How an ingenious 400 year old drawing predicted the future
2023 ж. 13 Қаз.
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That design isn't just for compressors! It's an engine too! If you take a swash plate compressor, reverse the reed valves, drive it the other way using propylene glycol dinitrate, you get the motor that powers many torpedoes!
I was just thinking those pistons could either be pumps or engine cylinders.
@@peetiegonzalez1845Some people on KZhead have made engines out of old car AC compressors. They looks super cool.
But the real brilliance of the swashplate, in my opinion, is it allows variable displacement at fixed rpm.
@@joshm3484 The fact it produces a cylindrical engine is why it's used in torpedoes. It doesn't waste space inside the torpedo's very constrained hull..
Swash plates are also used in CAT oil pumps.
They make pumps that operate by a similar method, but the angle of the swash plate is variable. It lets you use a constant speed motor and get variable fluid output or constant output at variable speed. Amazing designs!
Hydrostatic hydraulic variable displacement load sensing pumps in modern excavators.
Fuel Pumps in some Diesel Aplications
IIRC in those the pistons and cylinders are part of the rotating assembly and the swashplate only tilts relative to the motor body.
Helicopter
Also check FRAMO system
Making these animations must have been so much work - just wow! Machine Thinking is one of the extremely few channels that started out with a video of outstanding quality five years ago (I still occasionally go back and watch it). Since then, the quality has only improved (Though I am hoping for some more really foundational videos, like the first few were)
Out of love, it's nothing.
These animations are usual done with programs like 3d studio max or Blender. I worked with them and in general rendering old fashioned mechanics or buildings are easy and quick because lots of these parts are repetitive. They give you good insight of the inner workings of these devices. Even the difference engine from Charles Babbage can work virtual without building it. These programs are awesome tools!
@@willemstaal5337 We had to build and render some things with blender as part of a university course. Even just constructing, adding a custom texture and rendering a simple rusty bollard with chipping paint or a wine bottle were A LOT of work (of course, with experience this becomes much faster, but still)
@@einname9986 i know its a lot of work. I used my photoshop skills to create bespoke rendering maps. In general i did not make too many tiny details because most of that detailed content will be hidden out of view while rendering (they are added to the equations, be aware) So i made repeating neatly blended stone textures with help of the offset command in photoshop and made pits and cracks in another layer. Stone can look very convincing. Especially if you set up light, fog, blur and shade properly. Repetition in materials is not a issue if you use random grain levels and material angles. Its tricky but it pays off.
@@willemstaal5337”Easy and quick” yes the basic machine is relatively simple but don’t overlook the grass, trees, water, materials and textures.
Swash plate pumps and motors have for the most part taken over hydraulics in the efficient use of power and control. I've worked on or experienced their use in such divergent applications as excavators, dozers and wheel loaders to cranes, heavy haul trucks, rock drills, compactors and more. They are used as main propulsion in torpedoes now. I had no idea that the basic design went back so far. I've heard a few time that most machine designs have been invented in the distant past, but their use is never fulfilled until materials science catches up to the demands of the applications. Thanks for the video.
Yep.. Hydrostatic drive
@@calholli And quite an old technology. I recall Case advertising their garden tractors (a.k.a. riding lawn mowers) with hydrostatic drive DECADES ago. They boasted the advantage being that they were beltless, rather than the useful detail that hydrostatic transmissions are gearless, allowing smooth transition to any desired ratio. (For those who've never used one, most riding mowers are only really usable on full power, so you depend entirely on your transmission for speed control. You generally have to just pick a gear that works well enough for the grass height you're mowing. A hydrostatic drive ill let you pick the ideal speed for your grass height.)
Babe wake up. Machine thinking just dropped a video
11:37 *"hundreds" :) I think just implementing a swash plate to change the angle of points on a spinning mechanism could have been influential in a ton of machines, but helicopter rotor swash plates come to mind. Helicopters weren't practical until the stability issues were fixed with variable pitch wings.
10:47 as a follow up you may be interested to know that the electric compressors found in nearly all home appliances responsible for moving heat use much the same mechanism. You'll need a cutting wheel to get into those, however; they're usually hermetically sealed
Normal refrigerator compressors only have one piston. Search: "inside refrigerator compressor" videos.
Happy you are back please keep uploading! I show all my friends this channel to help them better understand what I do. Also gives me a wider sense of gratitude and wonder for the world around us ❤🎉
Welcome back! I've been waiting impatiently for the next video in the series. Edit: as a former automotive repair pro for almost 20 years I instantly recognized that mechanism but was surprised when you broke out a compressor yourself. The last time I felt like a message was tailored to me so well is when my doctor described my diverticulitis as being similar to a separated tire 😜
I thought AC compressors have a nautilus-shaped cam which forces air into a spiral venturi? Or maybe that was just a crazy dream I had...
@@shrimpkinsprobably depends on the type and style of compressor, as I think I've seen the same design you're describing. I don't think it's as common as this swash plate based design.
They didn't the whole vid about compressor is taken from another chanel...for shure that guy is not knowing that whole vid is...borrowed.
Fantastic animation (and that ending 😅) and very interesting about A/C pumps - so that ingenious complexity is why they are so expensive...
I love the 3D modeling and digital rendition on these.
You are having far too much fun with Blender or it's equivalent. Thank you for the excellent history lesson, graphics and practical example. An episode on how you make your models would be interesting too. They are excellent.
Thank you! Yes, the animations are all done in Blender. I have my friend JuanG3D (at sketchfab) for a lot of help with the modeling. I mostly do the animations, environments, textures and rendering.
@@machinethinking The 3D modeling looks fine, but what makes it look amazing is the 3D rendering. And great work with the water simulation.
@@machinethinkingIt is so good to see you back again sir! I wait for your videos like the rare treasures they truly are. I’m only annoyed that the algorithm took two weeks to put it into my feed, despite having all alerts on. Google clearly doesn’t know me as well as they think they do! Thank you for your excellent work, and your unique contributions to KZhead and to collective wisdom. Your sweeping historical perspective on, and synthesis of mechanical engineering is beautiful and inspiring, and this one took the visual explanation to a new level. Watching your creative process as you take on the challenge of compressing a 3D moving set of objects down to 2D in a video (not to mention ~15 minutes of time!) and then back up to to 3D in our brains, across time and space, with historical context not just intact but underscored and highlighted, in a way that then deeply inspires your audience where the original object no longer could-wow, just wow. It is its own kind of breathtaking conceptual engineering of the most beautiful kind. Thank you so much!🙏
there was a special kind of aircraft engine that only ended up being used on blimps but Barrel Engines are one of those weird what-if technologies because they are very close to radials in size
The same engines were used in torpedoes during WW2.
@@allangibson8494They still are used in torpedoes. It's hard to beat the power to weight and size and cost ratios in the cylindrical package that doesn't waste the constrained space in a torpedo casing. You could probably beat it handily for power and weight with a turbine engine, but that would kill the torpedoes range and cost a lot more.
I was going to mention that same engine. It featured six pairs of cilinders instead of five and I believe it predates the axial pump by half a century
Radial engine? AKA dorito. (Wankel engine).
@@ryshellso526aircraft radial engines are not the same as car radials.
2 stage pump generally has smaller pistons on the hi stage. My guess is just one is just double acting to get double the displacement/cooling power from one swashplate.
This was confusing to me at first, as well, but my understanding is that in this case "high and lower pressure sides" referes to the AC system itself, not that the pump has sides which by themselves deliver differences in output. I could have explained that better!
Multi stage series water pumps have all impellers at the same size. Water is not compressible but pressure is increased at each stage.
@@davidelliott5843 But refrigerant and air are very compressible.
Thank you for continuing to make these videos. Always worth the wait.
Ramelli's notes were required reading in my mechanical engineering, but I didn't even think of it being in an A/C compressor. That"s actually pretty enlightening :) I know the common well pump is based on his rotary pump. and a steam engine piston is based on his wood & leather pump piston, an internal combustion piston also for that matter.
That design is also used in hydraulic pumps like in lawn mowers with hydrostatic drive rather than gears and to supply high pressure for all kinds of industrial machines like excavators, bull dozers, back hoes and so on. I don't know for sure but I imagine the first use of that design on an industrial level was along those lines rather than air conditioning and there might be credit given in those examples?
The International Harvester cub Cadet tractors use a variable swash plate system on the hydrostatic transmission models that they started making in the late 60s. with regular fluid and filter changes those have lasted 50+ years and still work just as good as new
For sure. That's what I assumed this was, to be honest. I' actually a bit shocked at the number of pistons in an AC compressor. I would have assumed one or two tops. kinda impressive seeing how many this had, and was why I jumped straight to hydraulic pump/hydrostatic drive.
Exactly what I was thinking 🤔
It looks to me a lot like a hydraulic piston pump, but with a couple extra steps. I had no idea that's what's inside that pump you took apart. Thanks for the info!
Pretty much what I was about to say, also AC compressors for cars are built kind of like this as well.
It's an AC compressor, the inlet and outlet fittings are standardised
@@kingcosworth2643 And hydraulic pumps and motors have the same general set of constraints on them, needing to be fairly compact for most applications. Car enthusiasts probably would recognize it from the connectors as being an AC compressor, but you probably wouldn't need to change the design much to operate as a small hydraulic pump, which most modern cars usually employ several of.
Hydrostatic transmission was my thought when I first saw this machine.
I was just yesterday lamenting the lack of recent videos, and had thought maybe you gave up. Keep it up, your stuff is so good!
I am so happy to see you post another video. The time you put into every video shows and I recommend all my friends to watch.
I was going to say: hydraulic pump. But I guess more people have a car with ac than industrial equipment. 🙂
Pressure washers sometimes use a design like this. Other pumps arrange the pistons on a crankshaft, but use the same multistage pistons. A/C compressors also utilize a very similar mechanism.
I was guessing it was a power steering pump.
What he was showing was an a/c compressor. Most p/s pumps are some type of gear pump, shorter, less complex and less expensive expensive.
Just found your channel and subscribed. I especially like the video animation with the cut aways. Makes it easier to visualize the description. Keep doing what you're doing. Thanks.
you earned my subscription with the mesta 50. keep up the stellar work my friend.
That animation model! Wow
An A/C compressor compresses a cool, low-pressure refrigerant gas in to a hot, high-pressure gas,which is pumped to the condenser to be returned to a liquid. If a liquid were to be introduced to the compressor it almost always damages the compressor. BTW love the subtle "subscribe"!
So good to see another video from you, the wait was worth it!!
Stunning graphics & explaination. So many channels exists doing similar things but you stand out.
Great video!❤ This is the first I've ever heard of Ramelli, and I will be sure to read up on him now, thanks to you and your patrons. I'll add that pressure washer pumps use this design, as well as hydraulic system pumps, which I'm sure others have noted. Thanks for video!
Check out the other videos by @machinethinking they are all incredibly informative and interesting, hence why I’m a patron. My personal favourite is describing and explaining how humans produced the first flat surfaces, as without extremely precise flat surfaces almost any (maybe all?) other high-precision manufacturing processes are impossible. His videos are quite literally an explanation and guide to how we have any of the high technology that we enjoy today, the fundamental concepts and advances that underpin our modern society. As mentioned he’s also covered Ramelli before, he seems to have been an incredible thinker and engineer.
The thumbnail made me immediately think of swash plates in a helicopter rotor system, but I’ve also seen modern pumps and reciprocating engines that use a similar mechanism.
I rarely find a channel in which I find myself watching every video. Even rarer is that I learn, not so much retain, a lot of information. A gem find.
I cannot think of which modern machine this sort of thing goes in to however, I love your videos so much and I want nothing more than for them to succeed so that I can see more of them. Genuinely, thank you so much.
I enjoyed the cringe-factor of your disassembly. Stacking every part upside-down, in relation to the previously removed part was some excellent rage-bating.
Ouch, that's some serious OCD you got there, bud! I have a bit myself so I noticed what you're talking about, but it didn't enrage me or anything. I did obsess a little bit about what exactly he was doing off-camera that was so bad, though.
@@mesasavage I didn't actually rage. I did kind of assume he wouldn't be reassembling it.
That there's a connection is very possible, but just as likely (I think) would be that this was invented multiple times, it's quite basic in its nature (though amazing they thought of it back then).
This was really cool to watch. Thanks for the effort!
Most impressive is how Ramelli put the word SUBSCRIBE on the pipe the water goes up in his water lifting pump.
I'll add another "modern" use of this to the list, check out the Sterling Crankless Diesel engine from 1933. It used 2 discs and opposing pistons.
There is a number o similar engines, most of them described on the site The Museum of RetroTechnology, section Axial Internal-Combustion Engines.
There are several applications to this design known by several names like Swashplate, slantplate, wobbleplate and more. There are several engines that have used this system, Torpedoes, vehicles have all been made with these engines that are also known as Barrel, Z Crank and Axial Engines and go back to the very early years when car engines were being made. Dyna Cam started to make one for aircraft in the 50's or 60's for helicopters and designed a 12 cylinder engine that was tested in a Piper Arrow aircraft in the 1970's. Because of the horizontal movement of the pistons there was no vibration like you would get in the standard engines most people know about. This Dyna Cam Axial Engine with 12 cylinders fit in the same space of a 6 or 8 cylinder engine and was extremely mechanically simple and easy to work on. I only wish the made one I could stuff in my 68 Camaro. This swashplate system is used on pumps and compressors of all types especially when they need to be compact like for hydraulic pumps or refrigerant compressors in cars. The Gatling Gun uses this swashplate design in order to cycle the bolts of each gun barrel in order to remove the cartridge from the link, load it into the chamber, release the firing pin to fire the cartridge and they remove the spent casing. That is still being used in the military today on every fighter aircraft. The most famous being the A-10. This is one of the major inventions that effected the world. And to give y'all some understanding of how lucky we are to live in our time you should think about this. Since the beginning of the human race, throughout all of History, in each Century there were 1 or 2 major life changing inventions during the Centuries, with a rare occurrence of 3 that effected mankind. In the 1800's there were 4. But if you were to take all of these major inventions from the beginning of mankind to 1900 and add them all up, the sum wouldn't be close to half of the inventions from 1900 to 1999 and most of them came in the second half of that Century. I worked as a Machinist and I know how a simple invention can lead to a major development of a completely new device or system. The old saying "Necessity is the Mother on Invention, the old 1973 Paul Simon song "One man's ceiling is another man's floor" in a way can explain how inventions can leapfrog to something that was never the thought of intentions of the first invention. Like this device that was made to pump water that is now used in literally thousands of items people use everyday and they never know about it. Another part of this device in the video, the Lantern Gear, that developed into a sprocket, to a sprocket or gear pulley that drives the timing of the valves and distributor in cars. Or how the abacus lead to the calculator and the Jacquard machine card lead to the modern computer. Some of you out there are old enough to remember friends in high school that went to Keypunch training and did that for a living in the 1950's to the 80's. That is what the Jacquard Card had developed into and many out there should remember getting utility bills printed on a card with rectangular holes in it. That was what was run through the computer. If you would like to see more stuff like this, I would suggest looking up 3 old TV documentary series that aired in the 70's and 80's and watch them in order. They were by James Berk an English History Professor. The first was "Connections" the second was "The Day The Universe Changed" and the third is "Connections 2". Each show was an hour long and in most, if not all, he starts out with something small and goes through the show, so that by the last 15 minutes you are asking yourself where is this all going as you think you got lost somewhere in the program. But in the last 10 or 15 minutes he puts it all together and you realize how some off the wall nothing invention grew and changed the world. That first one, Connections, changed my life and how I look at things today. It will show you just how little 99% of you are aware of how vulnerable and dependent on technology we are today and it is scary. Half or more of the worlds population would be gone within a year if any one of several vital systems were to crash even for a short span of time. If none of y'all have seen this Documentary here is a link to the first Connections. The first 20 minutes will show you how fast a small simple device can cause a cascading system crash ans should make you think when he gets to a farm and explains the choices you will have to make that none of you are prepared for if it were to come to that point. I said I was a machinist and I am, but I learned all of it in my military service. I've seen the conditions that turn people into animals just to survive another day and it may be coming to that soon with what is going in in the world today. Here is the link, enjoy and learn: kzhead.info/sun/i8mtoNCAmn9tlIk/bejne.html
I dont know how I stumbled upon your channel, but my god, do you put in effort!
My first visit here. I enjoyed this video and learned something. Thanks, great job.
Quality content! I am an archeology student who also loves history, graphic art, art history, how-tos, tech n engineering, and antique tools and machine restoration channels You've got it all
Bravo! Excellently scripted and presented and very educational! Thanks for sharing and the best of luck!
Thank you so much for your wonderful content.
Phenomenal animations! Thank you!
Ah! Joy! Machine Thinking has posted again :D Thank you MT!!!
Well, that was fun, thanks. Oh, your graphics are great!!!
Right on. Thanks for sharing.
Nice graffics. Thank for the cool info. Very interesting.
Wowzers, this video going into details actually gave me a few ideas for next few experiments with hydraulics! Thanks for the upload!
Those animations were incredible!
The moment I saw that disk sideways, moving pistons up and down, it reminded me of the air conditioning compressor in cars that I have seen many times in my Automotive Technician's college book, I never bothered to open one myself, as we don't rebuild them at the garage, time is money, we just order a new one or rebuilt one and swap them in. It's incredible how these old designs influence our daily lives, really cool video dude!!!!
Always a good day when MT drops a video
thanks for your work
Oh boy, what a treat! A new video!!! Yes!
Yes sir, you actually did earn my subscription. Your 3D rendering is 'off the chart'!
Great video; the slime at the end was a nice touch of absurdity!😂
Thank you, it's a good day when l have the joy of watching a new video of yours. Hope things in your life are going well.
Fantastic video as always!
Oh my god, a new Machine Thinking video! We've been awaiting your return
IDK what machine did this mechanism turn to today, but the animation of the model is very neat and easy to follow! 👏 Not an engineer and have just basic theoretical physics knowledge, so this is soo cool to understand! Brilliant, thank you already for the first part of the video.
I saw something like this when I took apart my car’s old a.c. compressor. Love the videos!
4:37 i instantly subscribed after is saw that you made 3d Modells if what you were Explaining its a highly professional video.
Hooray!!! New Machine Thinking video!!! You have been missed!
That is fascinating, thanks!
I took apart my Kärcher pressure washer a few months ago, must say your animation immediately made me think of it 😅
Loving the animations
The computer rendering of that video is incredible! Very nice!
Great video, I think it would be really interesting if you could recommend various books on machine topics and their technical details and creation!
Very nice graphics!! Thanks
brilliant presentation
4:30 I didn't see the letters out the corner of my eye until the last 2 or 3 so I had to rewind, thinking I was missing some important notation about Ramelli's work...... great advertising pitch, I subscribed :)
Excellent video thank you. Cool use of Blender too.
I don't have a guess for the machine but I appreciate the photo on screen when you ask us to pause the video. I use the same hard hat!
Thanks for a great video. Certain pressure washers also uses this principle. The moore pistons the smoother flow. But as always smooth comes with cost.
How I savor each new episode of Machine Thinking.
Very cool! there is a video on a '1 stroke engine', kek, and it used the same wobble plate idea but as a raised track. basically a fancy sewing machine cam.
Your animations are top notch....very nice
Yeah, beautiful animated illustrations. Thanks.
Talk about a contraption! Amazing.
Amazing this lecture sir
Lol I’ve been waiting for this channel to upload.
Great history & engineering info! :)
MT: You put a lot of work into this video...and it shows. Great
You have indeed earned my subscription. I confess that I find the shameless begging for it extremely off-putting, but those animations cannot be ignored. That was an absolutely wonderful way to convey the mechanical workings of that machine. I do have one _tiny_ criticism of the animation, not of the actual animation part of it, nor the modelling, but rather the _texturing._ Most (but oddly, not all) of the teeth of the crown gear have the wood grain running horizontally through them, in the same direction as the stress they're under. Now, I am neither a mechanical engineer or a woodworker, but it does seem to me that one would very deliberately cut those teeth in such a way that the grain was perpendicular to the direction of stress, in order to minimize the risk of a tooth snapping in half.
Wow one glance and I seen it as well! Crazy he came up with that way back then.
Man thank you so much for being well-spoken and straight to the point, I love good science videos like this and I'm very thankful that you made it good job man super interesting got my like and subscribe
Great animations!
I'm equally amaze by all the details of the environnement in the 3d modeling and the ingenious thinking in the middle ages
Really enjoy your videos, that animation was excellent also really brought it to life, i sometimes wonder what these old engineer/inventors would think of our CAD and CNC machines and how easy it is to make things i bet they would come up with some wonderful designs.
Next level graphics there !!
Hey buddy, what you working on? looking forward to the next riveting installment! (pun intended..)
I have disassembled a rotary pen type machine that used a swash plate system to drive the needle. It had a Faulhaber motor and was very well made and smoothly operating.
2 devices that come to mind immediately are the swash-plate AC compressor used in just about every motor vehicle you can think of. The second (which has probably already been mentioned, is as a variable hydraulic pump and/or motor that is used in hydrostatic transmissions and many other applications. Incidentally, the axial compressor you disassembled is essentially a 10 cylinder compressor that moves a LOT of volume of freon gas in a relatively small package. They're only a single stage compressor, but will still generate upwards of 250-275 p.s.i. on the 'high' output side,mainly because it's a closed system, and freon compresses better than air.
Fun! Just subscribed! Ty! It looks like a hydraulic pump on an turbine engine. They are used to produce three phase power APUs, ailerons, flaps, rudders, and wheels under load from the engines or for a limited time with a stand by jack when the engines quit for emergency situations.
I think the part at the top of the wate pump was very clever as it would act as a short term reservoir to smooth out the flow (if not too great) even more than the 4 cylinders.
YOU ARE BACK YESSSSS
Thanks for this video. I was immediately thinking of hydraulic piston pumps when i saw the design of that water tower. Amazing that he figured that out hundreds of years ago. I guess the only "new" part in the modern pumps is the spring loaded checkvalves.
Not just stuff like the car's AC, but you also have it in hydraulic sender pumps for things like excavators or even a ship's rudder (where the tilt-block is adjustable to reverse the hydraulic pumping driving actuators), or you find the same general configuration being driven the other way by the pistons in air powered tools.
Excellent job! Kinda reminds me of helicopter rotor controls too.
Same type of pumps are used in pressure washers, excellent video thanks.