The Absurd Search For Dark Matter
This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Astronomers think there should be 5 times as much dark matter as ordinary matter - a shadow universe that makes up most of the mass in the universe. But after decades of trying, no experiments have found any trace of dark matter - except one.
A massive thanks to the wonderful people at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Physics www.centredarkmatter.org for showing us around and being on camera - Fleur Morrison, A/Prof Phillip Urquijo, Prof Elisabetta Barberio, Madeleine Zurowski and Grace Lawrence.
Thanks to Leo Fincher-Johnson and everyone at the Stawell gold mine for having us.
Massive thanks to Prof. Geraint Lewis - Geraint has been Veritasium’s go-to expert for anything astrophysics and cosmology related. Please check out his website, and buy his books, they’re great - www.geraintflewis.com
Thanks to Prof. Timothy Tait for the help to make sure we got the science right.
Thanks to Ingo Berg for illustrating the effect of dark matter on the rotation of a galaxy beltoforion.de/en/spiral_gala...
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Galaxy cluster simulation from IllustrisTNG - www.tng-project.org
Venn Diagram of Dark Matter from Tim Tait - ve42.co/venn
The Bullet Cluster Image from Magellan, Hubble and Chandra telescopes - ve42.co/BC2
Bullet cluster animation from Andrew Robertson / Institute for Computational Cosmology / Durham University - ve42.co/BC3
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Bernabei, R., Belli, P., Cappella, F., Cerulli, R., Dai, C. J., d’Angelo, A., ... & Ye, Z. P. (2008). First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI. The European Physical Journal C, 56(3), 333-355. - ve42.co/DAMA2008
Zwicky, F. (1933). Die rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen nebeln. Helvetica physica acta, 6, 110-127. - ve42.co/Zwicky1
Zwicky, F. (1937). On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae. The Astrophysical Journal, 86, 217. - ve42.co/Zwicky2
Rubin, V. C., & Ford Jr, W. K. (1970). Rotation of the Andromeda nebula from a spectroscopic survey of emission regions. The Astrophysical Journal, 159, 379. - ve42.co/Rubin1
Bosma, A., & Van der Kruit, P. C. (1979). The local mass-to-light ratio in spiral galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 79, 281-286. - ve42.co/Bosma1
Milgrom, M. (1983). A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. The Astrophysical Journal, 270, 365-370. - ve42.co/mond1
Sanders, R. H., & McGaugh, S. S. (2002). Modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to dark matter. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 40(1), 263-317. - ve42.co/Mond2
M. Markevitch; A. H. Gonzalez; D. Clowe; A. Vikhlinin; L. David; W. Forman; C. Jones; S. Murray & W. Tucker (2004). "Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56". Astrophys. J. 606 (2): 819-824. - ve42.co/BC1
Great website about the CMB - background.uchicago.edu/~whu/i...
Galli, S., Iocco, F., Bertone, G., & Melchiorri, A. (2009). CMB constraints on dark matter models with large annihilation cross section. Physical Review D, 80(2), 023505. - ve42.co/CMB1
Antonello, M., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., ... & Xu, J. (2019). The SABRE project and the SABRE Proof-of-Principle. The European Physical Journal C, 79(4), 1-8. - ve42.co/SABRE1
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Inconcision, Kelly Snook, TTST, Ross McCawley, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Dmitry Kuzmichev, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Micah Mangione, MJP, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Clayton Greenwell, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
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Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animation by Ivy Tello and Mike Radjabov
Filmed by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Image
B-roll supplied by Stawell Gold Mine
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang
Had a good friend working for his PhD for the Italian side of the project. The material science is insane. They used copper from old sunken ships for a lot of the hardware, because it is way less contaminated with radiation. Super interesting projects and marvelous engineering
That's so cool!
It is steel that they use from the ships that were sunk before the nuclear tests, or any iron that was made before then.
You made me post my first youtube comment. Ever. ;) We use lead from sunken Roman ships. But that's super rare, so it's really only used in the CUORE experiment for some of the shielding, and for soldering stuff in some specialized applications, such as in CRESST. Old iron is too brittle. And copper can be made extremely clean using electrolysis (and even cleaner doing the electrolysis underground)
BOLLOCKS
Wow
"Anytime an astrophysicist puts the word dark in front of something it means we have no idea what we're talking about" -Neil DeGrasse Tyson
Well, in this case the word 'dark' is actually before something so 🤓☝
@@superplaylists1616 Well, you failed to take into account that it is actually immediately preceding so...
@@superplaylists1616 Because that NDGT joke was directly pertaining to dark matter..?
exactly
Lots of people didn't know what they were talking about until they did. Some guy on the Internet.
I am never not amazed at just how much Humans are able to find with nothing but just thinking.
I am not at all amazed at myself for my unremarkable reaction to comments like this.
Humanity is truly amazing :D
@@Idellphany Just wait until AI gets its turn !
Only way some things exist in the world.
Thinking, and then writing it down so other people can think about it as well.
Thanks for sharing this. I went to the mine site when they made the announcement of its first stage completion. They wouldn’t let me in though 🙂
this comment needs more likes!!!
🙂
tf 🫠
pinn
:(
The deeper you dive into physics and cosmology the freakier it gets.
And none of it matters at all....
@@bowhunter8532 Yeah, what use do we have for the knowledge of particles, we were completely happy with continuum. Electron? Useless... Neutron? What does it matter... Positron? That's clearly a made up particle...
Same goes for KZhead. ;)
@@bowhunter8532 *matters* (physics joke)
@@Kycilak Do you have Asperger's? Triggering you guys is too easy and hilarious.
"It may elude us, but at least we tried." The essence of science in one sentence!
a well and good but it doesnt condone all the damage done by falsi and the insane K0^id mandates/lockdowns. There wasnt a bit of science in that hokum, just exertion of command and control. period.
""" Our model of the universe can't be wrong. The evidence has to be wrong. """ Dark matter in a nutshell. Imagine talking about the essence of science in the meta of extreme cases of pseudoscience. Imagine saying the same when someone's experiment to find god failed. If there is no way to disprove something it has no place in science what so ever. Tell me how to disprove dark matter or accept that it is BS.
@@MegaBanne I don't particularly care if dark matter gets thrown out or not. If we can refine general relativity so dark matter becomes unnecessary to explain what we see, GOOD! We've got a better explanation than we do now. If one of these experiments actually pans out and finds the stuff, also good! More interesting things to investigate.
@@MegaBanne all models are wrong. Some are useful.
I would say the essence of science is learning. If we try, but don't learn, it's kinda pointless, right?
Just a little geographical correction: this laboratory is not in the Italian Alps, but in the appennine, under the "Gran Sasso" (literally "big stone"), the highest non alpine Italian mountain
Yeah I'm going to Alps soon so I wanted to find where it is but I couldn't find a trace of it being in the Alps anywhere in the internet. Such a blunder by Veritasium
@@mr.rabbit5642 Actually it's in the Dark Italian Alps. No surprise you didn't find it.
@@Kansoganix pretty sure they re called appennines
@@Kansoganix "..nobody have been yet able to find it" :D
Mount Etna is the highest non alpine Italian mountain
Great video Derek! I love how Geraint F. Lewis sums it up at the end. Thank you also for leaving the clips of how emotional scientists can be with their pet projects - good to remember.
It never stops to amaze me how one can build a detector for particles when we don't know what those particles are. It's like telling a person from the stone age to go and find metal.
Some stone ager did find metal, that is how the Copper Age began.
@@Foolish188 and that’s how the dark matter age of humanity will begin , dark tech ? 🤣
we know what to look for because dark matter interacts gravitationaly, which is a thing we can measure. it's like being blind but looking for the fire because it radiates heat.
More like telling a person from the stone age that they might get a shiny surface from heating up certain rocks hot enough. So long as they keep seeing rock after the fact, they will try to better insulate the rock or try to find other samples. When one finally melts, they may see a semi-shiny surface and assume, correctly, that they are close. They will likely then try to perfect smelting techniques to get a better finish/metal over time.
@@shukrantpatil I think they will just call it The Dark Age.😁
Here's to hoping we get a dark matter detection in our lifetime! Cheers
There's more chance for us to find inteligent life in our own solar system than to find dark matter.
@@xdorijanx9 and where does that come from ?
Don't hold your breath
@@dannyarcher6370 Oooh, now that's fascinating.
Why? What are you gonna do with it? Sell it on ebay?
This channel is just such a gift.
True
Real
Really loved this one, not only this being a question that has been haunting humanity for years but to see the excitement of the scientists in the field of study. I'm excited to see the result of the mirrored Dama/Libra! It might just indicate that they've been dectecting something else but the mere possibility that it will give similar results to its sister machine is life-changing.
Incredible video! Just a small detail: Gran Sasso (the mountain over DAMA/LIBRA) is not in the Italian Alps, but in another mountain range called the Apennines.
How did u even watch the video in 9 minutes?
Educational channel btw porcoddio
@@isagiyoichi5207 my brother in Christ, 2X does exist
@@GiulioPiccinno the greatest gift given to humankind
Anyway he says it in the first minute
"But at least we tried." What a great moment to end the video. That we may never discover the answer to some of our biggest questions, yet try anyway, is the core essence of scientific inquiry.
Its one hella cost research tho
@@cheezynachos9668 Quantum mechanics, nuclear physics, space faring, all measurable in percentage of Earth's gdp. But we got microchips, solar panels, CT / PET scans / MRI, satellite communications... We are a much better off civilization than early 20th century's. Imagine how DM can affect our lives regarding energy, propulsion and materials alone!
I liked that too. Cheers.
Ehh! He's a flip flop. Especially by discounting legitimate Dark Matter observations like random Gravitational Lensing. He doesn't even mention it. It's clearly something and isn't bound by a name. Whatever this stuff is if harnessed would make that hologram Jaws in Back to the Future 2 possible and completely replace VR and monitors. The possibilities are endless. Flying Cars would be made possible too and making heavy objects (like buildings) very light.
@@coreym162 Either you've just thrown up your alphabet soup or you've put too much trust in science fiction to tell you what dark matter is. Dark matter isn't theoretical negative matter.
So, a year down the road since this was posted now: have they been able to reach any sort of conclusion in Melbourne? Thanks for updating us, Derek.
They only started data collection in early 2023, so it's probably going to be a while before results are published. Moreover there are other experiments trying to replicate the DAMA/LIBRA results, and one from south korea (COSINE-100) managed to "in a way" replicate the results. I put this in quotation marks because with their initial data analysis method they got a null result (aka: they found no signal whatsoever) but then they took their data and analyzed it with the somewhat particular data analysis method DAMA/LIBRA used in their publications and "found" a signal as well. Problem: This COSINE-100 signal is almost the inverse (the phase is flipped) of the original DAMA/LIBRA signal, so this is no good news for the dark matter theory as it might be some other effect. Or even worse, the signal might have been induced by the data analysis method itself and be completely arbitrary (low frequency noise generated by the photo multiplier tubes that is not modeled/compensated correctly). For more info just google "An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA’s analysis method", the paper is freely available, short, and the non technical part relatively easy to understand
@christophmayer3991 Thanks for the updates!
@@christophmayer3991thanks so much for this!!
@@christophmayer3991thanks
@@christophmayer3991so multiple detectors have been unable to replicate the results of DAMA, and when you apply the data analysis technique that they used to this other data, the pattern appears, out of phase. Not looking good for the validity of DAMAs results.
Man, the quality of your content sets the bar and then some! Keep up the great work and congrats on the recent collaborations too!
I normally watch you on my phone. But yesterday I walk in our living room and there you are in big screen TV, my grandson watching & listening to your every word! That's when we found out we both followed you on KZhead! Your def multi-multi-gen, he's 11, I'm 63 - and we now watch together during his annual summer vacation with us! Great work! Priceless memories and conversations!
Wow! Great story!
Beautiful! My 4 year old daughter loves to watch "space videos" before bed and it's the best thing in the world.
I'm so happy for you and your grandson. You both have someone to share ideas and theories. I start sharing mine with people and they usually tune out or get bored. You're both blessed to have each other. Now, to the observatory! :)
I'm 75. Appeals to all, new brain or old.
This is so beautiful! I hope my daughters inherited my interest in anything (Astro)physics. In a few years I will know. And you and your grandson discovering this by accident is a great story.
"It may elude us. But at least we tried." And this statement alone should underpin everything we humans attempt in future. We learn more from our failures than we ever would with a success. Even knowing how something DOESN'T work is important. It closes off dead ends in learning and research. Every failure is important to learn from. Do not deride them, otherwise you avoid learning the real lessons.
Imagine that, scientists that aren't claiming they know everything... Big change from what we've been exposed to for the past 2 years...
@@Darkdaej It's almost as if the knowledge has been continuously advancing and modified to support the newest verified evidence and 'certain people' such as yourself refuse to see the reality and make blanket statements that only show how ignorant they are.
@@Darkdaej Scientific Integrity probably demands to inform yourself about the current wave of anti-science and lgbt-hate, I'd argue. As if Science-KZheadrs and Atheist-Channel werent alwready-and-anyway kinda closely similar, but now it's literally them who impose the issues dubbed 'Trumpism' and Extremism in general. Telltale Atheist informs/warns about LGBT-Issues, so?
@@Darkdaej I mean, LGBT are really endangered right-now thx to the Republicans. Even harmful Bills aside, Ben Shapiro is right-now doing a massive Misinformation-Campaign to bring Gay's and Trans-People back into the Closet.
@@loturzelrestaurant First...No they aren't. That statement is laughable. Second...kinda off topic, no?
Veritasium.. outstanding work. Really well explained and I truly can't help but respect the fact that you actually reference your sources in the description, instead of just saying "facts" which other channels seem to produce with no attempt at reference. Thank you and great work!
or simply put the detectors range is less then they realize and as the earth orbits around the sun earth gets close enough to detect dark matter well and then scan results drop off as we get further away from it
@@raven4k998 uhh?
@@CamFlies yeah I know our dark matter detectors have a limited range if that's the case or it could be a black hole and as the earths orbit brings it close to it that's setting the detectors off and they drop off as we orbit away from the hole during the year you know fun times
@@raven4k998 I fail to see the relevance of your comment to mine tho lol
@@raven4k998What does it have to do with the main comment ._.
This video was very informative and entertaining. I learned a lot about dark matter and the experiments that are trying to detect it. I especially liked the part where you explained how the SABRE project works and how it uses crystals to measure the recoil of atoms. The animations and visuals were also very helpful and engaging. Thank you for making this video and sharing your knowledge with us!.
"It may elude us, but at least we tried." That right there is what science is all about. Loved that quote.
Having evolved as sentient beings, in a universe where some things might never be detectable or provable, is the ultimate cosmic irony.
That's one of the great things about science: even if an experiment fails, it may still be a win because of the interesting data gathered in the process which in turn may lead to fascinating new discoveries. So the most important science quote isn't "Heureka!", but: "Hey, that's funny..." - because that's how _every_ expansion of knowledge begins. 🙂
ok
Luminiferous aether has eluded us for almost 200 years.
But when you are well and truly aware of the electric universe model, it is pretty much the dumbest statement ever.
Incredible video!
How do I take a screenshot on Windows 10? Plz help
@@iro4201 you are on youtube bruh, just search for it
@@iro4201 alt f4
@@iro4201 win+shift+s
I was supposed to be writing my articles for my Masters Degree classes rn. I've been watching videos all afternoon. This is probably my 20th video. It's 10PM and I wrote nothing. (*presses play button)
Whoever took those points on the original wave and connected that with to dark matter is a genius
Man, I just need to take a minute here. I’m physics graduate and at one time in my life, very recently actually, I used to want to be a scientist. When the time came around for me to choose my Masters, I chose to study Dark Matter. It was almost my whole life for nearly three years, but academia just wasn’t for me. Coupled with the pandemic, I quit for the sake of my mental health and am much happier now, but man. Hearing all the names of the experiments, of the physicists involved, the history and development of the theory… It takes me back you know? I still love physics, I still admired it and I still understand it. In a way, I miss it, but I don’t think I want to be a scientist. I’m happy just reading articles every now and then, remembering what I spent years studying, revisiting a huge part of my life. I kind of lost track here. Anyway, I just wanted to say thank you for the video. It almost feels like one last visit before leaving a place I know I’ll never be in again. Thanks
academia is switching your brain from analog to binary.
Conduct your own little experiments bro, if you can. Make humanity proud.
That's kinda sad but yeah absolutely alright, keep doing whatever you find happiness in! And if you think there really was something serious that held you back from pursuing your true interests, don't worry man you got this. You'll sure get it right this time.
Man, I feel you. I specialized in theoretical particle physics with dark matter in mind for my entire masters programm. Now I'm starting my thesis in nanooptics because I think I'm not cut out for writing down theories that might get experimentally checked several decades from now. I needed something more tangible you know? But I still miss the stuff. Nice to know that I'm not the only one.
I 100% agree with you, I recently finished my masters before running away from acadamia. It was interesting hearing about DAMA/LIBRA again in an optimistic light, i got so used to hearing people say, "yeah but no one else can repeat it" and dismissing it you forget that they have discovered something even if it is just tourists cause DM detector interference.
15:00 "But at least we tried." I love that sentiment. I feel like that captures so much of humanity in it.
It seems strange to consider "not solvable" as a possibility. It's not going anywhere so we have plenty of time to discover it.
@@dangerfly Ignoramus et ignorabamus. We do not know and will not know.
yolo
@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 If our technology has improved exponentially within a few lifetimes then those who speak of impossibilities must only be considering their own lifetimes which is self-centered and myopic, is it not?
@@dangerfly lol "plenty of time" we are in an extinction event, there is no guarantee on time for our species
I appreciate the research and information you provided in this video. It's enlightening and thought-provoking. Thanks for sharing!
WOW Derek what a brilliant, easy while thick, luminous while talking darkness, open episode of Veritasium You did! Simply Thank You. In the first animation you answered so many 'never dared to ask' questions i had about motus, speed, momentum of the Solar system travelling through empty space, and in the end a clever openess: let's see 🙏🏻❤️
This is an incredibly oblique yet straightforward comment, bulky in the edges, yet so thin in the middle. I almost couldn't see it even though it was so large.
I'm a PhD candidate working on DM and I think this video was great. I see so much discussion online where people assume scientists are just being narcissistic when we assume DM exists and that it must be like the new version of luminiferous ether theory, because they're not in tune with just *how much* **independent** evidence we have that is cleanly explained by particle DM. My only gripe with the entire video would be that I wish you had mentioned specifically that the idea of a particle "we can't see" or being "dark" isn't absurd in the slightest--I think part of why laypeople have gripes with the idea is that they think it's absurd that we could just posit something "invisible" is there. In reality, we already know of MANY particles that are similarly "invisible"--like neutrinos! In this context, "invisible" just means "doesn't interact with light" which is precisely true of neutrinos, and yet we are bombarded with trillions upon trillions of solar neutrinos every second from the sun. Unfortunately, we are not so lucky that DM is as easy to detect as neutrinos :)
My prediction: A simple discovery by the JWT will finally put an end to DM. Better have a backup plan.
Look I’m suspicious of dark matter theory because, if you’re going to try and invent an entire new class of particles that supposedly only interacts with matter/light through gravitational force alone, but there’s zero and I mean ZERO evidence that these supposed particles exist……… COULD (particle) dark matter theory turn out to be correct? Absolutely, yes, but forgive me for being suspicious of a theory that frankly has zero evidence in support of it We KNOW beyond reasonable doubt that there’s plenty of mass unaccounted for in our universe, this is true, and I also am suspicious as hell of MOND because (just like particle dark matter theory) it’s an ad hoc explanation with no real evidence to support its validity…… My basic point is this: Don’t think that the ‘opposition’ to dark matter theory is because it’s weird and people can’t ‘see it’ because quantum mechanics is absolutely weird as hell, but it’s true it gives very precise predictions and is verifiable and testable through endless experiments It is frankly unscientific at the core, to believe in particle dark matter theory as anything more than a POSSIBILITY, unless and until there is evidence for it We’ve spent years and billions of dollars building dark matter detectors and as of yet, nothing……… Again I’m not saying (particle) dark matter isn’t real, and it MIGHT be the best explanation we’ve so far come up with, but unless and until there’s actual evidence for it……. Forgive me for being a skeptic 🤷🏼♂️
Fascinating!!
Though, something does not exist until it is proven to exist. It is possible we will "will" dark matter into existence because of how well the concept fixes our problems, but it is due to something different entirely. All so fascinating.
This is not just about it being invisible but also intangible and only interacting through gravity.
It's comforting to know that this kind of research is being done. The kind that doesn't have any clear economic purpose, but instead is just for the sake of the pursuit of knowledge.
This is a very important point! It's not obvious that a civilization would pay for this.
amen brother
There isnot a single research which don't have significant important. Sooner or later we are going to find the use of dark matter and it is gonna pay off. It just like 16th century people thinking what is gonna do good by learning about space and stars.
Billions of dollars in grant money is not economic to you then?
dark matter is actually just the medium in which consciousness exists, aka it is the soul. that is why it can be found in mountians/ancient volcanos where xinu deposited souls at the beginning.
0:47 The Dama/Libra is under the Gran Sasso mountain chain in Abruzzo, actually it’s the highest mountain in the Appennini. The Alps are located in the northern Italy going from est to west, the Appennini divides Italy in two going from north to south (starting roughly at the border of tuscany and emilia-romagna and ending with the Etna). The lab where the Dama/Libra is locates is called INFS (istituto nazionale fisica nucleare) and they also tested neutrinos’ speed with the CERN in Ginevra. Best regards from Montorio al Vomano, 20 minites away from the mentioned lab!👋🏼
Tuyệt vời! 👌🎉
Anche se sono un italiano non so quasi niente di geografia italiana, quindi quando hai menzionato il nome della catena mi è venuto in mente monopoli e basta, almeno le regioni le so 😅
Human beings finding dark matter is the equivilant of a character in a video game being able to find the physical hardware doing the processing to create his pixelated world.
Prove it
Fall Guy
Which is pretty simple since humans have total control over it all.
Whoa
Nah it's like finding admin codes, more abilities and understanding of the game. we finna get dark matter tech
Sometimes I feel ashamed to be a human, but sometimes I watch a Veritasium video and pride comes back. The means deployed to find the secrets of our universe are amazing. And it takes so much humility to say "it may elude us, but at least we tried"
yea you need to stop watching too much tiktok
Don't be dramatic
The atrocities and terrible treatment of one another are examples of the lows. Don't let those things distract you from the highs.
That is the human spirit we cant understand everything but we still want to learn
@@Prowamfordihno Hard not to be when you see how humans treat each other. Look around every once and a while and you realize we haven't evolved much past our ape ancestors.
"it may elude us, but at least we've tried". This is so beautiful. That's why I love science. It's OK never to find out, but you've gotta try. Thanks for a great vid!!
But we must know, we will know!
Okay normally I would agree with you but "Dark Matter" is such an obviously false and dumb theory that I have to say all the money dumped into finding a clearly non-existent particle was truly wasted. It's a bad theory that tries to crowbar a mystical magical particle to fill in the gaps of our understanding of gravity on large scales. They were NEVER going to find one and surely that was obvious from the start.
that statement made me laugh .. It felt more like "than why bother"...
We have to live with possibility, we have to be optimistic, we have to hold our hopes to make it happen...
there is much more important things to know right now, the money would be better spent dealing with useful work, rather than looking for something that is so elusive no one has made any observation of it.
If Dark Matter didn’t interact with itself at all aside from gravity, wouldn’t it end up piling together into singularities in places? If there aren’t repelling forces to keep particles from occupying the same space?
Could be
Okay so exposition time from someone who's currently working on dark matter densities. If dark matter does interact with itself, then yes there would be the dark matter equivalent of friction and dark matter would slowly migrate to already dense places in the Universe. This is because friction is the result of particles colliding/interacting and re-distributing their energies, and changing the energy of a particle alters its trajectory. However, we have no evidence (that is significant and that I know of) for this dark matter self-interaction. Think back to the Bullet cluster example. If the dark matter did self-interact significantly, it would have behaved more like the ordinary matter; colliding and getting stuck in the middle. This didn't happen, and instead the dark matter clouds passed through each other completely unfazed. No significant self-interaction means no way of re-distributing energy, and thus dark matter particles don't alter their trajectories once they're on a set path. This means that the only dark matter particles that would end up in singularities, are the ones that were already going to collide with one head-on, and the radius of no escape from a heavy object is very small compared to the rest of the Universe. So yeah, that's why we have dark matter zipping around all over the place.
@@paulthomas963 Curious, why do you think forces arent carried by particles? And why do you think degeneracy pressure should be a fundamental force when its just an extreme manifestation of the pauli exclusion principle but the Strong/Weak forces shouldnt be fundamental forces when they describe how atoms stay together?
Hấp dẫn! 💪📢
gravity itself, we observe space-time curvature. in a group of billions and billions of stars, that ákes a lot of curvature, including a slower time, slower speed, hence the center of galaxy appears in sync.
You are just amazing. I wish for more channel like yours. Thank you for your work.
Your comment is remarkable. I hope you write more just like it. Thank you for your work.
You know that if you put Dark Matter in a translater to the german "dunkle Materie" you can actually hear how it is pronounced. I was laughing maniacally at "Dunkal Matteree".
There are a lot of people who speak German he could've asked, too :)
I'm pretty sure he thought it was a french word and he typed in into the french google translate
4:14
As a german speaking person i think your pronunciation at 4:15 is EPIC. Still more than wrong :D Jokes aside as always an incredible video
Was about to comment this aswell :D
Just looked in the comments for that reason 😝 Sounds more French than German I think (as a native German speaker)
It's just beautiful. Duncle Muttery.
he pronounced it like it was french ... but people in switzerland also speak german (sort of :P)
should be Duhn-kleh Mah-te-ri-e
The correlation between the dark matter peaking in june and November and the increase in chances of getting hit by a meteor during those same months is spooking me out 😮
They literally explained it tho if your flying through space faster your way more likely to hit things than when you go slowly lmao
Some things are coincidentally similar, though
@@matthewplizga1920 Eh but aren't you more likely to avoid getting hit by things too, because you could get out of the way faster? Also consider this: it's a well-known idea that if someone is trying to shoot you, run in a zig-zag, not a straight line. Doesn't matter how fast you run, what makes you an easy/hard target to hit is the direction that you're moving. My point is that there are more factors that can affect how easy of a target Earth is -- not just its speed.
@@suubisuubi No. Moving faster through space makes you more likely to impact stuff. This is a well established principle, there's plenty of videos and explanations on it with good visuals. Zig-zagging doesn't matter at all, so long as the speed remains constant. Also, meteors don't aim themselves. They just exist in space at some velocity, and if earth exists near them, they will impact earth.
More people outside during summer?
the power of deduction and logic in science is so incredible to see!!
and then the acknowledgement that the universe may not be entirely logical according to our standards is interesting.
That cave and the whole experiment is some serious engineering. The amount of work that must have gone into that is insane
It's like constantly being like "aha, that could affect the result!! better take EVERY PRECAUTION EVER"
That's a mine. Caves are natural.
Check out the LZ project - a similar detector that uses liquid xenon in a crostat a mile underground in an abandoned gold mine in south dakota
things like this are the reason to got to mars as we as a civilised world learn from it and better are living standards ect.
@@TheJamesRedwood thanks, Neal DeGrasse Tyson.
Fascinating! Also, whoever is doing the visuals for Veritasium is doing an amazing job! The charts, the 3D models, and the animations look extremely well-done and really help you to understand the idea behind it. Cheers! Edit: thanks for the grammar lesson
Ivy Tello and Mike Radjabov are legends!
“Look well,” you say? I don’t know how a graph is capable of looking at things.
@@loganroman5306 Ah you're that guy
@@loganroman5306 At least he didn't say "They look sick." ;-)
Ye
And I would like to thank you for this and your other posted videos!!.
You’re such a brilliant teacher. World class. Thank you.
Your pronunciation of “Dunkle Materie” (“dark matter” in German) has me in tears. 😂
„duncle materiiiiiiiii“
Perhaps for english-speaking people, this is a more close approximation to the pronunciation: doonk-lair (without the r at the end) mah-tair-e-air (but no r at the end)
I was searching for this comment 😀 Somehow I'm disappointed, I had expected Derek to not blunder on this 😉
odd German word in an English sentence - to native English speakers 🧐 - to native German speakers 🤡 I wonder if it's the same way around also?
@@mark-alexanderschwarzbich4318 we use so much English vocabulary during our day to day communication, that the pronunciation is, at least for younger generations, usually not that bad
I just wrote a massive thesis about dark matter'ss density within the universe (rather than detecting it on Earth, like this video is about)! I'm very glad that you mentioned Vera Rubin, the absolute legend, in the discovery of dark matter (4:26) -- she's often left out of the narrative for no good reason, but she is such a key and integral figure.
The LSST was renamed after Vera Rubin, so she finally gets her recognition :) btw what exactly was your thesis about?
Discovered dark matter you say....
@@kevinpils4716 I wrote about the structure of low surface brightness spiral galaxies, getting my research group a couple steps closer to properly modeling our galaxies’ dark matter haloes! My thesis was a part of a larger project, working on evaluating core-cusp transformation of dark matter haloes. Hopefully, we’ll have it published within the next couple years :~)
@@bogbutter can I have your report?
@@bogbutter In my humble opinion, science started with the telescope/microscope for a reason. What you can't see (well) you can't test (well), and what you can't test is not science. Statistics aren't all powerful and won't fix a blurry image (it's not possible to zoom in the pixels of an image like in a movie), what they may actually do is create fake information (see ML up-scaling). So in conclusion, anything too big to see properly in detail (such as galaxies) or too small (such as the quantum world) is not science, and will not be science until we figure a way to see properly (one that doesn't rely on statistics). Until then we may have theories, but those ain't better than the theories we did in the past about the earth being flat. Instead of focusing on making theories and more theories, we should focus on making machines too see properly.
Great video and then clever line about Brilliant at the end!
15:00 ohhhh yea. my astronomy/ physics teacher back from when i was in highschool made sure each year that one of THE FIRST THINGS he would tell EVERY class is "its ok to say 'i dont know' BUT ONLY if you make sure to add the word 'yet'..." to this day while im not good when it comes to taking mesurements hence why im not the sort of person to want to go research physics, i LOVE thinking about its concepts and trying to understand and pick apart the general interactions and understand them better as well as use the general to than fine tune some fun with the technical side of shitting around trying out things based on physics concepts and seeing what works and what doesnt. :D
I have to get this out: "Dunkle Materie" is literally just the German words for dark matter and every letter in it is pronounced in the order it's written and without any alterations
We cannot see the ubiquitous creation of matter 'particles', but they are happening everywhere as wave-motions of space.. "Commendation from NASA for research work at Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the Earth's atmosphere and the Moon's surface for navigation of the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon.. Dr. Milo Wolff has found the structure of the electron consisting of two spherical quantum waves, one moving radially outward and another moving radially inward. The center of the waves is the nominal location of the electron 'particle'. These waves extend infinitely, like charge force. All 'particle' waves mix and contribute to each other, thus all matter of the universe is interrelated by this intimate connection between the fundamental 'particles' and the universe. The natural laws are a direct consequence of this Wave Structure of Matter (WSM), thus WSM underlies all of science." "Mathematics has the completely false reputation of yielding infallible conclusions. Its infallibility is nothing but identity. Two times two is not four, but it is just two times two, and that is what we call four for short. But four is nothing new at all. And thus it goes on and on in its conclusions, except that in the higher formulas the identity fades out of sight." (Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe) "Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality." (Nikola Tesla) spaceandmotion
My poor ears
dóónkluh ma-tírree-uh
Besser formuliert als ich es könnte ^^ Ich muss mal kurz meine Ohren waschen gehen.
a simple Google Translate audio preview could have prevent this
I imagine scientists made out of dark matter are setting up similarly complicated experiments to try to detect this mythical "regular matter"
😂
I love the idea that their world has played out so exactly the same as ours that they actually have the same English language, except by some quirk they call themselves "dark matter" and call us "regular matter"
That's racist.
we would be like dark matter to them
Dark matter doesn't interact with itself so I don't think it can form the same structures as ordinary matter
Saying Brilliant is everywhere and interactive, is one of the best sponsor intros relative to the topic I have seen
Being reminded that the sun is moving and earth is desperately trying to keep up is not what I needed today.
Calling your device a "Cosmic Hunter" with a comic sans-like font has me wanting one, even if I have absolutely no use for it. I loved the video, keep up educating and teaching people about everything this universe has to offer!
Also it looks like a E-Ink display, do really want one now lol
You would be surprised at how often comic sans appears as the MAIN FONT in legit very high level physics powerpoint talks. It's declining now but a few years ago it was just embarrassing how prevalent it was. Also, does that thing have an e-ink display??
Comic sans is prevalent everywhere, it’s one of the worst plagues to hit mankind.
@@Muonium1 I mean of course physicists would use comic sans because Sans Undertale break physics
I must add, one of the interesting facts about the Universe🌌 is, if the rate of expansion of the Universe would have changed just only by one part in a Quintillion after the Big Bang, a Quintillion is one with 18 zeros after it, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, then, the Universe would have continued to expand or collapsed back on itself. That's what Scientists say. I think should check 'The Evidences of Creation (series)' from the channel 'Rational Believer', you might be enlightened more than ever.
Wow I actually did a seminar on this last semester and especially held a presentation on DAMA/LIBRA. What might additionally be interesting to know is, that there are already two experiments currently running, which try to independently find the same signal as DAMA/LIBRA, named Cosine100 and ANAIS. Both have around three years of measuring time and are starting to become able to judge if the DAMA/LIBRA signal can be reproduced. So far the results of ANAIS seem to indicate no signal can be found, while Cosine is not yet able to make a clear statement, since the bestvalues for certain interesting parameters lie inbetween the zero hypothesis (there is no signal) and the DAMA/LIBRA finding. So right now the trend is leans towards the signal not being due to dark matter, but only time and more experiments will tell, if this ts the case.
where do i get updates on the experiement he talked about in the video?
God bless the guy who decided to call it ANAIS ehauheauehauhaeauheuhuhue
If it isn't dark matter in the DAMA/LIBRA results, then what is it? EDIT: Wikipedia says that it could be a result of the data analysis procedure itself.
@@Cuestrupaster I read the 2 studies as cousin anus haha
@@edtotman2952 they mentioned in the video that it could be caused by any sort of seasonal factors. it is possible that the climate above the facility somehow impacts the amount of particles that reach the detector.
8:56 I've always found it eerie that this classic picture of the CMB, which I first saw in college, years ago, has always looked to me so similar to an Earth map. It isn't perfect of course, but you can kind of see a space for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as areas for the continents, to a degree.
Coincidence? I think not! The earth is the universe confirmed! Space isn't real it's just a picture in the sky guys!
@@TheWeen344 I think what you mean is that space is not in any way like a convex geologic spheroid. Any similarity in these two maps would have to be coincidental.
@@david203 I think he's just trying to find a merry in this complex topic
i've lived near the italian detector for years and it is absolutely amazing to discover so much time later what did they do and discover inside that laboratory. There is a gallery which passes just trough the gran sasso and in that you can see a door with written "INFN Laboratory". I've always been curious to discover in what is at the other side of the door but it is almost impossible to enter in there whitout any specific pass.
Just a note on geography. The Italian Alps are the mountains that separate Italy from France and Switzerland. The mountain range that goes down the spine of Italy is called the Apennines. DAMA/LIBRA is located under the Gran Sasso, specifically the Corno Grande, which at 2,912 metres of altitude is the highest peak in the range.
Is that the one that's causing problems to the local water supplies?
As a german I couldn't help but burst out laughting when he mispronounced "Dunkle Materie" in every way possible, thoroughly enjoyed it.
It’s a really sad world where people just don’t give a damn if they butcher your language. Great job! It’s not like you can’t google the words for 5 seconds and check the spelling. Unsubscribed!
I was looking for that comment. I first thought it was some kind of French term until I realised xD
Yes! Lets undermine all his hard work to give us as much detailed information and a inside look at stuff we the common people would NEVER have a chance, because he botched a word not of his native tongue! Ingenious!
sehr lustig
@@oOQCLQOo the spelling is correct - just the pronunciation is far off. It is funny - nothing more.
It is an amazing idea to use a thin line connect to different masses in the center with a star to illustrate the effect of dark matter.
I didn't see that anywhere in the video.
Check out 5:15
What a great Veritasium video!
I LOVE what Professor Lewis said at the end! "In science, we have to live with the possibility that...at some level we may never find the answer. It may elude us, but at least we tried." That is so profoundly true of science!
love that! and in a way, the concept of 'never' is only when we've given up or when humans cease to exist.
Ah, just invent a god and that explains everything.
@@chaosordeal294 I'd like to think we've outgrown our imaginary sky daddies.
@@chaosordeal294 @vinvink Well, I am a scientist, but I do think that there are questions science can't answer. For example, WHY the big bang occurred. I think spiritual means can answer these spiritual questions.
I don't think it gets said enough, whoever does your animations is simply amazing, They can convey even the most complex of ideas with simplicity and ease that even someone with no background in that relevant field can understand them.
Looking at the description, it looks like some of them were done by different groups
12:18 I like how it says COSMIC HUNTER in comic sans
Love the vid. Derek Muller's final question is funny: "Do you think that dark matter interacts with ordinary matter?" The reasons scientists have posited the existence of dark matter is that ordinary GR gravity/curved space-time is inadequate to explain some observed phenomena, such as the speed of stars at the outer ends of galaxies. "Dark matter' is shorthand for saying 'there must be some other matter that we can't see out there that's interacting with ordinary matter.'
I remember scientists thinking LIGO was gonna be totally useless too… And now they’re detecting mergers of black holes damn near constantly. So much so that its become a science all its own.
@@ericalorraine7943 lookup Priscilla Dearmin-Turner, this is her name online, she's the real investment prodigy since the crash and have help me recovered my loses
ok
@@davidhudson3001i just lookup her name online and found her accreditation on FINRA and SEC, she seems really solid. I leave her a mail on her webpage, thank you🙏
A CNBC news host spoke so highly of the💕 woman Priscilla Dearmin-Turner and her loss prevention strategies been trying to get to her ever since didn’t know she was so accessible
I heard she always have a way of linking someone investment into something new and profitable?
I like how so many experiments looking for high-energy particles boil down to looking for flashes of light in dark spaces.
Nicely put 😮
Scientist: Haha flashy light neuron activation
Imagine the aliens looking at us thinking we take we the real and visible for granted and we spend our valuable time and resources and lives on focusing on things like this
@@carlozmrc the valuable time and resources that we have because we have focused on things like this
@@carlozmrcthe aliens would have to do the same to see us lmao
Excellent, as usual!
The idea of a "dark standard model" is so interesting. The more we know, the more we realize we don't know. The rabbit hole is truly endless.
NGL i find it extremely disconcerting that the muon detector uses comic sans 12:01
i'll never forget when i really learned the effect of dark matter. i was doing some newtonian physics problems, and one of them was to determine the rotational rate of the solar system relative to the milky way galaxy. if you use newtonian math, you get a wildly different number compared to the actual observed period. the answer in the physics book also had the newtonian value as the "correct" answer. the book was wrong probably because the chapter was on newtonian physics, and more specifically rotation, and it was easier to just print the answer you get from taking that approach. i compared my work to the observed value though, and it drove me insane until my professor explained that the answer is MUCH faster because of dark matter. we are hauling ass compared to what we should expect
Do you believe in a god?
@@hunter-km1tn The god of atheism only exists if you don't believe in him.
@@thaknobodi That's not even remotely true lol
There is no dark matter. It's cosmic dust.
@@oooloo99 why cant we just like, see it then.
I have a ton of respect for Dirk but the way he butchered the word "Dunkle Materie" is really hilarious. I was listening to it without watching and then checked my phone screen to look how the word looks and i cracked up 😂
As a German i can confirm that the pronounciation is completely wrong
I knew that someone pointed it out in the comments xD
Kinda hurt my german speaking soul
Knowing what he was trying to say, and hearing "Dankel Matterie" was bizarre. I am confused how this can happen on a channel that focuses on research. It's not like there aren't phonetic spellings, tts softwares and native speakers to help with the pronounciation.
Any update? Did they find something?
As a german, the way you pronounced "Dunkle Materie" made me laugh out loud, it literally translates to "dark matter" btw.
whats the correct pronunciation
@@trppstar The "u" is pronounced kind of like the "oo" in "book". The "e" at the end of "Dunkle" is pronounced like the unstressed "e" in "the". The stress in "Materie" is on the first "e" (which is pronounced a bit like "é" in "café") and the "i" and "e" at the end are pronounced separately, so like muh-TÉ-ri-uh
Yeah, I started laughing as well. :D
dankel maateriiiee
@@JNSchneider ma-Té-ri-uh?
I love the humanizing elements in his editing. At 6:06 the star/gravity demo breaks and we get 4 seconds as an audience to see Derek in his living room doing something dumb for us. In my opinion, this is the necessary emotional break humans need to continue processing similar information in a large format. It takes 4 seconds of us laughing with you and the camera man to be ready for more hard-to-process information. Marcia Lucas would be proud
@bodoti qwiu Not in this case. There is no way for dark matter to fail. You can't show that dark matter is wrong.
Yeah that was cool
6:07 that laugh is amazing Derek
I hadn't watched this video until today but I downloaded brilliant about 2 weeks ago. I thought it was a cool coincidence. Love the app and the video.
I'm an engineer that just snagged a job at SLAC where I am working on a dark matter detector project and a cosmic microwave background radiation projects. I've always enjoyed your channel and it feels awesome to be working on something you made a video about.
Ur a lucky hard working man keep it up man
Aaaaannnnddddd... this is why I switched from particle physics to condensed Matter physics. I personally do not have the patience to run an experiment that is like this. Intentionally trying to detect something that doesn't interact much by definition sounds like a frustrating experience. The same goes for the the neutrino community. Lots of respect... from a distance....
...what do these guys do all day? They're waiting for a flash of light in a tube that may or may not happen, do they sit in a circle staring at the tubes?
@@msjsr9364 yes
@@msjsr9364 mostly they think about how to improve their detector
@@hubertjohnson418 ...to justify more funding
@@msjsr9364 Yes. It is torture. Just trying to whip up more insane theories just to find something. As a tried and true neutrino hater, I can't even thunk what kind of special hell "DM" probing must be.
A few days ago I was at DESY here in Germany, who are looking for a dark matter too. Seeing a particle accelerator in real life was extremely cool!
I admire your work Salute!
"it may elude us, but at least we tried." The essence of experiment expressed in a single sentence.
ok
ok
In this context "elude" means: "we have absolutely no scientific reason to believe dark matter exists, but we will never stop looking for it". Astronomers nowadays are absolutely delusional.
@@MegaBanne but what if they find dark matter Or something
@@MegaBanne Incorrect. We have no direct evidence based on visual observation. You would be better served by saying things like "why did they call the discrepancy matter, when they have no clue what it was in the first place". Not that I expect you to understand what that means. Go back to kindergarten please.
Would like to say thank you to the team at Italy for collecting this data they were just showing us 20 years of data in two minutes shout out to you guys were the real heroes of the story
Would like to say your grammar is impeccable service
@@LuciferMorningstar-ix3lb sez u
great video - amazing topic
ok now i am really excited because i can correct veritaseum, the detector from 0:45 is actually under the Appenin not the Alps, witch are situated only on the northern border of italy
The logics and knowledge of science of these guys is just mindblowing! And V. is doing an excellent job to make the dumb of us understand.
@Don't Read Profle Photo Don't worry, I won't.
@Don't Read Profle Photo You may delete the comment and channel so that others won't read your name. That's better than asking everyone to not read your name. 🙂
@@lorenzoblum868 it does dark though
Speak for yourself
"History abundantly shows that people's views of the universe are bound up with their views of themselves and of their society. The debate in cosmology has implications far beyond the realm of science, for it is a question of how truth is known. How these questions are answered will shape not only the history of science, but the history of humanity." (Eric Lerner, 1992) One of the main reasons 'big bang' is pushed so ferociously is that it has been endorsed by the vatican.. "In fact, it seems that present-day science, with one sweeping step back across millions of centuries, has succeeded in bearing witness to that primordial 'Fiat lux' (Let there be light) uttered at the moment when, along with matter, there burst forth from nothing a sea of light and radiation, while the particles of the chemical elements split and formed into millions of galaxies ... Hence, creation took place in time, therefore, there is a Creator, God exists!" (Pope Pius XII, 1951) 300 years before this, 'the church' had Giordano Bruno publicly murdered for saying that space is infinite.. You 'do the math'.. NO! Please don't! This is why the erroneous ideas of 'infinity' are used in mathematics, specifically to confuse people into a misunderstanding of what infinitude actually means.. If space is infinite, 'god' cannot be..
“The Earth’s rotation in the solar system is at 60 degrees relative to the plane of the galaxy” What a time to be alive.
@Martin Brei What are you talking about ?
@Martin Brei Polar rotation can be measured with a artificial horizon, it sees a 15 degree per hour tilt. But on a non rotating globe it does appear to be inertial.
@Martin Brei but then his biggest mistake was thinking special relativity was useless right? or no
now squeeeze that paper
@Martin Brei special relativity isn't useless! It is used to explain the marriage that is electromagnetism sufficiently correctly for undergraduate physics and for electrical engineering.
Lately, everytime I see your videos (which are super amazing by the way :P), I can't stop thinking of these BTS shots 14:17 There is always one shot where we see you filming and as a filmmaker myself, I'm always baffled by the stability of your shots, even when holding very awkwardly your A7sIII 😅 I bet you disabled IBIS and then use the Catalyst Browse stabilisation ? 🤔 But anyway, ou must be an amazing surgeon, because your hands are steady as granite 😳! And this pose particularly, is insane 🤣 I use the A7IV, and I only wish I could manage to be this stable, even with a gimbal xD
14:14 I'm with this guy, it'd be really exciting if we ended discovering a whole new family of particles, but since they apparently don't interact with each other very strongly, the chance of anything showing up that isn't a fundamental-level particle is low.
I don't know - I'd say we know so little about dark matter at present that we can't rule out some exotic interactions between its particles other than just gravity. The simplest explanation is that it's bland and uniform, but that's not the only solution to what we see...
@@stephenholt4670 we don't know anything about dark matter. We don't even know if it exists. There are other hypothesis that explain the galaxy rotation curves, and make other valid predictions, and it doesn't rely on dark matter existing
A theory suggests that Dark matter could be normal fermions sitting on higher dimensions of the universe
but what if it's not dark matter but instead just a black hole that they are detecting and we just happen to orbit close to is every 6 months which is why the scan result peak in summer and drop off in winter
@@raven4k998 ? what lol
I love the fact that the neion detector, a piece of scientific hardware used for extremely specific cases regarding experimentation, uses comic sans for its title lol
Reminds me of the math video, about how there are some truths that have no proof. Perhaps dark matter is real, but we can never prove it’s actual existence.
I always wondered how they'll go about (dis)proving its existence, since I assumed that we had no devices to measure it.
6:03 This is why I love being a scientist myself. In the deepest dives, I still strive to maintain a good sense of the absurdity, the humorous reality of it all 😂... just being a big kid with far more questions than answers...❤️
...or just being a big kid with lots of expensive high tech toys to play with!
Wow... I am moved by this. I have long felt the same way as my curiosity drives everything I do but I had never seen it put into words like this.
The humorous reality of it all - Indeed!!!!
:D This is a proof, that regular matter decays faster than dark matter :D PS: morning greetings with cup of a "dark matter" (coffee) in hand :D
That is one of the most fun things about learning!
What you zoomed on is not the Alps, it’s the Appennini range. Specifically it’s the Gran Sasso mountain, as per the logo on the INFN footage.
Yep Appennini not Alps😁
and neither is that mine location an hour away from Melbourne. It's 2 and half hours away.
That ending statement is powerful. Sometimes there will never be enough evidence for an absolute certainty. At least not in this timeline
Great vid. Congrats.
The most exciting thing to me about this is how eerily similar this is to how physicists were pursuing Aether Theory right up until Einstein proposed his Theories of Relativity. They were suspicious that an invisible aether flowed through the cosmos and that it was the medium that conducted light. They devised identical simultaneous experiments all over the globe to try to detect the subtle changes in the flow of aether based on whether one part of the Earth was rotating into it while the other part rotated out of it. While they were doing this, Einstein was quietly playing with the formulas and discovered that holding the speed of light constant and allowing everything else to vary produced accurate and predictable results. Maybe the next Einstein is doing the same to Dark Matter right now.
Except that the speed of light has never been a constant in reality, nor can it ever be accurately measured. Whoops.
@@pentagrammaton6793 The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and sure it can be measured.
Wasnt there a camera that recorded the speed of light in SLO motion?
@@SS-fu6tu light can be slow down by passing it through a material, but in a vacuum its constant.
but that would never happen if people didn't try their best to rule out aether, proving a hypothesis false is just as important as proving it true. the problem is that right now there is no better solution, DM is not like Aether, we have a LOT of evidence for it, we just can't observe it directly doesn't matter how much we try. and there are many Einsteins out there trying to find a solution that doesn't need Dark Matter, but none of them can explain all observation.
The dark matter conjecture always reminds me of the 'ether' conjecture. A substance called ether/aether was formerly believed to fill the upper regions of space to explain the propagation of electromagnetic and gravitational forces.
It's sad that so much energy is misdirected into the theory of dark matter, but when all you have is a particle hammer, everything looks like a particle nail.
Kinda ironic that Michelson and Morley will be proven right after all... with some slight adjustment of what the ether is.
but dark matter isn’t explaining electromagnetic forces, only gravitational
@@hgu The point I'm making is that sometimes things are made up to explain stuff.
@@MrManultra What exactly do you mean? Michelson/Morley experiment disproved ether. What do you mean they will be proven right? What did they claim?
Awesome post❤❤
Seeing this again, there's also a detectional difference. When speed of the Earth varies being highest in June and lowest in november, anything moving through the electrical circuits along those same paths also changes. Minutely but yes, yearly.
I love the bit explaining why the current consensus is for the existence of dark matter instead of our understanding of gravity being wrong or incomplete. It seems to be the number one question for people who have gained at least a cursory understanding on the phenomenon.
Well there are a lot of things that we "know" that can be wrong... in phisics most of them comes to gravity, and time...
Same. I'm more wont to believe that our understanding of gravity is wrong rather than the existence of a large amount of invisible matter, but the explanation shows that there's more to it than just "our data is not lining up with our theories". I guess the thousands of intelligent physicists around the globe who know much more about this topic than any of us would have thrown away the dark matter hypothesis if there were no such convincing evidence.
@@Cuestrupaster Yes but the thing is, like Echo.120 expands below, is that with what evidence we do have it seems to be much less likely that our theories have a fundamental issue with them. This thing always pops up in the comments on videos about dark matter, hence why I made the comment in the first place. And I do understanding why it's appealing to think that it must be the theories that are wrong, since we have no direct detection after 90 years of having seen the effect. The human mind likes pattern detection, and for the layman it seems like there is no pattern. But the scientific consensus on the matter has been formed by people who have spent *literal lifetimes* studying the topic. And the evidence they've found points towards dark matter being real, whereas the other other option has way less evidence. So surely it makes sense to pursue the one that has some merit to it, instead of going on a wild goose chase just because we've found nothing so far?
@@echo.1209 Precisely! It's very appealing to look for explanations elsewhere.
@@echo.1209 um...i guess, but they don't all agree. Check Sabine Hossenfelders videos on it. Basically, yes reject MOND but that doesn't mean its possible for a future theory to correct the disrepecy and nor do they know the exact candidate of dark matter to fit (none proposed quite work perfectly...). Plus, there are multiple other reasons to look at our theory of gravity from dark energy to disrepency with quantum mechanics anyway.