How To Become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2024 ж. 24 Мам.
221 073 Рет қаралды
Correction: I said, "unlike the US President, the UK PM isn't directly elected". Of course, that's not quite right- the US President isn't directly elected either. What I should have said was, "unlike the US President, in the UK we don't get a vote on who the Prime Minister is".
I love this little frog.
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00:00 Who gets chosen?
01:59 Become an MP
03:37 Get chosen by a main party
05:55 Become party leader
08:11 Get the most seats in the House of Commons
As a Canadian that is over 18 I had no idea that I was eligible to be the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 😂
Same here. But we need to be given leave to stay in the UK indefinitely. I understand that this is getting harder to do
At this point I would happily vote for a random KZhead commenter.
Were you to move to the UK I believe you’d also be automatically able to vote as long as you have residency, without even being a citizen.
Hurry quickly you can do it by the next election.
Me, a 20 year old Canadian citizen born in Latin America, realizing I could be PM in like 2 years for less than 1000 CAD... Theoretically...
"But really it's more complicated than that" feels like Britain in a nutshell.
Feels like the entire world in a nutshell
It becomes less complicated when you stop trying to make sense of anything. Britain just does stuff, dont ask why.
Allo guv'na Actually funny and slightly embarrassing note, being from the US I once had to ask a British colleague what 'chuffed' meant. And I speak 3 languages.
@@Shadowguy456234 OK , I’m an American as well. What the hell does it mean then ? Sounds sexual maybe ?
@@nilo70 Chuffed is like stoked. Although 'chuff', the noun, sometimes has a sexual reference so you're not entirely off...
I am still not used to there being "The King"
Yeah, that threw me as well. Being American, I don’t hear that phrase nearly as often as my UK cousins & at 55, I’ve only ever known ‘The Queen,’ so it’ll take me a bit to get used to it. The entire time they were talking about the PM being chosen by the monarch, I was mentally picturing Elizabeth as the monarch doing the choosing.
@@goldenageofdinosaurs7192 well I would say about 80 to 90 percent of the world population never knew another British monarch or doesn't remember
Well, for us on the outside that - in school - learn your national anthem, needs to be quick on our feet to not sing "the queen" anymore. Fortunately you don't switch the sex of the monarch that often :)
@ymer234 you learnt the anthem at school?! We didn't. I don't think I could sing the first verse without it written down.
@@ymer234 It is going to be God Save the King for quite awhile now.
"You pay £110 for them to do what’s called a 'due diligence check' on you, where they presumably check if you’re on the sex offender register and whether there’s any photos of you peeing on a war memorial..." Two examples that are just specific enough that I'm certain they're entirely hypothetical.
I have done neither of those things, but I'm sure there are unseemly photos of me floating around from my uni days, so that will disqualify me from the Tories. Drat! On the other hand, it would do me really well with the Australian Labor Party or the Australian Greens.
Your sarcasm is keen, but I don't think they're hypothetical at all. I wish Americans would do that as we are world reknown for our crooked and dumb@$$ politicians. One in particular fits the pic of a crooked dumbxxx to a T.
@@angelicasmodel wait till you hear what former PM David cameron got up to in his uni days. also en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullingdon_Club#Politicians and that other tory, neil parish who got caught watching porn in the house of commons...
"If, however, you've ever put your genitalia into the mouth of a decapitated pig..."
@@angelicasmodel in the ACT you can always go for both and join the labour/greens coalition
The "I run India now" sash quickly followed by the "Never mind" sash was a thing of beauty.🤣
The most unexpected uno reverse card
I missed that.
Where was that?
@@wolfzmusic9706 1:47 to 1:49
I notice there's nothing to say that cats can't be MPs. Larry for PM! 😹
I’d fucking vote for him!
I saw the frog in the thumbnail and thought that Larry the cat would have been a better choice of animal
As long as Larry is over 18 (in cat years or human years?🤔)
Cats cannot be a tax resident so he'll have to stand for Labour.
The Nolan Principles 🤣 if only they _did_ follow these principles.
Rules for thee but not for me
I burst out laughing, that list just kept going and zero of them apply to the Tories lmao
They have principles?
@@Frank_NStein - of course. What @mattd6085 said.
You follow them as a candidate, once elected they no longer apply
It seems crazy to me that I can be PM of the UK but not in my own country of Australia. I mean I could become eligible for Australia but I would have to denounce any dual citizenship status my maternal grandmother conferred to me.
Right? I was thinking the same thing. As a Canadian, I meet the qualifications. It's so strange.
That's bonkers. You'd think they could have fixed the rules after all that fuss a few years ago!
@@MissingRaptor The crazy part of the law that's stopping me from becoming a minister is to do with being beholden to the head of a foreign country. I can't sit in parliament because I might be swayed by the head of state of England..... The same bloody person I'd have to swear allegiance to anyway to sit in parliament.
@@z3lda808 Yeah it is bonkers when you're disqualified because your citizenships both recognise the same Person as head of state, but that's still the way it works.
@@jackvos8047 in fairness though if youre resident in the uk for tax purposes and live in australia thats not ideal is it? And why are you resident in the uk for tax purposes anyway? 🤔
"You get to meet the King." That still shocks me, and he's about to be crowned!
just don't get near him with a fountain pen
God Save the King ❤
@@vulpes7079 He ain’t no human being.
@@RandomNonsense1985 lol
@@dwc1964 especially a leaky one
Bone Secretary got me. I was trying not to laugh too loudly and was largely succeeding until that moment. I'm pretty familiar with the electoral systems of both India and the US, so this was a fascinating video. Also, props for including the credits at the end - I couldn't have been the only one taken by all the animal characters.
I found that (and "Chanticleer of the Exchequer") hilarious too! Thanks for the comment!
After hearing the phrase “The UK has an unwritten constitution” for the millionth time, it still throws my American brain for a loop every time.
Especially since many of the principles in the U.S. constitution stem from the unwritten, then British, constitution.
We don't have one single document called the Constitution of the UK but to say the British Constitution is unwritten is wrong - there are many acts of Parliament, treaties etc that make up the Constitution
@@pedanticradiator1491 A Constitution is above ordinary laws. The different acts of Parliament you mentioned can be overrun by a simple majority vote
@@pedanticradiator1491 we have an implied constitution which is based on tradition and precedent of what has come before. Anything can be overwritten via a majority vote in the commons. For an amendment to the constitution in the US, there needs to be a unanimous (or at the very least an almost unanimous) vote in both congress and the senate. Vastly different
Think of it as a very British way of saying we don't have one, we have a ruling class instead.
Mr chairman, I nominate the right honorable J. Draper to become our next MP. (house: rerrerrerrerrer...). 😂 With the given corrections; Mr Speaker I nominate the honorable Ms. J. Draper to become our next PM. (The House: rerrerrerrerrer...).
You don't get to be called "Right Honourable" without being a cabinet minister (more or less), so you would nominate Ms. J. Draper.
Mr Speaker, not Mr Chairman
@@Dave_Sisson stand corrected in both cases. Thanks, guys.
@@Dave_Sisson Not quite right; ‘The Right Honourable’ is reserved for members of the Privy Council. This generally includes the highest members of both the government and the Opposition, and is held for life. You would also never name another MP in the House, that’s against the rules. That’s why they’re always “The Honourable Gentleman”, “the Right Honourable Lady”, “the Honourable Member for X”, “my Right Honourable friend”, or some combination
Hear hear
As an American, this was pretty fun and very enjoyable to watch!!
I'm an American, too! I also enjoyed it!
I’m Canadian. You have Orange Mango trying to become another George! We have Just-out trying the same crap. Vote them out. Prison for both.
And it’s a nice explanation of how a parliamentary system works for us Yanks.
As a person who enjoys watching KZhead videos, I too thought this was pretty fun and very enjoyable to watch!!
Seeing the new PM petting Larry at the end made it all seem worth it. 😂
Your videos are my new obsession--love your professional, researched and entertaining takes on British History. You definitely remind me of how much I loved taking walking tours during my all to brief stay in London during my college years.
This is so interesting and well explained! Also I love the visuals you chose, those old illustrations are so funny. The game Aviary Attorney uses them as characters, too!
Thanks I was wondering if someone would give me a clue where they came from. French caricaturist J.J. Grandville who lived in the first half of the c.19th, if anyone else is wondering! Edit its on screen for 2 seconds at 09:30
It's only fair to describe how the King chooses the British Prime Minister using illustrations from an outspoken French republican. Grandville himself would have appreciated the irony. (Edit: spelling)
Oh, hey, important to remind everyone that the US President isn't directly elected either, if I'm not mistaken, CGP Gray has a video about it
Nobody needs to hear about the Electoral College except to know that it's stupid and needs to go away
You are correct. The "presidential election" is actually voting for "presidential electors," who actually vote for the president. Much in the same way there are edge cases as described in this video, there is the possibility for the electors of the presidential candidate's party not to to vote for their candidate (and vice versa), but these incidents of "faithless electors" are few and far between. There is growing opposition to the electoral college as many recent elections have gone to the party who lost the popular vote by considerable margins, but it would require a constitutional amendment to change the system, and so is very unlikely to come to pass.
@@bvd7517faithless electors don't seem to be a problem anymore, but the electoral college is still, just like the British electoral system (not just the bit described here), highly undemocratic
Damn, you're right. Thanks for the correction
The german Bundeskanzler is also indirectly elected - the President proposes the candidats and the MPs (Bundestagsabgeordneten) vote. Usually they are the leaders of the major partyes, but not necessarily. Fun fact: you don´t even need to be a member of the Bundestag to be proposed as candidat :D
Being from the other side of the pond, I appreciate this overview of the process. The interworkings of your government is glossed over in most US public schools, although it is covered more thoroughly than any others.
Public schools in the UK are private schools.
Its not at all explained here in ireland how anyones system works. Thank god for youtube my son has shown me lots of videos he found to educate me i had no clue. In many ways i like the american syatem but i like irelands better. We have proportional representation and equality of funding and time and even allotted lamposts equally for both sides of a referendum but somehow we still end up with quite a few twats. But we do get some interesting charecters.
I like how you HAVE to have half+1 of the seats. I find the tidbit where if you don’t you have to share intuitive.
After six months! She back
...OK yes I may have openly burst out laughing when you listed the Nolan Principles.
ReeeeEeEeEeEReErrRRrRR
Insert *laugh, wait you're serious?* meme here
It's been 7 months since your last long video! I missed this so much! I'm so happy to see this. I also love your shorts. But I like proper videos so much better. I love everything about you, honestly ❤
I too missed you 🎉 thank you for wonderful posts.
I absolutely love your videos! They're always so well thought out, easy to follow, incredibly educational and so much fun to watch 😊 keep up the fantastic work!
Hear hear
These last couple of years have shown how flimsy “conventions of etiquette” can be. Great video, cheers
These videos are great! I've been loving these videos ever since I found your youtube shorts. Honestly makes me want to learn more about British History and go on a tour of London!
I’ve only recently discovered your channel and was a little bummed that there hadn’t been any new content in a few months. Glad to see a new video - keep up such great work!
Thank you for the sharing and creating great free content that explains this process! I really enjoyed this one!
So informative and love the way it was presented!
so happy that there is another longer video on this channel, love your videos
These animations are great, loved this. Thank you! ❤
"How did you become a Prime Minister?" "It's complicated..."
Very informative, and the artwork is delightful, thank you so much!
I would love to walk around London with J. Draper & a not-too-large group, listening to her talk about the history of this & that place as we walk along. That would be lovely.
As KZhead 'recommend' me to watch this, and from the title, I can already knew that there is a significant similarities on how to become PM of UK and my country, but as I watching, I slowly 'fall in love with other videos from your KZhead Channel. 🥰
I really enjoyed this video ! Really informative, cristal clear, and i love the character design
Your videos are so wonderfully entertaining and informative! Would that all history were taught this way! You are a treasure! We need someone doing this with US history!
I just got this recommended on my home page, and I find it quite informative! Now, I know the "simple" hurdles that one would have to go through to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Thanks for the video! Also, I liked the animation a lot! The characters and the map reminded me of drawings from a 19th-century book. I'll subscribe to this channel!
you are my new teaching obsession, integrity , quality and deep research excellent
I have never been this quick to a new post of yours! This was a instant must click and listen :)
I love this video! The animations are really cool. Thank you for making it!
What a cute little frog 😂
Oh my, I love him even more. 🥳
a distinguished cute little frog
Love your videos, watched them all. Your wonderful voice and presentation need an addiction warning.
Illustrations are perfect for this talk! Thank you.
lovely visuals, and great information!
The Jeremy Corbyn reference almost got me crying. Excellent animations. Love all your content. Might book your walking tour but I have a 3 year old who may not utilise her right to remain silent 😅
Tena koe from one of his majesty's dominions. That was the best explanation I've ever seen, & I must admit to being hugely entertained by the illustrations, several of which I recognised as past PMs (the frog, the lion, the Madhatter). Loved it.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Ignace_Isidore_G%C3%A9rard_Grandville
Loved the video, particularly Larry's appearance at the end :)
I could sit and listen to you for hours... Thx for all so far.
Amazingly understated political humour in a very enjoyable and informative video. Thank you!
Very concise and clear, well done! Next up:- how to become the King?
Have the correct Accident of Birth.
For Most of us it involves killing a LOT of people...."for many lives do stand between the crown and home"
Simple: be a legitimate descendant of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and don't be a Catholic (since 2013, you can *marry* a Catholic though). Also if you're in the first six people in the line of succession, don't marry without the monarch's consent (required for those six in order to keep their place, before 2013, it was everybody in the line of succession). Note that the ban on Catholics (brought in with the 1701 Act of Settlement) doesn't bar people of any other faith, or you from marrying anyone of any other faith other than Catholicism, nor does it say you have to be a Protestant or even a member of the Church of England either (although it does say you have to "enter into communion with the Church of England" upon succeeding). Which is why you have members of several other royal families -those of Romania, Russia and Serbia/Yugoslavia, in the British line of succession that are Eastern Orthodox Christian, and are still in line. As it would be if they were Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Shintoist, or any other type of christianity-only marriage to a Catholic is banned.
@@jonathanwebster7091 thanks for the info .
Be descended from Woden, Cerdic, Alfred, the Normans, Plantagenets, Tudors, Stewarts, Hanovers, and Saxe-Coburg-Gothas.
Beautifully described, love watching these videos where I know the general gist but always learn something new
This is so educational! Thank you!
Bloody Yank here - thank you for all the London trivia as well as this overview of the government we abandoned (for our own sh!t show...)
You are charming AF. Keep 'em coming Draper.
Yay she's back to longer content! Missed these videos
Thank you so much for this amazing little video. This material should be used at schools to teach kids about politics! Brilliant!
Wow, I didn’t think this video would be this catchy to me because I know how it works. But the really small parts such as the prime minister recommending his successor to the monarch are quite fascinating.
Sometimes the PM's duties can be rather awkward. At the end of his first term in office, Winston Churchill had to decide whether he would be inducted into the Order of the Garter. He declined with the immortal phrase, "How can I possibly accept the Garter when the people have just given me the boot?!" Awarding membership in the Garter became a strictly royal preogative soon after.
@@roberthudson1959 That is quite a comedic way to refuse the Garter! Now, I know how that became a royal prerogative. Thanks for the information!
Really enjoyed watching this! One minor clarification: Most of this is not because the UK is a monarchy, but because it is a parliamentary system - as opposed to a presidential system as in the case of the US or France. In my country of residence, Austria, the only person who can appoint a chancellor and their ministers is the (directly elected) president - whose role, apart from that, is largely ceremonial. In theory, the president could task a chancellor of their choosing with forming a government and then appoint that government. However, parliament could then immediately oust said government with a vote of no-confidence and the president would have to try again. Which is why usually two or more parties that together command a majority in parliament cut a deal to form a coalition government that is then just nodded off by the president. (That being said, there were two instances in the recent past when these powers of the president became relevant in practice: In 2017, the conservatives and the extreme right formed a government, but the president vetoed two particularly far-right ministers because in his view they would have harmed the country's reputation. The other instance was in 2019 after a number of successful no-confidence votes in parliament that resulted in a political stalemate as well as the ousting of the entire government. In this case, the president appointed a group consisting mainly of civil servants as an interim government for the time until the general elections.)
I love how simple you've made it all sound
Glad you are back 😀
I found this interesting. In Canada, it’s fairly common for the party leader to not be an MP when they become party leader. Often they then make one of their MPs in a safe seat resign so they can run there and win to join the House of Commons. I don’t believe such a non-sitting leader has ever become Prime Minister, but it’s very common for opposition parties, who will recruit new leaders from other parts of public life outside the House of Commons (perhaps local politicians, business leaders, etc.) after they lose an election.
That's what the Earl of Home did in 1963, when he became Prime Minister. He renounced his peerage, became Sir Alec Douglas-Home, and stood for election to the House of Commons, while already PM.
Renouncing a peerage to run for MP is pretty hard-core! What if he lost?
Thank you for a brilliant concise and entertaining post. I noticed you didn’t mention any IQ test or even a basic arithmetic test for UK MPs or even PMs. But based on the last few years, it seems obvious that there is none.
It would be quite tricky to put a restriction on who can be PM, as the monarch (in theory) has an absolute free choice on who they appoint to the role.
@@arfived4 Hmmm…. Can we compare contemporary PMs with George III or Henry VI… or Edward VIII? Perhaps Lady Jane Grey?
@@arfived4 Sometimes I wish that were true. Here in Australia, we’ve occasionally been forced to notice that our state governors and Governor-General actually have more power than the monarch (or even the US President) because the conventions that limit a viceroy’s ability to act alone (without the Executive Council) can be (and have been) simply ignored.
These illustrations are just amazing!
I’m loving these graphics! The snooty animals are wonderful..
Oh, my. One should be really crazy about this position to go through all this "prerequisites". God bless 🇬🇧.
but how do I become a bipedal frog?
I can't describe how much I love all the animal illustrations.
That's a brilliant video! thank you so much
Speaking of Nolan principles... How did Johnson to be PM, then? 🤔
She said you have to agree with them, not follow them. 😉
@@Poliss95 makes sense 🤣
wait so as a British Columbian (Canada) I can run for the British Parliament? no wounder we kept the name!
Andrew Bonar-Law, born in New Brunswick, PM of Great Britain from 1922 to 1923. First PM to be born outside the UK.
I can’t describe how much I love this video. Brilliant.
This is exactly what needed, thank you.
India's process is pretty much the same, and I wish I had this video in school so I didn't struggle through civics classes
Still early in video. At what point does getting sent to Eton crop up?
Love love LOVE learning from these!
Brilliant summary. And I love the animation
Thanks for the guide! I'm going to try this later. Have you considered writing a wikiHow?
LOL Don't distract her from the history videos! I'd take one per day if I could.
“I run India now” “Nvm” 💀
Thank you so so much for ALL of your content!!!!
Great to see that you’re uploading again!
When you read out the Nolan principles, which is the first I've heard of them, i nearly choked on my tea. How do the tories have any mps at all under their own rules?
I like how the UK system for Prime Minister seems complicated but is really simple -- just be leader of the party with the most seats. In the US, being President seems simple, but is actually really complicated. It involves a VERY long primary season where you are kissing babies in states that you might think would be too small to matter but really have a huge impact because reasons. It ends with votes in an "electoral college" thing that was originally put in place just to keep slavery legal.
The electoral college is highly flawed. It should either be abolished or all states should adopt the district based voting system like Nebraska and Maine so it’s not a “winner takes all situation” but rather a “if you get the vote in this district, you keep it no matter who got the majority in the state”
What you said about the electoral college is patently false.
Dennis: "who are you?" Pm: "I'm your prime minister." Dennis: "well I didn't vote for you." Pm: "you don't vote for pm." Dennis: "well, how did you become Pm then?" Pm: "the party, their arms raised in shimmering support (with ahem donations), along with a select special area of Britons, signifying by divine providence that I, Rishi Sunak, was to be Pm." Dennis: listen, strange people in secret meetings distributing corporate bribes is no basis for a system of govt. Supreme executive powers derives from the mandate of the masses, not from some farcical party ceremony. You can't expect to wield supreme power just because you threw some money at party executives. If I went around saying saying I was supreme minister just because I threw money at someone, they'd put me away." Pm: "be quiet!" Dennis: "come see the violence inherent in the system! Help! Help! I'm being repressed!" Pm: "bloody peasant!" RIP Dennis
@@ggCA07. There is a movement to abolish it called the NPVIC, which seeks to pass laws that say electors should be registered for the winner of the popular vote. It kicks in when enough states have passed it to have a majority in the electoral college. The currently participating states account for 205 electoral votes, and 270 are needed to have a majority. So it may actually happen within a decade or two.
ok, but i found your channel and binged all ur videos and was so upset there wasn’t anymore to watch so im so glad ur back :)))
YES!!! I've recently discovered your content and have watched everything - I was actually going through a post-binge depression with nothing to watch. To top that off, I was a bit worried that you might have stopped long form content to focus on shorts, which would have been very sad but understandable. I'm rambling, but I just want to say your content is incredible and you should keep it up!
Wait a minute. How on earth did the Nolan Sisters get a say in how the Tories chose their leader?
The story I read is that, back in the 1770s, when the American colonies were breaking away, discontent against the government's policies grew so strong that the House of Commons passed a special resolution, appealing to King George III that they had, "No confidence" in Lord North and others in the Cabinet. The King had been highly supportive of the North Government, but grudgingly accepted their resignations. It set a precedent that has lasted ever since.
Has anyone mentioned that your videos give off the same educational vibe as PhilosophyTube, same sorta method of speaking, awareness and depth of research, i love it XD
Awesome video as always! Love the editing
Wait... The U.K. does not have a formal constitution? That's wild. If it comes up as a subject of interest for you, I'd love to know more about the history of labor, as in unions, strikes, organization etc.
Thank goodness we don't have a written constitution.
@@Poliss95 Well except you do in principle.
@@thysonsacclaim Nothing is binding. The unwritten constitution can be 'rewritten' to keep up with the times. We're not stuck in 1791 unlike a certain country I could mention.
@@Poliss95 you can say The US. It is more interesting to me as an idea, as legal and civic convention for the last 90 odd years has been founding the nation state in a constitutional document. That the UK, being The UK, site of several foundational documents of statecraft does not have one surprises me.
@@albertgreene313 The United States is a federation while the United Kingdom is a devolved government within a unitary state. Furthermore, the UK has Parliamentary Sovereignty which holds that the legislative is supreme over the executive and judicial branches. Parliament can change or repeal Acts which make up the uncodified constitution. The judicial branch does not have the power to strike down any primary legislation passed by the legislative branch. The United States, however, has Separation of Powers where the executive, legislative, and judicial branches are co-equal and the Constitution is supreme. The judicial branch has the power to strike down laws passed by the legislative branch that it rules is unconstitutional. The three separate branches alone cannot amend the U.S. Constitution. Amendments can only be made by two-thirds majority vote of both chambers of Congress plus ratification by three-fourths (38) of the state legislatures.
Step 1: Be born into wealth. Step 2: Get educated at Eton. Step 3: Do PPE at Oxbridge (preferably Oxford - 2:1 ratio). Step 4: Do something silly so that party officials have some dirt on you (e.g. something involving a pig). Step 5: Do some busy work at a job that was organised by friends of your parents. Step 6: Become an MP. Step 7: Party officials that have dirt on you will ease your passage through the ranks so that they and their backers can siphon off funds from the public purse, because they own you. Once PM you can a) crash the economy (Truss), b) sleep-walk into Brexit (Cameron), c) everything wrong (Johnson) or d) be left holding a bucket of sh!t (Sunak). With any luck, this will be the last Conservative government in UK history.
Plus the monarchy and lack of constitution is kind of a yikes. Really should get rid.
Considering they’ve been in charge for a majority of the last 300 years, I… doubt they’re going to go away before the nation itself does.
Clear and concise. Brilliant. And thank you. 😊
Great video! love your content!
The president isn’t directly elected in the US either. We have the electoral college. And while US rules are considerably less baroque, let’s face it, our systems were instituted by propertied classes to ensure that “those who own the country ought to govern it.” (John Jay, American statesman)
I’m American but from what I’ve heard the best way to win is be a Tory. People say they seem to win a lot 💁♀️
We need more of these full length videos please
Wow, really impressed with all the hard work you put into this video! You're such a wealth of knowledge. 😎
Join the WEF. Manouver your way in. The press will do the rest for you. Job done. Been that way since thatcher.
Very enjoyable and informative! I really like the animal caricatures
Thank you so much for uploading again, i’ve missed your videos i’m a 16 year old who moved from england at a young age but i still want to learn about where i’m from and you do that. just wanted to say this don’t know why.
Great vid thanks very much for making it 🙂