folsom material you found. I know a lot about the site and would be happy to share any information I have as well. Andy
I'm such a prehistory buff and I'm so impressed by your content. Well researched. You never miss!
lol
Hi such a prehistory buff, I'm dad
lol
@@Ballistics_Computer poor thing
Hey Jay, check out my Clovis find I use as my profile pic in KZhead. Not the biggest but easily one of the prettiest Clovis points ever found.
In Western Alaska, atlatl (naqaq) are still used for laying a point into a seal, attached by a line to a float, preventing the seal from diving deep or swimming very quickly. I'm not yupik, so I didn't hunt seal myself, but I did trade some things for darts, points , and naqaq. Traditionally, the points are carved from beluga whale teeth, but these days, brass fittings filed into shape is preferred. The points are surprisingly small and barbed, with a slight hook to the point. The points are not to be touched by human flesh , once crafted. The oils of human skin can cause the very fine points to bounce off the seal hide, rather than penetrate. The naqaq can often be crafted from driftwood harvested from the Yukon River, however , as the land there is nearly treeless tundra, the shafts of the darts are crafted from lightweight wooden dowels that are imported in pre-crafted bundles, often bought in bulk as a collective through the Tribal Corporation funds.
I love lil tidbits of knowledge like this, thanks! The bit about oils from our fingers affecting the penetration of the point is fascinating. I wouldn't have thought about it, but it makes sense. To add a little more- tiny, lightweight points fly further and truer, and also penetrate more easily and more deeply than large points, which would make it more likely that the float would stay attatched. You can also carry more of them more easily than bulky, heavier points.
That was interesting. The comments are always good on this channel.
My local Sea Lions have been getting rather nuppity recently, thanks for the... tips ;)
@@Hollylivengood for sure
Atlatl's are still used by some Australian aborigines to hunt kangaroos but they call it a woomera
Interesting to see how our oral history lines up with historical evidence! My tribes creation story includes rock people who were here before us but did not respect the land and its generosity was not reciprocated so the rock people died and the tree people (us) were born and we respect our lands and life in a kind way so our next generation will be happy and healthy in our bountiful promised lands.
The “Clovis First” hypothesis poses more questions than answers in my opinion. It doesn’t make sense that you have this refined lithic technology appear seemingly out of nowhere in North America without previous iterations. The highest concentrations of Clovis sites and isolated projectile finds are also primarily east of the Mississippi River.
Agreed, we are just looking deeper and instead of calling it a anomaly, realizing what we thought we knew might be?!!! Forty years of thinking, and study brings more questions than answers. It's so universal the action but so diverse in area's at distinct time's. Confusing to say the least. Complicated to the point of not being able to correlate. Jezze!
Pre Clovis was proven fact in 1979 and was suppressed until 1993.
Part of that is survey bias though. More people and land development out east causes more points to be found. There’s probably much more out west that just haven’t been dug yet you know?
@@davidianhowe mostly buried or blown out the Columbia River with the floods
The Clovis people from Europe or North Africa were perhaps wiped out by the flooding and fires caused by a comet or asteroid about 12,800 years ago. Peoples from Asia/Siberia later populated what is now Eastern America.
Those bone rods at 15:30 actually look like my leatherworking tools called burnisher bones. They're also made out of bone, because plastic is too brittle and metal stains the leather eventually. Wood also splinters and can't be used. You use burnisher bones to help make the leather smooth and more weatherproof. I have one that my grandfather used and it still works perfectly, much better then plastic or wooden ones. I haven't made a lot of flint arrowheads in my life however, so I am unsure if they can be used for a process as well. I doubt it though, as the bone would likely splinter and be useless for leatherwork afterwards. You can also use them to scrape the excess fat and skin off of a hide before drying it, along with dehairing it after the drying process. I have also seen them be used as a way to pry meat off of bones and help dig the brains out of animals (the brain is usually boiled into mush and used in the tanning process as it contains natural tannins).
Possible, I have not seen this theory listed but I think it has some merit. In my recreation of these rods, I found them to be poor foreshafts. The ends are flat and do not fit into the flutes, they would need to be convex. The angle and hash marks do make me belive that they were attached to something though.
That was interesting input. Rib bones would also likely have provided a good basis, size-and-workability wise for a large range of cross-purpose tools. : )
They could be all kinds of things… Drumsticks? Rulers? Magic wands? Back-scratchers? Phillips head screwdrivers? Conductor’s batons? Bartender’s muddlers? Pumpkin scrapers?
sometimes u just need a good stick ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
The best tool for flintknapping that i have seen so far is elk horn. For all the same reasons.
Great video! My BA is in Anthropology, but i went to college in the late 80s/early 90s. The debate on whether the Clovis people were the first in the Americas was heating up. I remember one professor who was an outlier in the program saying he believed that people were here before them. Interesting how 30+ years can change the narrative.
Solutreans? on the east coast. if Clovis people could have made it from Siberia across Beringia into the north-American continent then it is just as possible for Solutreans to leave France and follow the edge of the ice sheet to Greenland and on to the US-east coast using skinhide coveren canoos. Solutreans had very similar spearpoint technology. Not much different from Clovis.
@@taitsmith8521 I mean, Facebook isn't exactly a great source of information, hun 😂😂
@@jfv65 didn’t he say genetics identify the Clovis completely with northeast Asians though?
Sorry, not Clovis (I think he said no genetic traces of Clovis remain) rather pre colonial Native Americans.
@@treeroot7505 I try my best to keep up to date on this subject, and I've heard nothing of any Clovis Culture burials. I know they've found poo at Paisley Caves in Oregon, but I've heard no DNA sequencing on it, just dietary findings from fibers and proteins. If you've heard of burials, please share.
Somewhere I read that hunting to exhaustion was an important technique, causing animals to overheat and collapse, but herd animals can defeat this by running together so you end up chasing different animals, so hunters needed a way to mark their identified prey and differentiate it from other animals in a herd, so one trick would be to have a spear that can stick into an animal and stay lodged, not to help hurt the animal but just to keep it marked. Maybe this works better in a warm climate, but even in cold climates warm days would be tough on animals with a lot of fur.
Yes! And this method is still used in parts of Africa today. No doubt these people had many different methods of hunting and I think it ridiculous that people might think they could not bring down such large animals.
As ever an absolute joy to watch, thank you.
I love how you mentioned the possibility of earlier human habitation, I think it's worth a look even if its controversial.
Cactus Hill site Virginia usa check it out
There’s a 130,000 year old mastodon bones that were found butchered in the US I believe by some sort of hominid species.
If the search for full truth and understanding is controversial within a field thats supposed to be based on full truth and understanding, it tells you that field is polluted (most likely with ideological and/or political designs)
@@insertnamehere8121 Good thing it isn't. Although individuals will always have their separate motives. That will never change.
I love learning about Clovis people very fascinating and I made a atlatls when I was 15 and a Clovis spear as will. Love my ancestors. Great video Northo2 I love it very much.
My man 👊🏼💪🏽💪🏽 North02 never fails to deliver and never ceases to amaze, yet another brilliant piece of history written and made by this man on the Clovis culture, love it ❤️
My wife is Korean, her DNA on GEDMatch relates strongly to Russian, Siberian, Hungarian and Clovis DNA. Aside from that, she matches some current Native American and Mexican Indian DNA relatives. MDNA from her mother is Chinese and Vietnamese
I always thought of clovis culture as a early version of clown culture. My research indicates both words begin with the letter, c.
impossible clovis are solutreans they came from europe.
@@CavemanTravels "According to the standard accepted theory, the Clovis people crossed the Beringia land bridge over the Bering Strait from Siberia to Alaska during the ice age when there was a period of lowered sea levels, then made their way southward through an ice-free corridor east of the Rocky Mountains, located in present-day Western Canada, as the glaciers retreated." They were not from Europe. Do some research. Then upload your DNA to GEDMatch and check it against ancient dna
I can see how much love you put into, both the video, AND your spears. So incredible that you were able to craft such intricate objects
You know it's going to be a good day when you start it off with new NORTH02 video.
Yes, yes, and more yes....North02. I've been waiting for this one for quite some time. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS. You're the man. I live in Western Kentucky and I know of many Clovis Sites in my area....as well as Southern Illinois and North Middle Tennessee. I hunt them often for artifacts and have found many Paleo artifacts. It is my passion to hunt Paleo and Early Archaic artifacts...... It consumes me when I see a chance to hunt them.
North 02 is my favorite channel for this type of content, excellent work and quality videos that have considerable length. Keep up the good work!
the original footage you create is so good i'll bet other people are already stealing it. the love and work you put into this project has the potential to educate a large audience and get thinking about big ideas like: how people lived in prehistoric times. how we became who we are today.
I really enjoyed the chance to look over the script, very cool to see behind the scenes. Great job on this one! It's a big topic to fit into a single video, and this was really fun to watch.
The way your videos have slowly evolved is amazing to watch, I've been subbed on my other account for a while and your content has improved so much since I first started watching your videos. Great work
About elephant hunting by indigenous cultures. You might want to read the book "Zanzabuku", by Lewis Cotlow. This has a passage describing how 20th century Pygmies of the Ituri Forest used spears to hunt elephants. The Pygmies would first sneak up on the huge creature, not to impale it, but to use the sharp edge of the spear point to cut the tendons of the rear leg or legs. Only after the animal was thus crippled did these small hunters try to kill the huge beast. Regardless, there was still considerable risk, and skill, involved.
The caches seem to me to be most likely to be put away for later use when not associated with a burial... The reason raw materials are likely not associated with caches is because if raw material was possessed, it was likely brought with them to be worked during downtime. The caches were probably placed near regular seasonal campsites. They had to carry everything they had with them, or at best, had bags on protodogs. Given that, it would've made more sense to travel light and store any extra for later retrieval.
I like that theory. They cached because they knew they were coming back. They made a full hunting season's worth of points and had them ready, near the hunting grounds. Given the quality of the long points I also wonder if it was important to "put your best foot forward" and honor the animals by giving them the highest work of art that hands could produce. Or something like that. Travelling light is underrated today due to cars!
They wouldn't have dragged much heavy bulk rock I gaurantee that! Any backpacker/ western hunter can vouche to this. Lbs add up quickly and would really make them way less efficient at surviving which leans to them not doing ot!?
There dogs probably saved there lives alerting them to danger on a regular basis , man’s best friend for a reason
My two cents on the foreshafts idea. I always assumed what I had read was correct-that the dart and foreshaft allowed the hunter to retrieve the dart after hitting the prey and re load so speak. However as a flint knapper, who makes my own darts and and foreshafts, and hundreds of hours of using the spear thrower, it soon became obvious, the primary reason for the foreshaft on the dart is simply if you miss your first throw and your stone tip breaks, you can quickly replace the stone tip or you are suddenly without a tool for hunting. Yes you can sit down and repair the point, pressure flake the tip--if the point is not broke in half, but that emergency repair might take ten to twenty minutes. Replacing the entire point may take hours. Yes, carry the extra spear/dart, but accidents happen. I have missed the target and sunk the point three inches into a pine tree. (If using non heat treated chert) But the trade off? Personally (meaning my construction) I have yet to create the socket on the dart tip that will survive the excellent cast in the video. I have made those throws with pride and satisfaction, only to find my dart socket crushed, but the foreshaft & flint okay. And of course I was crushed. it had taken me a week to straighten, fletch and drill the socket for that one dart shaft. It all made me wonder how much of an impact on a mammoth would crush the socket because of the sudden stop, then penetration? A modern day elephant is a good example-will your throw break the socket on that thick hide? During those ages past, as hunter I would have carried both types, the foreshaft type for horse and deer, and non foreshaft darts for the bigger stuff. And of course, there the problem that modern bow hunters face. Shoot the game and then wait hours for the animal to bleed out. Mega-fauna--just throw and run, don't be the slowest runner. A short-faced cave bear? Do not throw, just migrate.
Having so much experience fashioning stone points must give you some serious appreciation for the skill required even in the Acheulean industry. It's one thing using low quality stone to make crude points, but quite another producing delicately crafted points from select stone. At what time in our history do you feel the level of skill showed accumulated knowledge passed generationally vs crudely shaped points requiring no training or mastery?
Nah, ya catch the short-faced bear hibernating and go swift and deadly. Then you have a feast in his cave….lol
@@jasonborn867 It is taught (by the internet) that the Acheulean 'was' the first major innovation in stone tool technology, and that answers your question with Homo Erectus creating multi-step hand-axes. But your question could also be answered: The Solutrean culture is famous for when flint knapping bloomed into an art form. Then later in the Neolithic, Danish Flint daggers (for example, the Hindsgavl dagger) with the cross stitching on the handle may culminate the generations of shared knowledge. (Now you can watch KZhead to see the daggers being created) However, I in no way feel qualified to answer your question correctly because I just chip rocks, tie them to a spear, and throw them to watch them break (then weep). If you get the chance, go to the local "Knapp-Ins" and watch the Clovis and Clovis variation points being made.
@@bruceryba5740 Thanks for sharing, friend. All the stone innovations you mentioned were impressive, but the fact this ingenuity was demonstrated over one million years ago is astonishing. It's not hard to conceive such a mind would be capable of constructing simple rafts and water navigation. I will check out the Knapp-Ins!
Is a cave bear killed by a spear to the head u miss that video
Your content keeps getting better! These are a pleasure to watch!
I loved the mountain with the whole through it ...thanks for sharing enjoyed learning about these people ...a beautiful video...here to support you as well ...
I’ve lived in the wenatchee valley my entire life and never knew a Clovis cache was found here. Crazy cool.
Panghorn Bar Clovis site. A Channeled Scablands mega flood bar.
This was very well done! Thank you for all your videos, but this one was extra!! I really loved it!❤
Really enjoyed your presentation.Growing up in Texas,my dad would sometimes find stone arrowheads.Makes me wonder about ancient cultures ,and the people who inhabited this land long before us.
The array of needles was fascinating. After seeing the stone implements and hearing of their uses, thinking of these people preparing the animal hides and sewing their clothing allows me to see them having some "down time" in which to chat whilst working on something less strenuous than hunting. Great video!
We find Clovis points on the Delaware bay in south jersey. I’m captivated by all the things someone had used them for thousands of years ago
This is the best Clovis information I have found on the net. Thank you! I am so glad that I found you. I have subscribed!!!
Listen to your videos every night before I sleep. Best thing to drift off to, please keep it up!
I usually have a hard time trying to understand English, but surprisingly I was able to understand almost everything due to your good diction!! thanks . I really enjoyed this documentary
Fascinating as always. Thanks North02!
Thank you for this video. Growing up in the area for which these people were named, I really enjoyed this video. If my information is correct, I grew up about 5 miles from where they discovered the first examples of these people.
Oooooh YAY, I new North 02 upload. I have a learning disability and back when I was in school, we were just labelled as stupid or lazy. In grade 6, I had a teacher that decided to go with ancient man instead of the regular solar system science project. This was early 80s. I learned about so many ancient man that are now classified as the same species that were actually more wide spread (thanks to your previous series homo erectus/habilis) and how many more different species they used to think were a different species. Point is, from your absolutely well done documentaries, I’m learning more than I ever knew I could. This platform is what the internet used to be touted as, it is the greatest technology of current mankind as everything you ever wanted to know, can be found (long before selfies/pic of foods, people doing stupid things, conspiracy theories..etc). I truly wish schools would use your uploads as a learning tool, not all people learn the same way. Thank you for not only continuously teaching me new things, but getting my interest back up to archeology and I’ve even started volunteering at local digs (I’m in Canada, lots of history here, they even think we could have been in North America now from between 20k to 40k years ago! You have also helped me fall asleep when I can’t shut my brain off with your very mellow demeanour!
How do you not have 1m subs yet? Your vids are of such high quality and I thoroughly enjoy every one of them.
I really look forward to each of your videos and this one was excellent. I have lived from San Diego to the Canadian border for most of my life and as a child was taught about native cultures. The coastal migration theory is compelling especially considering the evidence of other peoples traveling to what is now Indonesia and Australia. I did see one thing in this episode I want to note. You showed a picture of Crater Lake in Oregon right after commenting on the amazing sites these early peoples could have seen. I lived near there for decades. Before there was a Crater Lake there was Mt Mazama which erupted some 7700 years ago. For a long time it was thought/assumed that the lake formed when the mountain exploded expelling debris for miles, but local native peoples have oral traditions telling of the mountain collapsing inwards. A few decades ago scientist concluded that was, in fact, the case. The signage around the Rim Drive now tells the correct facts and include the native peoples stories about the event. The near by Klamath Basin is an amazing place where many of our "first peoples" still live. It is also a great place to find arrowheads and such. And, BTW, I spent time in Firenze. It was beyond description in everyway. I think the best part was just walking around and meeting people. They were great. Divertiti!
A new video from you - a happy dance from me! You have the best images and most detailed analysis, and the stories are great. I'm also enjoying seeing how these points and weapons work in action.
thanks as always, you keep striking the perfect topics
Love the content brother it's one of the few things I have to look forward to these days keep it up brother I wait for your videos like kid waits to open their Christmas
Your hard work and research is appreciated.
So very true!
Thank you for this very informative video. At times the lake drained south through the Traverse Gap into Glacial River Warren (parent to the Minnesota River, a tributary of the Mississippi River), east through Lake Kelvin (modern Lake Nipigon) to what is now Lake Superior, and northwest through the Clearwater Spillway to the Mackenzie River System and the Arctic Ocean about 13,000 years ago. This could account for the fact that the Minnesota river valley is larger than the Mississippi river valley.
I love these videos you do great videos keep up the great work:)
I always look forward to your videos. Great job.
Very informing and thought provoking video. The heritage of all humans is what fascinates me the most about our genealogy worldwide. There is so much that we all take for granted in terms of our own genetic origins, our past...and our technology of today, and most never even give it a second thought their whole lives. How the earliest people travelled so far away from their birthplaces and very successfully carved out an existence on vastly beautiful, untamed, untouched, and dangerous lands. with nothing but what they built with the environment they found themselves in. Together then, adapted their lives to survive. Not without hardships, however that taught those people to keep their families alive - and perpetuating their knowledge and technology forward into the future for us all today. Even the image shown near the beginning of this video showing a group of tribesmen hunting with a pack of Wolves/Wolf-dogs alongside them? Just made me imagine how that single scenario may have one time came to be. If it were not but a simple modern graphic interpretation.
Found my first and only Clovis here in Jefferson County il about 18yrs ago and im still looking for my second, its amazing how many of these unique points are found throughout the USA. They are few and far between here but quite concentrated around the Chesapeake bay.
Im surprised you didnt mention the Pacific migration hypothesis. Genetic evidence did show there was Polynesian migration at some point in the far past. They were consummate sailors, and could have easily populated South America first, then moved up along the coast similar to coastal migration hypothesis
Polynesians never migrated to South American in the amounts that would be needed to inhabit the continent. They mixed with the natives and left signatures they didn’t start it.
My understanding is that certain south American groups share genetic affinity with Polynesians. Genetic affinity doesn't mean genetic input. There must have a an early eurasian population that contributed to the ancestors of both populations. There was contact with the Polynesians and South Americans around 800 years ago, but it seems to only have contributed to Polynesians and not South Americans.
From what I've read, the seafaring cultures of the Pacific are thought to have developed thousands of years after the date of the Clovis culture, with the population of the Polynesian islands in particular beginning relatively recently, around 1200 years ago for the more remote islands like Hawaii, Tahiti, and Tonga. So it's outside the time frame here. Polynesian migration isn't considered as an alternative or predecessor to the coastal migration or land bridge hypotheses, but a much later wave of migration.
Are you trying to imply the Polynesians are Clovis?
There does seem to be evidence to support the Polynesian hypothesis. One is that Peruvian chickens were found to have a genetic link to Polynesia, although some have challenged this. Another was the DNA analysis of the remaining Easter island natives; it showed an Amerinidan admixture that predated Spanish colonization. Perhaps Thor Heyerdahl was on to something, after all. Proving such a link to North America would be more problematic. One person was surprised to find Polynesian indicators in what he assumed was Native American heritage. The most reasonable explanation for that would be forebears from an ancient group which had persons going to different populations prior to the later groups gaining the identities they now have.
nice video on clovis , well researched ! i am glad you raised both sides of the nuanced debates surrounding the overkill /clovis first and other issues and mystery surrounding paleo and clovis america , lots of interesting talking points for future videos perhaps ? deserves a new sub !
Amazing video, very interesting and relaxing at the same time. I can't help but be a little sad about so many things that have happened and we can only imagine how they happened through evidence. At the same time its a bless to have this evidences.
Old Norte Dos knocks it out the park again. Thanks for the time and effort you spend for the sake of the community!
Excellent video. I would like to see a video showing cultures existing at the same time at other areas of the world, and show a comparison with information now available.
Wonderful video once again! Love the topic. Think there is so much more to discover in the "New World".
The artifacts left by ancient people have an art style unrecognizable by modern humans. I found an ancient site in NC and learned through the bird effigies. I just wanted to collect some arrowheads and got a lot more than bargained for.
Excellent. I know something about this. Have written about, published, interviewed anthro researchers on related topics. You have done a great job condensing a vast subject matter into a relatively short period of time. Also respect subtle ways you indicate degrees of certainty of knowledge and disagreements while also indicated your reasoned opinions. I am impressed.
Recent discoveries in BC, Canada suggest early habitation occurred here. As it is very near the Bering Strait it is no surprise. Great stuff as always. Thank you.
The most advanced "napping" flint tools and weapons in the world are from the Clovis Culture. Near perfectly symmetrical spear and arrow heads attained through highly evolved napping techniques are simply incredible. Romanticizing First Nation people's can be offensive to Native Americans, However, we cannot but stare in open-mouth amazement at these relics.
Lol the only people who get offended are white female liberals. Admiring another culture is celebrated globally.
Tell me about it. We rodents remember.
The Gault Site in central Texas about 40 miles north of Austin has an extensive long term Clovis occupation with a lot of faunal remains that indicate that a very large percentage of the Clovis diet at this site was certainly not megafauna and may surprise many that turtles were one of the most common faunal items recovered. The model that Clovis were almost exclusive megafauna hunters must be reconsidered. The radiation and diversification of what is the Clovis peoples required adaptations and survival strategies based on their local environment and available resource base, so a not all in one model fits. Also there is a high degree of regional variation within the Clovis lithic tradition and it is certainly a lithic technology that spread among established earlier populations of divergent cultural and ethnic lineages, not one homogenous group, and so the concept of Clovis being a culture is also misleading. In modern times any advance in military weaponry technology is copied internationally and often by enemies as soon as it can be reverse engineered and this must surely have been the case in ancient America. The pre Clovis and post Clovis use of the lanceolate projectile/biface is almost universal in the New World. Not all one culture, but the spread of a useful technology among culturally and ethnically distinct populations already in place for thousands of years before the Clovis technological revolution swept North America and beyond.
Clovis people used their kind of points as long as they were effective. Then they made other kind of tools. Remind you about how a hunter-Gatherer family gruop works. They had to be 15 pair with children to survive (about 60 individuals) longterm. Socially they could not be more than they could share their prey. If they got 30 pair with children (about 120 individuals), sharing prey was not possible and that made social disturbance. The familygroup HAD TO divide in two. That´s how humans "expanded" and one group had to seek knew territorry months away. The men (and some young women) went for hunting-expeditions up to a week away and got meat. That was 40% of the food. Women, oldies and older children searched for food near their base-setlement and that gave about 60% of all food. Hunter-Gathering do not mean the family group was rambling around. They choose a base where they established a settlement. From there, their men made huntingexpeditions.
@@rolandsalomonsson3854there's also the ability to move to a cousin group to relieve interpersonal conflict. Also, it has been argued by Olga Soffer that women, children and the elderly also hunted small game using nets. These were game drives among the brush, into nets and clubbed.
I'm loving these videos,and this is so amazing
As a flintknapper bordering on obsessed with fluted points, I'm stoked to see this in my notifications
That spear/fore-shaft combination looks and functions in a way that ominously suggests the Roman pilum. That's pretty awesome.
Yes...when I was studying anthropologist thirty years ago, there was debate as to whether there was a connection between the clovis points in France and the ones found here, as the similarity was striking The skeleton found up the Columbia River, the Kennewick Man, aged to be around 9,400 years old and who exhibited both European and Asiatic features, further embattled this debate. It made sense to me that there may been an ancient melding of cultures from Western Europe into the Americas. The very non- Asiatic features of some of the Eastern Board tribes with their very pronounced noses always struck me as not conforming to the typical Asiatic features of many of the tribes on the West Coast and further down. We do know that 1000 years ago there were settlements from Scandinavia on the Eastern Board. I believe there were waves of migrations into the Americas from both Asia and Europe. It just makes sense.
@@ChroniclesofAlicha_Balaam Your statement "We do know that 1000 years ago there were settlements from Scandinavia on the Eastern Board." is a little off. We know of precisely one Norse settlement on the eastern coast as well as the settlements in Greenland. As for Kennewick Man the DNA research does not point to origins in western Europe of his remains or of his ancestry. Certainly not related to Solutreans as there is a period of over 10,000 years separating them. Take a closer look at the various Indigenous people across North and South America. They do not all have the same look and physique. Genetics, environment, and lifestyle cause changes in human appearance. The researcher in human migration to the New World have never said it was a process that happen just once or twice in the distant past. The last migrations out of Asia into North America may have been just a few thousand years ago by the Thule. The Thule people’s origins for example, are in the far western Arctic of North America and eastern Siberia. They then rapidly spread across the arctic, arriving in the eastern arctic around 1000 years ago; the same time as the Norse arrival in Greenland. The Thule, the ancestors of the todays Inuit, displaced the Dorset people who were already there
A very well balanced discussion on the clovis culture, thank you.
Outstanding presentation, and analysis. Thanks for sharing with all of us who thrive on Historical Facts. 🎅🤠🦌🌲🍿🏇🌲🍿🐎
I'm newly subed; impressed with your work!👏👍💯🔥
This is a really good and interesting video. I really am interested in this culture and every culture in the America's up to the historical and including the it.
23:15 is bringing back memories of reading Winnie the Pooh "How to Catch a Heffalump" to my kids. I'm guessing the Clovis people didn't trap mammoths by putting a pot of honey in a pit and then going back to get it in the middle of the night and getting stuck themselves.
This is awesome! Your voice is so soothing and intellugent! This is great! Your showing the connection between primitive man and us. We have fairly solid history from Egypt etc.. what's after these yahoo's! Lol 😆. Your awesome! Keep up the great Channel!
Great videos and very informative! I would suggest, however, to consider changing the music in future videos, because for me at least it's not easy to stay focused for very long time. In combination with your calm voice, I feel that I'm falling asleep. It could just be me though 🤔
Clovis points were first discovered near the city of Clovis, New Mexico, and have since been found over most of North America[7] and as far south as Venezuela.
I wonder why not further. There were maybe some other cultures there that filled the niche if giant-beast-hunter? Or maybe Clovis went further but changed their tech...
Great video! Concerning the extinction of the mammoth, if it were caused by over hunting, you'd expect to see a correlating change in the life style of the Clovis people, and most likely a reduction in population. As in the regular predator / prey boost-bust cycles.
Many mammoths have been found frozen in the Russian permafrost. So a cataclysm caused that sudden death of mammoths there, why not elsewhere?
@@elizabethkoegel7707why do you need a cataclysm to freeze Mammoths? They literally lived in a freezer.
@@swirvinbirds1971 The freezing wasn't the important part of his comment. It's that they were frozen and NOT hunted.
@@MrBottlecapBill not sure how that would change anything. Mammoths lived in a freezer, many were preserved because they froze before decomposition. And FYI we do see a change in the Clovis people with the loss of the megafauna they were hunting. The Clovis were replaced by the Folsom culture. Clovis is literally a tooling style. That's what makes them Clovis. When the tooling changed the Clovis disappears... Yet 80% of natives in Both North and South America are directly related to the Clovis people by DNA. The Clovis, didn't disappear, the tooling that marks them as Clovis did... Right around the time we lost the North American megafauna.
I really enjoyed and loved the information and hypotheses you presented in this video. How did you come across your obviously vast knowledge? Is there a list of your references?
I've come across several of your productions recently & been quite impressed. Subscribed. For what it's worth - and I haven't really studied the matter - I think that the earliest inhabitants of the Americas were the Clovis, who came from Europe via the Viking route, and penetrated as far as the Rockies. At about the same time came the NE Siberians, who quickly penetrated present-day Canada & the USA west of the Rockies, eventually reaching S America. The penetration of both in what is now the USA was only partial, leading to collaboration in much of America west of the Rockies.
Two major facts about Clovis are left out in this video. The oldest Clovis Points are found in the Atlantic Coastal Plains of eastern Georgia and southern South Carolina. The greatest concentration of Clovis Points is located in central Tennessee. In other words, Clovis technology seems to have spread outward from the South Atlantic Coast.
Yes very convenient
Solutrean
On a dig on the DelMarVa peninsula we found several Clovis points. I was told by the people in charge that Clovis stone tech matched up more closely with that of northern France of the same general time frame and nothing like north eastern Asia at the time.
That's true. I was at a Smithsonian Christmas Party when Dennis Stanford first began to realize that there was a strong European influence on Virginia's oldest artifacts. He also was beginning to realize that there was never a completely ice-free route from Siberia to the heartland of North America as everyone then was taught in school.
Wonder if the old vikings might have possibly influence the start over there from their early settling as well. Old tribes have stories of their blue eyed blonde hair brothers. Chief Joseph of the mes Pierce was said to have had a old Viking relic in form of tablet. How does a tribe from Midwest get that viking artifact cause I'm uneducated of Vikings making it that far in land. Wouldn't make sense with their culture being sea people.
I think it’s likely mammoth hunters didn’t go for killing strokes. More like the bull fighter approach, with many small cuts, plus running it like a wolf pack until the mammoth was exhausted. Pretty feasible. Elephants aren’t fast sprinters or strong long-distance runners.
They do make up for lack of speed by being extremely racist.
@@ge2623 Hmmm. : )
Very thorough and interesting video. Keep it up!
So comprehensive. Wow, just, WOW!!! Thank you
I enjoyed your video. And I am a big game hunter and I believe the Clovis people harassed and ran the mammoth until it was out of breath and it's lungs collapsed and it falls down on the ground. and then the kill was made with the Clovis points.👍🏿.
Enigmatic is the right word. All the answers I want are just out of reach. Still, a fascinating culture. Living in the Midwest myself, It is strange to think that megafauna used to use my tiny corner of the world as their home, with the Clovis people following and hunting them as well. It goes to show how amazing our ancestors were.
Thank you, excellent and interesting video, I'd heard of the Clovis Culture but knew nothing about it so this has filled a gap and deepens my respect for our predecessors, their ingenuity and resilience in hard conditions.
The Jazz at the very end is awesome in its strange addition. But excellent video, thank you!
One person commented below that "all the answers are just out of reach". I feel the same way. I think the earliest culture came from Asian along the coast. Even if you look at Chinese/trading today and over time, they have followed the same route of travel marked by the same named historical trading centers. Most evidence of that travel in the Americas is probably buried under coastal waters. For whatever reason, those people did not come in sufficient numbers and left or were eliminated before they could leave their DNA. I've heard that peopling of the continent after 12,500 years ago did not require a large number of people. I am not sure how many people that would be but it could account for the loss of people by region up to ten thousand years ago. Profound glacial flooding in the north and west and plains had to wipe out a lot of the population and animals too. You can still clearly see the marks of that flooding over the whole geography. The very cold, wind swept, dusty period of ten thousands years ago probably took its toll as well. Someday we will find the answers but I don't think we are there yet. "Enigma".
That they used something like canoes along the cost is the likeliest explanation, yes. We do know people used some kind of boats to reach Australia at least 55 000 years ago so they certainly had the technology for that. There is of course the possibility that we have screwed up with the ice coverage on land and that there have been earlier land bridges too. We do have evidence for warmer and colder periods and since they logically had to arrive either on land or water those are after all the only 2 possibilities unless you think they could have walked over glaciers without being able to get supplies for months (besides possible fish and seals from the coast, but that seems even unlikelier then the Solutri theory.
The watercolors of the Clovis people are stunning.
Thank you for another awesome video. Youre the best!!!
Thank you for this excellent video. Highly informative!
Awesome video! I didn’t expect to be so invested in something I never thought much about. One SMALL correction, though. Smilodon populator was found exclusively in South America, it was Smilodon fatalis that would’ve been the Clovis peoples’ main problem. Also, Smilodon gracilis (the only other species of Smilodon) had been extinct by the time humans arrived in North America, but it’s an easy mistake since looking up Smilodon gracilis brings up Smilodon fatalis.
Check the bottom corner at 26:27, you are right about gracilis though
@@NORTH02 missed that, my bad!
Compare with Africa. The big cats are NOT an overwelming threat to a African tribe. Never was. Don´t overextimate the threat of smilidons.
Did you make those spears and spear thrower? So kewl!!!!
Yeah
@@NORTH02 absolutely fantastic!
Another nice video :) Hey btw I think you have the wrong instagram url in the video description (but the right one in the About section on your main page). I just gave you a follow btw so I am looking forward to seeing your posts!
bro you deserve way more subscribers, you do such good documentries on early human and where we all come from
Do you think the "rapid" migration eastward may have been facilitated by the general lack of terrain obstacles? Pretty easy to spread out (relatively quickly) when you don't have to climb over mountains or cross vast bodies of water. Just seems rather logical but I'm not a scientist debating causal hypotheses in an effort to find (another misguided) silver bullet answer. An atlatl may not have been able to penetrate deep enough to score a kill. However, providing multiple wounds by several darts as well as persistence hunting techniques, a large animal could have been weakened enough for a spear attack to deliver the final blow. Again, the sniper-esque silver bullet answer in search of a prehistoric "one shot, one kill" seems that some scientist spend too much time not looking for and debating about the questions at hand than looking at more obvious, plausible and probable answers to those questions. The early peoples would very likely hunted as opportunists. Sure they would exploit every opportunity for larger game for the many uses of the entire kill, but that doesn't exclude their daily needs to survive. Small game, medium sized or whatever was close at hand and available would have been choices made just as much as (likely) planned hunts for Mammoth/Mastadons. When scientists fixate on such short sighted answers if infuriates me that they miss journey through the realities of the hypothesis. My rants are not directed at you North02
To be fair, your rants are directed at nobody. You should put this in writing and record it as video. Things like this need to be said but they are lost in the void here.
3:05 ; evidence is poor because of lack of data, and we lack this data because nobody thought to look deeper than 20,000 years for the past 50 years. We should look at history without a preconcieved notion of what happened. Love this channel
Are you implying that archaeologists stop digging in the middle of a dig? How much farther do they need to go once they stop finding artifacts?
@@wompbozer3939 When they find something old, archaeologists panic and order pizza! Lol just kidding. They love old stuff. If they could they would actually eat a pizza from 22kya to test the "out of pepperoni" theory
@@nmarbletoe8210 I say let’s get the jackhammer out and start busting on some granite. I know there’s some artifacts under there somewhere.
@@wompbozer3939 How do you know a geologist is slacking off? When he takes it for granite.
@@nmarbletoe8210 Did you just make that up
American Indigenous ate mammoths killed in/near water. The Osage name for elephants is Ni-ta, literally, “water meat”. Osage recognized elephants as them immediately upon seeing American circus elephants.
I've been wondering and looking for information on native Americans, so glad I found this channel. I am also curious about native Australians. Hmm I wonder who would make a vidd like that?
31:10 It wasn't weather, but rather habitat conversion that killed off so many species both in the Younger Dryas & even in the modern day. Martin completely overlooked ecological collapse as a potential root cause of the megafaunal extinctions.
Clovis people would have been very strong because of the very hard work they would do throughout their lives. I think testing spear points and how effective they are on Mammoth skin has to take into account how much stronger these people would have been than a modern human.
I have thought about this idea though the modern athlete of above average height depending on what sport they play would likely be significantly more athletic than these people. Specifically athletes involving throwing such as baseball or combat sports. Regardless clovis people would have varied a lot amoung themselves in hieght, strength, athleticism. I still agree that for these tests to be accurate they should error on the side of very athletic test subjects which they typically do. Javelin throwers have been used in many studies regarding Paleolithic humans.
@@NORTH02 that's idiotic. Go get pro athletes to work construction all day for months and see how they fair. Please today's top athletes would be total wimps in the cultures of pre-history. How calloused are your hands and feet?
@@taitsmith8521 My comment had nothing to do with how modern athletes would fair in prehistory. It purely had to do with how much force a modern athlete could exert while throwing a spear as opposed to a hunter gather or clovis person. A modern athlete that is well fed, has amazing genetics, and maybe some steroids would undoubtedly be able to throw a spear harder, although I said this really wouldn't matter. Ancient people were obviously adept at their craft.
They would have been hardy people! Survivors with strength in perseverance,grit, determination and very strong in this way but not necessarily in the ( stronger then modern people with muscle or capacity of muscle development) way at all. Mentally leaps and bounds stronger!
I also like the juxtaposition of fantastic natural vistas and artifact displays. It gives a rhythm to the lecture.
im at my finals in my anthropology career and have to write an essay about the clovis tips, such a fascinating topic, I just needed to watch this doc, thank you!!
They are not “arrow tips”
@@NORTH02 you’re right, my bad, I had a problem translating to english xD