HORSEPOWER VS TORQUE SIMPLEST EXPLANATION
2021 ж. 22 Мау.
17 517 635 Рет қаралды
Horsepower and torque are two very important concepts for the engines of cars. In addition, horsepower and torque are constantly mixed with each other. Comparisons in the form of horsepower vs torque are also frequently made and these two concepts are tried to be explained. In this video, we tried to explain what horsepower and torque do in cars using model cars and simple animations. By watching this video, you can learn what horsepower and torque are, what are the differences between horsepower and torque, and whether horsepower or torque is more important for cars.
Horsepower is how many times the torque of the engine is applied to the wheels every second. This was the magic line that solved everything.
...or per minute...hence RPM
thats exactly how I try to explain it to people but, I've never used that line before. I will from here on out explain with that one simple line.
Exactly! Torque is how hard something is rotating, horsepower is how much work that rotational force is doing… for instance a motor making 600ftlbs/300hp vs 300ftlbs/300hp as long as both engines are producing the same power they WILL pull the same weight all be it at a different RPM.
Doesn't sound a satisfying explanation though
@@charleskibathi9881 what's not satisfying about it?
Very good, although missing the explanation of lower gearing producing lower top speed
They should've had the car with high gears rolling and started the other car with lower gears from a dig to show top speed.
I disagree - I believe the difference in Torque was well-explained. The horse-power was constant. Since torque really only plays in the slower speed discussion, it makes perfect sense. Top speed is a different discussion altogether.
They did address this with the car and truck analogy.
But increase the acceleration
@@martinsvensson6884 then why can a 400hp truck pull 40tonnes and a 400hp sport car can pull 700kg??? Because hp isn't everything as explained in the video torque and rpm is.
I think it is important to show the fact that the lower-torque car has a higher top speed than the modified, higher-torque car. The lack of this clarification at the end might make someone wonder why any car has low torque if there seems to be no downside to raising it with gears or whatnot.
Agree
So we now have transmissions with 8 or more gear ratios. Best of both worlds, with some additional power loss to friction and weight.
So would the lower torqued car eventually pass the other car if the race was longer?
@@Docfly62 Yes the video is missing a head to head race. Where the higher torqued car would take the initial lead and eventually be overcome by the lower.
@@Docfly62for sure, on a flat surface and without load.
Good explanation! It starts to make sense once you realize a gear is simply a series of levers arranged in an array around the gear's axis. Gears are "continuous levers".
Woah... That makes so much sense now. Great analogy.
Thanks old school video that explained it the same way, you know the one i'm talking about!
@@TENNSUMITSUMA I think we all know that 1936 video now thanks to the algorithm :D
@@VincentHermes 🤣
@plixplop Continuous levers is a great way to think of gears! Understanding gearing is really helpful to understanding why power is meaningful. As you can intuit, thrust at the wheel is what matters, whether we are talking about towing a heavy load or reaching a high top speed. Thrust is the torque the engine puts out times the overall gearing divided by the wheel radius. Overall gearing (both the parts fixed during design, and the parts selected during operation) is based directly on the relationship between present road speed and target engine speed. So the faster the engine can rev without lowering torque, or the more torque the engine can make without needing to turn slower to do it, the more thrust you have available at all speeds (because you have more available power). This is why knowing engine torque alone doesn't tell you anything definite about performance. Until you also know the speed the engine is turning, gearing (which dictates wheel torque) is undefined. As things begin to click, I want to caution you to trust nothing from this video regarding power. Good explanation of torque, but nothing they said about power was remotely true. 1:20 This statement is 100% false. Power is the time rate of work - put in layman terms, it is the strength of resistance times how quickly that resistance is overcome. Talking about "how many times torque is transmitted" is nonsense. 2:22 Also false. The mechanical power of the stalled car was zero. It wasn't overcoming anything mechanically. Electrically, the stalled car was consuming even more power than the moving one. The point is power was in no way similar between these two cars.
I still find the explanation for Mustang owners the simplest: _"horsepower is how fast you hit the crowd when pulling at cars and coffee, torque is how many bodies you can drag along before their weight forces your car to stop"_
2 cars that reach the 0-100 in 5 seconds do not cover the same distance in that time, the one with the most torque is the one that in that 5 seconds travels the most distance
@@riosena350 wrong
@@riosena350 Same speed * same time = same distance. And since they both hit 100 in 5 secs, their avg accelerations are same, so same avg speed.
Within an average, what is more valuable? that the peak of the action is reached at the beginning or the end, for example if you do the 0-100 in 5 seconds, and the average action is 0.56G, and this can be achieved in 2 ways that the first second the action is 1G and the rest of 0.45G, or that the first seconds are 0.45G and the last 1G, what method will allow you to travel more meters in that 0-100), a more extreme way to plan it is that the first second reaches 99KMH , and the other 4 you dedicate to adding that last KMH, the opposite would be that the first 4 seconds you only reach 1kmh and that last second you reach the remaining 99KMH, in what way would you travel more meters in that 0-100?
@@thekrakenrises9040 Power is torque X RPMs the higher the tachometer rises, the more power you have, a car with a lot of power but little torque will cost you up in the first moments, but a car with a lot of torque but little power will do very fast in the first moments but then it will you will run out of breath, in a 1/4 mile race in the first moments the car with more torque will move away even if it has the same 0-100 as the car with more power but ends up winning the car with more power for having better 100-200 , (the kinetic energy increases to the square of the speed), this is why a tesla model s performans beats a lamborginni aventador that has the same 0-100 2.7 seconds, in the first moments the tesla moves away but then the lamborginni to have better 100-200 surpasses it xD, sorry for my bad english
I find it helpful to recognize they are different units of measure. Torque is a static measurement and HP has a time component.
Well technically torque has a force component so it has a time component but relative to force then yes.
Hp is a result of torque over time
@@ouroesa no. You could apply torque to the end of time but if nothing moves there is no HP.
Torque=rotational force A force can be applied to something and no motion results. Without motion, there's no time measurement and no horsepower value.
@@ouroesa At the beginning when the cars couldn't pull the house- they were producing torque, however they did not move. The reason was horsepower. Well, not enough horsepower. So, you can either increase the hp of your motor or increase the amount of torque. You will do less work with more torque or more work with more hp. It's vastly more complicated than that, i.e.: friction, load, etc but you get the idea. You can move a mountain with a motor the size of a pencil eraser or the size of a warehouse. The only question is how fast do you need to move your mountain.
After showing the wrench demonstration I think they should compare that to riding a bicycle at high speeds since it's something you can feel and understand as you're practically the engine in a bicycle, unlike in a car. In a higher gear when you start pedalling, the wheels are applying more force but are turning slower and thus the bike is pushing harder forward, but consequently you can't pedal as fast. If a gear gives you more force, it must give you less speed and vice versa.
great example! But why in the case of this video, then the modified car took off faster? Doesn't it mean it had more speed compared to the unmodified version ?
@@avalanche9142 If the table had been longer the other car would have hit a higher max speed. It was accelerating more slowly, but assuming the limit is the electric motor speed, it had a higher potential top speed. You already know this, if you floor it in your car in first gear, it'll get to the top speed of the gear quickly. If you floor it in second it will accelerate more slowly but end up going faster.
@@aluisious Thanks a lot for the clarification!
@@avalanche9142 No, it means that it could deliver more torque to the wheels at the lower speeds because of the gear reduction (just like your motor car does). Under low friction conditions (flat surface, no house in tow), the high geared car would max out at a higher speed (run out of available excess torque with which to overcome air resistance) than the low geared car, because of the inherent maximum speed of the motor, which I've described in a post above.
I have never fully understood the difference between torque, horsepower and how gears work until i watched this. Thank you!
My third year studying mechanical engineering and this the best most concise explanation of torque I've seen.
What school are you at?
Damn man, you need to drop out and find a better school
@@spazzwazzle The school system sucks it’s out of date.
@@spazzwazzle at least where I’m at.
S P I C Y M E M E S or start paying actual attention in his classes.
It is very straightforward when using identical electric motors and the difference in torque is created in the transmission and the torque is applied constantly. It gets a lot more complex when talking about internal combustion engines. This is because torque is applied in increasing and diminishing pulses once every 2 revolutions. The torque measure is effectively a factor of the amount of explosive force created by combustion at a given speed multiplied by the mechanical advantage derived by crankshaft design which is a constant. Its main use is to indicate how easily the engine can move a static load, or typically heavy loads at low rpm, it does not tell you how much work can be done and at what rate. BHP on the other hand uses the torque figure multiplied by how many times that force is applied each second. Thus if you are interested in how fast it can make a car go for instance Car A producing 100NM of torque at 2000rpm would do the same amount of work as Car B producing 50NM at 4000rpm and in theory equally in performance. How that converts to actual performance in a car is complex as gearing and mechanical losses also come into play but the basic principle is true. The typical engine speed that produces the biggest bang is around 3000 - 4000rpm and that is the maximum torque figure, after that combustion efficiency increasingly diminishes as engine speed rises so at say 7000rpm where it is doing more work and creating higher BHP with a smaller bang and less torque. Race engines are typically capable of efficiency at higher rpm and that is their advantage in creating higher BHP and performance.
I drive many different cars before and it’s interesting to compare the two extreme ends, high torque cars with low BHP, and high BHP cars with low torque. They surely drive very differently.
The amount of torque (turning moment) for an otto cycle gas engine (conventional auto) is limited by the length of the lever arm of the crankshaft. The equivalent 'lever arm' of an electric motor is the back emf. Which allows greatest torque at low rotational speeds.
So why does a diesel engine have higher torque than a petrol engine?
@@petekay67 They have a longer stroke. Distance x Power = Force.
@@IgorArkin "wat? How come" - How come what?
It would be interesting to explore the potential for an inverse square law with this. Where the weight and density of the gears, or the length of your wrench extender you add cause the resistance to be greater than the applied torque, making it difficult to turn the wheels, or the extender breaks halfway, etc.
Would also be worth exploring the relative atmospheric air density during test conditions, more over what where the friction coefficients of the choice of materials, or does the wife clean the lav when youre at work.
Nice, but it would be nice to see a situation in which the unmodified car could out perform the modified one, as you described with the race car vs the truck on a race track.
If the track had been longer, the "car" would have overtaken because it would have a much higher top speed. The "truck" just started quicker because of the lower gear ratio.
@@seanrosedotcom Owh nice explanation, thank you very much
Great video and good explanation but I feel there is something missing here. From the video you get the expression that, with one gear setup, you get the highest torque, and the highest speed, which normally would not be the case. Power (kW) = Torque (N.m) x Speed (RPM) / 9.5488. To explain this, in a normal car you normaly start in first gear to have the maximum torque to get the car moving, but the speed is very limited. And once you are moving you switch to higher gears because you do not need the same torque, but you want higher speed. But the motor and the rest of the system is still the same
To add to your already good explanation, the difference between a heavy truck and a sports car with the same horsepower ratings is how much stress the parts can take and how they are geared. A top speed sports car is made as light as possible and the transmission is optimized for speed. Attach a large trailer to the back and you might bottom out the suspension, it will struggle to move, and you have a decent chance of breaking some part of the powertrain. A heavy truck won't keep up unloaded as it is dramatically heavier and its transmission is designed differently, but it will probably drag the sports car behind it (even if the car's brakes were locked) without difficulty and handle far heavier trailers without breaking anything.
They explained the transmission, Not the difference between torque and horsepower. 🤦🏻♂️
@@ParRagon- check the title of the video
@@anzac_biscuits4757 horsepower vs torque simplest explanation. And still they didnt really explain that, More how Cars would be able to apply That torque when gearing is changed. And which outcome low gearing vs higher gearing has at the Same amount of torque provided by the Motor.
@@ParRagon- ahh i see the confusion, i thought you ment the intention of the video was to explain gearing, my bad.
You can make a 10:1 lever and hang off of it to create 2000 ft lbs of torque, but try propelling a car with that. Horsepower is like torque per second, and if you have a shit ton of torque, but like 100 horsepower, you won’t be going very quick, but you will be able to move a heavy thing slowly.
Change the gearing
Power still the same and it's in kWh or watts, P=w*T P - power (watts) ; w - angle speed (1/sec); T - torque (Newton/meters). It means same power, but if you'll elevate torque, you'll depress speed. this cars are bad example because motor RPM has to be equal to make experiment right.
@@user-kw3dp4iw5z and all cars have gears.
@@markdaniel8740 doesn't matter. Power 🔋 coming from motor through doesn't matter how many gears. Gears change speed and torque: more torque-less speed
Yes but that’s a different discussion entirely.
Great demo; extra kudos for showing your experimental progression. Most folks wouldn't show the plowing thru the barrier and crashing, then securing/gluing the barrier, then adding rubber bands for traction. It's more entertaining when you 'show your work'.
Muito bem explicado! Obrigado pela aula! 🇧🇷
Torque = power divided by angular speed (angle of rotation per second). No matter how few HP an engine has, if it's connected to a gearbox that turns slowly enough, it can move anything. That's why you are driving up a steep hill in a low gear. The car will apply more torque to the wheels through its gearbox. That's not to be confused with the torque of the engine itself which is the torque at the crankshaft, i.e. before the gearbox.
Torque does not have a time aspect. Horsepower does. Torque is only for one rotation. Horsepower is to move weight within a certain moment of time. So no matter hoe much torque you have, it’s useless if it takes much time to rotate. There are impact hammers having higher torque than certain cars. But imagine accelerating your car with an impact drill.
@@com2ghz They're not saying torque has a time aspect. Power has the time aspect, it's work over time. So higher speed = smaller time, therefore we usually have P = W/t, or re-written P*t = W, and since speed is inversely proportional to time, so t=1/v, so if we sub it in P*(1/v) = W, or P/v = W, which what the person stated (power over velocity = work (torque)). Think that math checks out, but either way, as you said, power has the time component, not torque. So by taking power and stripping away the time component (speed) you get work or torque, which is what they did.
Gears have mass and weight too, so eventually an engine can be too weak to get a car uphill if you take it to the extreme. Gears need energy to get moving and overcome friction.
very true and that's why on a slope you have even rev more, to convert that RPM to torque
@@GlasboxEngineering That's less about RPM itself and more about the torque curve of the motor. If the engine makes a lot of torque at or just off idle (like a diesel), less or no revving is necessary. We only need to rev when the torque output at idle is very low like it is on most engines to the point where it can't move the car on an incline. Giving it fuel increases the torque output, even if you don't increase the RPM at all.
Это хорошее объяснение работы КПП но никак не объяснение лошадиных сил и крутящего момента
Да вроде все аспекты покрыты... Это ведь об одном и том же с разного ракурса
Именно
Вообще понятие "лошадиная сила" сегодня очень относительное, есть точные величины, скорость, крутящий момент, число оборотов двс и колеса, а лошаниные силы вычисляются из этих параметров
А я всë ждал, когда же обьяснят наконец где лошади!
Нихрена не понятно 🤷♂️
Horsepower is how fast you're going when you hit a wall. Torque is how far you take the wall with you
Says someone who doesn't understand kinetic energy.
That experiment with the cars and a gearset being added to one of them, really blew my mind. That example is so simple and straight to the point without any intellectually self jerking explanation. Subbed.
Очень поверхностное объяснение, которое рассказывает, как работает коробка передач, но абсолютно не раскрывает разницу между двигателем легкового автомобиля и трактора
Tractor engine is bigger, have longer piston shafts and bigger transmission parts. Therefore the torque of tractor engine would be higher even if both has the same hp
@@ayva6ovay3gmail31 sure? Longer pistons - high rpm. The weight of crankshaft in Diesel engine lidl bit too much - good torque. But all the power of diesel comes from efficiency. 35% vs 25% in petrol engines ☝🏽
Момент трактора происходит за счет массивного маховика
@@user-db8ns8kn5q Так всё таки что важнее, объём двигателя или количество лошадей? На скорость, разгон , что больше влияет, ?
@@Heckfy197 на разгон момент, но учитывать длину передач их дружбу с двигателнм и скорость переключения как правило на каждой модели двигателя пик момента происходит на определенных оборотах , а на скорость длинные передачи
"Horsepower gets you to the wall" "Torque gets you through the wall" -my step dad
Momentum is the deciding factor, not torque or horsepower.
That's wrong though, entirely
This old saying has been proven wrong
Stepdads can't be trusted... Only REAL dads... unless your real dad says that horsepowere gets you to the wall and torque gets you through it... In that case, your real dad can't be trusted either.
This explanation is even more concise than this video
Hello, I loved how you increased the coefficient of friction with a little rubber band. It would be a great demonstration to your average viewer, to demonstrate coefficient of friction. Explaining why two cars engaged in a tug of war contest can be manipulated by tires choice so that either one can win.
Hello, I compete in VEX Robotics. Adding rubber bands to wheels to increase traction is something I learned very quickly. Not always necessary for drive wheels, but very good for fly wheels.
The principle of extension of wrench arm to gear was fantastic explanation. Thank you very much
Great explanation, however the the track you used isn't long enough to fully demonstrate the differences between the 2. As other comments have said, horsepower includes the measurement of time. One of the best ways this has been described is(in the reference to drag racing) torque gets you off the line, horsepower gets you down the track. Given a longer run time for the 2 cars used this example, the higher horsepower car would reach the finish faster than the high torque car.
He said "SIMPLEST EXPLANATION" sir
horsepower is just a measurement of torque plus engine rpm. if you can produce high torque numbers at a higher rpm then the horsepower numbers will go up. the formula is, horsepower = torque x rpms divided by 5252.
Ah yes so really you could say a car with 500hp and 1000 torque would win against a same car with 500 torque and 1000hp ?? I thought HP was how fast the engine goes and torque is how that power gets put down to the ground
@@deathtoming2201 Horsepower is a marketing term and nothing else, torque is the force being applied. If we take weight out of the equation with the only variable being gear reduction it doesn't matter at what RPM the power is generated. What allows a car to accelerate is gearing a car to stay in the power band, a good example of this is a Ducati twin vs. an inline 4. On paper the inline 4's typically makes more HP but far less torque, generally speaking the sport bikes weight the same and have similar performance numbers.
@@michaelm106 yeah but I mean like Torque is obviously what puts power down from wheels to road but in a car for example the torque gets you 0-60 quick it’s the HP that lets you go the long mile as in 180mph like a car that has 600 torque and 400Hp compared to a car with with more HP same amount of torque at 600 the top speeds are always higher ?
Adding another gear is clled gear reduction which increases the torque by multiplication and slows the overall top speed due to (numerically) higher gearing...
Thanks. Clear, comprehensive and practical demonstration. Loved it!! ❣️❣️
In the last comparison, the toy car on the left having an higher applied torque than the one on the right is able to act on the ground an higher friction force, being the lever arm the same in both cars. Major traction means more acceleration and therefore more variation of momentum (speed) in the time unit!
You'd have better acceleration with the lower gear but also you reduce max speed (same to the extended lever arm).
Yea I feel like the video could've done a better job showing the detriments of the higher torque setup.
@@user-he8rl4sm3k Yes. For anyone who do not know it deeper, it may seems like the toy car with high torque had a better top speed. Wich isn't the case, this car reach a certain speed quickly, due to the high torque, but will not be able to reach a bigger speed.
It seems to be you should have included top end speed over time also.
I agree. We should have seen that the unmodified car would win a longer race due to higher top speed.
Yea
How about u do it
Top speed has nothing to do with horsepower or torque. Top speed is about gearing the longer gears you have the more top speed you get.. more HP and torque on helps you get to top speed faster.
Yes..this is just demonstration of torque... horsepower related you didn't show anything
Very nice! I think a good idea would be to show a high horsepower model car vs high torque model car, with a straight race, straight race with loads, uphill race, upihill with loads. I think this would make it really easy to understand the difference!
A 18V driver can generate up to 350nm of torque. Imagine it is made to drive a car instead of its 1L 3cyl tiny gasoline ICE that produces 150nm of torque. Use any gearing you'd like. How it performs, your guess?
@@berdmonte5370 The 18V driver rotates much slower than a car engine, so while it may have enough torque to move the car, it would only be able to move it at a very low speed. The car engine may produce 180 horsepower, but the 18V driver likely produces less than 1 horsepower. There is no substitute for power. If you want to move a lot of mass fast, you need a lot of power. There's no way around that.
@@jetengine7 tell it not to me
Amazing! Probably the best explanation of power and torque on the internet.
Actually one of the boringest videos I've ever watched... I'm a mechanic and there would be better ways to show this... plus gloves dude seriously get a life
As pointed out below, what's missing is the 2 cars on a longer track, showing the decreased top-speed the modified car now has. In my opinion, right at the end of the video. Otherwise, a perfect video. Very simplistic, but that was one of the goals here. Good going!!
I talked with my dad and watched 3 videos about this and got nothing. This video did it for me. Thank you!
If I understand this correctly torque is power and horsepower is speed
@@cillianryan1065 no. Think it about this way: Horepower: the power your engine makes. Remember, both cars had the same "engine". Both have the same amount of HP. But thanks to the additional gears he put into the car, the power from the engine (equal in both cars) could be TRANSFERED more often to the wheels per seconds. This leads to a higher rotational force (like the extension of the wrench in the beginning). Thus meaning, the car with higher torque can pull the house, climb the hill and gets off the start better, because the powers is better transmitted to the wheels. Hope that helps
horse power describing the engine and torque describing the transmission.
@@cillianryan1065 @vrayn is correct, just remember one thing. The unmodified car will have a higher top speed than the car with the gear addition.
@@billyhess5263 why
Thanks for the video explaining about Torque and Horsepower. Now I can easily understand why lorries or trucks (as it is called in the US) needs to have more gears than a car.
That's actually not why they do. It's because those engines have a very narrow rev range. 1000-2000 is their typical operating RPMs.
I'm wondering always this situation. This video explain the whole mechanic system. Thanks *The Maker* 🔧
Just happy to see something worth watching. Thought he did a good job of explaining the basics of it. Anything else would have most people lost.
Why, he?
With the information provided in this video I am expecting parts 2,3,4,5+6 to follow with actual results. Mass was applied completely wrong... Power to Weight was replaced with gear ratio!!! Torque definitions were almost none existant (Diesel engines). Rod lenth depicts combustion pressure!! (Forced induction requires Turbine Technology). The Torque is in Piston count!! (Spun Mass)
@@Gabriel_Moline Oh God, take that crap somewhere else (like back to your echo-chamber). Did you see the hair on that arm? Second question: Are the women in your family Italian?
@@randomsimpson I always find it amusing that the people who claim other people are snowflakes are the ones that are easily triggered
haha i was just thinking the same thing
Читать и смотреть то ещё удовольствие))
Insane ! I wish I had teachers having the same ability to explain
Só entendi quando o carro empurra o tubo e despenca no precipício arrastando a casa😮. Brincadeira a parte, excelente vídeo e explicação! Ganhou o like!!
Basically times load x speed a given horsepower motor can move a heavy weight slowly, or a light weight fast. The sports car motor compared to the truck could potentially move the same weight as the truck with low enough gearing. The reason they don't use the same motor between the two vehicles is the truck motor does around 2000rpm so it lasts crossing the country, driving across the country at 8000rpm won't happen for to long.
This is exactly right. HP was created to compare different engines. So 700hp is 700hp and with gearing both engines can do the same thing. Though both engines might not last as long hehe, like you said
Finally someone that points this out. As long as an engine does some power, you can adjust the gearing for getting the same torque at the wheels. What can change though, is how the power curve is delivered. Diesel engines have the benefit of being high torque at low RPMs, which does help to avoid stalling the engine when the vehicle has to move much weight
@@piereligiodisante Correct. For those who are interested, this guy does a good explanation of why diesels fundamentally produce more torque and at lower revs. kzhead.info/sun/d5qSnaWdmoaln4k/bejne.html&ab_channel=EngineeringExplained
This was a great video! So simple and informative without any BS or frills. Thank you!
> Leverage > Torque. < Leverage < Torque.
It's very simple, Torque × RPM = Horsepower
@@tserzzForce + Leverage = Torque (Not just leverage alone) A lever without force produces no Torque.
Terima kasih informasinya jelas bermanpaat dan edukatif
Fantastic video! Really helped me understand the two concepts better. As my reciprocating engine teacher said: “Horsepower is how fast you’re going when you hit the wall. Torque is how far you go through the wall.” It is worth noting that simply extending the arm does not increase torque without cost. To keep the overall work the same (because the same amount of power is input), the distance required to move the arm the same amount of degrees is greater. It is a tradeoff between arm length and distance moved (not degrees moved). Just like riding a bike; when you downshift to get more torque, you have to pedal more revolutions (greater circular distance) to travel the same amount of distance than a higher gear would need.
“Horsepower is how fast you’re going when you hit the wall. Torque is how far you go through the wall.” That is very, very wrong. And to think, that was said by your teacher! How far you go through the wall would only depend on the mass and shape of the car, not the torque generated by the engine.
@@morganmitchell4017 Right. It’s not the best illustration. I think the idea is that you assume mass and vehicle shape are standardized, and you have the engine running as you “hit the wall”. Then, torque will become more important that BHP. That’s why tractors and farm equipment have such high torque but low BHP; they need to pull very heavy loads at low speeds. Anyway, torque and horsepower are still very closely related.
@@ChuckPM12 I still think your explanation is not quite there. With the right gearing, you can get any engine to produce any torque at the wheels (where it counts for pulling a load). The reason you wouldn't put a motorcycle engine in a tractor, for example, is that it only makes decent power at very high engine speed. If you ran your tractor at 10,000 RPM all day, it wouldn't last long, and neither would your ears.
Whoa, thanks for this explanation. I never thought to look this up but it's something I've always wondered about in the back of my mind
Torque is a measure of the force going to the wheels at that exact moment in time. Horsepower is a measure of how much work is done over a period of time, like a second or a minute or an hour, day, whatever.
Yep! That's why horsepower can be converted to watts; there's about 746 watts in one horsepower. And watts can be expressed as joules (energy) divided by seconds (time), so thus a horsepower is 746 joules of energy per second. If you have a 750 watt power supply in your computer, that's just about one horsepower! More power! Arr arr arr! Joules in turn are newtons times meters - where newtons are a unit of force equal to about a quarter of a pound.
Torque gets you moving, horsepower keeps you moving.
Does that make torque the derivative of horsepower?
@@jom0bx189 Hmm not sure. If you dont have power (hp) to get things moving, torque cant exist. So yeah I guess HP comes before torque.
@@jom0bx189 not quite. The formula is power = torque*angular velocity (P=Tw) where the angular velocity is in radians per second. It’s the rate of change of energy with respect to time. I think the title of this video is misleading. It’s really comparing the trade off between torque and angular velocity.
Gracias por la explicación va directo al grano. EXCELENTE VIDEO así explicado con manzanitas (bueno con carritos) claro q entiendo!!!! Gracias :-)
Nice explanation.I've always wondered about difference between these two things. I've been driving my car for 8 years already and only now i got it. So anyway it is about a gearbox kinda way.
No loud music, no needless intros, just the facts. Love it
Aí, mais uma boa recomendação do KZhead! Boa explicação do vídeo, claro e eficiente.
O KZhead tbm me favoreceu ao recomendar está explicação. Fomos abençoados com um vídeo muito bem explicativo e informativo
Torque = Força. Cavalos = Velocidade.
Explaining how to produce and measure HP/torque is interesting; explaining how (and why) we experience HP/torque, especially the “vs” part, would be even more interesting.
Not really, you only experience power. Well actually you only experience torque, but that's because of the power. See, simple.
Being more serious, say you have an engine that produces 100 lbf-ft at 100 rpm, and 75 lbf-ft at 200 rpm. You're going 20mph, you know at 200rpm you're going to have double the gear ratio. That will effectively double your torque. So if we assume second gear is 1:1 (and 100 rpm at 20mph) and first is 2:1 (200rpm at 20mph), After the gear box you have 150lbf-ft at 200 rpm. So even tho the engine is producing less torque, you're still getting more torque to the drive tires. It's the torque of the drive tires that your feel. Horsepower takes into account gearing. So when it's "engine" torque vs hp, it's always HP. Thing is, don't just look at the peak HP. you have to look at the entire power band.
You don't "experience torque". You "experience" power. In the simple act of activating your nervous system, said "torque" is performing work... thereby, it is power.
Great video. You left out one thing. You get nothing for free. For the same power engine, increased torque, sacrifices top speed. You can think of it as the extended lever in the example. With the long lever, you have to cover a bigger distance where you apply the force to rotate the nut.
When I was a kid I used to love playing with k'nex gears and learned this concept. I had built a crane and used a wind mill powered by a fan and it was able to lift really heavy weights since I geared it right down. Did other fun stuff like that too like winch etc.
Thank you, this is the best explanation for a layman that I've seen.
I love the explanation of Torque. Thank you for that. I understand torque now. But if you had also done the same for Horsepower, that would have been a comparison. I am still unclear on the difference.
If both cars had their load removed and were on a flat surface, the unmodified one would have a higher top speed. Torque = rotational force. Extending the wrench arm gives more torque without needing more arm force. Horsepower = torque x rpm. As you imagine if you extend the wrench arm you will be able to move the bolt but you can't really make many rotations per minute, or you will get breathless and sore arms. However if you go to the gym instead you can use the basic wrench to move the bolt AND you will be able to make more rotations per minute. Horsepower is basically whether you can sustain such torque at higher RPM. It's a unit of power because it multiplies force (torque) with work (rpm = work over time).
When we want to know how a vehicle will perform (car, truck, train, boat, airplane, etc.) it really boils down to how hard the engine can push it while it's moving at some speed. The reason that knowing just the torque of an engine can't tell us this is that we we also have to know the leverage or gearing situation connecting the engine to the space it is going to move through (wheels, propellers, gearing, etc.). Knowing how fast the engine can be turning relative to how fast the vehicle is moving tells us this relationship. It tells us how much PUSH we get for some amount of torque. This is why power is such a foundational concept in understanding vehicle performance. Power is a rate of "doing hard stuff" (work). Power would not matter if the engine had a job where nothing moved, but then an engine would be a terrible choice because fixed structure can do those jobs indefinitely without using energy (no work is being done). Also as we know, IC engines can't run at zero rpm:)
i have never been able to understand so better in this video than others
thank you for simplifying the concepts! i understand there is probably a lot more to it but for a layman this was great!
This was easily one of the best explanation videos I've ever seen on this topic.
Thanks for the informative video this is one of the best I have seen.
What is missing here is the following: electric motors have (almost) constant torque, but variable power. The reason that the left car with gears accelerates faster is not only greater torque, but also greater power output of the motor due to greater RPM at the same car speed. The power rating on most electric motors is the MAXIMUM power a motor can generate (before burning out). The left car (with greater torque) will reach maximum power sooner, at lower (car) speed, then it will either stop accelerating, burn out or be electronically limited. The right car will reach max power at greater speed (if it can reach that speed at all), then stop/burn/block.
В эксперименте не объясняется связь мощности и момента двигателя. Ведь добавление шестерен - это изменение передаточного числа. А это уже трансмиссия.
Добавление шестерен это увеличение крутящего момента на ведущих колесах с одновременным уменьшением их угловой скорости. Если брать мощность на ведущих колесах N=T×₩ где Т - это крутящий момент, а ₩ - угловая скорость. При постоянной подводимой мощности можно ехать быстро, но на легке или медленно, но везя груз.
Me ha quedado claro el tema del par y torque muchas gracias.
Man that was some dramatic stuff going on. My heart is still beating fast and my nerves are worn out. Thank you for this. :)
very well explained - visual aids always helps. Thanks man.
As a visual learner this does a great job of explaining the difference.
@Strat Abuser I submit mine to be crowned as the best pfp
@Strat Abuser I whole heartedly agree
@Strat Abuser damn straight.
03:00 If friction, traction and drag isn't an issue, the high-geared car with relative higher power would takeover the low-geared and rel high torque car in a long strip. But is an experiment with fixed gear and same plataform, with combustion engine vehicles other factors would be present, but the same principle applies.
But you didn't explained HP
Great explain, Thank you so much.
This was a great video. My only critique would have been to use different colors to help the audience keep track of which car was which during the demonstrations. Thank you again for the time and effort - it really was great!
They did a fine job explaining torque, but please know that you have learned nothing remotely correct about power from this video. 1:20 This statement is false. Power is the time rate of work - put in layman terms, power is how strong resistance is TIMES how quickly it is being overcome. Talking about "how many times torque is transmitted" is nonsense. 2:22 Also false. The mechanical power of the stalled car was zero. Torque wasn't zero, but even torque at the motor wasn't the same between the two cars (because of how electric motors work).
@@drienkm why was the mechanical horsepower there zero and what do you mean by that exactly
@@xfdfff2620 The mechanical power in the stalled car was zero because power is not just force (like torque). It is force times movement against the force. No movement - no mechanical power (there was certainly electrical power though, but 100% of it was being turned to thermal power because the motor couldn't move.) Here's an example the might be clearer. There are large forces in the wood in a tree when the wind blows, but the tree needs no power to remain standing - it only needs material strength and no energy is used - no power. Likewise if you put a car in park on a hill and leave it, there is significant torque in the driveshaft, but no energy is needed to keep the car parked - no power.
@@drienkm do you think it wasnt able to put that power down, because of lack of torque in that scenario?
@@xfdfff2620 In a way, yes. The motor torque was actually higher in the stalled car than in the moving one and it was consuming more electrical power (a characterictic of electric motors), but the gearing was such that the load was still too high for the motor to turn, making it just a heater:)
Great explanation! However this video is missing a critical final demo of the unmodified car winning the race in a low load (flat) scenario.
This is great thank you! however I fail to understand why the unmodified car will be used if the modified car win in all scenarios. By reading the comments I understood in a longer distance the unmodified car will win but would be good to see it in the video.
Simple, neat and great explanation I have ever seen
Torque is how strong the engine's rotation is usually measured at a given rpm. So imagine an engine of a given weight where a tire of a given circumference is directly attached to each end of the crank shaft. If that engine makes 100 units of torque at 1 rpm and you compare it to an identical engine except it makes 100 units of torque at 1000 rpm, the 1000 rpm engine will travel farther in a minute outputting 100 units of torque than the 1 rpm engine, meaning the 1000 rpm engine has more horsepower. Horsepower is kind of like how far you can travel using a specific amount of torque which is why if an engine makes its torque higher in its revs, it makes more horsepower (more distance traveled/more revs completed in a given time).
Not really. Torque is rotation power, while hp is quantity of rotational powers per unit of time.
Horsepower can tell you how much relative (compared to other rpms) torque you can generate at the wheels after the gearbox is taken into account. Gearbox is a torque multiplier. Engine torque is only ever more relevant if there is no gearbox.
Stick to composing music. It's probably your jam anyway!
@@SlyNine Torque is what moves you. With no torque, you have no power. If you have a lot of torque, a very low amount of HP is still more than enough to get the job done. If HP is what mattered semi trucks wouldn't need engines that make 1600+ FT LBs of torque but only 300-500hp. It'd be the other way around they'd be rocking engines that made 1500+ HP and only a couple hundred FT LBs.
Torque is not a measure of power. Torque is force applied to a lever (e.g. a crankshaft...where the connecting rod attaches to the crank) at a certain distance from the center of rotation. This is why units of torque are a force and distance (so lb ft being a pound of force applied at 1 foot from the center of rotation). Power on the other hand is force times speed or torque times angular speed. Horsepower is a measure of power but with a scalar applied so torque times angular speed all divided by 5252.
No, it is not HP vs torque, just different gearing ratios. You just showed us how transmission works, but their engine is the same, with the same HP and torque.
You're right, but the video is all the way wrong. If you measure the torque at the wheels, it would be higher on the geared car.
@@dabradguy But how do you measure horsepower at the wheel, and which car has higher horsepower at the wheel?
Agreed. This video doesn't explain at all why an engine has max HP and max torque at different RPMs. Based on the video you'd assume that max torque is at max HP. Also why a truck and a sport car have very different engines, even if they can have the same max HP? It seems all depends on gear but that's not true. You can't just swap the engines and expect the same results.
@@juzoli you measure horse power the same way. Torque * Rpm. so RPM would go down. I think the horsepower stays the same, or at least pretty close.
@@TheMule71 yeah, the parasitic losses alone would make the sports engine literally useless in a big rig.
Might want to try torquing those screws holding the vice to the bench
Güzel olmuş kullandığın dişli oranlarını yazar mısın? Tork'un yükle de ilişkili biliyorum ama Optimum ve ya en ideal dişli oranlarını yazarsan sevinirim.
Now I got my concept of Torque and Power clear. Excellent stuff! I will look for from you on this subject.
An excellent easy to understand explanation. Thank you
Really good explained. Thanks a lot!
Power=Work/Time=Force*Speed So it should be quite obvious, that more power at same speed equals a higher force, thus making it possible to accelerate higher masses. At the same time it should be clear, that the speed decreases, if you want to use a higher force with the same power. To be correct one should say, power and torque are completely different things, as power describes the average amount of work over time, where as torque just describes work. There is no serious way in comparing those to without referring to their context. For example diesel engines (and quite a lot of electric motors) tend to reach high peak torque figures but they can't utilise it to reach high power outputs. This is why gas engines usually reach way higher power levels with the same amount of peak torque, as they can deliver this torque more often in the same amount of time. If you want to use the same torque at the wheel, a gas engine would reach way higher speeds, as the higher power output in this context just means, that the same wheel torque is available over a higher range of speed. An example: Take N/A gas engines and compare their power factor, meaning power/torque (kW/Nm). Usually N/A gas engines reach between 0.5 to 0.6 kW/Nm, whereas diesel engines usually only reach about 0.25 to 0.3 kW/Nm. This means, a naturlly aspirated gas engine only needs about half the engine torque of a turbo diesel engine, to reach the same amount of wheel torque, if geared accordingly. With turbo charged gas engines a power factor of 0.5 to 0.6 is also possible, but way less common. As you are able to reach the same specific engine torque (Nm/l displacement) as diesel engines, which usually is about twice as high as with naturally aspirated engines (200Nm/l instead of about 100Nm/l), you could reach the same wheel torque over the same range of speed, but with only half the torque and half the displacement. In this case a 2l charged gas engine is capable to deliver the same power output as a 4l diesel engine does, while delivering the power more linear, netting you a flatter torque curve. In reality a lot of turbocharged gas engines are tuned way more than diesel engines, so you get more of the diesel engine's specific engine torque and less of the power factor of a N/A gas engine, which is quite sad.
You did a great job with this explanation/demonstration. Thank you!!!
Ещё можно объяснить простой формулой: мощность=частота вращения *момент. То есть при одинаковой мощности может быть разным соотношение частоты вращения и момента. Чем больше момент, тем меньше скорость и наоборот. Формула взята из книги «Теория электропривода».
Я так и нифига не понял, если поставить движек от феррати на тягач, он будет быстрее ездить, или нихуя не поедет! Всегда думал, что двигатель обеспечивает мощность, а КПП обеспечивает момент.
Torque is simply a force applied in a turning motion. Horsepower is a measurement of work. My instructor in trades school explained it like this. Put a 6 foot wrench on a seized bolt, pull as hard as you can, but thr bolt doesnt turn. Did you put out torque? Yes! Loads of it, probably over 500 ft/lbs. Did you put out any horsepower? No, because the bolt did not turn. Horsepower is work, and work requires movement, either rotationally of linearly. If you look on youtube at those old steam tractors, they put out something like 110hp and 3000 ft/lbs of torque. Sounds too good to be true, until you realize they make that power and torque at about 200 rpm. If i took a 110hp honda engine and connected a gearbox to bring the speed down from 5000-6000 rpm down to 200 rpm it too would put out 3000 ft/lbs or torque.
Best explanation of this I've seen yet 👍
Torque is the literal force output at any given moment, horsepower is the rate at which it can be applied.
Rpm is the rate. Horsepower is total work being done
*Крутящий момент это "ускорение", а мощность это "скорость"!* Про крутящй момент: из двух автомобилей с одинаковыми массой и коробкой передач, со светофора быстрее стартанет тот, у которого двигло с большим крутящим моментом. Про мощность: из двух автомобилей с одинаковыми коэффициентом лобового сопротивления и коробкой передач, большей макс скорости достигнет тот у которго двигло большей мощности.
А знаешь почему так?)
@@romaskyline2729 Причина того, что у современных легковых авто с ДВС макс.крутящий момент ДВС достигается на средних оборотах двигателя, а макс.скорость авто на высоких оборотах, кроется в коробке передач. Теоретически, еще большую скорость можно развить, для данного конкретного авто, с данным ДВС, если бы у коробки передач этого авто была бы, условно, 8 (9/10/...) передача, на которой бы и происходило уравновешивание макс.кртящего момента ДВС силой лобового сопртивления авто, которая тем сильнее чем выше квадрат скорости. Но для автомобилей широкого потребления это, видимо, сильно усложняет конструкцию коробки и поэтому не встречается в "природе".
English & Português: You can learn this now, in practice. When I was a child I realized that when pushing a door there is technique. If you push closer to the hinge it's harder, if you push further away it's easier. (Dá pra aprender isso, na prática. Quando eu era criança eu percebi que há técnica até pra mexer em portas, se empurrar perto da dobradiça, é mais difícil, se empurrar longe, é mais fácil. Extra: O processo é mais rápido, mas cuidado com os dedos! É sério...
How cute💕 it is that they put rubber on tires for Friction!🥰
Finally. A simple explanation without formulas. This is how science should be explained. Thank you
with appropriate gearing, a smaller engine with less torque but same power can tow exactly the same weight as a higher torque engine. although to achieve the same work it will need higher rpm and usually will wear quicker, unless it's specifically designed to handle it, with adequate cooling, strong internal components, and well maintained (good oil and frequent changes). you can make up for torque with shorter gearing. you cannot make up for low power with torque. Now if your main goal is longevity or low maintenance, things are different.
No not really. I tried that and I blew up the Tranny and Axle for expanding and over reaching it's capacity threshold I learned the hard way lesson after doing that. That's what happened to my 1999 Nissan Skyline R34, I didn't followed the specifications of it's tranny system and instead I increased it's Torque way above the engine's limitations or threshold without replacing the specific tranny, axle and gears to handle the higher amount of torque. And I blew up the Tranny on my 2nd race and lost $15,000 in the track (FYI, I don't do street race, I only race in the track, with big cash or pink slip as a bets and payments will do just fine)
In theory at top speed yes...BUT...You would need a transmission with 50+ gears to get the 600hp/400lb-ft Race car engine to pull the same speed/load as 600hp/3000lb-ft Caterpillar truck engine does in 13-18 gears...
@@misters2837 the number of gear needed only depends on your lowest/highest gear ratio and how wide is your power band, and how much you want to optimize your mileage at stabilized speed.if your power band is not super narrow meaning not NA high revving race tuned engine, 13-18 speeds will be plenty enough. you still have the cooling issue if you use an engine at high load/low speed where it's not intended to operate but nothing a cooling upgrade couldn't fix. otherwise, power is power, it doesn't care about displacement. wheel torque can be as high as you need with correct gearing and transmission speed for the torque make no mistake, I'm not saying you should swap your truck with a Honda S2000 because in the end it all comes down to reliability which is the reason working truck diesels are overbuilt
@@geemy9675 No.
@@misters2837 that's very concincing
Very good, but what I miss is the explanation why some engine has more torque that the other one, without including a gear box. This will probably happen by the construction of the engine and all the moving components inside the engine. Also the ability of generating higher or lower rotations per minute will have an great effect to the horsepower, as power is defined as "work or energy produced / time". Also missing: To show the speed advantage of the little car with less torque. In this example the one with lower gear transmission is best in all cases, so what would be the sense of the high power version then?
Typically a longer stroke will result in a higher torque due to the pressure generated by combustion being applied to the crank rotation over a longer time period (crude explanation). Generally speaking; short stroke (often ‘over-square’) = higher rpm/horsepower whereas longer stroke = lower rpm/horsepower but higher torque output.
@@jonchilds1637 super explanation, thanks
Great video! You also should have compared the max speed of the two vehicles at the end.
The way I like to think about it: horsepower is the energy output capability of the engine. Engines with more torque are more optimized to use that energy for pulling more weight, and engines with less torque are more optimized for making the car go faster.
Like a 125cc motorbike. You can be at 10,000 rpm to tap the horsepower power band until the engine gives up before it reaches a thousand hours old.
Horsepower = Torque x RPM ÷ 5252 Comparing horsepower to torque is like comparing distance to time. Distance = Speed x Time
This needs to be pointed out. You have zero work = horse power, without torque.
Einstein and general relativity: 🤐
The 5252 constant only holds for imperial units.
People often confuse the measure of torque of the drivetrain to the ground, vs the measure of torque of the piston force acting on the crankshaft. The engine’s torque rating is best conceptualized as the engine’s ability to change its own momentum. Two engines with very different intake, exhaust and architecture can have identical HP numbers, but very different torque values. The higher TQ engine will have a greater ability to accelerate its crankshaft, so it will spin up faster and generally perform better. It’s also worth noting for those that aren’t deep into physics, that a dynamometer does not measure HP, it measures torque. When you do a Dino run, the machine is measuring torque instantaneously as the RPM increase and calculating the HP at each of those data points. HP=TQ x RPM/5252 so you’ll notice that every Dino curve ever run (in HP and Lb-ft) crosses at 5252rpm because in that formula the 5252 constant cancels with the rpm value and you get … HP = TQ (5252rpm/5252) Just a bit of physics nerd stuff to think about.
My iPad autocorrects dyno to Dino.
Master explanation, many thanks!
Your illustration is brilliant. I often criticize car websites that specify / state the horsepower output without stating the torque figures and at what speed or rpm the max torque is produced. A good example is rotary engine which produces max torque at very high rpm versus turbo diesel power plant which focus more on torque rather than horsepower. For day to day driving torque is more important. That's why one magazine (referring to a turbo diesel engine) which I read in the past stated "it has more grunt than a pig farm" basically stressing / emphasizing how much torque that engine produced.
Very nice! Maybe you can add a point about top speed and how it applies to both scenarios.
keep in mind, more torque = less speed. Awesome video btw! real life examples are better than 3D animation
The best torque demonstration ever