The Settlement of the Americas: New Discoveries
2024 ж. 18 Мам.
309 094 Рет қаралды
The arrival of humans into North and South America is an incredible event that scientists have been trying to illuminate for centuries. Recent discoveries have completely changed our understanding of this topic but have raised more questions.
Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
01:08 Disclaimers
02:17 Siberian Origins
10:54 Migration into America
13:43 Possible Means of Arrival
20:27 Problems with Migration Models
27:08 Controversies and Alternative Theories
36:12 Conclusion
Old First American's Episode: • Finding America: The A...
Patreon: / ancientamericas
Facebook: / ancientamericas
Sources and Bibliography: docs.google.com/document/d/1T...
I don’t care that this dropped at 12am, I am watching it in full.
Me too
2am here, and do I care? Nope!
Amen!
12:doesnt matter still watching as well
Me too!
You had me at "I thought I knew what was talking about back then and I actually did, but a lot has changed since then"
Today's lesson is: always be willing to re-evaluate your past work.
Been waiting for this. I don't really know what the impetus is, but scientists/universities are gathering more and more evidence/analysis of peoples in the Americas. (How recent is the isotope analysis of diet/teeth?) This channel is on the forefront, and I love it.
As an ex-archaeologist I’m really excited by how much difference gentics is making to our understanding of history. Glad to see people like yourself highlighting that.
The settlement of america and Australia and the pacific islands are some of the most compelling aspects of humanity's journey and it makes me sad most ppl don't care or understand it....
Man’s search for open spaces when we were hunter gatherers.
Illegally squatting you mean.
@@jaylos3094 Seriously? Here???? I thought this was a happy place! Human nature is to explore, and to colonize. Human curiosity, or their desperation, at times, drives them to look for new lands. Greedy people existed, as well as scientists, and people looking for opportunities. Like today. These people will take aspects of the culture of others that are beneficial, drop those that are not beneficial, and they promulgate their own culture all the while...they take the things others created, mate with their women, and vice versa. These groups mix into a new sort of society, an amagulmation of both cultures, then the strongest of this group survive...It's the few cruel people who have ended up in positions of power, who give a bad name to colonists of all kinds...Unless they are flooding into a rich country, pillaging, and destroying it in the process. Giving NOTHING, and only taking from the land they are invading, their very first action in this rich country is breaking the law...THEN, it's probably ok with you to be a, "squatter". Am I right?
You know your stuff! I'm Mexican Native, and we r also the ppl from the Pacific. We r related genetically with all the Pacific ppl, including the Aboriginals of Australia!
I agree, I want to explore these places so much! Last year visited Tahiti, they have a magnificent Museum of French Polynesia with wonderful screens showing the development of Polynesia using the tracing of ancient DNA. Plus the wonder of a boat without a single nail or metal tool. The textiles were superb.
The finding of that ancestral Native American DNA near Lake Baikal is really fascinating, partly because there’s linguistic evidence that the Yeniseian people of Siberia are related to the various Na Dené groups in North America, and because Lake Baikal flows into the Yenisei River which these people are named after (though they don’t call themselves that).
To be fair, that DNA at Lake Baikal is a little iffy because it dates to a much later time. You have to be willing to accept that the same people were in that area for thousands of years which may not be true.
It's still so interesting. Makes a person want to know more
Live a while in arctic conditions and your whole understanding of survival requirements changes. Seasonal routes open and close as the weather changes. And humans could and can travel fairly great distances by foot or water in short periods of time. Travel over ice, over ice sheets, over mountains and over glaciers combined with water travel removes traditional “restricted routes”. Humans are curious animals, always in search of different and better conditions of living. We do our ancestors a disservice when we underestimate how populations interacted with their environment and overestimate the barriers to their movements. They did not need a land bridge when they knew perfectly well how to travel and survive on winter ice and open coastal waters.
Here! Here! Much disservice. My appreciation and reverence to all of our ancestors. I was pleasantly surprised to find in my ancestry DNA from Alutes. Never would have thought or known, being that I am Danish/Irish. The Alutean islands are as far as you can get from Denmark/Ireland.🔥
@@danielnielsen1977. You are Danish and you are surprised? So next thing you are going to tell everyone is that the vikings didn't happen! Never mind that during and after the middle ages Danish merchants and sailors travel all over the world!
@@danielnielsen1977 Not so far if you travel due north.
What I want to know is, how did the indigenous peoples of North America survive without vast stroads paved on either side by chain restaurants and outlets? How did they make it without car centric infrastructure?
Canoes, beef jerky and many complicated trails existed some still exist and are in use under roads
All that has been covered by the rising sea levels
They had those, actually, but unfortunately they were on the central beringian plain
Back then there were still large herds of big macs roaming the prairies. Those majestic beasts provided the plainsdwellers with much of what they needed.
When I was a kid, my mom used to take me to get salmon burgers from McDorset's. I remember those restaurants fondly, so sad to see them go.
Ancient Americas quickly becoming my favorite YT channel
Thank you!
Fascinating to hear more information about this. It's great to hear updates on things we've already learned as sometimes it can give more context and understanding as to what happen.
Why does your comment say two days ago when the video says it dropped five hours ago?
@forcelightningcable9639 right like I'm scratching my head about that 😂
@@characterblub2.0 the matrix has cracked. 🐈⬛🐈⬛
@@forcelightningcable9639 Video is available a week early though Patreon.
You can't discover something that is already there and already has a name. Another European enslavement of the indigenous people in the name of colonization and larceny.
"Now I'm going to address some controversies and 'alternate' theories." Ah yes, the Good Part! :D
A refreshing and measured analysis of the work of many archaeologists in the Americas.
5:00 some bros got into a fist fight. Knocked some teeth, thus giving us vital evidence. Thanks my two dudes.
Lmao yeah! I thought the same thing, bless those little guys
That pretty much destroys my “waylaid tooth fairy” hypothesis.
@@MarcosElMalo2 the fairy went to gather the teeth but knew itd be important to history somehow
@@TheParadoxGamer1.
@@charlieadams8115 thanks i think i dropped that somewhere on the way here.
Excellent. "Don't completely understand ..." is a brilliant understatement. Just recently, a paper was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that forecloses on the idea that the "ice-free corridor" could have been an entry route to the lower latitudes. The authors employed cosmogenic isotopes on surface rocks from the "ice free corridor" to argue that the IFC did not open until less than 14,000 BP. That reduces the possible route(s) to one (or possibly two). The IFC may still have been how the concept of fluting projectile points reached Alaska from the continent south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. One observation about the original dates attributed to White Sands and the hypothetical "failure" to account for the freshwater (not marine) reservoir effect is that the effect is generally considered during the dating work. The effect for the White Sands footprints would be the "fresh water" reservoir effect, if there was one, would require a source of "fossil" carbon, which the park environment doesn't offer. The sands are gypsum, a sulphate mineral, with no carbon in it. So, any local plants would be employing atmospheric C02 for photosynthesis. The original study considered the possibility of a "hard water" effect and concluded it was unlikely.
Thank you!
What resources would have been available within the ice free corridor? It had been under ice for so long that there would have been no, or effectively no, plant life. Without plants there wouldn’t have been animals. It’s a looooong way from Alaska to Montana, especially on foot. How would humans have survived such a journey?
I like
Good
There were people coming across the Atlantic Ocean more than a few thousand years ago, but they did not leave the kinds of evidence that Archaeologists anticipate they would find. I have to believe that a rigidly structured society was formed which worked against DNA evidence of their presence remaining today. Kind of like looking for Roman and Carthaginian DNA in modern British people.
Love your videos man keep it up. My family and I are of Zapotec Peoples from Oaxaca Mexico, and our village is in the mid mountains isolated from Civilization. This is one of the main reasons our people still practice their Native Customs such as their language, food, etc. Since migrating to the States, people have mistaken us for being from the Philippines, Japanese, and in some cases Polynesian.
I am California Miwok and my mother looked so Asian, some Church people or Salesmen at our door asked my mother if she spoke English.
Thank you!
It is beautiful to be direct from our ancestors and to have their features and that the mother languages of Anawak and their customs and traditions have not yet been lost, that many traditions and customs have been lost that we have to rescue.
That's funny, I have a friend who is Korean/Caucasian mix who often gets mistaken for Native American.
I take it that you discard the ' information ' that has been circulating, that the original Americans were god-like tall blonde blue eyed people: Or that they were people who came directly from Sub-Saharan Africa. 🤭 😂
I never heard so in depth about the Beringian burials you mentioned. Thank you for sharing. The fact that the sea level changed so much make this so dang difficult to find out about! And awesome sharing that evidence about the dog DNA!!! That was very valuable as evidence of dispersal routes!
Your conclusion deserves a standing ovation and a H-- YES!
Herto man is proof that modern humans (Homo sapiens) lived in Africa at least 160,000 years ago. And they seem to have stayed there for a long time. Though it is unclear when some modern humans first left Africa
That's an H.. E Dbl hockey stick Yeah!! 😜🤣😁✌️🥃🤘
YESSSS I've been waiting for this update for so long, thank you!
Ta-da!
Like thousands and thousands of years!
I really like your videos. You are one of the few channels that can keep my undivided attention. It`s nice that you always include other theories with pros and cons too. Greetings from germany!
Thank you!
babe wake up, new AA vid just dropped
Let the lady sleep!
@@AncientAmericas😂😂💤
@@AncientAmericas 😂😂
This is probably my favorite video of yours. Super interesting topic covered in a really responsible way
Thank you!
Never clicked a KZhead notification faster before this😂😂
This is one of the top 9 channels on KZhead. Thanks a bunch Big Dog!
Thank you!
I wish I'd had this available when I was teaching at one of the Universities of California (retired in `08). This would have been required viewing. This is the best, most comprehensive and inclusive (meaning controversies included) treatment of the subject yet done! If you'd been one of my students, I'd have hoped you'd continue your studies, and eventually become a professor in this field. Very well done!!
Thank you so much! I actually seriously considered going that route back when I was in undergrad but by the time I finished, I was burned out on higher education and never went back to school. This channel helps scratch that itch though.
thanks as always for your presentations, and your honesty in reference to the gaps in our knowledge!
It’s so interesting how complex the expansion and migration of the human species is across the world, unlike what we are told Also, have you done a video on non-Amazonian non-Andean civilization in South America yet? I feel like they are extremly under covered and I wish I can find more easily accessible information about them. Especially regions like la plata or the Brazilian highlands, but idk if there’s even enough information for a video
Thank you! Unfortunately, the only South American topics I have are either Andean or Amazonian cultures.
@@AncientAmericas ah, aww 😔 It’s kinda sad how we have so little information about natives in later Spanish conquest region, for half of South America I can’t even find their names
What we are told lags behind discovery. And the alt history establishment (purveyors of fine woo like Ancient Aliens and Atlantis) don’t make it easier. We are actually quite lucky that channels like Ancient Americas are possible, both in informing us of developments in archaeological studies and in countering the batshit woowoo theories propounded by the pseudoscience industrial complex and sucked up by the mentally lazy, the mentally incapacitated, and the mentally ill.
Great Video. Always Learn from and enjoy your video essays. Stefen Milo has done some videos interviewing the individuals that published some of the papers you referenced , he did great as well. Always get excited when I see a new video from you, Thanks :)
Thank you! Yes, he dropped those episodes when I was in the thick of my research for this episode so they were very well timed.
Please can you link the video 🥺
Really glad to see you revisiting your old videos. Makes me excited for the redo's of mayan and amazonian content in a decade or so once lidar and stuff has completely overturned our previous picture :P
That's an amazing video! And don't apologize for revisiting it, it's great to see new developments. I'd love to see yet another one in a few years!
Thank you!
I am very much someone who has a great interest in history of any kind, and I consider myself to have a naturally inquisitive nature even at almost 41 lol. One of my eternal headaches when watching history shows is how often they create more questions by being too focused on the general subject. Given the complexity of what you covered especially in terms of the shifting ice shelf etc I thought the extra steps you took like explaining how the earth can rise when ice melts away was a thing of beauty and I thank you for it. So glad I stumbled upon your channel tonight !!
Thank you!
Loved this video and you also inspired me to grab Origin from my online library and listen to it as an audiobook. Highly recommended!
Thank you!
i was at the bookstore last week and was debating between Sapians and Origins since ive been meaning to read both and lets just say im gonna have to go back and buy the one i didnt get :(
@@samuelripa-ol1ry never read sapiens but I've heard good stuff about it.
Love this channel. Thanks for all your hard work!! What a time to be alive (if you're an ancient history buff), sooo many new findings which are changing so much previous assumptions!
Thank you!
I really appreciate all the effort you placed into this and the humility and integrity it took and takes to revisit old material of yours and update it.
Thank you!
Thank you for updating the diff . research .on this topic.
I will say that the grunting cavemen from the far side are quite consistent with how Gary Larson wrote and drew his modern humans
Rather recently, DNA technology has allowed scientists to discover that most Europeans have Neanderthal DNA. Immediately there was a shift on how Neanderthals are portrayed. Now instead of grunting bruits they're portrayed more human like and even pretty good looking as well. Of course most of these scientists are of European origin. 🤭
@@JustJoe326The most fascinating thing for me about the Neanderthal DNA contributing to European descendants genes are the psyquiatric disorders inherited due to Neanderthal lonely lifestyles LOL.
Made my morning joint and booted this fire video up 🔥
Thank you!
Thank you for this post. It explained some things that I had puzzled over for years.
Thank you! I’m absolutely addicted to your videos.
Thank your for yiur hard work to summarize such a complex body of academic work. Its been hard to put the peices together from a bunch of one-off articles and videos, so an overview is very welcome. Bravo.
Thank you!
Another fine production. Thank you for thus.
Thank you!
The most eagerly awaited video drops.
I really appreciate how you went through the different hypotheses and controversies. It's great to see you revisiting topics based on new evidence and data. Nicely done!
Thank you so much!
Every time I watch an upload of yours I Go To My Happy Place
Along with Jennifer Raff's Origins book, David Reich's book, Who We are and How We Got Here, has a very lengthy chapter on the Americas that is worth understanding.
your advice on feeding curiosity is so well put. I truly enjoy your work,from the land of the Ancient peoples of Australia ❤
An endlessly fascinating topic, thank you.
love this channel!
Thank you!
Would you consider ever doing a part 2 to this video where you go into all the groups who dispute the official science and claim to have precolonial connections to Natives from the Americas? E.g. Mormons who claim a connection to Mesoamerica through the lost tribes of Israel; Egyptians who claim to have founded the Mayan and Incan civilizations; people of African descent who claim the Olmecs were actually Black; Europeans who claim Native civilizations came from Atlantis. It seems like the official science and archeology is being drowned out by these louder groups online so it might be interesting to discuss. Many Natives I know say they’ve seen an uptick in New Age and conspiracy tourism from these people, and some have gone so far as to pour money to take control of important sites and rewrite history for their benefit.
Funny you say that, because I was briefly planning a similar episode but put it on the back burner to do this very episode. Maybe I'll come back to it someday.
Thanks for covering these topics.
This is so cool, I consider this one of your best works. Thank you so much for making and sharing it.
Thank you!
Haven't even watched it I just clicked so fast SO EXCITED
My people believe that we were always here, as do a number of other tribes.
Watching for the second time, watched the first one a few times too, the settlement of the Americas is one of the most fascinating topics in archeology to me, i look forward to a few years in the future when you make a new one :)
I for one appreciate maintaining updated information and discoveries for us… this particular topic is evolving FAST and new discoveries are being made left and right with all of the new technologies available. I get annoyed watching outdated videos so knowing the channel isn’t afraid to edit or upload a new video to let us know the latest science and scuttlebutt.
Wild shot in the dark anybody else psyched this dropped the same day almost at new gutsick gibbon? No? Not even remotely? Thanks anyway, AA, you're the best!
I liked her topic as well
Also the same day that ArchaeoEd dropped a new episode!
You get a thumbs-up just for mentioning Far Side. Long live Gary Larson!
Hee Hee :-))
All the kids who grew up in the 80's and 90's stand up!
I appreciate that you try keep the difference between fact and interpretation, also that you review your vision when warranted by new evidence. Well done.
This is an amazingly fascinating episode. Thanks so very much for putting these videos together I love your work.
Thank you!
Oh yeah 👍. I forgot to say, Thank you thank you, thank you ❤.
You're most welcome!
every time you upload an angel gains its wings
Even if you're not an "expert," as you say, these videos are still a great entry to any topic. This channel has definitely helped when I am researching topics for writing for my college classes. I have made use of your reference lists in my explorations. I check out every new video from this channel now as they come out.
Thank you!
There is something so interesting about this! Look around where you are right now, think about 10,000yrs ago & someone standing in the same spot you are, wondering what they saw
Excellent docu as always. However I have to object to your claim of mtDNA X2 originating in East Asia, two reasons: 1. X overall seems West Asian (X1 is almost exclusively Egyptian, X2 is most diverse in West Eurasia by far) and one of the haplogroups associated to the wider (second and most extensive) colonization of West Eurasia in the Early Upper Paleolithic. Like most West Eurasian mtDNA lineages, they do ultimately a SE Asian origin but that's before their coalescence, which happened either in South Asia or already in West and Central Asia (the likely scenario for X and X2). 2. Its patrilineal (Y-DNA) counterpart is Q, which again is clearly rooted in West Asia, where it's most basally diverse, even if much more common (subclade Q1 specifically) among Native Americans (but only one subhaplogroup, i.e. founder effect or bottleneck). The East Asian genetics in Native Americans is very clear but it belongs mostly to matrilineal (mtDNA) haplogroups, namely A, B, C and D (they were the first four mtDNA lineages sequenced, hence the names). These are associated to very strong East Asian autosomal (recombinable) genetics, however there's also a West Eurasian autosomal connection. The rational conclusion, which fits also well with the archaeology, is that the precursors of Native Americans split from the West Eurasian founder population (Early UP) early on, being surely the ones we observe in Altai c. 47,000 BP, displacing the local Neanderthals northwards (Y-DNA Q and mtDNA X2 are even today found in that area BTW). Then they spread eastwards along North China and Mongolia, where the archaeology shows spread of Upper Paleolithic (blade, mode 4) techs c. 30,000 BP. It was surely in this area where they patrilocally incorporated more and more East Asian genetics (i.e. mostly women from other populations were incorporated to these groups) before reaching Beringia and eventually America. A similar development we see in the second North Asian specialist population, the Uralics, which spread from East Asia westwards after the Last Glacial Maximum, carrying Y-DNA N1 and mtDNA C but today retaining mostly the patrilineage and not or barely the matrilineage as they arrived to NE Europe and mixed with the locals also patrilocally. As far as I can discern this patrilocality seems to be a Northern specialist adaptation or evolution, as matrilocality can be observed further south in the wider West Eurasian population as they migrated westwards through South Asia and after arrival to Egypt as well. A final note that you didn't mention re. the "Solutrean hypothesis" is what actually forced Stanford, its creator, to ditch it: mtDNA X2 has not been found in any single Paleolithic European and it is very clear by now (and for many years already) that it only arrived in Europe with the Neolithic migration from West Asia (the same applies to N, W and JT and maybe some subclades of H). Without any Solutrean X2, it cannot be "evidence" of the most unlikely transatlatic migration. There is an extremely ancient West Eurasian - Native American connection but it is via Siberia and has nothing to do with Europe at all.
@@dffndjdjd - Oversimplified little misunderstandings I'd say. I still feel the need to clarify.
Thank you! I appreciate your clarification!
@@AncientAmericas - And I appreciate your appreciation. Cheers. Keep up the good work.
“If I was writing the textbooks….” Bet, please do write a book 😅
I'd love to but I'd probably have to take a long break from the channel to do that.
So excited when I saw this was out! Its such an interesting topic and I can't get enough
Thank you!
I thank you for these videos. I'm a volunteer guide in the Museo de América in Madrid, Spain. This information helps to make the explanations more revealing and colorful.
Thank you!
I wonder how long until this video will get outdated, but such is making topics surrounding the study of the human past.
Knowing my luck, I'd say next month.
That's what real science ought to be.@@AncientAmericas
Actually, the Mapuche say they came from the North. My great-grandmother was Mapuche
That is good to know. Are there any traditions of coming by sea to their homeland?
@@AncientAmericas As far as I know, there are no detailed recollections of the origin myths of the Mapuche. Just that they came from the North.
@@AncientAmericas So, for the Mapuche, coming from the North would mean coming by land. I'm sure you are familiar with the myths in Peru about gods, royal lineage founders, coming from the West by sea. However, in my opinion, this is an astronomic association rather than literally arriving by sea. If you are interested, I wrote a thesis about these religions and I could share it with you.
Shoot it to my channel email! It should be listed on my channel page.
@@AncientAmericas Great. I will send a link to your email.
Very good to see a new video. Thanks for all your hard work.👍❤️
Thank you!
Very, thorough, thanks! This the channel about ancient Americas I was always looking for! Subscribed.
Thank you!
Got school tommorow and its 12AM, TO BAD ANCIENT AMERICAS DROPPED!!
I better not see any of your teachers complaining in the comments.
I get a STRONG sense of a very grudging acceptance of the newer older dates of human settlement of the Americas from this video ;) Human settlement of North and South America is VERY complex, and more evidence is emerging that humans and possibly our relatives have been in the Americas for 100's of *thousands* of years. The butchered mammoth bones in california have been exhaustively tested along with the site, and are *130,000* years old. There are genetic echoes of Australian aboriginal DNA in several South American tribes, hinting at a likely early crossing of the Pacific.
I really don't get that.
Also. The ceruti mastodon site was addressed in the video and I think pretty effectively shown to be a really weak hook to use to hold up a claim as big as "the Americas were inhabited by archaic human species".
No one doubts the age of the cerutti mastadon site. The dates on that site are solid and not disputed. The dispute is whether or not humans killed and butchered the mastadons there.
No debate
Absolutely fascinating!
14:00 hrs Thursday jan 08 24 you really have me in the front row of the classroom ! Badgersden,"thank you teacher" !
In light of White Sands, we need to start looking in LGM strata up rivers that were near the southern end of the Cordilleran ice sheet -- like the Chehalis, Willapa, and obviously rhe Columbia. The Portland Basin should get some more attention -- although the glacial damn burst floods crashed hard into there, and might have buried evidence under a lot of gravels.
The Willapa area probably isn't an option either due to how rapidly the landscape changes here. Maybe you'd find stuff in the mountains, but everything else is probably under dozens of feet of marine mud or in the ocean.
Yes, perhaps best chance of finding evidence could be south along the coast into Oregon, and up rivers where they would have prospected for conchoidal fracture material for replenishing tools. High points in the coastal mountains may have been tundra, modified a bit by warmer marine influence to make foot travel over the ridges, past Triangle lake, into the Willamette valley fairly easily. They would probably be looking for potential new mating possibilities too, to be hormonal-driven eastward, yet not finding other bands already there to find?
Why just there? There are some fantastic sites on the east coast that date 17-19kya.
Yeaaaaah. Way to go Homespace! Now if only people could admit that humans were on this continent WAY, WAY EARLIER than it was acknowledged just a very few years ago. People were here a very long time ago! A VERY LONG TIME AGO! Not just 13000 years, but closer to thirty thousand years ago.
Amen!
White sands is 21 kya not 30.
Yes, but those people may have not been able to survive long enough to contribute to the genetic evidence currently studied. There may have been numerous small bands that got here early on, but were not viable enough to increase population much.
Wonderfull update to you old video another great watch.
Thank you!
Throughly enjoyed presentation! Thanks 👍
It often seems like academics are less interested in defending their settlement hypothesis, and rather are defending their grant money.
Unfortunately, you usually need grant money to do archaeology and scientific studies. Something as simple as a soil test can cost over $1000.
@@AncientAmericas oh for sure, that's why we need one of those eccentric billionaires
Another interesting site not mentioned here is Rimrock Draw, in SE Oregon. Apparently the dating of around 18kya is solid. I'm also surprised you didnt mention the giant sloth osteoderm "pendants" in Brazil, with the layer they were found in being dated to the LGM. Controversial for multiple reasons. The holes "drilled" in the osteoderm material seem likely to me to be natural.
Yeah, I thought about discussing them but decided to leave them out. They are very interesting artifacts though.
Hey thanks for mentioning the Spirit Cave mummy! I grew up right by that, and it’s always fascinated me that natives lived in the Great Basin when it was still covered in water. What a life!
Goddammit I gotta wake up for manual labor in 5 hours and You drop this shit
Good morning 😊
Hey, don't worry, the video will still be here when you wake up!
Yeah 🎉❤. Me first 😊
Fabulous video. Well presented. Thank you.
Thank you!
Great stuff. Thank you for your hard work.
Thank you!
31:15 In regards to the Solutrean Hypothesis, I believe it holds more water than you show. First the Solutreans were not necessarily the same as modern Europeans and so the assertion that the X2a & X2g clades couldn't have come from Europe because they merely share common ancestry with the X2b et al. clades is disingenuous. At some point they two sets of clades split from a common ancestor and there's no reason why the X2a & X2g couldn't have disappeared from Europe and only survived in America. Also from the map you show the distribution looks like what one might predict if the clades came to America via the Atlantic. There's also haplogroup R Y-DNA in North America with a similar distribution (highest concentrations in eastern USA/Canada/Great Lakes) which looks like how one might predict the distribution of a haplogroup that originated from an Atlantic migration. Also R-M173 is most common among the Native Americans, not R1b. R1b is the variant most common in Spain, France and Britain, while R-M173 is more common in Ukraine, Belarus, Eastern Poland and Western Russia. So it seems unlikely to be a product of the Western European colonizers. As for Solutrean points never being found in the Americas, most of the East Coast sites where they might have landed are far underwater now, just like in the Pacific. That could also affect the timeline of why Clovis points weren't found until 13,500 years ago, most of the Solutrean points that would inspire clovis points are now in the Atlantic. Also the fluting may be additional innovation developed in America since the original transfer of the technology from Europe. There's also the incongruity that the points found in Siberia are even more dissimilar from Clovis points than Solutrean points are, namely the use of ivory and microblades as opposed to overshot flaking. That said, there was a Solutrean point made out of French Flint found in Virginia, along with several similarly shaped ones in the same area made from local materials. Evidence here: www.google.com/url?q=kzhead.info/sun/ktKtmbuboIhndmg/bejne.htmlt%3D40m35s&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1706770932357329&usg=AOvVaw3BFrATnaS9obi8Khw0RFt8
The sites on the east coast around Chesapeake Bay like Cactus Hill and Miles Point have some dates that are close to 20,000 and they would have been way off the coast then. No telling what is lost beneath the waves off the eastern seaboard.
Thanks for doing this thorough update. You covered the evidence well. My personal take is that the 21,000 year date date is now proven due to white sands. SO people were here during the LGM. A date 30,000 years or before have been hinted at but the evidence remains at least somewhat ambiguous. However during the LGM boats really would have been the only way into the Americas, but before 30k years ago the land pathway makes way more sense than the land pathway does at 14 or 13K years ago for exactly the reasons you describe. I am also absolutely convinced that the vast majority of native Americans descend from ancient Northeast Asians who likely arrived later than the "first humans" alongside the dogs, but that still leaves plenty of room for a smaller percentage of native ancestry be it 10% or 1% to be from an alternative origin given our current understanding of genetics. I personally find the Hueyatalco site absolutely baffling, so I understand the past reluctance to look at it. But I hope it does get more proper attention because these anomalies can be critically important to breaking through to a new understanding regardless of whether the dates are confirmed or debunked.
Thank you. Yeah, Hueyatalco is really odd because people have tried to reconcile the data coming out of there but no one has been able do that yet. It's an interesting site for sure but interpreting it is very difficult.
Love your approach. Well done.
Thank you!
I love that you remake, or rather, re-visit topics when more information comes to light. Personally, I'd like it if the discipline would get more comfortable leaving unknowns as just that. If there is a lot of evidence for a certain thing at, say 10,000 years ago, and a lot of evidence for something else around 8,000 years ago, but how things got from A to B is unclear, don't rush forward with wild guesses! It's okay to say we think B followed directly from A but we don't yet know how. BTW, I finished my military career not far from Calico, but I never made it out there for a visit. Thank you for your efforts and stay safe.
Thank you!
Love your work! Very professional presentations!
Thank you!
I watched this video while filing the documentation from work at the Gault site.
What a lovely coincidence!
This is my favorite one. Thank you.
Thank you!
Nice job, enjoyed this very much
Thank you!
A coastal migration would certainly explain the rapid spread of people from Beringia to what is now Chile. Agreed that a tragedy of rising sea levels is that we don't know what settlements were lost under the waves.
Wonderful content. Thank you.
Thank you!
I’m a newer subscriber (been watching for a few months) and this was such a fascinating video to watch! I really appreciate that you take the time to cover new revised information, and the controversies. I’m from Oregon, and this research has had a lot of focus from U of O and OSU
Thank you!
Excellent balanced discussion
Thank you!
Funny that you mentioned Eske. Last week NOVA did a special on him and ancient DNA. Essentially, Eske and his colleagues found DNA from 2.5 million years ago - not human, but everything else. They also showed that the arctic as we know it was significantly hotter than it is today. Consequently, the Beringia migration theories could easily have happened well before the LGM. Also, because the sea levels were about 400-500ft lower back then, it was also possible to migrate to North America from Europe/Iceland/Greenland via boat. If I would have watched the whole video before typing, I would have heard your explanation on these points :) well done man.
Thank you! I saw that video pop up in my feed last week but I haven't gotten a chance to watch it. Eske is an awesome scientist.
That was excellent! I had just watched a video about the last site you mentioned in Mexico. This is fascinating!!
Fell asleep to this and got up early to finish it. great work!!
Thank you!
Awesome video! You did a great job explaining the different ideas surrounding this topic, and why there’s so much controversy about it. The fact of the matter is that we’re never going to find the exact first person to set foot in the Americas- you never find the real ‘first’ of anything in archaeology- so all of our dates are just little spots of data filling in the timeline, and scientists are all doing their best to figure it out.
Thank you!
Thank you for the video