Magnetohydrodynamics - Propelling Liquid Metal with Magnets!
2018 ж. 25 Шіл.
1 075 633 Рет қаралды
We explain the principles behind magnetohydrodynamics or MHD. Then, we set up several demonstrations.
We explain the principles behind magnetohydrodynamics or MHD. Then, we set up several demonstrations.
what a time we live in... this high level wizard is just giving knowledge out for free.
Indeed, he's the Mr. Wizard of our age.
Better than Eric Dollard even?
Knowledge was always free. Back in my day, we had this building called a library.
And people wonder why they are in the debt of colleges... six figures deep. ...all they had to do was a simple youtube search... A very humble man could have filled them in for free. Society needs to come to terms with things that can be learned for no monetary exchange. Just because you didn't pay for it, doesn't make it any less real.
@@zachsg28 Go ahead and send your CV in for an electrician job, telling them you watched three KZhead videos you THOUGHT were relevant and see how far that gets you, moron millennial.
He covered aspects that was just glossed over in my engineering course, and explained them thouroughly . Well done .
“To build a rail gun” - you’ve got my attention
Great!
Having a basic understanding of how a railgun works, I am fairly certain you don't want your rails to move apart.............
@@TechIngredients where is the video :D?
I got some neodymium magnets and high voltage capacitors at my disposal, and I build one! Two copper rails were screwed between 2 timber boards, and neodymium magnets placed under the rails. Now let’s fire this thing
@Phil Weatherley Covid zombies
Wow. I'm going (back) to college to become an engineer and I feel as if I've struck gold with this channel! This sort of stuff is really exciting, and to hear someone so knowledgeable explain it in such an intuitive manner is simply awesome. Thanks for doing what you do, please keep it up!
cheers for modern engineer :)
I'm proud that videos like this one exist on youtube
Well done you. Three cheers for autodidacta! Hip hip --
kzhead.info/sun/bKmAcbyHjqJ9rHA/bejne.html
Too bad the KZhead CEO isn't. She just wants more Ad-heavy sterile Big Media content, not independent content creators.
U Wot M8 that's what you get when you hire an idiot. Might make a lot of money fast, but you're damaging your machine to do it. If someone blows KZhead up.... I don't see someone rebuilding that engine.
Unmannedair Well yeah, that's what you get in general for caring about money over everything else. It poisons everything... there has to be a balance. Enough to keep running obviously, but not so much as to encourage focusing on shallow or exploitative things.
Fantastic video. Exceptionally well done demonstrations.
Thank's! That means a lot coming from you!
@@TechIngredients would have been better to use galistan.. which is a safe liquid metal used in thermometers now, you can buy equate ones at Walmart now
Fancy seeing you here Nighthawk!
Nice vidio sir
this is the kind of dad everyone needs. his depth of knowledge is absolutely mind boggling. I appreciate you and share your channel as often as i can.
Thanks, that really helps!
My thoughts exactly, but I'm 51 so I guess it's too late.
@@TechIngredients eric laithwaite continued. I love it👍👍. Continued and investigated deeper and wider
@@TechIngredientsmercury still gets a "bad rap" as fuel in theory it is a reusable fuel so imagine a reusable fuel in a Rocket or Submarine and what that would mean as opposed to steam powered using nuclear fission.
You're a fantastic, pragmatic teacher and physicist. We need more like you teaching physics (not mere math) to the next generations. Thank you very much sir!
I've "said" it many times before and hope to be able to repeat it many times again, this type of content is what redeems and shows the true potential of KZhead and "Internet" in the sea of mediocre and outright bad (harmful?) content that seems to be the "norm". Thank You for being such a great source of educational and inspirational content. Best regards.
Those who seek science will find it, as will the ones that seek entertainment. The content on youtube and it`s popularity, is a reflection of society, not youtube itself ;)
The sad thing is any time I try to look something up on Google, the first page never has anything useful anymore. You get a table of irrelevant questions with answers from sites that aren't credible, Instructibles that will probably kill somebody and top 10 sites and other such garbage. They need a version of Google for academics that filters all of that stuff. I'm sure they have one for academic journals, but I want a wider range of content. A search engine that understands technical terms without trying to tell me I meant to search for something else would be nice, too. Or at the very lest, a search filter to return more educational content than enertainment wuld be nice.
Perhaps but this project is unfinished and nobody knows why we haven't seen the second half, the PRESTIGE so to speak...
@@silversrayleigh8980 Like others, I would guess success has stopped the follow up posts. There are serious interests who do not want weapons tech that out performs archaic guns in the public domain. One of the biggest problems that hinder rail gun deployment is the huge current demand. He's replaced it with magnets (something Distinty detailed). Next he identified the issue of unlimited discharge rates. And controlling the ringing with properly balanced inductors and capacitors naturally have that create real problems. Then, with his skillset, he probably discovered the amplification of power that happens with high voltage and frequency control. And now, you have a double threat. A weapon that out performs any chemical based weapon and does not require a lot of energy, or makes it too. Of course his day job may have shut him down as a result, or just because...
@@mundymorningreport3137 ... He was developing a caterpillar drive .. silent submarine propulsion... Its too fascinating .. I can never get over how these magnets can propel sea water... I want one for personal use while diving :) Or a UAV ... And in that your right about it being sensitive bc of its potential value. ... So sad....
Not the first channel to do a series on railguns, but probably the channel with the greatest chance of being highly successful and educational. Hyped!
The internet is the most significant technology of our time and it would be utterly wasted without people like you. Keep on educating our species!
Oh and porn. I forgot about that :p
I have no professional interest in this field, but my curiosity has me subscribing to your channel. Thank you for the work that you do. This is super fascinating!!
The way he explains everything is so simple and understanding it’s incredible. I learned a lot even I’m the first minute haha. You are amazing sir thank you for doing this, keep up the good work I appreciate your work.
Hands down the best most detailed explanation of basic current and how a motor works that I have ever seen in my life. I think I just found my new favorite channel
Your work is well placed, exceptionally knowledgeable, and you bring great honor to your family.
Your ability to easily explain these concepts & complexities is outstanding!
Love your videos and the "hold no jargon" engineering speak you use. I'm an ME by degree, and this channel just hits my nerd button like no other. Thank you for making these and I CAN NOT WAIT to see what you come up with for your railgun! I wanted to do one for my Sr Design project.
I'm astounded how good his mental models of the physical world are. It's like listening to a engineering version of Sean Carroll.
Thanks!
Sean Carroll does nothing for humanity
@@tonylikesphysics2534 I guess that's true; unless you consider doing careful and deep thinking about nature at a level only maybe a handful of people are capable of--and then sharing that exploration through publishing and teaching--as a contribution to humanity. I'm wondering to myself if there are other contributions that transcend time as fluidly as models and ideas.
Financeification I study physics for the same reasons. My comment was more about his promoting an idea that can’t be proven to sell books. I think many worlds is a garbage theory.
@@tonylikesphysics2534 Interesting. Do some deep and careful thinking about why you have come to that opinion and publish your logic. Experimentally unprovable is more the rule than the exception for cutting edge work. Note the theories we have as laws today that were thought unprovable when developed, like nearly all of relativity and quantum physics. Studying a discipline and developing a discipline aren't equatable: one is consumptive; the other contributive. They diverge in the depth of capability required: almost anyone on the planet can consume physics; very few can develop.
This was an astonishingly crystal clear presentation. Such nice ways of explaining, perfect
You manage to sprinkle entirely new pieces of knowledge into something I have heard a hundred times. Awesome.
Oh man, gotta grab a snack, a notepad and sit down for this one.
Who sees a video like this and thinks of food? Something tells me a mobility scooter is in your future.
@@bashkillszombies brain obviously needs energy to work properly , so a snack will help
Hey guys, great video! At the start you mention that the crystal orientation of a rare earth magnet is set by applying a pulse prior to stintering. While this is true for SmCo5 and some ferrite magnets its not the case for the NdFeB magnets you are most likely using. The only way to align the microstructure (create texture) in stintered NdFeB magnets is by deforming the magnet at high temperature in a process known as hot pressing, or far less commonly, by equal channel angular pressing. The magnets you are most likely using (unless they were very expensive) are composed of a randomly oriented microstructure and so have isotropic magnetic properties. The apparent fixed polarisation of the NdFeB magnets you have is instead a result of the very large magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which gives a high coercivity, present in these materials which prevents the magnetic domains within the material from moving. Thus the purpose of pulse magnetising the magnet is to set a near single domain structure in the material so that it produces a useful external field. If you heat the magnet above its Curie temperature it is the single domain structure that is lost due to self demagnetisation, not a microstructural texture. For example, you may need to heat a NdFeB magnet to a temperature greater than 600C to see microstructural changes while only a few hundred degrees C to seee a loss of magnetic properties. As you heat the magnetic its coercivity falls until a point where the magnetic domains start to rearrange and the 'stored energy' in the magnet is lost. This also means you can remagnetise a permanent magnet if it happens to be damaged by heating it above its Curie temperature by exposing it to a large field at room temperature. Though the field required to do so is typically very large (i.e. > 7T). Any way I know this is too technical for your audience but I thought you might find the topic interesting all the same. Keep the great content coming.
Good stuff, Capo. And _pulsed fields_ somewhat over 7 Tesla are not at all hard to make. The record is over 200 T, but then it is an exotic piece of equipment. Neutron stars can have fields of billions or even trillions of Tesla!
_Is_ it too technical? 😉 For some, maybe, but I always prefer detail over lack of it. If I don't know a term, or the implications of a theory, I can look it up - and then I'll know it in future! Great comment - thanks for the detail.
To say it is to technical is a joke, ty for that info tho.
This is my favorite video on the internet. Thank you so much for your thorough explanations.
This is still one of my all time favorite demonstrations. Would have loved to see the rail gun. Keep up the amazing work!
Very nicely explained. I had always wanted to see a real demonstration of MHD since a talk by an Oxford professor when I was 17. I understand the theory but its great to see it in action. And for what its worth, you are a very exceptional teacher. The explanations were clearer than during University studying Physics, the speed was much faster so it was less boring, and your obvious interest in the subject is infective. Honestly I wish you were my tutor during my time at University and I can see your subscriber count and reach shooting up as people discover you. Its a niche, a proper explanation of Physics (rather than pop-culture explanations) but its one you do amazingly well. I like to give some constructive criticism to those I like, its always nice to get better, but I genuinely can't think what to suggest here.
I think I Love you
@@moec1373 simp.
I love smart women
@@JuanHernandez-mq2go SIMP
@@hoobaguy4311 you're doing gods work. Keep at it , too many simps running around
Thank you for once again producing amazing, well explained content!
This is by far the most exciting learning I found in KZhead. Thank you for this teaching video. 🙏🙏
Thank you for these excellent demonstrations and explanations! Seeing the effect in action makes it much easier to understand. I will stay tuned.
Clickbait titles from an alternate universe: How to build a rail gun the right way! Making the ultimate rail gun - Part 1 The Build for Red October - Part 1 AMAZING liquid metal (not mercury (not clickbait)) HOW TO POWER YOUR HOME WITH YOUR KITCHEN SINK! (The electric company HATES this!) I subbed in part for the excellent educational video, and in part because you went with magnetohydrodynamics, possibly the least clickbait word on Earth.
Clickbait Schmickbait uses this for positive experimentation for real-world applications!! don't forget to dream and use your imagination! Remember imagination is worth more than facts! Without imagination nothing is possible!!
This guy is like Bill Nye, but better because he actually knows what he's talking about.
Walter White if he became a youtuber instead of cooking meth.
@@BierBart12 NICE comparison!
@@BierBart12 I was thinking the same thing.
Anthony Jones 😝
He's also like Bill Nye, but better because he's actually likeable.
Most educational and professionally presented. The lab demos were great ! Thankyou
WOW! Impressive and I am awestruck for sure! The projects are awesome but your explanation of theorems and details is what makes you the Man to watch! Thanks again and keep them coming.
Even before I watch this video my first thought was the hunt for red October. I hadn't read the book but it's one of my favorite movies. this guy really did a good job of explaining things that the average joe like me might not have understood otherwise.
The KZhead recommendation algorithm scores another point! Thanks for the excellent upload! - you've earned yourself a subscriber :)
Great! That's good to hear as well.
Very well explained and easy to follow. Noteworthy. Thank you
Bro, how did you get so smart? I envy men like you. Men who have the ability not to just understand complicated things but to convey these things so a simpleton like myself can enjoy even for a brief moment some complicated science. Thank you for taking time out your day to brighten mine.
He's one shaven head away from cooking Fulminated Mercury to blow up Tuco's office
@Grandfather_Din_Racketthat's why it's a joke, Einstein.
I watched the whole 28:35min... love this content.... every example and topic is explained in a super easy way anyone can understand... AWESOME!!! This channel deserves a LOT more subscribers ohhh yeaaahhh!!! I’m excited waiting for the next videos mate =]
Thanks! Their on the way.
I have found that I can watch his videos at 1.5x speed with no loss of intelligibility. This saves a lot of time. I can watch a 30 minute video in 20 minutes!
Oops ... grammar my friend ... THEY are on their way, or They're on the way ...
McKenzie Keith I think people would watch my videos at 0.50 speed to slow down a bit hahaha
0.25 more like
I finally grasp the whole theory of a rail gun totally and I want to thank you for explaining another concept that has elude me for yrs. The contain that your shows are the very best, Thank you and please keep them coming. I have learned so much more then I would have ever imagined possible. I'm hooked !
I CANNOT wait to see your subsequent videos on this subject! Thank you!!
Thank you for teaching me. You had me at the first "Never the less."
I really hope this guy is a professor with decent students because that right there is one hell of a teacher
Yet again, I am excited to learn more. You guys are working on all kinds of amazing things.
You've got a skill for explaining complex concepts clearly and concisely. You'd make a great lecturer.
You're a smart cool guy. I love your very in depth videos. Even though they are a tad slow.
I would be very curious to know more about ultra pure water corrosion in a next video
Sir, I've been an electrician for 20+ years, and I've learned more in the last 28 minutes and 35 seconds than I've been taught in almost a quarter of a century. The best part is I can save it and watch it as many times as I want. I've read Ed Leedskalnins books and it's like reading the bible. It's everything you need to know, but in parables.
Thanks again for another fascinating presentation. Love your shows.
Begin with what amounts to a neat curiosity, build up to how to build a railgun. This folks, is how to teach science to kids. Great video!
more details, more references Please!
25:08 "Electrical engineer schools KZheadrs on how to make a rail gun properly"
Exceptional host. Amazing content of the highest quality possible. Many thanks for this wonderful channel.
I like how you explain things in every day language. Very impressive work. Looking forward to more videos on this subject.
Channel is stacking the subscribers quick.. been awhile since I seen a channel do that.. you guys have some awesome content, im just worried you have so many projects going it will be hard to organize and finish on one at a time or however you decide to do it. I appreciate everything your sharing. By the way I have a cnc shop that does mostly prototype work and very short production runs. Ten to twenty parts. Our machines only run a couple hours a day if that.. If you ever need something complex machined It would be my honor to help with a project. We have a cnc lathe, couple vertical machining centers and a wire edm. Laser engraving equiptment and laser drilling/machining equiptment able to handle holes just a few micron straight, tapered or reverse tapered..
That would be awesome if he had more people making parts so he could build more projects. A team effort youtube video.
Dave B they pretty much have it covered but it would be nice to help out and give back..
I'm pretty sure more open-ended projects just means more videos, which is fine by me. One of those rare cases where quality produces quantity.
Grim Lock What brand laser engraver do you use and what for? I have a CNC machine shop that specializes in firearms, etc. we have looked at many fiber lasers and would love some advice or recommendations on what your shop prefers. Thanks!
LukeFoley21 depends do you want to deep engrave or just run serial type
Masters in mechanical engineering? Or physics? You're a very well rounded dood
MHD is incredible, you're experiments and explanations were well done. The Hunt for the Red October was the first thing that came to mind!
Exceptional teaching skills from a scientific genius. Very rare combination indeed.
7:40 "let me get my little stirrer" Ahhh I too have little stirrers. such a wonderful scientific devise. XD
*Tech Ingredients* Another great and informative video! I was wondering, when you were discussing the ionic liquid being able to generate more power if flowing through a narrower conductor with a higher magnetic field and more flow: if potentially a device using seawater currents or wave flow could be created to take advantage of a direct power conversion into electricity without a mechanical device necessary-direct seawater flow to electricity. Thank you
That is what we will demo with artificial seawater.
Tech Ingredients Excellent! I instantly saw a design for a multi channel seawater flow converter in my mind's eye, so I am curious to learn more about this.
Prolific Invention Me too. I really like where this is going :)
Had exactly the same thought - moving salt water at-scale? How about tidal generation? I like that the emphasis is on quality and depth, rather than frequency. Outside of minor nits getting a lapel mic for outdoors (or indoors, really) and some transient autofocus issues, these are great quality videos - not overproduced, over monetized, or "look at me". I remember old articles about the USSR making MHD generators resembling rocket motors, btw. So many Popular Mechanics and Popular Science "coming soon" articles fueled the imagination. Kinda miss them, but there's KZhead, HackADay, and all, so I'm good. Thank you for the effort and interesting information.
James Wyatt I don't remember if it was 60s or 70s there was some old Popular Science mechanics magazines and some old videos I believe of college students who made about a three-foot sub and which the skin reacted to saltwater created electricity needed to power it though I recently did a search on this I can no longer find information and when I do and is limited so yes there have been very many experiments with salt Waters in the ocean and taking power directly from it it's available you just have to figure out how to harness
I am always impressed by the amount of preparation you do for your videos. Both practical and informational. And I love how you explain everything. Keep up the good work. With kind regards Thomas
Thanks!
Great demonstrations and great explainations! Learned a lot!
Legend says humans automatically level-up if they sub to this guy 👌
He got mine!!!
...annnnnd sub'd! this makes me feel like im getting a college lecture from one of those god like memorable professors.
Thank you!
wow ! One if the best explanations of motors I have ever heard ...thanks !
I have a GED and some college and this gentleman broke this down for a person like me to understand the concepts demonstrated. He is definitely one smart cookie and very generous to help folks like me to understand the concepts taught. Thank you!
You're welcome!
Seems potentially useful when you want to propel a boat slowly without noise or turbulence, such as for fishing(to not scare the fish away) or for scenic, quiet canoe trips/wild-life viewing expeditions. Powered by solar.
i believe it's darpa who's currently researching it in a project called mayhem i think, idea is to shoot meolten metal encased in a magnetic bubble of sorts and via the base control, shape the field containing the metal into the ideal shape for impacting the target at whatever given angle. m basically mold a bullet mid air before it solidifies.
Well done. Please develop a more peaceful application than Railguns.. Cool would be a boat turbine that runs on little electric input power. Mayebe use a pulse driver PWM circuit to pulse to get higher efficiency ..many thanks.
Brilliant coverage of several interesting topics around magnetism. So great youtube allows for this kind of sharing of knowledge now....
That "right hand wrap" explained in a coule of sentences what I never understood from my Physics teacher at school! Had he just done that, I would have redesigned the world by now!
How about a lecture on Molten Salt Reactors Please. Subbed & Notified!
My grandson knows how that works
@@vickihall-kanesta399 What your grandson knows?
.. with a demo ;) Honestly, they're not that different from WW reactors. You're just trading on set of engineering challenges for another.
You're clearly not paying attention. He doesn't do lectures, he does engineering. You could ask him to build a salt water reactor, though.
If I'm not mistaken, you still intend to have a permanent magnet in your railgun. Could you also form an electromagnet around it and use that as the inductor for your pulse forming Network while augmenting the field strength? I started a railgun a while ago but haven't worked on it recently due to some of the same concerns you have about your average railgun. I wanted more efficiency with a longer pulse.
The magnet will operate to augment the rails. The inductors need to be very easily modified/tuned and will be set up as a stand alone system.
Tech Ingredients ok. Thanks for replying. My railgun has been on hold until I can learn enough physics to figure out a way to combine added inductance and pulse forming to lower overall current and welding effects. In my mind, I envision something like a multi-turn "coil" for the rails to amplify the magnetic effects like a motor.
Railguns shooting heavy slugs are best when operated in tandem, as the '2nd stage' accelerator. The 1st stage can be a coilgun, compressed air gun, or whatever is convenient. Or you can shoot only something of very low mass, like the tiny bit of plasma formed by exploding the aluminized coating off a small strip of coated plastic, or a very thin wire. Iron/steel wire works very well (think: steel wool), and can also end up shooting a tiny white-hot ball of molten iron, which will often burn up in mid-air. The latter devices also can make quite a sharp _BANG!_ when fired, resembling a tiny blasting cap. In the one I built, I used a few inches of heavy, bare copper wire as the 'rails', powered by junkbox electrolytic capacitors charged up to about 700 volts and storing 100 joules. *It requires care to operate such things, as it could easily provide a fatal shock, so Be Careful!* I used the same power unit to operate a small coilgun, with a pinball coil pulling in a soft iron rod of about 60 grams (2 ounces), with very impressive force. Timing is critical in that, as the charge needs to be substantially depleted by the time the iron reaches the centered position in the coil. I achieved the needed timing by adjusting the initial position of the rod to be only barely engaged with one end of the coil. Ringdown is not a problem in what I built, as it occurs only as single-ended oscillations, significantly offset from zero volts. Thus there is no reverse voltage applied to the capacitors. YMMV. _The magnetic field generated by pulsing the coil is sufficient to re-magnetize any permanent magnet, so there is no performance to be gained by using a magnet as the moving slug!_
These methods you describe are well accepted and even required when the projectile is the switch that closes the circuit. The reported efficiencies of rail guns to date, are not high and to reach the velocities that will make this interesting will require tens of kJ if the projectile is large and heavy; not to mention the bunker that will be necessary for testing. Thanks for the safety warning. You might take a look at our video on the large dye laser power supply? Maybe we should go ahead with a Patreon account?
+Tech Ingredients -- Yes siree, you da man on the high voltage equipment and dangers! :) I was not attempting to instruct you, only warning other members of your audience. Already at the measly 700 volts and 100 joules of my old pulse power unit, one is well into fry-the-cardiac-nerves territory. Not to mention, extreme pain and perhaps muscles/tendons/bones breaking from extreme contractions of all muscles at once. Electricity is the stuff of Life... and of Death, if one is not careful. :o
I hope this comment doesn't get drowned out, but I had a professor that worked on the military's rail gun project. He said that the solution to get around the projectile welding its self to the barrel was to enclose the projectile in a sheath, add an insulated C-type armature to the load bearing end of the projectile, and put a small copper rod on the end of armature. When the caps discharge, the copper rod instantly turns into plasma and puts all its force onto the armature, thereby preventing any sort of welding. If you look in the videos released by the military, you can see this C-shaped armature exiting the barrel on the projectile as the sheath falls off. Having a small, vaporizing copper rod work as the shorting wire to your high powered rail gun would reduce weight, and therefore increase the energy you can load onto the projectile.
I have been told this rule many times and understood somewhat what was being explained but never to this extent. This is by far the most descriptive, simple explanation I have ever heard & now I can grasp totally how this interacts with motors/generators. Thanks for your expertise and please keep it coming. It is very seldom you find someone that can lay out the path that just about anyone can pick up & follow. I admire your work.
Thank you!
Saltwater contains ions, but isn't an ionic liquid. Ionic liquids are liquids fully made of ions, like molten sodium chloride, but liquid at room temperature. This is a huge research field in chemistry.
When he brings out the liquid metal I thought, ‘that must be gallium’. Then he says ‘this alloy contains no gallium’. Doh! Back to school for me 😳
"contains no cadmium", the alloy does contain gallium
Aaron Mathes He said it contains neither gallium nor cadmium... It is comprised of lead, bismuth, tin and indium only.
Thank you. Keep up the good work. I can't even explain how much difference this excellent video can do for people! Just very well explained.
Thanks!
I love you, your the only person I have seen in the world with your smarts and ability to convey complex ideas so even someone like me could kind of understand. ;) Thank you so much please keep up the excellent work
He has a lapel mic on, why is the volume increasing when the camera is getting closer? I love these videos, but the audio volumes are all over the place.
I didn’t understand anything, but it was very interesting)
Awesome as always! Best science channel that I have ever found!
So much potential with such little power. and so well explained. thank you sincerely!
26:55 Butterfly came on window to spy on your lab SIR!!!
"If I was working for the soviets I would have probably ended up in Siberia" LOL
I've listened to a lot of lectures, some clear, and some not very, others just confusing.. Yours must be one of the clearest I've ever listened to. The demonstration, was well presented, and easy to follow. 😊👍 .
Thanks!
Excellent demonstration
Lead isn't much safer than mercury (in its metallic form) though, is it?
They are both health hazards especially when combined with organic molecules, but the volitility/low vapor pressure of mercury increases your potential exposure.
But surely the volatility/low vapor pressure is tied to it being liquid, no? So the lead in this case would be equally volatile? I'm not saying it's dangerous what you're doing, I know that in the metallic form even mercury is reasonably safe to handle but I'd think if you make lead a liquid it's the same as mercury, no?
Good question and the answer is interesting. If we were talking the pure metals then the general relationship you state would apply. But, in this case the interpolation of one kind of metal between other types of metals prevents, orderly, low energy packing and solidification. Yet, the thermal energy of the metal is low. There is not much knetic energy to drive these metal atoms through the surface tension of the droplets (obviously high as you can see in the video) into the atmosphere.
That is indeed very interesting. So this would mean that NaK will also vaporize more slowly than mercury even though the atoms of both metals are MUCH lighter than mercury (and as such have higher velocities at the same temperature)? How universal is this? Does salt water vaporize more slowly than fresh water? This topic just became more interesting than magnetohydrodynamics if I understood the concept correctly (something tells me I didn't though).
@The Undiscovered Country The mercury works better and it's MUCH easier to see. However a thwrmometer is especially dangerous because it can brake without you noticing. If you want to know how bad mercury is just watch Cody's Lab. He's been messing with it a lot and then got a medical test on mercury levels.
if you are looking at an electron moving from - to + you actually need the left hand rule to get the field´s rotation...
Fantastic demonstration
I didn't think this was possible, but after you explained it so thoroughly, it makes sense. Great video!
Thanks!
Came for the hunt for red October references
you came to the wrong spot buckaroo
New ingredient for my word salad, thanks! *chiral* _adjective_ *chirality* _noun_ of or relating to a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image.
Nice setup and the thyristor reminded me of my old Navy days when we started replacing thyratron tubes with early versions of thyristors. New tech wasn't nearly as reliable then but sure did improve my radars performance when the system worked well. My PFN bit me once after the so-called Eggspurt in my shack told me he gave up on trying to repair my radar . Eggspurt said he discharged my PFN but he clearly didn't . I flew across the room quickly and awoke about 20 or 30 minutes later.
Always lots of information! Great video!
You guys aren't using the lapel mic correctly. The only sound that is getting recorded is coming through via the microphone on the camera. In every video where he is wearing the lapel mic, the volume gets very quiet when the camera moves far away, and louder when the camera is moved closer. If the lapel mic was working, how far away the camera is wouldn't effect the sound level. I really wish you guys would fix the sound... I constantly have to change the volume while watching your vids. Excellent content as always, though.
i noticed that - i think they need to do a better sound check. this may be a one-off though, i've watched virtually all the vids and they are done well. that being said some of the vids included very noisy apparatuses, and therefore the vocal sound did suffer. still - what a great channel! Russ from Coral Springs, Florida, USA
Excellent constructive feedback
The Undiscovered Country Start watching the video at 13:23. You'll notice that as the cameraman moves closer to the table at 13:46, the sound volume grows louder as the cameraman gets closer. And it is *very* pronounced. The speaker is also wearing the lapel mic.
He should really use a headset style mic. They look a bit goofy, but work much better. Lapel mics tend to vary all over the place due to the 6dB rule. Double the distance, lose 6 dB. Halve the distance, gain 6dB. This effect starts at virtually zero distance, so has a greater effect the closer you are to the mic. The mic pickup pattern comes into play as well. Room acoustics issues are also exacerbated by this problem, as the ambient level is always about the same - only the voice level changes. If the mic ends up at the 'critical distance' (the point at which the voice volume is the same as the ambient volume at the mic), then the mic becomes superfluous - which is why camera mics often don't work well in closed spaces unless you're pretty close to the subject.
They could just use volume normalization in editing..
looks around the room for parts umm what do i need again 2 plates magnet water flow channel - then i asked myself why fun ?
This man is brilliant, he sure knows what he's talking about.,.......
Wow!!Fascinating channel and explanatory way of showing the MHD..
So, when is the collab with Cody's Lab Planned ? :D
Cody is reckless and dangerous. This channel is scientific and carefully planned out.
This dude is way above cody!
Sheldon, you seem to be making a lot of assumptions. I like Cody's channel. In fact, I was a long time Patreon of his until recently. As far as slandering him, Cody himself even admits to his recklessness. I was merely stating facts. That is not slander. He is the one who will be faced with the guilt if some kid tries to replicate one of his dangerous videos and gets hurt from it. I consider Cody only slightly less reckless than Grant Thompson. That said, I have as much right to my opinion as you do to yours. Trying to spank my hand only makes YOU look pathetic.
I feel a Colin Furze collaboration would be much more entertaining.
Ken people like you get all those channels/vids flagged, content like his and even TKR are useful, I don’t like Grant, but the fact that they are the ones that are actually putting themselves in “danger” doing extreme shit, and I don’t have to it by myself it’s fucking wonderful. Yeah kids are stupid, WE ALL have done reckless shit at some point in our lives, made mistakes and learn from that, maybe some weren’t that LUCKY (it is a shame), but hell, that’s growing up, we NEED this content is part of our freedom, FREEDOM to LEARN, stupid kids go an try this as if they have been doing things like this is for years, and of course they get hurt, maybe NOT because of their stupidity, maybe bc of fucking BAD LUCK, but the smart ones, say, “oh fuck bro, this fucking cool, but I’m no Cody, if I do this like he does, I probably get reckt, cuz I’m stupid enough to replicate shit on the internet, but I’m not FULLY RETARDED and know how to do shit, not a fucking potato, may be if I do this it this way, I probably don’t hurt myself , cuz again I’m not fuckin Cody”. Hate when people bring this “kids will try this at home” shit, like yeah maybe, the ones that aren’t playing fornite and shit.
When I heard farenheit I got disappointed... I selfishly want either Kelvin or Celcius.
If possible, all metric, please!
Baloney! Use what you work in. Forget the politically correct nonsense. We know how to convert.
I wish I had found your channel a long time ago. You put out great material.