The rise of the Ottoman Empire - Mostafa Minawi
Explore the early days of the Ottoman Empire, as shrewd political rulers grew the principality into an intercontinental empire.
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In the late 13th century, Osman I established a small principality sandwiched between a crumbling Byzantine Empire and a weakened Sultanate of the Seljuk of Rum, in what is now Turkey. In just a few generations, this territory had outmaneuvered more powerful neighbors to become the vast Ottoman Empire. What enabled its rapid rise? Mostafa Minawi details the early days of the Ottomans.
Lesson by Mostafa Minawi, directed by Kozmonot Animation Studio.
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Sultan Mehmed II, 21 year old:- captured Constantinople Me, 25 year old:- watching TED Ed
To be fair, he was royalty. Don't beat yourself up.
@@sobitasadullah4517 how many 21 year olds have Mehmet’s qualities in today’s age?
@@happylifewithziba we don't live in a world that values or develops the Mehmeds of today, so we don't really see the same amount of great people as we did in the past.
@@sobitasadullah4517 oh interestingly knowing and reading 8 foreign languages (excluding Turkish) is not s today’s academic quality then! Thanks for enlightening me!!
Sorry buy youre not a ottoman sultan:(
The fact that the animation style looks like the old ottoman styled art is just brilliant!
We call it miniature craft :)
@@aysegulozdemir7938 true
+1
I agree!
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤮
Byzantines: "No one can move their ships over land." Ottomans: "Observe."
The ancient Greeks did this though already 2500 years ago, f.e. in Isthmus of Corinth.
The Vikings : Hold my mead.
@@roothik thanks for the info. i did not know this
@Ghost Ghost No, at least not in Isthmus. It's a partly hilly area though.
Ironically the Byzantines used this move against the Seljuk Turks in the 1st Crusade.
The art and animation in this video is just incredible!
Damn never thought I would see you here I love your channel keep it up
Ted Ed makes great history videos.
Animation is so smooth
Tru
BASED
When I was in High School studying World History, one of my favorite topics was the history of the Ottoman Empire. Thanks, TED-ED for reminding me why I love this period in World History.
If you don't mind me asking: Why was it your favourite topic? I am just curious.
@@chyren_ran I was first curious about how it endured into the 20th century. So I researched about it--even more than what is required reading in High School. Through my research I learned how it became a melting pot of cultures--how it influenced the culture of present-day Turkey and Eastern Europe.
Are you serious 😂
@@JaybeePenaflor Thanks for answering! History is great to learn!
@@JaybeePenaflor it couldn't endure the 20th century :) Sometimes European dynasties helped Ottomans against each other, maybe that could have helped them.
Nobody : Ottman Empire: Plays chess to gain territory
The Second Commander: Sadly i got checkmate :(
@@judicatorhurayth1927 lol 🤣
Well chess IS a great strategy game
Mehmed the conqueror: Im gonna do what's called a pro gamer move -Uses outside of the board to checkmate.
İs this a real story or a joke about video ?
Ships : we cant walk Mehmed 2 : hold my ayran
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
we can’t walk*
Isn’t this too simple a drink for a king?
@@AltsekBUL But not for a emperor.
@@ksei3 it's a peasant's drink, both for an emperor or a king, no?
"One of the capital city's great buildings was Hagia Sophia has been a church, a mosque, a museum and its still used as a political chess piece to this day." You guys are damn right about that.
Hello from America
Well it is officially a mosque now but I think it is a good idea If the Turks still keep some historic or Christian parts of the Hagia Sophia.
@@dukeofwellington8898 i dont expect you to understand if you are not Turkish, you may not understand it even if u r Turkish tho :D. Its something political as it was said.
@@dukeofwellington8898 I think they should either make it a church and build a mosque next to it to satisfy everyone or if they are some greedy asshats just make it a museum
Hagia Sophia? You mean Infested Command Center?
Ottomans were using ADVANCED CHESS™ to expand their territories, epic.
İ am gonna do whats called a pro gamers move pal
you mean divide and conquer?
Meaning?
@@ashokafulcrum4795 Who did they divide
@@kalajari1749 the Orthodox church.
I love the animation! It kinda looks like a stained glass
Plus. Made out of ancient paper
Yea I love the animation too, it's style looks like ''Minyatür'' art.
Ok
It's drawn with the minyatür art style!!
The Ottoman miniatures
So, what they're saying is Istanbul was Constantinople, now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople. So if I have date in Constantinople, she'll be waiting in Instanbul.
Even old new york was new amsterdam Why they changed it I can't say
@@happypieces8395 I believe Atatürk died in 1938 while the song was released in 1953.
@@xenograd4422 yeah ataturk had a better idea than a song. He just didnt accept letters that say consantanople if you were a foreigner and didnt write istanbul as the mailing address your letter would go straight into dumpster. And that worked lol
@@xenograd4422 The English used bigger gun diplomacy (aka the Navy) with the Dutch in 1664. The Dutch would had fought, but no one in New Amsterdam liked the Dutch leader. The English named it after the Duke of York who organised the operation.
@@docvideo93 no, the answer was people just liked it better that way but ok :]
Ted Ed's animation always hits different
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
Non-Muslims were not allowed in the army. Due to this, non-Muslim families lived longer than Muslims'. I don't believe that it was a *strict* rule. It was a necessary rule for both parties(Muslims and non-Muslims). In those times, religion was the persona of the people. Not race nor nationality were that powerful. Due to this fact, there had to be some rules to prevent non-Muslims from rioting or betraying. Other side of the coin, non-Muslims weren't dying in wars and they were only paying an extra tax for not fighting. Both parties were happy for a long time until Nationalism Movement started with the French Revolution. Note: Most of the revolts in Ottoman Empire were not due to religious difference, but due to conflict between Islam branches(mostly Alevism and Sunni).
Thanks God, im not the only person who exactly thinks in the same way
imagine you are paying a tax because you are muslim in non muslim country.. what riots will happen then 🤷♂️
@@shallnark778 Those were medieval times Ottoman empire started before the year 1300 I believe. In those time all empires were barbaric. It was later reformed and Christians became equal in the empire
@@shallnark778 yes, muslims pay tax to various non-muslim government.
@@user-qv5cs4lc9t not the point of his comment. i can see how can be "lost in translation". believe he ment a tax on non-muslims just beacuse they are muslims - descrimination and racism.
Meanwhile in Europa 4: *Ottoman America*
Don't forget Ottoman Australia and Indonesia!
@@blaz2892 you mean Mamluk Australia
@@stabbystab8363 That too. And don't forget Mamluk Hawaii!
Also, don't forget Ottoman Raj!
Nah, the Ottomans are no match for the great Ulm
Actually, Muslims had a mandatory 'tax' of their own which was sometimes much higher than jizya depending on the economy. It was - is - a religious obligation, which is why non-Muslims had a different one.
Its called Zakaat. An obligation for every muslim to give a percent of their wealth to the poor based on the value of silver/gold per 21 ounce. Therefore ,if your wealth is under this amount , you don't pay it, if above you pay. A social justice as they say. I will keep saying , what you see on the media IS NOT ISLAM ! 🙂♥️
Non-Muslims who paid the jizya were also exempt from military service.
@@alchemist2048: I know - that _is_ what I said.
Cometmoon448 Yes, but because they were not allowed to join the military even by choice, it limited their social mobility significantly.
@@emmazig: Joining the military was hardly the only way to climb up the social ladder in a society where craftmanship, the arts and scholarly pursuits were prized fields. I'm not saying it was a good thing to keep non-Muslims from joining the military, but it _was_ a way to ensure the least amount of spying and betraying. It also kept people of the same faiths from facing each other on the battlefields. And you can hardly say there weren't _any_ in the military - it varied from area to area. But to be kept safe by the state for a small fee doesn't sound too bad considering what some other people did to the lands they conquered.
About the Hungarian Engineer, He was actually an iron casting master. Mehmed engineered the cannons himself.
Pretty sure Urban was the engineer behind the cannons and not Mehmed.
You are right.
@@mrchocolatebean8878 Actually Mehmed knew how to make cannons and he made plans of cannon with the engineer
If I remember correctly, the Hungarian engineer’s name is Urban II, right?
@@judekanawati7467 no ,Saladin
I was literally reading about the Ottomans and this video appeared in my notification.
Google Data Privacy is a joke😂
Me too!
@@najeebkhan5448 while that is probably true I think this one was a coincidence
Watch ertugrul
@@najeebkhan5448 This is their most recent upload. The guy who commented must've followed this channel. Don't think data privacy thing applies here
The animation of this video is priceless, simple, and adequate.
They made it so it resembled "minyatür", a kind of art famous back in Ottoman days!
Oops- I just realized you were talking about the animation, not the art itself!! Sorry about that, haha
@@berry.x9388 The fact that the animation was from minyatür (I did not know the name) is astonishing well fitted. Sorry, I wanted to refer to both the animation and the art.
0:48 "Attracting mercenaries first with the promise of Booty' Sounds reasonable
"...treasure" - CGP Grey
That's how Constantinople was sacked by Crusaders
This video is really impressive, especially the animations. I’d also like to add the fact that Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conquerer) was a genius inventor/ engineer as well as a leader and actually designed the cannon himself in order to take down the Byzantine walls around Constantinople
Wasnt it a hungarian engineer or something? Something well documented? I swear the brainwashing of turks is impressive
@@jpb2366 Well, thats like saying that Elon Musks success is based of work of his genious employees. Yes, to some extend but ultimate idea, brain of the whole operation is the leader. Id say the one brainwashed here is you. And I am not even Turk nor arab nor anything of such kind
@@yenisketches6047 Why would i be brainwashed lol? I just learn history and with time you know that Turks and other high nationalist culture exaggerate or lie about what really happened. And your example is wrong, its like saying the mayor of Paris built the Eiffel Tower and not..Gustave Eiffel. Or the Pope made the various Arts in the Vatican not Michealangeo. That cannon was absolutely unique for that era and could only be made by a rare engineer. Not a politican and war leader.. ALL HAIL GLORIOUS LEADER HE CAN DO ANYTHING. Haha it's so ridiculous.. But that is obvious except by those that are actually brainwashed or emotional about the situation. Like why do you wanna defend the lies of Turks here? What is your emotional stake in it? You are muslim? You love Mehmet? You hate Europeans? You want to defend anyone attacked? What is it?
@@jpb2366 I am actually a person who is highly educated. I like truth. I am not taking any credit away from the engineer. But if I didnt read endless historical literature on this, maybe I would even believe what you’re saying. If you actually read about the process they took to make that canon, the idea that Fatih gave to the engineer, then how engineer brilliantly made it happen. I am not saying that he was an engineer. But you need to have a person who gets the idea, the plan, who has a rough vision of how to execute it, how to navigate political waves to not disturb the plan, and those technicalities are something that subjects do. His father had all those resources avaliable as well, there were genious engineers avaliable in his fathers time, too. But guess what. His father and those who came before were not as brilliant as he was to execute the plan. You saying “the brainwashing of the turks is impressive” is like saying that its impressive how Europeans talk about roman empire, as if it was a magnifican empire to rule for many years. Its very obvious that youre the one who is brainwashed and biased. I am just not sure whats the cause of that biasness 🤷🏻♀️
@@jpb2366 Alexander the great once build a huge bridge in order to conquer an island. You can easily find the story on the internet. can we say ''alexander didnt build the bridge, x person did!'' ? Of course we can't. but the possessor of the idea of building a huge bridge via ships, is alexander. Even more of it, Mehmed was an engineer to a certain level. So he designed the cannons, found a capable war machine engineer and metallurgist which is Urban, the hungarian engineer mentioned in video, built the cannons and finally fire them upon byzantines. How we could know such a thing, like how we can be ensure about Mehmed being an engineer and designed the cannons ? We have the drawings of Mehmed. Both cannons and other things. Simple.
This video has taught me more than my teachers in the last 4 years.
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
Maybe you're terrible student.
@@jokubass4718 or maybe the teacher is just a terrible teacher that cant teach properly at all .
Really? Cause it skips a good bit especially near its end when they started a genocide against the Albanians during WWI.
@@gimpytheimp why is there always someone talking about a genocide no one cares about under Turkish videos lmao
1:05 “tHatS NoT HOw chESs WOrks”
😂
one of my favorite moments from Ottoman Empire is that Mehmed the Conqueror and his father’s, Murad the 2nd’s “beef”. Murad II abdicated the throne to his 12-year-old son Mehmed II. During his first reign, Mehmed II asked his father Murad II to reclaim the throne in anticipation of the Battle of Varna, but Murad II refused. Enraged at his father, who had long since retired to a contemplative life in southwestern Anatolia, Mehmed II wrote: "If you are the Sultan, come and lead your armies. If I am the Sultan I hereby order you to come and lead my armies." And i think it was the smartest, coolest move in the history.
He was a badass
@@Atilla33 terbiyesizlik yapma ya terbiyesiz adam :D
The father could have easily retorted with "I am the Sultan, I command you to lead my armies."
@@MKMT-bw8hc but during this time he wasn’t actually the sultan. so the son, the sultan, was the one who orders him, the father to lead the army
@@yaslandkbeevlat1148 i know the translation makes it sound like an insult, but it’s actually a Compliment, he’s saying that Mehmed is very cool
0:49 The Ottomans did not expand towards the East. They conquered the Aegean, the Balkans, and then Central Anatolia and Istanbul respectively. The conquest of Eastern Anatolia was much later. But thank you any way!
aynen öyle, evvel balkanların fethi başladı ardından anadoludaki fetihlerle devam etti
@@BeradBey Anadoludakine fetih denmez, dahil etme/ilhak denir, Fetih müslüman olmayan beldenin ele geçirilmesine denir, Anadolu zaten müslüman Türk beyliklerindeydi.
The best thing about this video was at 4:44 where almost all of the Ottoman Sultans animated portraits were displayed which to me were astonishingly accurate and greatly resembled the real portraits.
This animation reminds me of Walt Disney productions 😂😂..
Interesting history, thanks for video! Greeting to Turkey from Ruthenia (Ukraine)!
In fact, when Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror conquered Kostaniopolis, he did not change its name, the city was called Kostantiniyye, but in written agreements it was written as Payitaht (City of Thrones). After Turkey became a republic, the name of the city was changed to Istanbul. There are three obvious reasons why the name of the city has not been changed; the first is that the Prophet Muhammad called the city Konstantiniyye. The second is that the Ottoman Empire did not change the name of the cities due to its "Tolerance Policy" (to gain their loyalty by treating non-Muslims well). Finally, the third is that the Ottomans considered Constantine the Great a saint for accepting Christianity and revered him with great respect.
Also the ottomans called themselves Romans they saw themselves as a continuation to the empire
LoL its not @@lucyadam9128
@@lucyadam9128when did the ottomans call themselves roman ?
@@jgb7480Ottomans called themselfs "Kayser-i-Rûm" after capturing konstantiniyye (Istanbul) Ottomans are also known as third rome
@@OneTwo_1028 Nobody calls the ottomans as the "third rome". 1. Because a second rome never existed 2. Because the ottomans have nothing to do with the romans Just because some claimed to be, doesn't make them
Good to see an unbiased video without corrupting history and spreading false information about my nation. Thank you TED-Ed!
Might have been corrupted but how would we know
This is basically Ertugul Ghazi's offspring's stories (Osman I is his son) and how they really shaped how life is today for us. I love it so much this video was very great and informative. I love the way they styled the drawings to make them look almost ancient❤🇹🇷
One correction is that the Ottoman rulers referred to Istanbul as "Kostantiniyye" officially until 1923. End of the Empire.
I believe that the destinction between those two names is that the city's official formal name was Constantinople up until the 1920s, when the vernacular name became official. Comparable to how the official name of Greece is the Hellenic Republic, used only in formal contexts.
@@kenster8270 informally it's still Hellas, so there's not much difference in this case. Likewise, the name change of Constantinople to Istanbul is different phonetically, despite both words having the same roots.
“Be a lamp, or a lifeboat, or a ladder. Help someone’s soul and heart heal. Walk out of your house like a shepherd.” Rumi
Very good little video. As a nerd for Ottoman and Byzantine history, thought this was a great cold look without touching into flashpoint statements.
I just started reading Orhan Pamuk's "My name is Red". I'm fascinated by everything to do with the Ottoman empire, particularly miniaturist painting. Thanks for the timely upload, TED-Ed!
Incredibly well-done animation, congratulations on this masterpiece
Great video. Two corrections: 1.The name Constantinople was changed by Ataturk during 1930s, Ottomans called the city "Konstantiniyye", Arabic version of Constantinople. 2. After Bayezid the First, his son Mehmed Celebi reverted the situation and ended the interregnum period.
1453 the fall of Constantinople also led to a whole new chapter in Europe - The Renaissance
THE COMMENT I WAS LOOKING FOR!
And thus, the quest to get cheaper spices begun
Yes, because the Greek Philosophers escaping from Contantinopolis went to Florence and brought there the greek philosophers. In Contanstinopolis in the contrary begun the dark times which lasted 400 years. Europe experienced the Enlightment, had Poets, Painters, Musicians, and the Culture florished, - In the Places where this barbarian regime was - in Greece - nothing evolved, they kept them as animals and tortured them. Its a shame that TED creates Ottoman Propaganda in this Year #Hellas2021 200 YEARS after the liberation from the ottoman chains.
@@HelenJoannides I read that in the days of 1940's the Greeks were also thinking to capture Constantinople/Istanbul after they gained their independence. I think the Greeks always had tensed relations with the Turks. For example the great exchange that happened between Smyrna/ Izmir and Salonika in the 1900's if you know what I mean.
@@aaryapurii3584 You have no idea about history, that's why please begin to read books. Do you understand that it was a liberation procedure from a foreign occupation power? something like English in India or French in Algeria or Russians in Poland? Ionia, Anatolia, PONTOS (where my grandparents used to live) WAS GREEK! the nationalists slaughtered them or turkisize them. They needed to leave their over 3000 years old homeland, and now we are homeless, and they live their false DREAM of a barbaric empire. Have you heard something about the Armenia- or Greek- GENOCIDE? no? so shut up! Saying that GREEKS HAVE TENSIONS WITH TURKISH PEOPLE! Everybody has... Kurds, Armenians, greeks, assyrians and even the same turks if they are not Neo-Ottomans!
I love how every single Ted-ed video has a different kind of animation and Ambience in general. Fresh and vivid.
I loved it. Thank you TED-ED, love from turkey
Honestly the music that plays for the background is so amazing
I demand a Timur episode with this art style
Ted-ed publishes a vid about the Ottoman Empire: *Turkish people entered the chat*
You mean like me?
completely normal phenomenon
turks are a great people, and some of the most beautiful in the world
@@oussamat612 Not all of them
@@adaroez indeed not, but all of the countries have some bad people.
I looove the animation! The graphic is super cool. I wish you have more episodes of Ottoman. Would love to binge watching the series
Brilliant animation,accurate content even comment section is civil. Good work!
I eagerly wait for every Ted-ed upload :) 🖤
I have this topic in my 7th grade History syllabus, this video is really helpful and is more easier and understandable than the content written in my book!
Always wanted to know about ottoman empire.... Thanks TED ED😍
Yesss I've been waiting for this!!
Yo maan. Its dawwg maan. The animations got me real good boy! Amazing artist.
In love with this specific era
GREAT work from TED ED
I watch this 6 times in 3 days, and this video still great. The Best for me...
Better run when you hear ceddin deden outside the walls of constantinople.
asdfgh
lol
Lol
or just stay put, it seems to work out 9 out of 10 times:)
geniusly !
Perfect timing I just gotten interested in the subject. Turkish history is amazing
For a long time already, I was thinking of reading ottoman history. Thanks for making my life easy! 🤩
you go for it!
I can't get enough of these animations!
no mention about Sultan Suleiman-The Magnificent!
this video was about the rise not the peak
@@abdullahusman4056 Yes. Though Ottoman Empire was at its height in 1683. Then it began its slow decline.
He is too many hareem
Suleiman received a full treasury from his father Selim and delivered an empty one after a life of wars.
The artwork is fantastic this is how the middle east used to draw it's historical events and this is how most of the ottoman sultans were drawn, fantastic choice👍👍
middle east is a colonial term. use western asia
It is a great video tbh. When it comes to Ottomans, people usually does one sided arguments. This is really really accurate.
i fell in love with animation!! thanks from Turkey
THE MUSIC. THE ANIMATION. SPECTACULAR👏👏👏
lil' fun fact: Mehmet II called himself "Kayser-i Rum", or Caesar of Rome. He wanted everybody to see the Ottomans as the continuation of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.
last time i was this early baghdad is still standing
That really hurts
Ye
Terrible timing For context, 2 suicide bombers blew up in Baghdad today killing 28 people.
Horrible timing mate
Woah.. after today.. am ill fated comment.
The animations was so great. I loved the animations.
The animation is enchanting!!
for those like me who have a history test tommrow, make a quizlet flashcard set, put in important queshtions you think your teacher will put on it.
3:04 look at him bounces!! this is some top tier animations!
Amazing animation as always!
Very informative!!! We keep on learning 💪🏼💪🏼👍🏼👍🏼
TED-Ed is always one of the best
The animation is so beautiful. Please do a video on a day in the life of an ottoman concubine.
the ppl who all work on this are amazing. damn (I should probably start doing something with my life)
Thanks for expanding my knowledge.
The last time I was this early, the Ottoman Empire was at its peak of power.
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
2:52 haha you even included the chains that were used to block ottoman ships from the Bosporous,great attention to detail .
I love this channel and its comment section
Very well explained, hats off to you.
My dream is for Ted Ed to notice me I love their work
Thx from Turkey😍
Thanks Ted-ed 💛
love this channel
Nobody: Ottomans: 0:49 Mercenaries: You SOB, I'm in!
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
I'm crying, literally! The dedication which has been given into this artwork is truly amazing, especially it's about one of the nation which has been targeted the most via Western propoganda. The art style comprised of/admired by local Turkish paintings and it' 100% consistent. This is a such a pure historic video w/o any propagandic bs. Turks are deliberately shown guilty/bad because of many non-existent/exploited topics. I geniuniely thank you @TED-Ed.
istg ppl hate turks for some reason 😭 yet they come visit turkey for a holiday every year cjjcjv
@@promise2914 yes they do,fellow k-pop stan :-)
@@angela_011 omg hiii
@@promise2914 probably because you genocided the Armenians but refuse to acknowledge that it happened
@@TheSwagSociety Our governments have been calling on the governments of the European Union, the US government and the Armenian government to joint research for 50 years. Not only us, but everyone should open their historical sources, a history commission established by the United Nations should investigate this issue, and our governments have repeatedly stated that we will accept whatever the result is. But for some reason, neither the United States nor the European Union nor the Armenians accepted it. I WONDER WHY ah wait a minute the reason is obvious because it will turn out to be a lie Of course you Westerners are hypocrites in everything. I'm not really surprised When talking about events in Chios, you know how to say massacre. But when you talk about the Tripolitsa massacre, you say the siege of Tripolitsa. WHAT A HYPOCRİSY. You have other hypocrisies, for example, you call the Srebrenica Genocide a massacre But when it comes to the events of 1915, you say these events are genocide. My family is from the Morea Turks, they had to take shelter in Anatolia because of the massacres, you westerners never talk about these events, you hide the crimes against humanity you have committed. and you are trying to teach others about humanity, by what right are you talking about humanity? You are hypocrites who try to justify themselves under all circumstances. Fortunately the world no longer believes your lies and in two generations no one will care about you "The West is the greatest sin in history" Roger Garaudy. a western person saying this But if the dogmatic you see is an eastern Turk, she says "Light Comes from the West too" Ümit Meriç.
Your videos are mind blowing and amazing!!
nice video with awesome animation and a unbiased expression
Hii Everyone,I am new here! I am from India🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
The art style of this video definitely matches the theme & style of the Ottoman Empire. I’m guessing it’s inspired by Ottoman artworks, primarily portraits.
kzhead.info/sun/lsyKlrZlmqhpaIU/bejne.html
the animation style is gorgeous🥺🥺🥺
Most anticipated!
Keep giving more quotes in intro... I keep these quotes in my discord's status ;)
Ted Ed : **Uploads an Ottoman Empire video** Me : **happy noises**
I love how the art changes with each video
I gotta say that the animation is so great
3:05 such a cute strut 😊😊
Awww
Excellent animation and great, succinct summary of Turkish history.
@@lsdaukul2945 what?
@@lsdaukul2945 you mean the old Turkic history, hm?
Another excellent video. I wish I could link up with Ted-Ed as writer/researcher
great artwork brief but efficient explanation... thanks for the video.
Great video
"A whole empire based on putting your feet up?" - Jerry Seinfeld
What does that mean?
I love the animation so much!
I love the animation Ted Ed