Why the Troubles started in Northern Ireland
The complicated history of Northern Ireland is hotly contested. The bloody 30-year conflict known as the Troubles caused thousands of deaths, with deep divisions across Northern Ireland, and the situation remains highly divisive to this day. This four-part series will examine the entire history of the Troubles, from the causes of the conflict to the long and difficult peace negotiations. In this first episode, we take an in depth look at the origin of the Troubles. Though the conflict began in earnest in 1969, the divisions that caused it can be traced back centuries.
Watch the rest of our Troubles series:
Episode 1 - Origins: • Why the Troubles start...
Episode 2 - Escalation: • How the Troubles becam...
Episode 3 - Division: • Living through the Tro...
Episode 4 - Peace: • How do you end a 30-ye...
Behind the scenes of our exhibition - • Designing the Troubles...
IWM's free exhibition 'Northern Ireland: Living with the Troubles' opens at IWM North on 22 March 2024. Plan your visit: www.iwm.org.uk/events/norther...
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/my...
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This is why I will never understand those who say History is not important. We are constantly dealing with the aftermath of things that happened centuries even 1000 years ago.
Everyone who do not learn history but learn everything about celebrities is plain and simple.moron .... Everyone should know and learn history .... History and finance is most important subject for every person today ....
Absolutely, as George Santayan wrote," Those who forget history are condemned to repeat it".
@@Taffy064 see I never like that quote... Because truth be told we never solve our problems. We just fight a war and whoever survives, we say they were correct.. Well the problems that caused these wars often go unsolved and it just butterfly effects into more conflict..
Those who say history is not important are the ignorant but also, more importantly, those who have a vested interest in making sure we don't know our, or anyone else's, history. Our political class plays a big role in that.
Who says that
The struggle of Irish people against the British empire, resonated with many people of the Commonwealth far and wide My dad when we lived in Pakistan was so moved by the martyrdom of Bobby Sands, that he wrote a poem about it
That’s nice to hear brother💚
Pity could have married and had children and a lovely life instead of dying for what just wish n . Ireland could move on its like ground hog day will always be Protestants and catholic’s too many bitter people will never change 😢
Sands was just a puppet for the provo leadership...... martyrdom don't make me laugh
@@annewatson8113he gave his life for his country and to free his people of British oppression he did not die in vein,his actions have led us to the point where Republicans are now in power and it’s only a matter of time until Ireland is reunited, the Protestant community is dying off while the catholic community is thriving. Very soon the catholics will have the overwhelming majority and trigger a border poll for unification and the Protestants will not be able to stop it. The change in the north of Ireland has been incredible in just the last 20 years alone in another 20 years there will be no such thing as Northern Ireland
I would love to read that poem
"Complicated" is an understatement. Imagine living near the border with so many different factions fighting for the different causes and beliefs. Your literal neighbor could be an enemy, ally or potentially both.
Not true. Communities did not mix. You knew all of your neighbours. Towns and communities were incredibly close knit, nobody got in, nobody got out. You were either Irish, or an enemy of the Irish, it was that simple. Of course there were informers but as a whole it was pretty black and white
Border quieter than city's..
@@Irish-Gael-sg4lvaphreid faith education route from birth like a markist thought machine by time an adult and groomed in same propaganda never sharing life with fellow citizens
Sounds like the balkans.
It's not complicated at all. Britain is a shell of its former self and should give back the Irish land it stole back to Ireland.
King George V opened the first Northern Ireland parliament and gave a rather good speech encouraging the majority to treat all people of all faiths with justice and moderation. It’s a tragedy that his audience, who claimed to be loyal to him, vociferously rejected his advice.
Thank you for that info. I never knew that. As an American w/some Irish ancestry I never really understood what was happening in the 1970s & 80s or why it was so important to those who didn’t want to be governed by the UK. You seem to have a firm understanding so may I ask you: Was there a 2 class system that excluded Nationalist Catholics? What type of discrimination did they face? Was it discrimination that was established by law or was it the result of UK supporters excluding the Nationalist Catholics from good jobs & business? Last, was it so widespread that nearly everyone in both groups stuck to their own kind or did most not have strong feelings either way & have friendships with both Protestants & Catholics while radicals on the edge fought? I completely understand if you don’t have time nor energy to answer. I’m embarrassed that I know so little about it. 😀 🇺🇸 🇮🇪 🇬🇧 🍀
@@r.williamcomm7693 the documentary series on here actually fully explains and answers, most if not all of, your questions😊😊
@@r.williamcomm7693 In Northern Ireland the vote was given to ratepayers, those who owned property, rented social housing or owned businesses. This meant many had no vote and business owners often had multiple votes. It was not a democratic system where every adult had a right to vote. This also impacted Protestant working class people, of course, but due to the nature of the discrimination in other areas, it was not nearly as impactful as it was against the Catholic community, which was the intention. Catholics in Northern Ireland were then often discriminated against by the mostly Protestant capitalist class in terms of employment. This discrimination was aided by law as you often had to declare your religion on job applications. The law also had no protections to ensure this did not happen. This impacted Catholics ability to find gainful employment, buy property or gain capital to start businesses, impacting their ability to gain a vote, their democratic right. Catholics were also barred from attending state schools until a certain point, by which time most Catholic communities had their own Church maintained institutions, further separating the two communities. In many constituencies, especially in the West of the Bann (Derry, Tyrone, Fermanagh) which have always had a strong Catholic community or majority, the boundary lines were gerrymandered to further reduce the impact of the already weakened Catholic voting population. This was especially prominent in Derry City, where the city corporation was ran by a small Unionist/Protestant minority, despite being a majority Nationalist/Catholic, City. In housing, social housing or renting, Catholics often faced discrimination in gaining property to let. Councils would often refuse social housing to Catholic families who needed it or evict those already living in social housing to make way for Protestant families. This led to "Sit-ins" where civil rights activists would squat in the property of evicted Catholic families to help them keep their home. This discrimination in housing, again, led to the Catholic vote being diminished. All of this was done to silence the voice of a (sizeable) minority community in order to maintain Northern Ireland's position in the UK. "A Protestant county for Protestant people." As it was supposed to be. The Civil Rights movement began at the end of the 60s, inspired by movement in the US. It's aims were to bring an end to the discrimination people faced in the North, "One man, One Vote," was a popular slogan. The organisation leading this movement was the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) it was a cross community group of peaceful protestors and activists. This group was proscribed by the government in Stormont. This proscription allowed the RUC (police) to violently attack peaceful demonstrations with impunity. These attacks often led to riots, which continued the cycle of violence. It was this injustice against those attempting to create a more just society that lit the powderkeg, that started "The Troubles." Which is a disgustingly condescending name.
@@donalkinsella4380 There's millions of Irish over here. You end your occupation maybe we end ours. Truthfully though, I don't want them to leave; you can have the Scouse instead.
Talk is cheap and he needed soldiers to fight in WW1 for the British and the stupid Irish did. Too many of them.
I'm an Irishman. I bear no ill will towards British people, be that British soldiers (who were just trying to do their job), or Ulster Unionists and Loyalists. All I want is there to be lasting peace in Northern Ireland. Some of the best people I've ever met have been British, from both England and Northern Ireland. Not one single life should have been lost over this conflict. Live and let live.
@maeb 12: Look at the social history of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1969 and then think about, "Live and let live".
@mickeencrua ok. Is it revenge that you want ? If you had a problem with what happened in the past, do you think mistreating people today will fix it, or cause further conflict?
@@mickeencrua History is important because it allows us to look back in the past and learn from our mistakes, not to fuel hatred to inevitably make the same mistakes again.
@@mickeencrua you look at the history from 1969 and tell me to live and let live.. bombs outside McDonalds murdering women and children responsible for over 90% of innocent deaths in the province! I’ll take no lectures from you sonny.. nor will we forget.
The days of empire are long gone, Britannia doesn’t rule the waves, Westminster doesn’t rule in Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India or any African countries but it’s ok for them to govern the six counties in Ireland….
I was born in Northern Ireland in 1956. I remember my world changing in that summer of 1969.
Bet you have some mad stories my man
Did you get your first real 6 string?
@@lowerywkd1 I bet back then they were selling them at the five and dime
It wasn’t that bad according to Bryan Adams
@@lowerywkd1 you guys really turned it into a bryan adams joke
I was born in Scotland, my grandad is from Dublin gran Italian my mother is English from welsh English grandparents who all fell out over me being christened Church of Scotland Protestant. I am not religious and I have Irish relatives in Belfast also. Sectarian violence breaks my heart End the hatred!
I am Irish and I found this video even-handed and fair. A fairly robust introduction to the conflict.
Largely agree but they did ignore the setting up of the Irish Dáil in 1919 and the creation of a shadow state - and rather focused too much on the theoretical Southern Irish government. Basically not recognising the legitimacy of the pre Free State Dáil.
Agreed, it’s nice when documentaries state facts rather than try and force an agenda.
Britain and their minions are thieves of Irish lands that is why Mountbatten got his just desserts
I am British and so did I.
It doesn’t explain that there was no country called Ireland before any conquests happened. It doesn’t explain there has never been one country that has spanned the entire island unless it was under the UK.
I'm a New Zealander but my grandfather was from Kent. I'm hugely saddened by everything that the Irish have been subjected to. I absolutely *love* them.
We have never been at war with English people..just the Brutish Vampire and its occupying armies.
Most English actually sympathised with the Irish struggle at 1st but then the IRA started blowing up pubs and public UK areas (a lot of the time they laid black wreaths as a warning) but unfortunately innocents did get killed and it changed opinions
@BrianT well said mate, new Zealander in the comments has no idea about my country and what’s best for it. I always say if you want to be Irish so bad move down to Dublin or Donegal😂bet half the fellas who hate the brits probably claim UK benefits
@@BrianT-jj3ei It’s easy to get people on your side if you can provide them and their families with the means to survive. Especially if you’re blocking access to basic commodities to anyone on the opposite side.
@@jrjrjj7497 It would be in their interest. The average person living in the Borderland region of ROI (with not a single city within it) has a higher disposable income than the average disposable income of people living in NI (with two large cities inside the area). Source: CSO of Ireland and NI respectively.
It is such a pity that the Westminster government had not introduced a Good Friday type government in Northern Ireland in the early 60s.The discrimination in jobs and housing was not allowed to be mentioned in the House of Commons. Now we have equality and the peace must be preserved.
Actually, if you go back to the last British general in charge of Ireland, during the war of independence, he literally predicted that would be Civil War in one memo to Westminster. He asked them to stop referring to protestant as to loyalist as in his own words, they were loyal only to themselves, and we turn against the empire, if it’s suited them, just as they did in 1914, when they literally except the guns from the Kaiser begin in the chain of events that led to the Easter rise in the war of independence partition, and eventually the troubles.
There was an attempt in the 1970s with the Sunningdale Agreement. It was somewhat similar though they were to vague when first presenting it. Which means both sides heard what they wanted to hear, and not the compromise they would have to make. While it started out popular, unionists eventually turned against it as it gave nationalists too much in their opinion.
Wouldn’t have been considered acceptable until the late 80s, unfortunately.
Irish Republicans have created a narrative whereby a few bits of discrimination (which were absolutely wrong) is taken as fact across the board. This is an absolute myth and anyone taking a tour between majority Catholic and Protestant areas of NI would see it for themselves. And it’s not a recent thing either. My family didn’t get a silver spoon in their mouth for being Protestant. They got no more nor less than their Catholic neighbours.
The Northern Ireland Constitution Act (1973) contains about 90% of what is included in the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, 1988.
I was ignorant when I first went to NI. A typical product of our education system. I went to University afterwards and studied the Empire, with a particular emphasis on Ireland as a colony. This is a decent potted history - though in an attempt to avoid seeming biased. it skirts around important facts. Having said that, everyone in Britain should see this.
>I went to University afterwards and studied the Empire, with a particular emphasis on Ireland as a colony. If you're referring to Ireland as a colony of the British Empire, then you mustn't have studied very hard at all. The concept of the British Empire came much later and Ireland wasn't deemed a colony.
@@vurtigoneiii275 It was the kingdom of Ireland.
@@vurtigoneiii275 Ireland was the first colony and was exploited as such
@@vurtigoneiii275 If only someone had told Britain that.
@@manmaje3596 There was never such a thing as the "kingdom of Ireland", ever.
I found this channel yesterday, and I am legit more excited than i ever was at christmas as a child :D
Although it's implied, i think that it is worth highlighting how the ulster plantations involved the taking of land from the indigenous population, to be given to the planters. In effect, stripping much of the resources of this region, and political power, from the original ulster dwellers.
One of the Internees was an 80 year old man who told the arresting Officer " I am honoured that you think I'm a thorn in the side of the British establishment but I have to say I have not been active in the IRA for over 50 years!"
I am pleasantly surprised by the very even-handedness of this video. Very informative; thank you!
Because of the British. Next question.
Very Exciting to get a series of this subject!
Look up Peter Taylor Northern Ireland on KZhead he is a journalist who covered the troubles for years. He made 4 documentaries about the different events and sides. Recommended 👍
My dad was off the boat Protestant English and my mom is third generation Irish catholic American - the troubles have always broken my heart - I pray for our father to heal both peoples
My dad is a McHugh, family is in Georgia.
What an intriguing piece, and it couldn't have been released at a better time. Love the channel you guys!
Have you ever been to Cootehill, Isaac?
@@Brian-bp5pe No, I have not been fortunate enough yet to visit outside of my home country. I did happen to look into this Cootehill and the towns history and honestly it looks beautiful and rich with history that happens to share my last name. I must thank you for introducing me to it. Very cool.
@@Brian-bp5pe☘️
I found this to be very informative and helped me as an American understand this very complex issue. From comments I understand it is well balanced. Well done. We must study history to help our current world.
It's not that complex really, the British stole our land and persecuted our people, just like they did in many other parts of the world.
I took an amazing guided tour with 2 guides in this area. Both were convicted during the troubles from both communities. The walking tour was amazing with both sides explaining their ( still) very conflicting views. I recommend this experience to anyone visiting Belfast
I took the blackcab tour from a person who had lived in Ballymurphy and had been 10 when the Troubles began. It was excellent
There is a journal article on this. I read it around the time this comment was made ironically.
Thank you for this video. I learned lot from it!
As one of the British officers involved at the time said , "it was a war". Yet, the history of this recent British Civil War is not taught really at school to British students. I have met so many British ppl over the years who are just unaware of what happened in their country for 30 horrible, long years. It's not their fault of course, as the reality clashes with the narrative the UK government prefers to tell in school history classes.
It's not their Country it is Irish land which is occupied by planted invaders
I was born in the 90s and the troubles was never mentioned at school, i never remember seeing it on tv really either. My friends are the same and us now in our 30s im one of the only people out of my friends who knows about the troubles.
We are taught to be ashamed in history now due to the slave trade, ignoring that we (including the Irish) ended it. Woke historians have little appetite for discussing white Vs white wars as it contradicts their views which are built on racialism.
A 16 year old Brit here, this is spot on my only frame of reference was my mother ( born at the start of the troubles) who saw it was “just terrible” without explaining the history and a substitute teacher(Irish) who when OFF the topic to talk about the troubles as he sadly experienced some of the violence The only reason I am learning about it is due to my love of history and want to explore why events like these happen
@@AlexG-wk3nhsorry but you have to take some responsibility for that yourself, i was born at the same time and it was never off the news and bombings took place in mainland britain constantly, along with being searched along with my mums car around military areas, constant bomb scare evacuations from events as well. It wasn't hidden in any way. If Omagh just passed you by thats nobody elses fault.
Thank you for the video! Very intriguing stuff.
Very interesting, I didn't know the tensions went that far back, thankyou for such a great channel, all the best from Australia 🦘
Tensions go back before the Tudors
You couldn't go one week without hearing an Irish Republican talk about 800 years of oppression. They're still angry about stuff from history.
Better part of 1000 years
It started when the Anglo-Normans invaded Ireland in 1169
As an American with no real knowledge om this, it's pretty sad to see the level of violence and hatred that has come from this centuries long struggle.
The violence is officially over but the tribalism is still in the air over there. I went on holiday there and they took me up to these big walls like you see in Israeal/ Palestine. The walls divide different tribes. It's not uncommon for projectiles or hand thrown missiles and petrol bombs over. Some of the house backing up to these walls are cover in huge cages around their homes to use as a kind of shield. It really is insane but the people who live in these zones do not want these wall removed or there will be hell. Thankfully these encounters are not as common as they once were. The guide said it doesn't take very much for it to kick off and it's usually youths who start it.
American born in 86 here. My knowledge of the troubles pretty much involves either u2 or punk rock and that's about it. This was absolutely fascinating. Looking forward to the rest of the series.
I can't believe the news today
If U2 are you're source of knowledge on it i suggest forgetting everything, they are incredibly biased and more often than not wrong
Don’t take too much from it. It’s not totally accurate.
A very history of the centuries long conflict would be the "Lions Led by Donkeys" podcast. They did a 3 parter on the subject.
If the historians here are to be believed, nothing and no one is entirely accurate. Its too opinionated and complex. Like it or not U2 reached more people than any other source regarding the conflicts. Certainly in the US thats what most people would think of unless they are student of history.
Excellent video, well presented. Looking forward to more.
'Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it.' A very old much used quote, but thank you for this video. Looking forward to watching the rest of the series.
The British aren't taught history in their schools much beyond the medieval kings, Dunkirk and D-Day. So if you're a British person wanting to get a leg up on the sins of Britain and its empire, the British Imperial War Museum might not be the best place to start.
Irish tend to believe only their version of everything.
@@eoin79 The UK is one of the most educated countries in the world. People in the UK know more about the empire than people in third world countries with no good schools and education
@Obvious Troll as an irishman from the North with family in England I wholeheartedly disagree. In regards to Ireland, none of my family in England were taught about Ireland in any detail and what they were taught was HEAVILY biased. For example, my cousin's daughter was taught that the British army were sent into the North because of PIRA bombings. This is interesting since the PIRA weren't formed until four or so months AFTER the British army were sent in.
@@padraigpearse1551 you won't like this one bit but I genuinely don't say this to wind you up... Whereas it's fairly easy to cover a comprehensive history of Ireland from primary school through to secondary school, that's simply not possible for the UK. Whereas most nations which were once part of the British Empire can concentrate on their own bit of history, British children would need to master all of it. A quarter of the globe from the late 1500s onwards. Indian children will learn about the Doctrine of Lapse. South Africans the Jameson Raid. Australians the Eureka Rebellion. New Zealanders the Maori Wars. Irish the Easter Rising. But British children would need to cover all of it. It's just not possible.
Classic behaviour from the British, and I am British. We need to own up to the darker parts of our country's history and learn from it. Ireland is an awesome country and I wish them a bright future!
Start by jailing the British soldiers who shot unarmed civilians dead on the streets of Britain
people need to acknowledge the countless good things the UK has done too
Charles: that is very good of of you to wish that.
There has never been one country that has spanned that islands. The country of Ireland only exists because it was part of the Uk. Before that it was just war mongering tribes.
@@Anakin_Sandy_High_Ground please name three.
I have a lot of experience in this particular field, this has been an even handed reflection on what the history is within the constraints of a KZhead video. It highlights much of what is still going on to this day, but this is such a complex story, my hope is that the people of Ireland and Northern Ireland can move forward peacefully, no matter how political opinion goes for or against them
Try and imagine Germany winning #WW2 then in later years giving us back our sovereign freedom but holding on to Kent... ☘️😊
Mr Murray is a bit economical with the actual details, when it comes to his description of the UDR, "there may have been collision" the UDR was used as a training organisation, arms repository, and an intelligence source by the UDA the UFF the Red Hand Commandos. The UDR, bar the first 12 to 18 months of the regiments existsbce, had a 3% catholic participation and those 3% were regularly threatened and abused. It was a protestant / unionist force that replaced the B-Specials, to keep the Catholic and or nationalist population "in their place" The video, all in all, is a good start for people to begin to learn about the troubles, but I do feel a considerable amount of rose tinted glasses are used.
and resulted in the IRA planting bombs in mainland England including a bin in Manchester that killed a child and his dad
Good Comment. If you hated Catholics but didn't want to possibly go to Prison by joining the UVF then you joined the Loyalist UDR. It give yourself a hint of respectability. Killers with with Government issue weaponry, training and access to Brit Army intelligence files.
They also took part in the Miami Showband murders, some of them blew themselves up. They also took part in the Dublin/Monaghan bombings. Capt. Robert Nairac seems to have been complicit in both.
This attack on the UDR is as biased as it is inaccurate. Apart from the absolutely spurious linkage of it to Loyalist Paramilitaries like some systemic issue, the real reason for an extremely low Roman Catholic membership was that those brave members found themselves top of PIRA hitlists. The same reason for the RUC having low Roman Catholic membership, they became hated prime targets for Irish Republicans. Then the perversity of “they’re a sectarian force, look at the membership” started. Can’t have it both ways. The IRA caused that, they created the effect. And then their political buddies in SF cried wolf about it.
If there was so much collusion between the udr and loyalist paramilitaries then why were loyalist paramilitaries so poor at killing ira suspects? The vast majority of people killed by loyalist terrorists were catholic civilians. If loyalist paramilitaries were being fed information from security forces then why would they waste their time killing innocent people when they could have been killing the ira, who were also killing innocent people? Although undoubtedly there was collusion between both groups by some scum within the udr, the level of collusion was limited to a tiny majority, who were shunned by their colleagues within the udr.
I would have liked to have seen a bit about the reign of terror of the Black and Tans, a period in Irish history that had a profound effect on the course of the conflict.
The Black and Tans were no more terrible than the IRA of the time. However modern republican mythology demands a 'super villan'...
The IRA killed more civilians during that trouble then the black and tans. Black and tans is an excuse by Irish nationalists when they blow up 20 civilians
Actually the Black and Tans were fully supported by the RIC, virtually everyone a Catholic.
@@TheScaryTruthCatalyst did the IRA “ of the time”(1920-21) routinely harass, arrest and abuse fellow citizens? Do you hold a branch of the UK’s state apparatus to the same standards as an insurgent paramilitary ? The “Black and Tans” were a branch of the British state ( auxiliary police force) and should have been subject to standards of conduct appropriate to consensual policing as the UK government deemed the population of Ireland to be UK citizens/subjects but for some reason it was acceptable to the UK government that its police forces in one part of the UK could operate in a manner not acceptable on the “mainland “.
Like watching a Berlin wall documentary then saying you wished there'd been more about the assassination of Franz Ferdinand...
An interesting documentary. We must never forget history & we should never deny any of it, specifically the bad parts. For in remembering & acknowledging our troubled history & other troubling global history, it will hopefully remind & help us, to never repeat the same wrongs again.
One thing that has always impressed me about Irish Republicans is their unwavering solidarity with other anticolonial struggles throughout the world. They have consistently stood with the people of Palestine against Israeli colonialism and the people of South Africa against Apartheid, and some have even expressed support for my own country of Hawaiʻi in the face of foreign occupation (which is doubly impressive when you consider the very prominent use of the Union Jack on our flag). The Irish, more than any other people in Europe, are intimately familiar with the effects of colonialism as both the first and last outpost of British imperialism.
Sure, so much so that De Valera sent a note of condolence to the Nazi Germany government after the death of the moustachioed one.
My guy, the Irish literally colonised America and stole the land from the native people. Irish generals like Phil Sheridan launched scorched earth attacks on native villages.
The Irish are now considered too white and too European and therefore Ireland is being re colonised yet again
One-day Ulster will have a free society under union men and women.
You think hawaii is a country?
Seen through Union Jack tinted glasses.😂😂
Even though there was a potato blight, which caused the potato crop to fail, it is hard to call this a famine as there was still food available. However, as mentioned in the video this food was taken by Brittan for profit.
Lesser known fact: potatoes aren’t sectarian, they didn’t discriminate between Catholic and Protestant. Just one for the wee myth builders to think about.
@@blackskull842 You completely miss the significance of the Famine. The people who were enserfed to the land were the native who had been subjugated and their land enclosed and divided up for colonist landlords. The people were put in the position where they were reliant on a weak constantly failing crop on their tiny plots of land was because of British landlordism. It wasn't just some random tragedy, it devastated the native people because of the society imposed upon them not coincidentally to it.
@@hellajeff5613 Gavelkind ended the century prior. The large population led to famine. That's why Cottier classes got wiped out.
Most famines technically have enough food. I don't think that you understand the logistical limitation of the day. Food exported from the East couldn't have made it to the South West.
The Troubles started 800yrs ago. The Brits were never thought their own history with Ireland.
My dad lived in a catholic area but all his family worked in British government jobs, despite this he always told me stories about how as a child he was treated worse than dogs by the British army
Whats Irish mum called by you and whats your thoughts on shape of descendants of the old Kings of the souths foreheads, include the primary purpose used to generate the opinion on their head shape. (Its sexy here.)
super informative thanks!
Excelllent video but as an Irish person I thought I might add a few items missed out ( perhaps for length of talk) - the United Irishmens Rebellion of 1798 which was defeated by the British Authorities the leaders were either executed ( i.e. Henry Joy McCracken( or transported from Ireland. This movement consisted of Presbyterian and Roman Catholics. Their leader though was actually Anglican - Wolfe Tone a Dubliner. Their motto was to unite Protestant,Catholic and Dissenter and was largely inspired by the French Revolution I suppose and the dream of a Republic for Ireland Unfortunately around the same time the Orange Order was founded to unite all Protestants no Roman Catholics are allowed to join this organisation to the present day and their parades are every year 12th July and has always caused trouble between the communuties to this day. As regards the Civil War in 1922-23 there was a general election held in 1923 with Michael Collins leading the Pro-Treaty side and Eamon DeValera Anti-Treaty side. The Pro-Treaty side won getting elected almost 70% of TDs to the Irish parliament (Dáil) The anti-treaty side lost but nevertheless they continued to a civil war at which Michael Collins was shot dead by anti-treaty forces. 1n 1932 De Valera and his party Fianna Fail(which contained the majority of anti-treaty who now accepted the new state after an election became the new government. A smaller number of anti-treaty(Sinn Fein/ IRA) which over the years broke into smaller groups Republician and larger Provisional IRA. The Provisional IRA/Sinn Fein which was generally the one which continued the fight in N Ireland and ofcourse ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. The name 'Provisional' has been dropped for a number of years and is now just Sinn Fein which is in Stormont. Republician Sinn Fein opposed the Good Friday Agreement but its only a minor player now but ofcourse smaller splinter groups is still active to an extent. Irish history is very complex and can be difficult to understand in so many ways. Maybe this might be of some help.
This fact often gets overlooked a lot, and the the young Ireland movement which many of the leaders and followers were protestant Irish Nationalists in the mid 19thcentury.
Excellent
Thank you for the additional info - I’ll have to read up on if - blessings to you
Who fears to speak of 98.
Thank you!
Our day will come ❤ united IRELAND ❤
This is really helpful, thank you! Grew up like this but not really understanding why it was like this! Ta!
Thanks again for sharing
For a bit of detail on the conflict read David Burke's 'Kitson's Irish War'.
Very well presented, respectful to both sides, and accurate.
I look forward to part 2.
Impressively even handed effort!
Like the majority of the English, I had no understanding of the political situation in Northern Ireland, it wasn’t until a Scottish friend who was actually Protestant said before I joined in condemning the IRA I should research the political situation there. That made me aware of how extremely unfair the catholic population were treated and moderated my view. Thank you Imperial War Museum for what I am certain is an excellent and unbiased report.
terrorist supporter
Should research how life was for ppl in Republic of Ireland very coldhouse for non catholics
@@joprocter4573
You can condemn the IRA regardless. There's zero need to have some credentials as an historian before condemning a group that forced their own people into becoming human bombs ISIS-style (Patsy Gillespie, for example).
Working and lower class Protestant's were no better treated than Catholics, this misconception that it was only the Catholic community that was discriminated against was peddled by Irish republicans as an excuse for the IRA to wage war against the British.
Fun fact- for the 20 years of the Troubles the killing rate in Northern Ireland was about the same as the US murder rate for those same 20 years.
Very fun!
99.98 % accounted for by ira
@@joprocter4573 Oh dear. Do you think that bare-faced lie is going to help?
@Jo Procter This just isn't true. You can hate the IRA all you like but simply lying about these things is wrong.
@@joprocter4573 A complete lie, which is disproved by the Sutton index of deaths during the conflict.
Thanks for watching! Please remember to be polite in the comments. Any comments that we consider to be offensive or aggressive will be removed. Watch the rest of our Troubles series: Episode 2 - Escalation: kzhead.info/sun/mauoYZuLgKiDhYU/bejne.html Episode 3 - Division: kzhead.info/sun/gbKmk7anhX95aH0/bejne.html Episode 4 - Peace: kzhead.info/sun/eZmLnLuwoKSPjIU/bejne.html Behind the scenes of our exhibition - kzhead.info/sun/n5msqrqMoJ54eKc/bejne.html
I notice theres no mention of the ballymurphy masacre and bloody Sunday. I expect more from the IWM! Both of these events occured in 1971 and 72 . I'm an ex Airborne soldier Who served during this period and am wondering why lWM has omited this info😂😂❤
@Neil Mario Cullen This is only part 1 of a series. While I think they did a good job with this, I do agree that certain events were pivotal moments in the conflict. I'm.a border boy, grew up going through British checkpoints in the lates 70s, and 80s.
I'm going to be charitable and say that IWM has a really sketchy grasp of the nationalist side's complaints/issues. A less forgiving person might go so far as to use the word "strong revisionism".
@@neilthefish we arent there yet. Only 1971 right now.
I’m Ulster Irish and The only criticism of the video I have Is that Louth was always historically apart of Ulster Besides that very good video
I'm Irish Italian decent on dad's side of the family born in England my great grandparents are from co wexford on dad's side of the family and I lived and married a local lassie in Ireland I only seen the end of the troubles but I pray for all to live in peace ✌ 😊
Well, that was an excellent video, and very sobering. As a lad I grew up in the UK and could never understand why there were so many issues in Ireland[northern] I have read a lot over the years about the unrest, but it still leaves me gob smacked that people couldn't sit and work out their issues. Brilliant video, well done.
Yeah it's a shame Britain continued to destroy Irish culture and heritage. Never forget.
A little naïve, if you don't mind me saying. I feel I can say it because I too was ignorant and naïve. It comes down to power in the end...who has it, who doesn't and power is rarely given freely.
Thanks for your honest portrayal of what caused the Troubles
Same. I've always felt pretty baffled by it all, hopefully this series continues to explain why people with so much in common came to fight each other so bitterley.
The thing is, they weren't "their" issues. Or at least, not in any simple sense. The British state--our country, Andrew, yours and mine--had presided over partition itself, and then permitted gerrymandering, and housing and employment discrimination, and the damn Householder Vote: all things that would not have been tolerated in England, Scotland or Wales. Then the Army, sent by and under control of that state, failed in its stated task to the extent that unarmed protesters were shot dead in the street (I assume this is going to be covered in the next video). I don't absolve the paramilitaries on either side for their crimes and atrocities, but it was our country that allowed the situation to fester. These "issues" were ours as well.
Got to know a woman who lived on the border she was over a hundred years old when she passed, she used to smuggle jam across the border, that was her bit for Ireland she told me 😂
Love your work 👍
Walking there STILL feels so eerie..
Interesting, fair and balanced report on this complicated situation. As a Québécois having lived through our own independence movement, in the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's I'm glad we did not experience such a high level of violence. Even after the hotly contested 1995 referendum's lost by the nationalists, social climate remained quite cool.
I think all people are equals weather you’re English-Canadian or French-Canadian
This means a lot to me I am of Irish descent 👍 Family background hails from Donegal 🇮🇪
Just so so you know it’s Co Donegal with only one ‘n’.
@@murpho999 Now been 🍀Corrected
🤙🏻
So why the Brit flag then?
@@JohnKobaRuddy You're not the 1st to point that out It's there out of my personal choice, a little representation when commenting on other presentations 4 1 thing Your name had a Hammer and Sickle, are you a communist sympathiser? 😅
The border was redrawn on 3 occasions. Very good video & the IWM is a fantastic place to visit. For the record 1500 ex B Specials were automatically drafted in to the UDR.. Maybe not the wisest of policies.
Ireland did NOT "secede" from the UK. The IRA fought an active war against the British military between 1919 and 1921, to attain "independence". A very, very "English" view of a part of the United Kingdom generally of no interest to London.
And that war of independence (at least in the south) ended with the secession of Ireland from the UK with the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 🤷🏼♂️ What's wrong about that?
Not the South, the republic of Ireland, use our correct name
It’s crazy that the British talk about the troubles as if it was something that is long in the past, that they’ve moved on from and that wasn’t their fault. NI from the beginning was a British project to keep the Irish from being able to ever cause trouble from British rule. Gross.
Speaking as an Irish republican, this is a surprisingly honest and historically correct video. It can't cover every nuance in 16 minutes but I thank the IWM for posting.
Longer videos about this please.
Great video!
Been learning about the 16th and 17th century of European history recently and it just blows my mind how the religious wars of that era shaped Europe. A division across an entire continent that runs so deep that 500 years later it still flares up in armed conflict, like it did during The Troubles.
The troubles was an ethno-nationalist war, not a religious war.
And it was alll so a King could marry. It's a ridiculous religión.
@@senna1995 Many, many religious wars have lots of other components to them as well, so while the religiousness maybe wasn't the actual driver of the thing it still was one major component in making the parties in conflict to suspect and feel the other side as fundamentally "the other".
I think the conflict has more to do with ethnic and political allegiance than it does with religion.
england invaded over 1,000 years ago that is 500 years before your quoted times
What a weird situation…I couldn’t even tell you the difference between a catholic and a Protestant…as an American, it is super weird to see a wall like that splitting a neighborhood. I understand we have something like that at the southern border but this seems different…
It is weird and it doesn't make sense, seems like Brit wanted to conquer the whole world but I don't understand why 😂. If everything is made up and we're all playing pretend why go as far as to harm and rob other people instead of letting them live in peace.
Nice objective video on a touchy subject. It's really sad and telling that I even need to say this. Objective coverage of this subject is abnormal and deserves praise.
One thing that needs to be stated is that the Irish people have always had the undeniable right to freedom and to be free from the malevolent influence of the British state that has always sought to exploit Ireland and it's people for it's own ends.
I served in the British Marines during the troubles , but thankfully didnt go there , and the soldiers hated going to Nr Ireland more than anywhere else in the world.. I remember written on a wall , British Army go Home ,and a squadie adding , Wish We Could.
And that's why even after the Brexit Northern Ireland retained retained a special treatment within the EU, all for avoiding creating turmoil in this fragile peace
Very interesting. And the facts that are being presented here are followed with neither side can agree on what really happened….sounds like what is happening here in the U.S. in 2023. Looking forward to the next episodes. I enjoy your channel. Can only hope that the world can learn from this bit of history….
@Chet Calhoun: Check out the Burntollet Ambush to get a better picture of what kicked off the "Troubles".
Mostly English history was taught in Northern Ireland schools - in both Catholic & Protestant schools - post-partition. The 1960s generation were kept ignorant of their history & therefore were easily manipulated.
Even my generation of the early eighties were to my secondary school taught nothing but nazi Germany in history
Definitely a conflict that is worth studying. You can see aspects of it in the wider culture in the West, these days. Thinking about the way the parties to the conflict perceived events very differently, makes me think of how divided the US seems to be, these days.
I worked for many years with Irish people in Australia and built a great respect with them all!
Do they constantly tell you how great Ireland is?
One series I would like to see again is the BBCs Provos, it does not seem to be available anywhere now.
May God bless northern ireland and the Irish Republic with nothing but peace of prosperity for all.
When things come off the handle, it's impossible to know what to do for the best. Apart from stopping digging if you're in a hole...?
During my visit the people of Ulster were absolutely delightful. Didn't ask their religious connections !
Anyone who drinks alcohol etc is not religious though they may pose as if they are.
My family is from county Cork. It's good to learn about where my family comes from.
If this whetted your appetite, the BBC's Peter Taylor's excellent trio of documentaries, Provos, Loyalists and Brits tell the events from each perspective and are very good. I think they're on KZhead.
An interesting video and very well balanced on the whole, however I'd like to highlight the following: 0.13 - “Northern Ireland was formed in 1921 when Ireland succeed” it was formed in 1921 however as one of two home rule provinces, the Irish Free State was formed in 1922, in fairness though this is corrected later in the video. 2.13- picture of Jacobite rising in Scotland rather than Ireland 5.49- “devised by unionists so as to ensure a Protestant Majority” The government proposal for exclusion from the Home Rule Parliament in Dublin was three counties, however Unionists rejected this as too small. Unionist Leader Sir Edward Carson (who oddly is not mentioned nor is any of the anti-home rule movement which is odd as it includes organisations from which later paramilitaries would claim descent) stated six counties were his absolute minimum. 7:47 - mention of the perceived discrepancies in jobs and housing which is fair those perceptions were there, although I think some figures could have followed the account as the figures are rather mixed especially from US studies from the time. Although like the Cumber Letter what matters is that it was believed. 8.38- The Apprentice Boys parade went via Strand Road (which then had two Protestant churches on and on streets adjoining it) which goes past part of the Bogside not through it as stated. 10:03- Ian Paisley was the founder of the Free Presbyterian Church which is a separate denomination from the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, before founding the Free Presbyterian Church Ian Paisley was an Independent Baptist. The term Presbyterian used in the video is used to describe members of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland whereas members of the Free Presbyterian Church are described as Free Presbyterians. Ian Paisley was a Free Presbyterian Minister not a Presbyterian Minister as stated. I think brief mention of the 1798 Rebellion, the Act of Union or the previous IRA boarder campaigns in the 1950s might also have been useful explanation tools as to how we got to where we got to, although of course time is an issue. When it comes to testimony I'd like to see more balance in future videos as well as local members of the security forces.
And the 40 thousand protestants ethnically cleansed prior to partation... Then civil war...before a vote... Then on n on murder.. And still no matter how story told its biased in favour of the Propaghanda line
Thank you for your input. These videos always seems to go light on the Republicans side and heavy on the Unionists side. It also doesn’t speak of the Protestant/Unionists who were discriminated against and even murdered in the South. And there was also gerrymandering across the border too where there were people from Protestant/Unionist backgrounds.
@@noodlyappendage6729 Partition and the creation of NI was imposed by the British Government. Neither Protestants or Catholics supported it. There was never any democratic mandate, there was never any vote or referendum. While the South was certainly no Garden of Eden, there never was state mandated discrimination against the minority as there was against the minority in the North. There was never any state sponsored gerrymandering in the South. Nowhere in this video is one mention made of the responsibility of the Westminster parliament to ensure that the NI government operated the same as local government in other parts of the UK. The British Government has never taken the role of "honest broker" to try and bring the two communities together. The British refused to allow the UN to send peacekeeping forces. And let's be clear here - the British Army DID collude with loyalist paramilitaries in murder and bombings. And the British Government still colludes with and supports the right wing DUP/LLC since the introduction of Brexit (Theresa May paid the DUP/LLC 10 million pounds for their votes in the British parliament) despite the fact that the DUP/LLC does NOT represent any majority in NI and that the people of NI voted to remain in the EU. We don't need any more "explanations" from the British about the Troubles. Partition has been a dismal failure and we're moving on.
@@noodlyappendage6729 😆😆😆 ok mate 😆😆😆
@@noodlyappendage6729 Any evidence of this "gerrymandering across the border" I would love to hear more about it?
The reason Irish Republican forces joined The British Army in 1914 ,was because parliament had voted for Home Rule in Ireland, in 1916 after the news of the badly handled Easter uprising by the British administrator, Many Irish British war veterans switched sides, And when given leave from the front ,stayed in Ireland, The story of Emmet Dalton being a case in point
Well narrated
Not much if anything about the troubles is taught to students in the US unless you seek it out yourself. Very insightful video and overall summary of the conflict. Its clearly incredibly complex and opinionated. It os kind of mind blowing a war broke out within a 1st world nation/nations. Cant help but compare/contrast to the civil rights movements in the USA at the same time and the ongoing Vietnam war. People dying over religion, race, government etc. Humanity doesn’t seem to learn sadly
The US civil rights protests in the late 60s had a big impact on the civil rights in Northern Ireland. TV showed what was happening in the States, and certainly influenced Catholics in NI to take a similar approach. Indeed, the parallels between the Jim Crow South and Northern Ireland are very real.
So true, to get real history in the US, you must seek it out. I did because " The Plantation of Ulster" was part of my own immigrant story from Staffordshire England, to Ulster, to the pre-revolutionary American colonies in time for the Revolutionary War, to payment for service in land grants in the neutral Kentucky lands still in posession of the Shawnee to the North and Cherokee to the South. Nearly 300 years of conflict on three continents. I truly appreciate this in depth look at this part of the story.
Overall the video is decent but so many incredibly important things were left out. Events such as Burntollet Bridge where a peacefull civil rights march was met by loyalist mobs while the RUC stepped back and made no attempt to stop the attack. As well as this two massacres carried out by British troops against civilians (Ballymurphy and Bloody Sunday) were left out which is interesting. I guess we'll see if they're mentioned in upcoming videos... It should also be mentioned that rubber and plastic bullets were often found to have crosses cut into the top with a penny inserted to cause more severe damage.
i agree they left out the near genocide of civilians on the border by the i.r.a. during the early 20s and the secterian riots in belfast during the same period, they also missed out hitlers envoy to ireland to meet i.r.a. commanders during the second world war
Also would've been good to include events like the Burning of Lisburn and the Belfast Pogrom to illustrate how northern nationalists actually experienced partition.
The Civil rights movement started out with the best intentions, but it was hijacked by the far left, I know them, the Official IRA in particular, as for Ballymurphy and Bloody Sunday, the IRA were not entirely blameless, they started of the conflict and were killing British soldiers, if they had not have done that the Paras would not have been given the excuse. I remember 1970-71 as a very young lad Paras actually having relationships with local women, many married women from the same area, including relatives of some well known SF members prominent in the 80s and sisters to IRA men, A para used to get dropped off in my street to visit his girlfriend I met him a few times as I ran in and out of her house as I played with her younger brother. Republicans are not the innocent party here.
This is part 1, and it's difficult to provide an overview without getting sucked into specific incidents.
@@jimcazador6057 Later inquiries have established that the Paras were the one to shoot first on Bloody Sunday.
There was an infamous wall built across a road in Oxford in the 1950s. At one end of the street was Council housing (shock horror!). The Posho's at that end of the street, did not want their kids associating with the Plebs at the opposite end. The result was a very high brick wall. It was eventually demolished (I'm not sure when). The Irish walls divided religious communities. The Oxford wall divided the affluent from those in social housing. Protestants and Catholics, affluent and poor, newly arrived, and established communities. There has always been division in the UK and Northern Ireland and to some degree there still is. The internet is facilitating division and polarization.
My irish Catholic grandfather was a teenager who fought during the irish civil and was saved from further violence after Being imprisoned by the british By his protestant relatives in scotland. The conflict had very little to, nothing, do with religion.More about housing voting jobs.
If Irish history was taught properly in British schools I think most British would be a lot less ignorant of why there was so much coflict between Britain and Ireland.
Well the thing is... Irish history was never taught in British schools or any mention of the British empire. I as a thai immirant and now a British citizen, I been through the whole British school system and Ireland was never mention. We just know that something happen that cause ireland to be split into the north and to the south. All we learnt was slavery was bad and its mainly america. Britain do play a minor role in transporting them, but its really an American history.. of course the world war 1-2 history. A lot of Irish still resent the british, but the british pretty much already move on from this to be fair. No mention of English people hating the Scott's or the Irish. They just know that one lives up north and the other lives just across the sea. That's pretty much it really. I mean if you were to explain to the average british guy, they would have no clue what had gone on during the Irish potato famine and that its their british ancestors fault that cause ireland to starve, wouldn't even have a clue.
I'm english and ive not only learned it but lived through it in the 1970s I watched a bus blow up at 6 years old in an area of london where plenty of our neighbours were irish and also our friends, when people learn that any trouble was not started by ordinary people who have no say in these matters, it is political and the north did have a referendum to leave Britain they chose to stay, only the north had the vote British or irish had no say. Sensible people on both sides know it's not the ordinary people's fault.
I'm British and embarrassed about how our government, monarchy and army behave on other people's land. America and ourselves try to rule with power and fear and are as much of a terrorist nation as we claim others to be. We should give back all the foreign lands we still control. Fully agree with the Republicans.
I’m what they call an Ultser Scott, my ancestors came to the US from Northern Ireland in 1720 after living there for around 80 years.
An Ulster Scot, not an Ultser Scott 😢
I'd just like to add the British Prime Minister, Jim Callaghan, was requested to send help by Gerry Fitt. Jim Callaghan is reported to have said something like, " I can send them over... but when will we get them back?"
I am an Irishman and as far as I can see it is the people in the North of Ireland are divided .No other Irish City has to have a high dividing fence between two housing estates If England took down their tent and went home totally and financially it would help a lot because then we Irish could sort out our own problems like we did in 1922.
It really needs emphasised, the IRA had 0 support before the massacres on civilians by the British army like bloody Sunday and Ballymurphy. NI was a sectarian cesspit against Irish nationalists, the civil rights marches beaten down, torture and internment, locked up without trial, make no mistake, violence was brought to nationalists before the IRA support swelled. Unionists and the state are completely at fault for the ignition of the troubles. I will also say there were no good guys when the troubles kicked off, every side did deplorable things
It really was one of those morally grey conflicts. You could sympathize with either side but also be against either side
0 support? Don't make me laugh. Why have members if you have no support? And how come they didn't end up in jail? The RA has always had support.
You are conveniently missing the ethnic cleansing war of the IRA's Border Campaign. Murdering Protestant farmers, then coming back to murder the son, so that the land had to be given up. They later used that same land for smuggling and terror operations. Catholics were an oppressive minority, attempting to force the majority out of their own country. Rioting, violence, marches, all attempts to destabalize the country. All those events you mentioned were orchestrated by an ethno fascist terror group...the IRA. Of course, Unionists had a deep mistrust of nationalists.
@@JohnKobaRuddy how did they not end up in jail
The civil rights campaign, just like communism, started out with the right idea. It was however hijacked by republicanism and became a front for the ira. This is fact. This is in all northern Irish gcse history books.
A very interesting video.
The issue gets more complicated as time goes on rather than less. The more protestant/loyalist generations that are born in Ulster county further moves the North away from the South. I understand totally that there are lots of people in the North who wants to remain a part of the UK because it's engrained into their culture and at this point, their blood, but I for one cannot for the life of my understand any nation that would WANT to be a part of the Kingdom. The politics, culture, and economy of the South seems so much stronger and more welcoming in every sense that the UK.
No. It’s rather simple, Ireland is currently occupied by a foreign nation… it shouldn’t be & it’s morally wrong. There’s no if buts or maybe for colonialist empathising scum
Good video.i have noticed alot of English people never get thought history in school. I knew a English person that never knew about the Irish famine.
Its intentional, just like schools trying to scrub history of race riots in the US. Believing issues will go away if you don’t talk about it or teach it. Its manipulative
Our history curriculum starts 2,000 years ago and ends with WW2/partition generally. Yours seemingly is more of a "diplomatic relations with Britain" class. Not sure I'm in favour of changing ours to yours!
@@jrton1366 it's your history mate. At least be honest about the British Empire. Example Oliver Cromwell in UK is a known as honourable statesman. But in Ireland he is the devil responsible for killing 41% of the Irish population.
@@jrton1366 No, the curriculum starts in prehistory and goes as far as Brexit.
@J Rton no its called learning about Irish history which unfortunately has had the pleasure of numerous catastrophes and 1M+ dead in the last 200 years due to British government policies. So infact if you just learned the truth about British history instead of the whitewashed version that's fed to you then you wouldn't be so ignorant to Irish history.
"The voices you hear will emphasise that there is no single story everyone involved can agree on". Nevertheless, the IWM, who were not involved, seem quite clear which side was at fault.
Ireland is the first English colony, with England deciding to colonize Ireland in order compensate for the loss of revenue England sustained with the loss of all their possessions in France, following the Hundred Years War. The first truly concerted efforts made by the English to subjugate Ireland began under Elizabeth I’s reign. Many attempts where made at establishing colonies or “plantations” in Ireland at the expense of the native Gaels, but with little success. Only in Ulster was the most successful plantation established, by the Presbyterian Scots, transforming the social, political and economic landscape of Ireland and laying the groundwork for the events in you see in this video.
Centuries of tension. Well, that's one way of putting it.
Mm please remember that originally Carson and Craig ("Ulster" this and "Ulster" that) were offered all 9 Cos of that ancient Irish province. But that then would have meant 52/48 split just in favour of unionism (too close to call). So they abandoned the 3 (just as much in Ulster as the other 6): Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal which remained in the then Saorstat Eireann/Irish Free State. But even with just the 6 Cos in NI (and now 66/34 split, a clear 2 to 1 majority) they still blatently discriminated in jobs and housing, plus blatent local govt gerrymandering. Look up (all local NI laws) Special Powers Act (included flogging and internment without trial), Promissory Oaths Act (everyone had to take an Oath Of Allegiance for any job incl even being a local roadsweeper), Flags and Emblems Act (Irish Tricolour effecively banned) etc. And meanwhile the UK Govt ignored all of this as the sovereign power, until the "faeces hit the propellor" in the late 1960s. The then NICRA ("one man one vote") peacefully just wanted internal reform, instead, they got RUC baton charges etc. The rest is history.
Excellent cogent summation. Well done .