Nazis vs New York - Axis Operations to Attack 'The Big Apple'
A compilation programme incorporating all of my previous stand-alone episodes about German and Italian operations to attack New York City in WWII.
Dr. Mark Felton FRHistS, FRSA is a well-known British historian, the author of 22 non-fiction books, including bestsellers 'Zero Night' and 'Castle of the Eagles', both currently being developed into movies in Hollywood. In addition to writing, Mark also appears regularly in television documentaries around the world, including on The History Channel, Netflix, National Geographic, Quest, American Heroes Channel and RMC Decouverte. His books have formed the background to several TV and radio documentaries. More information about Mark can be found at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Fe...
Visit my audio book channel 'War Stories with Mark Felton': • One Thousand Miles to ...
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Disclaimer: All opinions and comments expressed in the 'Comments' section do not reflect the opinions of Mark Felton Productions. All opinions and comments should contribute to the dialogue. Mark Felton Productions does not condone written attacks, insults, racism, sexism, extremism, violence or otherwise questionable comments or material in the 'Comments' section, and reserves the right to delete any comment violating this rule or to block any poster from the channel.
Credits: US National Archives; Library of Congress; US Navy; Bundesarchiv
The sun is shining, cold beer, the BBQ is on and dr. Felton has just uploaded a 40+ minute video. Life is good.
Haha! Here in Norway the spring is at least "around the corner", but no sun at the moment, no BBQ, but yes: BEEER!!! *burp*
Here in Croatia sunset, summer is coming soon, siting on balcony, great wiew, and yesss..cold beer...cheers everybody!!
Lake thawed. Sitting in the sun smoking hash. 😊
@@mikehunt4797 Hush! That's ELLIGAL!
Most be in the South.
“It’s ok, watch Dr. Felton’s new episode then we can go run our errands.” -My wife 😂❤
She sounds like a keeper
W wife
@@leepreston9637 Yup, sound like good wife!
keeper
Lucky
Click a like who thinks that Mark Felton should be in charge of the History Channel.
The "History" channel lost me many years ago....are they still running pawn shops and ice road truckers ⁉️
If the History Chanel had good ratings running WW2 shows over and over they would still be doing it. Mark is great but his videos are a half hour or so once or twice a week not on 24/7.
As a submarine veteran and a history buff, it is rare to hear about the Atlantic war under the sea other than the standard. Thank you.
Whether or not any Weapons had been launched to any effectiveness, surely one or two successful to land impact would have been so effective viz the propaganda effect of having done so..... ¿?
Here in Canada we heard a LOT about Uboats operating in the gulf of st lawrence and up the st lawrence river.
look into u boat cmapaign in the Carribean Carribean was a VERY hot war zone in WW2, very few know about it
They operated around Newfoundland, trying to torpedo boats in the harbour as well as installing a weather station in Labrador.
Check into where the last German submarine was sunk,Felton doesn’t cover all obvious historical footnotes and stories
30 plus years of the so-called HISTORY CHANNEL can't hold a candle to the great Mark Felton!
They're chasing ghosts 👻 and BigFoot
The German second happy time was partially the result of Chief of Naval Operations, American Admiral Ernest King's failure to enact an adequate U Boat defense. He was given advice from the British and he chose to ignore it.
Admiral King's contempt for all things British led to several questionable decisions. Convoys and coastal blackouts were eventually enacted.
There was a steep learning curve at effective ASW. The navy needed destroyers but Admirals prefer battleships. If German Admirals had wanted submarines there would have been more U-Boats off America in 1942. Had there been enough in 1940-41 Britain would have been starved into an armistice
I mean he really hated the Brits.
He considered his intellect and abilities to be without parallel. Not a good trait for a leader. Learn to take advice.
@@michaelporzio7384: I was not aware of this, what was his contempt for the British based upon?
This is what KZhead should always be. Informative, mysterious, rare, entertaining, diy. Perfect.
Thanks for the update. Compiled propaganda always settles a chimp’s superstition.
What about cats playing the piano?
@@DennisMHenderson brother, log off
@@grasmereguy5116 cultural icon
@@Strongertogether47 sis, keep it up; the pseudoweb praises your name. Just a tip: keep that hose attached to your bh thru ‘yr nostrils!🫶🏿
A measure of the US's desperation at being unprepared for coastal defense was the formation of a _civilian_ auxiliary of the Army Air Corps called the Civil Air Patrol, originally formed from WW1 pilot vets and patriotic Americans who saw America's entry into the war inevitable. They flew recon missions over the East Coast looking for U-Boats and provided eyes for convoy security until the regular forces could ramp up, after which they performed military cadet and pilot training and air SAR, which they still do today.
A lot of those joined CAP so the Army wouldn't take their plane
@@raymondclark1785 The Civil Air Patrol also flew private aircraft such as single engine, Fairchild F-24s armed with depth bombs. I believe the CAP was credited with destroying two U-boats during WWII.
Agreed! the CAP to this day, is a wonderful organization and trainer of youth!
@@michaelporzio7384Indeed and I was a member of it when I was in high school in the 1970s.
These days the CAP is more akin to an out-of-school JROTC, but a great organization.
42 minutes of Dr. Felton. I knew today was going to be a good day.
I needed to hear a human voice. I hit search and just said "Mark Felton" and this fine piece came up. The guy's a legend! 🤷♂️
The Legendary Dr. Felton at it again!!!
For real Dr Felton be giving us some great content
I wan't to be Dr. Felton when I grow up!!! 😚
Kind of surreal that so many Axis combatants were once studying/working/touring the States before WWII. Yamamoto, Kuribayashi, and now Hardagen. The context of peacetime and war makes their visits almost surreal to imagine; one minute they're touring the Empire State Building, the next minute they're planning an attack on Hawaii.
What a life hey , especially the subarine guy that lives to a105
that trend never ended. khalid sheik mohammed of al qaeda leadership fame studied in north carolina, as one example.
Got many Russian visitors ?
Tamon Yamaguchi was the commander of the carrier Hiryu at Midway. He also attended Princeton. He went down with the ship. I'd like to think his last moments were him singing the Princeton fight song and shouting "GO TIGERS! BEAT YALE!"
@@spudskie3907 = One that got me was Mitsu Fuchida (spellcheck it, for, as usual, I'm typing from my 62 y/o memory here !) - He's the man who LED the actual attack on Pearl Harbor 7th Dec' 1941 & uttered the famous words "Tora, Tora, Tora" - My Dad's Ex-RAF older brother (My Uncle) wrote to him personally in late 1972 asking him to autograph a Royal Mail "First Day Cover" commemorating the attack (Dec' 1971 anniversary). To his utter surprise he wrote back, telling my Uncle that he was (NOW) a GENUINE "Ordained Church Christian Minister" & very much "Anti-War" ( much the same as Japan's Top Fighter Ace, Saburo Sakai - Amazing ) I still have an exact photocopy of the 1974 handwritten letter, sent to London, actually apologising for the 2-3 year delay - Heart Problems) Saw an amazing photo' of Fuschida with his wife on a Church Christian visit to London aboard a B.O.A.C "Vickers VC.10" airliner that had landed @ Heathrow, the U.K's (& at time) World's busiest airport. Amazing that several Japanese High Ranking & important "warriors" actually turned to "Peace" once attitudes & realizations had changed. As I used to view them as "a barbaric race" it kinda shook me to the core to both SEE & realise that, actually (Human) "Leopards COULD change their spots". Seeing Sakai (A6M Zero Ace, 62 kills ?) actually visitng the USA back in the 1970's AND actually hugging the US-Navy TBM Avenger 0.50-cal gunner who destroyed 50% of his eyesight & half of his face showed me that "reconcilation" actually IS & was possible, when, humanity kicks in...
"The Nazis had a submarine off Coney Island in Brooklyn during the war. But we were saved....It was destroyed by toxic waste" Woody Allen - One more :) "A storm destroyed Coney Island when I was growing up - stores, the boardwalk, everything. The only thing left standing were those little milk jugs you have to knock over with a baseball to win a prize"
Oh dear :)
And the nazi's killed all the men, Leaving the little girls for Woody. Woody is not a person I would quote.
Id prefere to be a nazi, than Woody.
😊😊😊😊😊d@@knutdergroe9757
Woody Allen is toxic waste
That’s my Sunday evening viewing sorted. Thanks Doc.
It is Saturday today :-)
The fact that the italians got closest to hitting the big apple is priceless.
Firing on their own people+a few Irish I guess
Yeah attacking her own pizzerias 😂
Don't forget the crippling olive oil and salami embargo the Italians inflicted on America 😢
fugetaboutit!
"It was just business. I always liked you Mikey"
41 MINUTES OF MARK????? MARK BE SPOILING US OMG
I can highly recommend H G Wells' 1908 novel "The War in the Air". Apart from giving an amazing insight into society in Edwardian England, bicycles were transforming the world for the common people. Londoners could cycle out of the slums of London for a weekend at the seaside without having to find the expensive train fare. The book features a unicycle monorail over the English Channel, and predicts the coming world war. A fleet of Zeppelins fly across the Atlantic and bomb New York. Wells truly was a prophet of his day.
Yet again, another topic I would never have thought of and a whole 40 minutes of it! Amazing! Thank you!
US Coastal Guard: "Hey, since when the ocean start burping?" U-Boot commander *giggling*: “Hans, launch ze schnitzel!”
Oh. That's just the absolute wurst...
When concrete gets soft it takes some time to get Hardigen.
more like wurst and kraut!
Dr Felton. One of a handful of channels that make KZhead worthwhile.
This episode was really exceptional. All your videos are so gripping & educational. I have watched many of your postings Dr. Felton, but finally decided to tell you how much I enjoy them. Keep your vids coming. Back in the 1970's I worked with WWII vets. I am a Canadian, so I knew fellas that were in the RCAF, the navy, infantry, etc but none of my older work chums wanted to talk much about WWII. They'd only tell stories about being sea sick on the Ille De France ex-French Line ocean liner converted into troopship. Or drinking pints of bitter in English pubs & chasing limey girls. Or Harold, who was a sniper in France, talking about when the Canadians took turf from the Nazis, that the Canucks were feted by the freed French locals, & he had to still pissed full of Normandy wine, walk back to his company at 0430. My coworker Doug was a tank driver & was there when Canadians liberated Holland. My other boss Al was an infantryman paired up with British soldiers when they liberated the Nazi concentration camp Buchenwald. Another supervisor I had was an RCAF bombedier, he flew about 20 missions over occupied Europe. Anyway, I am digressing, I could mentioned Frank G another tuff WWII vet, but I'll stop. Dr. Felton, your channel is one of my favourites on KZhead.
Another Mark Felton video, another great morning in America!
Nothing like a 40 minute video from my favourite historian to fix my previously dreary Saturday. Thanks again Sir!
Absolutely love these longer form videos really hits the spot for me with less known ww2 facts/stories. Thanks for all of these!
42 minuets and vnever missing a beat. Thank you Sir. 80% of this was new to me. An Imperial Japanese navy website mantained by an anglo vet stated that Japan offered Germany its Long Lance torpedo. Germany said it was to large in diameter for its tubes. The Long Lance had increable range as it was fueled by kerosine not alcohol. Thanks for your work.
Was just going through your older stuff and got the notification! Great timing.
What a coincidence!!! U-123 was the main character in the"Drumbeat"book I just finished.
It's not a coincidence..
Thank you, Dr.Felton. My dad, RIP, is enjoying this.
Gaylebaker: Is he voting for Biden this year? Sorry! A poor joke, I couldn't resist.
@@StevenKeeryAt least he won't be voting for diaper don.
This is great! Been watching your videos since you started! You have the best KZhead channel on KZhead in my opinion! Thank you so much for the amazing content
"The best KZhead channel"would have sufficed
@@craigoliver8712 I’ll drink to that
My father was stationed at Jacksonville Florida flying PBY Catalina’s on Uboat patrol from 1942 to 1945. His patrol area was the Bermuda Triangle and knew one of the pilots in the lost squadron of planes never heard from again.
I flew my airplane into Treasure Key , Abaco Island and stayed at the Treasure Key resort. The owner , a U-boat Captain, had first viewed the beach from the periscope of his u- boat and vowed to live there if he survived the war. It's interesting that your father may have come close to catching him.
Mark's content is always brilliantly narrated and genuinely interesting
Love the music too, reminds me of world at war
I once ran into hardegen at a hotel in Laboe, near Kiel, where the german naval memorial an d U-995 are located. As far as i remember there was a uboat veterans reunion at that very hotel we where staying. I did not talk to him or anything... still an existing memory. Happened some time in the early 2000s
It's amazing how close some of the speculated attacks came. Especially the ones so late in the war.
To quote Rick in Casablanca, "There are some parts of New York I wouldn't recommend trying to invade."
Thanks again, Mark, for yet another fine video. I continue to be impressed by the scope of your research and your logical presentation of the facts as we know them (sometimes, "I don't know" is one of the most credible statements a historian can make - speculation without facts doesn't advance our understanding of the past). You're setting bar fairly high, but there are also many channels doing the same and I am grateful to all of you who an honest job of educating us about an important period in history.
This is terrific stuff! I devour U-Boat related history and personalities. Every time U-Boats are discussed in detail, I am all in. Thank you for the work you put in to research and production for these. These U-Boats…cool AF! Fell in love as a teen touring the dry-docked U-505. Named my van U-96: Saruvan. Even have my little laughing sawfish emblazoned under the driver window. I am now determined to get to the other remaining boats. First, off to the USS Pampanito, right here in town. Keep up the great work!
My mouth is STILL hanging open! Wow! I love it!
Fascinating stuff, I never knew the Italians operated submarines in the Atlantic from France.
It’s morning here. A Felton video is better to wake up to than coffee -and I LIVE for coffee .
Thank you Dr. Felton for another brilliant video. This one touches close to home here in Nova Scotia. My father and grandfather worked in the shipyards in Halifax during the war. My father told me stories about the convoys gathered in Bedford Basin getting ready to sail to England. Both my grandfather and father were welders who often worked on these ships doing repairs after German torpedo damage. Sometimes a ship would leave Halifax harbour after repairs and get hit just off the coast. My grandfather died tragically in 1943 when the workboat he was on heading out to a convoy was hit by a Norwegian freighter leaving the harbour. The boat capsized and 19 men drowned. There were many rumours of German sailors coming ashore here in the Maritimes and of course, a great number of ships were sunk in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The most tragic story is the sinking of the SS Caribou -- the Newfoundland ferry with the loss of 137 lives on October 14, 1942 between Cape Breton and Newfoundland.
Prior to ICBM's, here in the mainland U.S. we had the luxury of 2 oceans as our best defense. Yet, the submariners of both Germany and Japan were able to make the incredibly long and dangerous and attack various targets. I have to believe that the journey in a submarine took longer than an actual ship. After all,a submarine isn't a speedboat. I do not like that any of this happened, but I do respect the bravery of the men who done it. Thanks again Dr. Felton. I especially enjoy the longer episodes. Cheers from the States.
The Germans developed the ICBM first. These were two-stage rockets.
Dr Felton, thank you so much for the longer-format videos! Wonderful as always!
Mark is truly The best history teacher ! Thanks so much sir .
Great video. Grew up similar to what Mark Felton shared. Had family and neighbors who all served in WWII. Thank you!
A Mark Felton long form video on a Saturday. Awesome weekend treat!
Amazing stuff. Thank you as always, Dr. Felton.
Another fantastic video from Dr. Felton. Thank you!
An absolute masterclass of story-telling. Riveting and well researched as ever. Thanks MF 👏🏻
Mr. Felton always delivers…
This was perfect for my Saturday afternoon! Cheers, Mark!
Another great episode. This reminds me of the U-Boat encounter with the famous Canadian vessel, Bluenose. This was at one time, the fastest boat on the ocean. It is the image on the Canadian 10 cent piece. Anyway, since retirement, Bluenose was used as a freight boat in the Caribbean. A U-Boat surfaced, approached Bluenose and in perfect English, asked if she was indeed Bluenose. After affirming this, the U-Boat Commander said there was no way they would ever sink such an iconic ship an allowed them to continue to Haiti where Bluenose subsequently hit some rocks and sunk.
Youve done it again, Felton. Stupendous. Turned my day around with this upload. 🐐
A fascinating part of the war that I only know a few things about. Thanks Dr Felton
Thanks for. Another video Dr Mark. I find myself watching your entire video base
Extraordinary video! Thanks again, Mark.
I don't know what to say. Your channel is a beacon of light in the field of historical research. I'm simply blown away. Being a simple amateur myself, you really shine a light on things I simply have no time to figure out by myself. 👍
I knew the German American Bund had recruitment camps in upstate New York, but I never knew about this story. This is utterly fascinating!
There are always parts of populations willing to be traitors.
Indeed
My granddad's brother was in the merchant marines during ww2. After transiting the panama canal they would put down anti torpedo nets and wait for the rest of the convoy. One day they went to pull up the nets and found 4 torpedos. It really bothered him. He got leave for a couple days when they hit port. He jumped on a train and went home. His dad turned him around and got back on the train with him so he wouldn't end up AWOL. He made it back late, but they took it easy on him and he got back on the boat. He was barely 18 and that was the last time he saw his dad.
Did the father die while the son was serving in WWII, or was the young merchant marine killed in the war??
May God bless your family.
@@lemorab1 so many possibilities, so little answers
I would guess his dad passed away.
Great grandpa died while 4 of his sons served in ww2. My granddad was the 6th son. All four of his older brothers survived the war. The oldest was in the 101st airborne. The second was on the USS Sitkoh Bay (part of taffy 3). The third brother was on a destroyer escort. It was damaged in a battle. He finished the war in Australia, while repairing the ship. The fourth was in the merchant marines, as I said. Granddad went into the Navy and served aboard subs during and after the Korean War. He served aboard the USS Requin. It is now a museum ship in Pittsburgh. Lots of brave men, those guys were built different.
One of the best WW2 documentaries I've seen yet. Thanks!
Thank you Dr Felton, again!
i am loving the longer vids immensely!
Excellent and interesting presentation.
An incredible production as usual, good sir. Well done!
Excellent video. Thank you sir.
My good Doctor. I have chores to do in the house.... But now I need to watch this first!!!!
An interesting note, a few years ago, a few German sea mines came ashore at the old coast guard station, dating to WWII, in Salem MA. So it is possible the Germans were quite close, than previously thought.
Mr Felton... Your work is absolutely fascinating. Don’t stop spreading historical knowledge. Many thanks from upstate, New York. Cheers 🍻.
This channel has the best introduction, second to none!
And to the point!
My father's dad had a boat in Northern New Jersey across from New York, and as a young boy he would go out with his family in the afternoon. As evening approached they would see near the horizon the boats that would form the caravans form up. Sometimes they would see explosions near those ships as uboats would try to pick off the stragglers. As a very young child he really had no idea the magnitude of the conflict he was seeing the fringes of as his father tried to explain it as a German American. Though that side of the family came over in the mid to later 1800s, but there was still some cultural stratification a hundred years later. He has been bullied as a child an even pushed through a plate glass window by other children since he was seen a dirty kraft. So I imagine him seeing the uboat attacks as I saw the Vietnam War on the TV, seeing our country was embroiled in a conflict far away, intuiting that it was a bigger deal that I was being told it was.
That reminds me of another German-American family which stood back from both of those wars as neutral Swedes. Except for Dr John, of course, who crossed the Atlantic to help as a scientist.
The perceived "cultural stratification" you speak of, was actually due to WWI. But German-Americans were very well integrated into American life.
I was just getting ready to cut grass..and this poped up..hreat timing
Better to cut grass late in the afternoon, this gives the grass all night to come out of shock. The hot sun ☀️ hurts shocked grass…
Love the longer videos mark! Always great quality content. Thanks!
Great video! I love hearing about the actual and aspirational Axis attempts to attack the lower 48 of the US. Dr. Felton, you mentioned U-156’s attack on Cape Cod in 1918. I hope you do a video on the u-boat campaign off America in 1918 too! I wrote a book about it in 2017 titled The Kaiser’s Lost Kreuzer. If Dr. Felton takes the story on I know he would do it great justice!! Outstanding research and production are his hallmarks!
8:27 Verrazano Narrows bridge wasn't built until the 1960s. Glad to hear Hardegen lived a long and successful life post war (105 years!), unlike so many other U Boat crews who died so young.
Why, he slaughtered innocent people as an aggressor.
He wasn’t on trial in Nuremberg. I’m sorry your racism cannot get past someone’s nationality.
I'm amazed at the longevity of these WW2 soldiers on both sides. Either God rewarded them or He was punishing them with a long life of bad memories... I'm so in awe of all of those brave, brave men.
@@smokeykitty6023 yes indeed, number of times Dr. Felton says "was sunk with all hands" is so sad. The Kriegsmarine referred to the fallen with the phrase "remained at sea."
Also Hardegen said he never went past the Narrows. Take a look a a map. You can see lower or mid-Mahattan unless you do. It's out of the line of sight.
Interestingly, Gimpel and Colepaugh both stood trial before a military commission, where they were accused and convicted of conspiracy and violating the 82nd Article of War. Both were sentenced to death via hanging with an execution date set for April 15, 1945. However, President Franklin D. Roosevelt would die 3 days earlier, and due to a custom to not perform executions during a state mourning period, their executions were delayed and President Harry S Truman commuted their sentences to life. Gimpel would be sent to Alcatraz, where he notably played chess with one Machine Gun Kelly. He would be paroled in 1955 and returned to West Germany. He lived until the age of 100, dying in 2010. Colepaugh’s life sentence was further commuted from life to 30 years in 1952; he was paroled in 1960. He moved to King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. He lived there until his passing on March 16, 2005, 9 days short of his 87th birthday, of complications from Alzheimer’s.
That's fascinating stuff, a.g.! Thanks for sharing!
Interesting 🤔
Another fabulous piece of research for stories not so well known. As usual, great details!
Well done Dr Felton . Impressive documentary
Would be so interesting with a long, informational documentary about Werner Von Braun alone, with how and who and what everyone did to bring the scientist to the point where he could appear on the Disney Show in USA talking about "I aim for the Stars", while people joked about "But sometimes I hit London".
I always learn from Mark. Amazing information Dr. Felton! Thank you.
Always fascinating. These little snippets are always very interesting.
My uncle served during the war, and afterwards on a minesweeper, told of recovering a German mine in New York harbor on Christmas morning 1949.
Interesting 🤔
Whoa! 15 minutes ago! Been waiting for a Mark Felton video!
thanka for the upload doc
You know it's going to be a good day when there's a new video from Dr. Felton!
I was born on the west coast of Florida, and I remember seeing a U-boat that washed ashore. Pretty wild.
Where and when? Post a link?
@@paulzammataro7185 I believe it was U-166, just off Egmont Key, near St. Petersburg. It was a smaller 2-man sub, I think. Knowing the tourism in Florida though, it could have been a replica. I was a kid - so my memory is fuzzy.
@@woahhbro2906U-166 was a large U-Boat and was sunk in the Gulf, likely by a PT boat. The wreck remains where the action was fought, it never washed ashore.
A drug-smuggling submarine wreck washed ashore in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 2015. This is perhaps what he remembered.
@@joebombero1 Sampling the cargo?
I always thought that the blackouts were a waste of effort in the US until I read about Operation Drumbeat.
The importance of black outs even made into a bugs bunny cartoon.
How interesting. I can always learn something new from Mark's videos.
Great post, thank you.
7:55 interesting stuff mark!!!
🎖️🏆🤗🧡💪 Thank you for sharing this
Excellent work. As usual 👍
Dr felton..... well researched & well narrated....your voice is a natural fit for channel....very professional.
Thanks!
That holster Borghese is wearing at 19:32 has to be the most diabolical contraption from a quick draw point of view I've ever seen.
I think it was more for Look How-Big-And-Shiny-Mine-Is posing than practical use ...😉
@@alfnoakes392 Did you notice he's carrying a Walther P-38 rather than a Berretta?
@@JFDA5458 Nope, not into guns per se.
Great video as always !
I went to a local beach yesterday and I took a copy of the Sea Devils with me to read. The first two thirds of that were great. But the last third...wow. Once that mission got going I couldn't put it down for a moment. The drama. The tension. The desperate desire to find how it would end out. I had it know. I had to put it down with forty pages to go otherwise would have missed my bus home. And as a result didn't get time to finish it till this afternoon. Which was a torturous wait. What a great read.
I’m sorry Dr. Felton but I believe Salazar was not a general. He was a college professor and minister of finance before becoming dictator as the president of the council of ministers. But he had no military rank. All the best to everyone
You know you've watched too many WW2 videos when you see the map at 3:00 and think "those U-Boats must have been launched at the Keromen base near Lorient."
Incredible story, this is going in my 'saved' list
I learned more here about WWII history than I EVER did from High School handouts.
Uboats attacked shipping the Gulf of St Lawrence. Canada had anti sub trains with artillery designed to shell surfaced uboats.
The worst casualty of the Battle of the St Lawrence was a Newfoundland Railway ferry, the SS Caribou. Torpedoed by U-69 just before 4:00 AM on October 14, 1942, she sank in only about 5 minutes with 137 fatalities. The armoured train was supposed to be used along the Skeena river in northwestern British Columbia to guard against Japanese attacks, but I'm not sure if it was ever put into service.
Great topic, Professor Felton. Here is an excerpt from the 11 December 1941 Joint Resolution of the U.S. Congress declaring war on Germany: "Whereas the Government of Germany has formally declared war against the Government and the people of the United States of America: Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Government of Germany which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and the President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Government of Germany; and, to bring the conflict to a successful termination, all of the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States."
Don't try to make out the US declared war on Germany, as if it was some noble gesture. They didn't, it was the Germans who stupidly declared war on the US, and the US had to accept it.
Churchill was so happy he plotzed his pants.
@@bobbylee2853Well Britain+ Commonwealth were fighting for democracy, probably thought it was time U.S "put its money where its mouth is" apparently they are meant to believe in the concept,still took Japan+Germany to declare war on U.S though
Stirring words.
Well done Mark, great research