Heat Treatment -The Science of Forging (feat. Alec Steele)
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Material science major here. This guy lectures way better than any of my professors every.
You went to the wrong place - try Sheffield ;)
Sheffield Uni
The Jolly Poly - thin sandwich
Too bad some of it is inaccurate
Learning from the masters ensures you understand everything if you already got it Learning from fellow rookies that understand the masters ensures you to understand the basics
Total blast having you visit! Great video!!
You should make a gun
Are your knives ever used to harm potatoes? Please say it isn'y true.
This knife harmed a banana
Id love to see Alec come onto Showmakers as a guest
you two did some awesome videos! I can't decide whether the science video or the forging video was best... Thanks a lot!!
Holy shit, it's 5:30 AM, I am going to school by bus, completely brain dead and tired, just browsing throught the youtube. Then I see this video and in less than 3 minutes, I'm super excited and completely mesmerised by the sheer amount of stuff you packed into a video that is just over 10 minutes! I love this!
Matěj Šrámek me too.
Good luck in school 👍
@@inmysites2 Thank you very much! As a matter of fact I did have luck at school. Managed to finish my bachelors degree in the 4 years that have paseed.
That's awesome! I think the luck I wished you went back in time and helped you along 😅
I hope my professor could explain metallurgy just like this... not just reading his screen... this 11 minute-video was worth 2 hours of lecture... thank you
I like to think about the fact that blacksmiths of old knew some of this information without understanding they WHY behind it. Imagine if this video had been somehow magically dropped into the Roman Empire. How would the world be different? Also, the way Alec swings the sledgehammer against the test pieces reminds me of how Link swings the hammer in Zelda, Breath Of The Wild.
I don't think this video would have a huge effect, but the production methods video I made definitely would. That was what triggered the massive societal change, humans had been controlling carbon content way before the Romans. They knew it mattered, but may not have known why. Charcoal production was a massive industry for a reason. We still don't fully understand why to be honest. Getting straight answers on why pearlite increases yield strength was very difficult. There is forging in Breath of the Wild? Haven't got that far yet.
Thats so true. We take a lot of things we know now for granted. Like its obvious now. But just thinking about the engineering trial and error process that had to happen 100s of years ago is crazy but amazing. Who know in a 100 years people would have taken things like autonomous cars and AI for granted. Its videos like this that put some of that thought back into us!
Real Engineering AFIR dislocation stop at grain borders. Thus more grain borders more interference. Perlite is a cluster of very thin lamines and that mean a great amount of grain borders.
Agreed. Alec does remind me of link as well.
*IIIYYYAAAAAAHH* ! Yeah, you're right, that would have totally change that era and probably speed up how things went. Or made things happen in a different way. This falls under the butterfly effect doesn't it ? This is definetively showerthoughts. *Love your three channels guys ! Keep it up !*
You know all of those fantasy movies with sword-forging scenes that have little to no relation to how swords are actually forged? Why don't more of them have that quenching-in-oil step? It's cool and actually justifiable.
I think Lindybeige has the best explanation for that
Most pre-Bessemer bladesmithing steels are actually water quenched rather than oil quenched. That means that it wouldn't have those flames that spontaneously erupt when the hot steel is quenched. Still cool but not as cool as oil quenching.
shade_grey I think showing an actual forging would be a much more awesome sight
I think they used water because it was cheaper than oil. From what I know, oil was quite difficult to produce back in the day an quite expensive.
e1123581321345589144 naw, Smith's were considered to almost be magic. Any smith, especially one working for the king, would have oil if he wanted it
I am a mechanical engineer 1992 batch i was made many steel components and hardened them through different ways but now only i understood the phenomenon of tempering. Hats off
Same here. I made stainless tubing.
thank you for summarizing in 10 minutes most of the materials science and engineering I learned during my first year of undergrad engineering! Greetings from Montreal, Canada!
We got Steele talking about steel, good.
Goes to show you our education systems are a laundering machine.
Pearlite is actually quite well understood. It's laminar structure is composed of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite and the interfaces between each layer as well as the grain boundaries act to stop dislocation movement and crack propagation through the bulk of the material. There are some TEM videos of dislocations moving through materials which is really neat.
That's what I'm looking for .
Thank you!
laminar? LAMINAR??? SMARTEREVERYDAY WANT TO KNOW YOUR LOCATION!!
@@royk7712 True dat lolol!😂
I see another metallurgist I upvote. All of the microstuructures of metals can be explained by thermodynamic. Basicly, material always tend to go back to their most stable structure, we know this and take advantage of that mechanism by manuplating it.
This got more complicated than I expected. I now appreciate smiths a lot more
@AYE OK SURE Sure, but they do explain a little bit of the complexity of material properties, and respecting those who deal with these complexities on a daily basis has nothing to do with these guys. When welding tempered steel you ruin the tempering for example, so extra reinforcement around the welds may be needed.
THERE IS A WHOLE SUBJECT IN MATERIAL ENGINEERING REGARDING IRON- IRON CARBON DIAGRAMS AND MATENSITE, PERLITE, FERRITE AND AUSTINITE ..! YOU WOULD LEARN IT IN A SEMESTER WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED IN LESS THAN 15 MINS...!
I’m gonna need to decode what he’s exactly explaining because I am stupid/dumb
@_ David _ Yes and no? I mean, you can just learn the process and replicate it without knowing any of the science involved. However, to truly excel and set yourself apart in the field, you'd have to know every step of the process and what your making is for (what strain it will endure) and what's actually happening on the microscopic level and how your routine needs to be tweaked in order to better the metal for it's specific use. I think understanding it on a microscopic level isn't always necessary, but is very much so important and sometimes crucial such as with a train track or something. Don't want the metal to give and risk a train going off the rails, cuz on a scale of good to bad, a train derailing is generally closer to a bad.
@@ultradragon6023 You're not the only one buddy, but it's fascinating to learn about it. Wish I had access to a forge or could visit one for a day just to see what it's like and learn more, but us poor people don't have time to pursue our interests lol.
I am a PhD Metallurgist (BS, MS Metallurgical Engineering). I have over 40+ years heat treating experience. Very nice video, and you explained a lot of the basic concepts well.
The transition to that ad was like, SO smooth
haha yes, and not at the same time as the subject was so different suddenly
Wow this video is amazing!! Currently learning materials in engineering undergrad and this video and being able to visualize what's happening really motivates me to keep studying!! Thanks Brian!!
I am writing material science exam tomorrow :) The video was a nice repetition of the content I have to learn (first semester).
lmao Eng Materials final exam tomorrow for me @unimelb hahaha
my second year MATERIAL SCIENCE in 5 min :-)
Shubham Ware good luck! Sincerely, a graduate heat treatment student
Same here :)
don't reminde me, it was a wast of time
I was privelaged to attend a course for calibration of topographical measuring instruments at Fort Belvior. Geodosy has parallels with Machining. This video is wonderful for expressing the value of tools, precision and evolution.
Your teaching prowess is a gift, delivering a narrative so enchanting that even Tolkien would find solace in the embrace of your audible rendition of "The Hobbit."
i'm an engineering student, and i have a hard time on metallurgy. this awesome video helps me a lot, thank you and keep up the good work!!
What kind of engineering?
@@fa541 mechanical engineering, and i still am
Breakalegs ahh cool I want to study civil engineering
Thank you so much for this video! I've been Bladesmithing/Blacksmithing for a little over two years now and I've gotta say that your description is the most detailed AND comprehensive explanation that I've ever heard on this topic. I'll absolutely be referring others to it:)
Fantastic video! Many years ago I sold industrial metal forgings capable of up to 300,000 lbs of tensile strength, which were case hardened and drop-forged. I knew just enough to be helpful selling the products, but I learned more about crystal structure in the last 5 minutes as I did in that decade! Thanks for sharing.
I love the look on Alec's face when he's bashing on the tempered steel. 😁 I'm going to have to watch this again.
I absolutely love this channel and as an engineering student, i really appreciate the time and effort you obviously put into these videos. Each video captivates and fascinates me and i really enjoy videos like this. You seem to really enjoy making each and every one of these videos and that shows in the quality. Keep up the good work!
Great video! Keep up the good work. I love seeing successful colabs between my favorite channels!
This is an incredible video! One of the best explanations on the heat treatment process. Great balance of practical and theoretical. Wish I had this when studying materials science..!
I work in an induction heat treating facility. Really interesting to see someone explain this in a consumable way after the many months it took me to learn this in practice
4:14 damn grandma........
😂 She's not old, it's like some sort of historical themed town like Williamsburg or something. She is whacking the devil outta whatever, though!
Don't mess around with granny.
Lol, she's *not* old!!! Zoom in a bit, she looks like she's in her 20''s!😅 She's just using the wrong weighted hammer.
She needs to get back in these kitchen and make me a sammich
I love the fact that your videos always contain some breath taking images and video clips..👌🙂 Keep up your great work..👍
I've been watching a bunch of blacksmithing channels for years without really understanding any of the metallurgy going on. This video finally puts it all together understandably. Extremely well done!
I have been impressed with how you compressed a 4 hour lecture (or even more) into 11 minutes 22 seconds, and still manage to manage to make it very understandable and very cool too! Much respect, all the way from Zimbabwe!
Step 1: Heat metal evenly to 900 degrees Celsius , then let metal slow air cool. Step 2: Heat Metal back up to 800 degrees Celsius, then drop in quenching oil (or vegetable oil) Step 3: Bake in oven at low temperature (200 or less) to temper the metal hardness slightly. Got it!
thats simplistic....i take you will use that on any steel ?
@Winter's Destruction Very much so. Only Carbon steel between 0.2 to about 1.5 percent carbon can be effectively hardened. Other processes include things like case hardening which adds a layer of carbon rich steel in an otherwise low-carbon part by surrounding it with free carbon in a hot environment. The temperatures in this video seem taken out of thin air and the optimal heating temp, heating time, quench oil type and time and quench temp, as well as tempering temp and time vary a bit between steeltypes down to variations of 10°C.
How long should you bake in the oven? How would these steps change for a thicker blade than a knife, say, an axe?
Andrew Verstraete not as long as you would think. I work at a heat testing facility. As standard we do all of our tempers at least 90 minutes. But in practice I think around 45 minutes of temper per inch of thickness of material will get it done.
@@dias17se probably only on carbon steel like 1045 to 1095 because wrought iron and mild steel won't harden.
The past-tense of grind is ground. The fact that ground is the present tense of a different verb (which itself refers to several things) is English doing English things and stuff.
Unfortunately grinded is now accepted in some dictionaries, it sounds so jarring though, I still prefer ground.
Will be grounded :)
Yay, English
Learning English is a real grind. It can leave you grounded.
Double Dare Fan, and then there is french.... Man, the horror pf conditional past ... words changing gender from singular to plural, words written differently depending on the animal it refers to, homonyms, grammar... the pain, the pain ! And I'm french.
I've literally just been learning about this in my materials lectures for my Aerospace course. We did grain boundaries and crystal structures last week!
Alec's the man! His enthusiasm and love for his trade is so incredibly infectious.
Heat treating is such a huge industry that common citizens barely even know about, I'm a heat treater contractor for vessels and tubes in refineries, power plants, nuclear plants....everywhere!
One of those hidden industries that 'makes the world go 'round. '
I'm actually studying this at the moment in my engineering class, so found this video really fascinating
This video is a great refresher course! I am a CWI in Alaska and this is always great to refresh because of the the cold temperatures we deal with while welders apply so much heat to structural steel in sometimes not ideal locations!
You explained this so amazingly well. I've had it explained a few times and was still really confused, this totally cleared it up thank you.
Passing all ways through shit roasting and pranking videos on KZhead to ur channel gives me sense of relax and hope 😇😇😇
Small correction - hardening steel does NOT stiffen it. The elastic modulus of steel is more or less completely insensitive to quenching, tempering, etc, and as a result, mild and hardened steels have the same elastic modulus. It is a common misconception that hardening a steel stiffens it, but this is not true; the elastic modulus does not change. What hardened steel DOES have is significantly less ductility (plastic strain before breaking)... this is largely what drives the misconception. But, stiffness is designed for strictly within the elastic regime, and there, the modulus of steel is constant.
Mostly true. One caveat to that for practical purposes though is for stress concentration areas like holes and edges. Hardened steel will more evenly distribute stress (stress flow) and prevent wallowing or mushrooming.
I have been looking for a commentary on heat treating that covers more than just one of the various aspects...FINALLY found it. Thank you sir!
I have a 250cc motorcycle with heat treatment sprocket. After 2 years of long distance rides, the sprocket still looks good. And I have a another small bike which use cheap sprocket, which lasts usually 2.5 months with heavy use.
Thanks to Alec for having me, if you would like to see more of the end product. Check out his vlogs here: bit.ly/2DVNZrn Get 3 months of Skillshare for $0.99 using this link: www.skl.sh/realengineering99
Real Engineering no captions
Daaaaaaaaah, always forget
Sadly skillshare does not have any specialist courses in embedded software design, embedded C or real time systems design... :'( I guess washing machine software design just isn't cool enough for the interwebs...
''no commitment, cancel anytime'' credit card required and have to select monthly or yearly payment. right.
Joppe Koers Do you mean this link: www.skillshare.com/signup?redirectTo=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skillshare.com%2Fmembership%2Fcheckout%3Fcoupon%3DYTREALENGINEERING991%26DKZhead%26Dpaid-RealEngineering%26D2018-1-RealEngineering-7%26Dcta-link
I wish I could like this video more than once. Great info. Lots of terms that I've never really understood, but they are starting to sink in. 👍👍👍👍👍
If you still want to learn the stuff better but struggle with the language, feel free to ask. I am not educated in material sciences, but this video I can cover pretty well in more plain English. 😊
I absolutely love your break down of why this process works...I may have to watch it more than once for it to sink in but thank you for the video! Keep up the learning curve :)
THE best video I have found regarding Heat Treatment. Thank you. and Yes. Alec Steele is an amazing young man.
Damn! HAHA! Felt like I was back in an early morning materials engineering lecture but way more interesting! Might have gone over most people's head since there is no easy way to explain this but I appreciate the effort put into this video and my inner engineer is satisfied:)
Finally putting a face to the soothing, irish voice. It's been great seein' ya!
This was really informative. About the science of heat treatment for metals used in all engineering aspects. I like how you showed real life examples of heat treated vs non heat treated metal and also tempered treated metal as well.
I've seen around 10 of your videos....your skill to transition from subject to sponsor smoothly, and somehow still stay on topic, is a legit talent ;)
Could you please make videos about medical devices and how they work. Thank you, Real Engineering
I think he said he was working on one that was related to biomedical engineering with SED or something. He did do it for a degree after all
1:28 hey, look! It's Pilkington! ...as it once ware... part of the show :3
Alec brought me here back when he posted the collaboration videos with you. I have been waiting for this one... Absolutely awesome video. I understood the heat treatment process and why it was used. Now I understand it in much deeper detail including some of the chemistry behind the process. You have earned a new subscriber.
I love this channel really gets me thinking and I feel it gives a well-rounded explanation/variety of the things he is discussing. please keep up the good work!!
This is amazingly informative. I have no idea what you just said but I appreciate you, fam.
All that nonsense I read during my materials engineering course finally makes some sense! Love your videos, they are very comprehensive yet easily understandable.
I agree my material science teacher sucked as well. He was obsessed with calculations. Instead of teaching what happened in the material he would have use calculate the packing factor for FCC and BCC. Stupid.
I worked in NDT (x-ray, mag particle, penetrant), and the analogies used were perfect🖖🏻Nice to see Alec included. Keep up the marvelous work!🤛🏻
I love your videos, I'm an industrial ultrasonic technician and a lot of engineering talk goes into talking to clients when sensitive inspections are carried out on material with defects such as cracking and so on. Thus in my line of work we are required to have a background in materials engineering. I've been trying to put on a class to teach ultrasonics and your videos in steel manufacturing and heat treatment will be great to show in class. Keep up the amazing work!
And as usual an excellent video. I might have to watch it a cople of times more to fully understand what's going on though.
It's a difficult subject, this is really just an intro to it. I linked the main research resource I used in the description, if you want more detail.
@@RealEngineering its like higher mathematics. You have to learn the language and terminology...that was always the hardest part for me. The actual practice and application is FAR easier with the right tools and equipment once you understand the process...at least to me, IMHE. Example: I can make a knife from a known quantity steel and a MDS processing sheet and. HT and tempering oven etc. But if you hand me an unknown quaniity steel, the best I can do is spark test it and HT test a sample. Alec has the EXPERIENCE and you guys have the knowledge and can speak the materials science language. Right now, I need a TRANSLATOR of sorts into simpler language to get the point across. Hence you would do a far better job. And oh yeah...those flying hammer chips and workhardened mushrooming can put a man in the hospital as fast as any firearm! Thats flying razor blades...almost😄
Title made me think you were going to start doing DIY videos and was raising an eyebrow. But I love how you used a project like this to explain this topic. Answered a lot of random small questions I had about this whole process. Great video!
My uncle runs a tool and die shop that’s done some major projects for jet engines and other aerospace stuff, and I asked him to explain heat treating and what is the best method to make the toughest steel and I swear even he didn’t seem to have as good a grasp as this video just explained to me.
love the fact that in 0:24 there is metro station in Prague in Smichovske Nadrazi. Greetings from Czech Republic
Great video, subbed to Alex channel!
*alec* but still
Why I didn't discover this earlier? I would've ace my Materials subject.
Superbly detailed info in such a short video. In 1969 only 7 of us 16 year old kids enrolled into a high school machine shop vocational course. It was morning till lunchtime for our junior and senior years. Within the junior year we made, for example, a screwdriver and a set of V blocks. Explanations of steel, carbon and alloy content, and heat treatment back then were terribly vague. But nonetheless by following the rudimentary instructions we managed to make tough quality tools. Obviously IF we could have had only this 11 minute video it would’ve been a huge AHA.
I watched this video with a big grin on my silly face ! because I studied all this in my material science course last semester. Thank you Brian so much I had ton of fun watching this !
3:13 Companion Cube
The Digital Nerd but remember, the 🍰 is a lie!
That poor vise...
IkesThePyro That is not a typical machinists/bench vice but rather a ‘post vice’ used by blacksmiths to take abuse from hammering. The jaws are forged rather than cast and are long, and hinged together. The screw has massive threads compared to a machinists vice. Lastly, it has a post/leg that extends to the floor to transfer some of the energy from heavy blows. Normally one wouldn’t hit cold metal in it, especially not sideways... so this was a little bit abusive, but nothing it couldn’t handle on rare occasions.
@@blacksmith67 Still, it got a wince from me....
Alec’s channel has some of the best explanations of forging and shaping I’ve seen yet.
Alec Steele was the reason why I got into forging last year, he is amazing to watch.
Ooh! Can I also get a heart?
Hearts for everyone that asks.
dont be so negative m8
Do it like Oprah.
But... a Bowie knife has a hilt...
Aaaah, good old modulus of elasticity curve. ...I remember that from material mechanics class, IN MEDICAL-DENTAL School. Yup, ironic. I spoke to a geophysicist once and he showed me a piece of a meteorite that came from the core of an ancient planet. The structure of the crystals was the size of LEGO due to the extremely long cooling time. 10s-100s of thousands of years. It was one of the very interesting things I have seen in my life. Good video, friend.
@@awashburn6944 Ah, that’s it, then yes, That.
Alec is AWESOME!!! He is great to watch as he creates masterpieces from not much at all.
As an engineer I can say that enginering is fun until you start learning about steel.
As an EE & CS student, what tools do you use to determine the properties? When making the alloys for example, how sensitive is it to variations in temperature (I assume the transition points are somewhat sharp / limited in extent)? Another thing I've been wondering is whether you could use EM fields to control the direction, size, or location of the crystals. Having control over that to a greater degree than with temperature would be very beneficial, I imagine.
I know it's easier to grind out your shape...but you are supposed to hammer and file. also...you hammer like an Englishman. Bang bang bang on one side. Other that that? Great video!
You know that grinding is just a very fast file?
It's really nice seeing someone enthused at bringing real knowledge to the people of this world......what social media should be used for!
Fantastic. I love your content and adding in hands-on experience with Alec is pure genius. Please add more real world reference to your future content.
First
LAST
Abel Lujan im 17secs too Late
Video will get banned in Britain in 3...2...1...
My dad was a high school chemistry teacher in Pittsburgh and loved this stuff.
I find it hard to follow your speech sometimes. Could you leave slightly longer breaks between sentences, and even longer ones between paragraphs? And perhaps a little more inflexion? That would be very helpful.
try waking up, so you can follow.... this should be normal speed, all the other videos you can skip 5 mins every other minute and still have retention.
I've recently started working as an undergrad on steel research and this was helpful, thank you
Hi
i've been trying to find this information for so long, and your video explained it wonderfully, as well as ended my search. thank you!
You just managed to explain that in 10 minutes much more clearly than the tutors I had over a 3 year course of blacksmithing
Great video! You know what your talking about and most importantly WHY you do what you do when working with steel. I see some people just "guessing" as to why they do what they do to the steel when trying to improve it. Thanks for the education!
this was a pretty awesome vid, as i 've been subscribed to alec steele & smarter every day channels for awhile, please keep up this wealth of information flowing & thanks to all you guys
This is beautiful, thank you so much for putting in the time to clearly demonstrate the principles here and cut through the myths. (Not saying the myths are all bad, but they sometimes mislead us.)
Those phase diagrams reminded me of a geothermodynamics class I had, but its awesome seeing it all connect
This is exaclty what I was looking for. Answered all my questions, especially the ones chemistry related. Thanks.
Thanks to this vid I found out about Alec and his amazing channel. Decided to revisit this vid as a tribute. Only now, knowing Alec a bit closer I realized how insane those sledge hammer blows on steel samples were. Fuccc mee, my hair stood up on various places when he gave it to the tempered piece. On more serious note, thanks for explaining this stuff to people!
I was struggling to understand this topic after studying it for 2months in collage. This video taught me all that in just 10 mins. Thank you so much!!!
Very good video showing hardening and tempering with shots of what the steel looks like. Excellent!
I have wonderd about these materials for twenty uears since reading about them in a samurai sword forging book. Thank you for making it so easy to understand!
I watched the entire collaboration for this and I you've made a great piece with Alec. Do you think you could do one explaining tool hardening vice oil or water hardening process? Thanks!
This is such a great video for understanding material science. Thank you!
GREAT VID!!! A lot of info was way above my pat grade, but very informative!! Great job on the blades and great job on explaining all the technical aspects of making the blades!
I pretty much learnt all these in a materials science module in uni, which I found terribly dry. Yet here I am, happily watching this video
I can't believe the amount of information packed in this little video, you're awesome.
A blast from the past... Remembering my major in materials engineering in early 2000
I have just traveled by time machine! That's what an important part of my engineering school was about! Greetings from the Czech republic!
Thank you so much for explaining this in an open and objective manner It all makes sense now