The History of Rome: Every Year
Learn the illustrious history of the Eternal City, from its mythical beginnings to its metropolitan present.
00:00 Intro
00:04 Rome, Roman Kingdom
00:34 Rome, Roman Republic
02:44 Rome, Roman Empire
04:23 Rome, Western Roman Empire
04:41 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
04:45 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
04:55 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
05:47 Rome, Papal States
07:17 Rome, Commune of Rome
07:29 Rome, Papal States
10:07 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
10:38 Rome, Italian Republic
11:29 Credits
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I never actually realized that it was literally not until the beginning of of WWII that Rome again finally reached the population it held during the Pax Romana nearly 2000 years earlier
Yeah, but in the in the modern/pre-modern era it's probable that another Italian city like Milan reached the 1 million mark sooner than Rome.
@@adamconner9302 Oh sorry to bother you then. I thought it was just a space for discussion.
@@xenotypos you said "Yeah, but" , "but" is adversative. It's like you are trying to confutate his message.
@@xenotypos Just for future reference the term "yeah, and" would probably go over better in forming a space of discussion. No-fault to you, just the English language and its wording rules
@@xenotypos As Lorem_64 said, "and" would have been a better choice of word than "but". No real fault on your part.
Rome went from having a million inhabitants to thirty thousand when the empire fell, it must have been a place full of abandoned buildings and in ruins for many centuries.
It did. If you ever played Assassins Creed Brotherhood, you can see that most of the "modern" housings are located at/around the Campo Marzio and the Vatican areas, almost everywhere else was either Roman ruins or empty spaces.
Must have been fun as a kid playing around in the abandoned city. lol
@@WhatAboutThemApples If you consider possibly getting mugged in a shady part of town fun.
The ruins had used like quarries for other cities, immagine how much relevant historical buildings are lost
You can read a short book called “De reditu suo” (The return) by Rutilius Namatianus, an aristocrat who migrated from Gallia to Rome between the 4th and 5th century and became its governor in 412, but then in 415 had to go on a journey all the way to Provence. He had to travel by boat along the coast since the streets had been destroyed by the barbarians, and along this journey he describes melancholically the sight of the ruins of Rome with a nostalgic outlook on the past golden age.
Wait a minute. Are you trying to tell me that Rome wasn't built in a day?
No
In one night actually
Roma non uno die aedificata est
Rome ripublic, italy
Olso in panap
So satisfying to see Rome reach above 1M again.
credit goes to national..., oh i wasn't trying to say the man name, Musso... smt...
@@eechanel6616 nooo
Now 2 million
@@Armine1825 Your point?
@@jonathanbeatrice8317 exemple Paris = Paris The agglomération of paris= Paris+Créteil Levallois Kremlin bicetre
it's actually really sad seeing that 1.2 million number turned down into barely the tens of thousands during the dark and middle ages and it wasn't until the renaissance era that rome started actually recovering, good work getting those sources
It wasn't until like WW2 era that Rome recover its population
@@NovajaPravda fully recovered, i said "started to *actually* recover" because it was on a downward trend for that entire time
It took Rome 1766 years to recover population past 1 million, and 1965 years to surpass its previous record, but not without expanding its territory immensely. Imagine this: Your parents might have known someone, who in their school years read in a book that Rome's population still hasn't recovered since Julius Cesar.
@@deldrinov yeah... even more sad considering the fact that the technology italy had then is far superior and almost godlike to what the romans had and even could've considered, but the unfortunate truth is actually managing the city is a bureaucratic nightmare due to all the infrastructural shortcomings of the papacy, consistently paving down old roads, destroying old building and constantly building more and more churches instead of actually building living space for actual people, moving around important monuments and ignoring currently functioning facilities instead of updating them with current technology... to this day i still hear people over there using old ass lead pipes from the roman era that was *never updated* for water supply So much for the popes being the "head of god" when they can't even do something good for "god's children", their own patreons and followers! They left the city and countryside desolate untill people started comming back in the 1600-1700's
I always wondered what it would look like to travel to the center of Rome in the early Middle Ages. I imagine it like walking through ancient ruins, overgrown by wine or olive trees, for about a day before reaching actual populated areas.
Where is rome? In our hearts
The Roman Empire may have died, but it will always live on in our hearts.
@@nightfall_9411 You twats act as if the Roman society is a benevolent peaceful Chad of a people by saying that your should also say the British empire is within your hearts
@@inigobantok1579 the British Empire is also in our hearts
Forever
@@inigobantok1579 I think you don't know what a joke is.
That population of 19,000 living in the Rome of the Middle Ages must have been like living in a dystopian landscape with the wreckage of the Roman Empire all around them. But it’s probably the only reason why we can still see the buildings of Ancient Rome more or less intact because there was no one around to tear them down and build something new on the site.
there were actually many adventurers in rome who mined the ruins of ancient roman buildings and sold valuable material from them. like the colloseum etc
@CipiRipi00 It's my understanding that anything still left untouched was plundered by Renaissance popes to build their magnificent villas.
@@Unbrutal_Rawr Popes, magnates, nobles...
Same happened to Constantinople after is was sacked by the crusaders.
@@Unbrutal_Rawr yes, popes themselves and only... your understaning is amazing, ... or amusing
It's crazy how it took over 1,900 years for Rome's population to reach 1,000,000 again, only to then take a couple decades for it to reach 2,000,000. Zipf's law in action right there.
The large get larger quicker. It is a fact in economics but also in many other fields such as population statistics.
@@anoon- Not at all. It is down to technological advancements and industry which had allowed human population to explode in 20'th century. This was happening all across developed world.
What if a Time-traveler Industrialized the Akkadian Empire
@@REgamesplayer Well, those technological advancements were possible due to the increased industrialisation and economic development of the 20th Century, you're both right.
@@christiandauz3742 aaaaaaAAAAAAAAH-KADians long ago, conquered Sumer took control, Sargon led his armies, in their chariots they rolled, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, near the Persian gulf is where the f-OUND, ancient ruins under g-ROUND, Archaeologists did lots of excavation down by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, Both the EUUphrates river and the Tigris River used to fl-OOD, bringing lots of fertile m-UD but the problem was that water washed away their crops, Dams and levies made it stop, when it was dry they would irrigate, fighting over water led to war between the city-states, CUEEniform is ancient writing, that tells us Sumer's city states were always fighting, They were the first civilization in mesopotamia, Then came the Akkadians who started empire mania, Akkadians long a-GO, conquered Sumer took control, Sargon led his armies, in their chariots they rolled, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, near the Persian gulf is where the f-OUND, ancient ruins under g-ROUND, Archaeologists did lots of excavation down, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, King sargon got real old, told his sons to take the throne, but the huge Akkaddian empire would fall out of their control, Then came Hammurabi, who would take full command, Hammurabi was the king of the Babylonians, Man . . . Babylonia, was the la-aa-nd, where they told ya, you obey Hammurabi's code, praise Hammurabi's code, Break Hammurabi's code and you'll be saying "Oh no!" Akkadians long a-GO, conquered Sumer took control, Sargon led his armies, in their chariots they rolled, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, near the Persian gulf is where the f-OUND, ancient ruins under g-ROUND, Archaeologists did lots of excavation down, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, Babylonians built r-OADs, trading grain for g-OLD, They kept themselves united under Hammurabi's c-ODE, Hammurabi's CODE, Hammurabi's CODE, Hammurabi's CODE, Hammurabi's CODE, Which was a bunch of laws, they believed it had no flaws, They obeyed it just because, they thought Hammurabi was chosen by the gods, WHOA, chosen by the gods, WHOA, aaaaaaAAAAAAAAH-KADians long ago, conquered Sumer took control, Sargon led his armies, in their chariots they rolled, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, near the Persian gulf is where the f-OUND, ancient ruins under g-ROUND, Archaeologists did lots of excavation down by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, by the EUUphrates river, EUUU, mesoaaaaaaAAAAAAAAH-TAMIA
I love how Vatican City is chilling in there like sup
up where? i don't see it.
@@drswag0076 10:24 next to green area
Vatican City 😒🤢
What are the 3 replies above?
i hate vatican
It’s crazy how Rome today is so much larger than anything it’s original founders ever could have dreamed (the city, not the empire, obviously).
Most of the city of Rome is empty space. The actual Rome is very sad compared to it's former glory.
@@Bohh574 empty surly no, is busy as fuck, so much that cars use sidewalk to arrive in time at work
@@jacopofolin6400 in the centre but not in periferia (come cazzo si dice periferia in inglese?). Comunque la cosa è che il comune di Roma e soprattutto la città metropolitana di Roma inglobano una grande quantità di spazi verdi e campagna poi ovviamente le zone affollate sono molte e trafficate ma c'è anche spazio vuoto a gonfiare i confini della città
@@Bohh574 suburbs.
@@Bohh574 AHAHAHAHAHA la parte più bella è un italiano che parla inglese per poi provare a spiegare i termini italiani
To think that the 'Eternal City' fell so low that it was barely larger than a rural village in population, falling from over a million goes to show just how devestating the collapse the roman empire really was upon their former homeland... May it continue to prosper and grow from here on out and forever Semper Roma aeterna!
20,000 people is not a rural village, it is considered for a large city in Medieval times.
@@akarte7 Paris population in 1000 : 20,000 Source: wikipedia. In modern France and Italy rural village is settlement with less than 2,000 inhabitants.
@@akarte7 I still insist that 20,000 is considered a big city for Medieval Europe. Maybe not the top 20, but something that shouldn't be neglected.
@@akarte7 Вот ты дурачок. "где-то в восточной Европе". Ты в курсе что та же Москва уже к началу пятнадцатого века вышла уровень конкуренции с Парижем? А были на Руси (не восточная европа конечно, а северо-восточная, но все же) и в Средневековье мегаполисы - Новгород все средние века стабильно держался, могучий Владимир, который опосредованно дал дорогу Москве, Галич, Смоленск, Псков, Рязань - все это большие города. Касательно восточной европы и тут тебя за дурость наказать легко - была огромная стольная Прага, служившая часто двором германских Императоров и центровым узлов торговли и ремесел, была Рига, был Константинополь, который вообще веками держал корону крупнейшего города Европы и, вероятно, мира в Средневековье.
@@neverforgottenful Medieval Europe was also divided into the Early, Middle, and Late Medieval Periods. It'd be considered a city in the Early and MAYBE Middle Period, but by the late Medieval Period, it was more of a town.
Rome, as an empire, may have fell, but Rome as a city still stands after millennia. Roma Invicta
8:29 Thus, in a non mentioned event, the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines,) which was split from the Western Empire by one of two Imperial brothers who ruled the East and the West respectively, came to a screeching halt. In the year 1453, the last of the Roman Empire fell when the city of Constantinople; a city created by Emperor Constantine of (both East and West) Rome, fell to the Ottoman Turks. However, Rome as a city has just started its new future in the modern age. Roma Invicta.
@@superkamiguru6856 And yet through it all the city still stands. Roma Invicta.
@@josephmoffatt4696 Roma aeterna
Same thing can be said about thousands of cities.
@@danielbahzad3749 I don't think so... absolutely A thousand of other cities? Better if you go back to school and learn something about classical history and Roman Civilization...or do you think that everybody is the same?
See, Rome never fell. The city and her people are thriving to this day.
“thriving” is a big word 😆
I wonder if there are families that are still in Rome today and already were at the founding...
@@Matth_M Maybe.. There'd be very few if any at all. The population decline after the sackings and plagues between the 2nd and 6th centuries could have likely wiped them all out.
The actual people were replaced several times. The Sardinians are what ancient Romans were like. The modern North and South Italians are the result of major waves of migration with the biggest one being from Anatolia and Middle East during the Imperial age that is shown here in numbers.
@user-nz4un6se7y, absolute non-sense lol. Modern romans largely descend from the ancient Romans. Sardinians have a rather distinct genetic pool from the rest of Italians including the Romans.
TBH, presenting the extent of the city of Augustus during the Middle Ages is really very misleading. A map format that doesn't reflect a population drop from over 1 million to 30,000 isn't really that helpful at visualising the state of the city. The shift of the centre of the city from the area below the Palatine, towards the Campus Martius in the Tiber bend, with the rest of the "city" being fields and pastures, is nowhere to be seen, either. Good job on collecting the information in the infobox, though. :)
You're absolutely right. I've consulted Ollie Bye to learn how to represent actual urban sprawl better, so from now on my city videos will be more accurate and detailed in that regard.
@@TheDragonHistorian respect
@@TheDragonHistorian Will you be redoing the Rome video someday in the future, in relation to this?
Im guessing that legal border hampered the reemergence of the city as those controlling it would refuse to cede territory for other noble families to create an estate within the "city". If new little centers aren't allowed to be built up throughout there is nothing for various shops such as blacksmiths, tanners, etc to build up around. The city originally built up around 7 hills/centers and all the cracks in between were filled before it blew out beyond its britches. If you don't allow that to happen it cant happen
The shift of the administrative regions in the 1200s was fascinating to me. To me the extreme density in an area that had previously been only 1 region and lack of density in the old city indicated that the center of the city's population had shifted toward the pope's residence. This sort of gels with my experience playing Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood of all things as the city there was centered almost entirely within the CIrcus Flaminius, with the older parts of the city having a lot of open space and farms.
Yeah that was the reason for the shift as the eastern part of the city was almost uninhabited
These videos are so great. I wish I had them when I studied these histories in school 😆 Would love to see more videos on Cairo, Kyoto, Hong Kong, Istanbul, and New York!
It took rome nearly 1900 years to recover it's population of 1 million, but never lost a significant position in Europe despite having less than 20k people. Eternal City indeed. Also current Mayor of Rome is Damn! 😳🔥🥵
Great work! It's amazing how the eternal city, Rome, only managed to reach the population at the time of the Roman Empire in the 20th century.
I live in Rome, i love Rome, and i live in the "papal rome" 🤣. Now this city is so big, i think you can't understand how big it is (in terms of extension)... it's like 10 milan, 12 paris, 15 lisbon, almost as bis as london... there is sooo much to see here, a must visit for everyone no doubt!
You should mention that Etruscans were a major power in the area in the early days. They weren't just neighbours, they presumably either had power over Rome or were militarily better then Rome until Rome itself consolidated to be its own kingdom. The Estruscans were the ones who had literature in the area and a lot of Roman architecture esp the arches were borrowed from the Etruscans.
I love this format, it’s very unique and interesting. Keep bringing it up!
This actually gives a lot of context to the archeological state of the city.
Dude. The effort into this video is off the charts. Thank you!
these vids are quality mate 👌 keep up the good work
Technically, Augustus never really abolished the republic, nor was the republic ever really abolished. The senate’s power merely decreased slowly but surely over time. Augustus maintained the image of the republic and styled himself as the “first citizen” rather than a straight up monarch even though he basically was. It wasn’t until Diocletian that they were just like “fuck it, we can’t uphold this charade any longer” and essentially made themselves officially emperors, and even then the senate still existed.
No Roman emperor abolished the Senate.. no one
@@enricomanno8434 …that’s… literally what I just said…
I don't view it that way, to me from the moment that rome started to be ruled by one person it stopped being a Republic, the senate did exist, but I think that Rome can't be called a Republic from the moment that the senate stopped ruling it, just my opinion tho
@@ap6480 Rome wasn't ruled by one person though, the reason why no Emperor every abolished the senate was because they had to heavily rely on the senatorial class for administration. There were senatorial provinces in the interior of the Empire , who just so happened to be some of the richest provinces, which were solely ruled by the senate, but even then most of the administrators, generals and other people of influence were of senatorial class, patricians or atleast wealthy plebeians, because they had the money for education and the connections and influence. So the Emperors needed them to run the empire and also please them because they had the influence and power to just assasinate him and choose a new Emperor. To limit their influence the Emperors would over time integrate more and more freedmen and people of equestrian rank into the state Apparatus, but they never could abolish the senate.
it even still existed during the ostrogothic kingdom, it wasnt until the lombards when "Italy" was starting to take form instead of the stranger title of "Former heartlands of the Romans". that title i made up but the rest is somewhat true, with "Italy" at the time being lombard
Finally! I’ve been waiting for any sort of video on the map of Rome itself for years
The video was great, and I liked the music towards the end. Could you do this with a Greek city?
Constantinople!
@@user-ll9hb3sd8h Constantinople is Turkic city now
@@---ow7us We don't migrated Constantinople. We conquered this metropolis. It should be like that. The greeks can't protect their capital. This is not our problem. We don't care about Catholic-Orthodoxy's problems. Many time Ottoman and Venice fight against each other.
@@bestmmax Not really
@Mehmet Malkoç u only spread to anatolia after seljuk mass raids and migrations
It's curious to see that the most important cities of the Antiquity fell or almost fell into irrelevancy during the Middle Ages: Rome, Athens, Alexandria, Carthage, Sparta, Ravenna, Palmyra, Ephesus, Antioch...
Ahm, Sparta and Carthage basically wasn't the original ones. Only colonies made by Roman's after they literally destroyed those cities.
Antioch doesn't even exist anymore now :(
@@i_likemen5614 Constantinople was and is the only city to have conserved her prominence.
@@danielefabbro822 It probably has the best location of all these cities. It has access to both the Black and Mediterranean sea, and is located in the center of Asia and Europe. It also helped that Rome never died in the East and continued to live on until the Ottomans conquered it
@@i_likemen5614 a better location will be somewhere near places like Gibraltar, Suez, Panama. Controlling the trade routes will make cities strong. That's basically how many cities in ancient times was born.
Yes! Thank you for making the history of C. M. R. C. I was waiting for it for so long
I'm not from Rome, but I'm italian and can say that's a good video. Nice job!
rome: The Detroit of the Middle ages
From 1 Million to 30.000 People. That's just crazy! Nice video👍🏻
I've waited soo long for this video thanks!
Very good depiction of ancient and later Rome, cheers to you to have depicted modern Rome until 2021, really amazing! I'm from Rome, indeed, and the video is quite accurate, bravo!
Also one of my favourite mixes ever thank you DJ
Subbed! I would love to see a "The History of Rio de Janeiro: Every Year".
That last musical track was amazing.
I was really waiting for this one
Thanks to KZhead for recommending me this masterpiece
Amazing content! You are super underated! Could you do Warsaw or Krakow next? Thanks!
this is the video I’ve been waiting for sooo long hahah
Fun fact: Rome probably was the first city in human history to reach 1 million people, making it the first metropoly of the world. Also it's very sad to see that during medival times its demography decreased that much.
Don't know, maybe the american tribes like Maya could have done it first? Really dunno Or even china maybe
@@ildanno1111 only competition would be China, no other nation before them had reached that before, though China would come after
rome is reliving its medieval period thanks to milan stealing all its resources
Quality and animation has improved so much keep up the good work
Octavian was Caesar’s grandnephew, not his son. But, Caesar did adopt him, so technically, he is both.
Romans at the time wouldve 100% viewed him as his son
FINALLY SOMEONE MADE THIS
I love history and your channel 👏💙💕
Great work!
Great Video!
Awesome video!
This video was a rollercoaster of emotions!
un buen video musica de calidad y un toque hogareño gracias=)
Wait, I want to clarify something because in the last seconds Rome appears to be huge. It’s actually a reform that made it look so vast: the precedent province became “the metropolitan city of Rome” because it’s almost a conurbation by now, even though there are still many areas of fields, forests, dunes and kind of clear sea. The actual city of Rome doesn’t even cover the entire light violet part, as an example the marine part is only pines protected in a regional park. There are many different panoramas: there are inhabited areas, awful peripheries, ancient volcanos turned into lakes and hills, valleys, dunes, bushes that contain the rests of Etruscan cities, rivers, low mountains. Oh and did you know that wolves’ family has been seen again near Rome? So the symbol of the city is finally back after a century.
The violet part.8n the marine area is ALSO pines. There are many towns there: Fiumicino, Ostia, Pomezia e Torvajanica, Anzio...
@@rob.thenerdcaster sì mi sono espresso male: intendevo dire la parte rosa è in parte la pineta di Castel Fusano , quella viola rappresenta altri comuni. Errore mio, era notte fonda mi sa.
Which software did you use for making this maps? Thanks a lot
What is fascinating that Rome back then wasn't much smaller than Rome is today or was at its highest point ever. It is amazing how modern cities were supported by agrarian pre-medieval level agriculture. The efforts to feed the Rome had to be truly massive! Needless to say, separate offices were set up alone for that task back in the day.
Rome back then wasn't even *half* of what's considered Rome's *center* nowadays.
Masterpiece
Great job!
It's really crazy to think how Rome had only less than 20 thousand people living there, plummeting down from more than 1 million
Thank you, very interesting!!
rome is still growing i miss you roman empire
I have to be honest, this video was very useful for my thesis, especially for the 6th century
Heyy, can you pleaseee do a video of the history of lisbon: every year next??
the music is so satisfying
Awesome video
Interesting history, especially about Roman empire, thanks for video! Love Italy from Ruthenia (Ukraine)!
Rome: im the largest city and first to reach 1 million residents God: more like 30,000 residents
Now that's Rome on Barbarians!
오 유익한 정보를 담은 영상 감사합니다
Im suprised he hasnt done a video on Moscow yet. Keep Up The Great Work!
Amazing video
Looking forward to the History of Byzantium-Constantinopole-Instanbul
@Union Lord Who calls it that way ?
@Union Lord I didnt know , does it mena the king city or something like that ?
I don’t really like how the description doesn’t sync up with the actual year shown.
Not gonna lie, I was looking forward to this
Nice video! A good idea would be to make a video about Athens or Istanbul/Constantinople
This Video is very good! Are you planning on a Berlin map history recently? This one will be shorter but has a lot history in its 750 years of existence, or maybe 2000 if you begin by spandau and köpenick.
YAY I LOVE IT VIDEO PLEASE NEXT!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Спасибо. Очень интересно.
Amazing how the population of Rome before its downfall was at 1 million.
It’s kind of ironic that in Rome you can see a tiny hole that’s supposed to Vatican City, after it controlling the city for almost a millennium.
I'd like to see: history of Genova (Italy)
It's Genoa in english, wich tottally sucks I don't understand why venezia in english is venice and Genova is Genoa
Mirinda! Mi atendas la historion de Kyiv dum ĉiuj jaroj! Vi estas unu el la plej bonaj mapkestoj 😊
I really want to visit italy one day
good job.
thank you to hearded my request
That song at 8:48 kinda slaps
Can you do the same thing with lecce?
It would have been interesting to show the evolution ( and devolution ) of the inhabited area. There's not a of city that went form 1 million, then 20 000 thent back to more then a 1 million.
Bellissimo
I love seeing the history of the city I live in
Great music
Imagine if the entirety of modern Rome had its 44 BC population density.
Great video, thank you. One thing, the correct name was Lucio Cornelio Silla, not "Sulla".
What is BCE?
the most fascinating thing is that the greeks were doing already sports events like the olympics 20 years before rome was founded and after more than 1100 years of olympic games a roman emperor theodosius abolished the olympic games because they was "pagan".
He was just the typical small cck man with too much power that didn't want peasant athletes to be worshiped for something he would not be able to do in his lifetime. He prefered them to worship him and focus on religion, in which he had power
Thank u
Can you do Warsaw next?
Do history of Warsaw. Nice work!
Just that tiny spec of Rome had a million people 2000 years ago
watched from the beginning to the end
Can you do another one with Naples?
The video about the history and expansion of Rome is good. But I found mistakes about Vatican City year beween 1911-1929 in part 10:12-10:30. Vatican City gained independence in 1929, still part of Rome between 1911-1929.
this took more than a day