How CEMENT is Made
2023 ж. 23 Там.
2 097 316 Рет қаралды
How CEMENT is Made
Welcome to Factora!
Join us on a fascinating journey as we explore the captivating world of creation and unveil the secrets behind how things are made.
Each video is a mesmerizing showcase of the intricate processes that bring everyday objects to life. From the manufacturing of technological marvels to the creation of delicious culinary delights, we leave no stone unturned in our quest to reveal the artistry and ingenuity that go into making the things we use and enjoy.
Whether you're passionate about engineering, design, or simply curious about the world around you, our channel offers a captivating blend of education and entertainment.
#factora #factory #howthingsaremade
I used to work at a cement factory. The video is factual correct without getting into too many details. Modern grey cement production uses a tower with a calcinator and a cyclone - the cyclone removes a lot of water very quickly. You need less heat to remove the water. The production is sped up multiple times making it far more energy efficient than the rotary kiln. Cement production uses a lot of waste products like the ash mentioned. Waste has become a ressource - you pay for.... Cement production releases a lot of CO2 - however a lot gets trapped again in the process of curing (when the cement hardens).
Yes. Please tell the lefties that cement when curing natural sequsters C02.
Thank you for sharing, glad to hear co2 gets back into the concrete.
are you an engineer?
I did the control systems for a preheater precalciner system. It had a short kiln…the clinker cooler was the hardest to keep smooth control.
Cement absorbs Co2 ? Thought that was just lime ? Cement hardens from hydration though right ?
Background music is annoying.
Retired R/M driver here. Did a good job explaining about cement. The ancient Egyptians had their own version said to contain lava ash. I know this vid was about cement but maybe you could do a series focusing more on concrete.🙏💓
It was the Romans, not the Egyptians. Volcanic ash, called pozzolana, or pozzolan, was mixed with slaked lime, and that mix was mixed with sand and gravel to make Roman concrete. It lasts for thousands of years.
@@robinpage2730 ...and cures in seawater too!
@@robinpage2730 I heard it also had tiny chunks of sea shell embedded in it. Seems the shell was a reservoir of calcium carbonate that seeped into the surrounding cement material over eons and sustained its structure. When we made it, it was all ground very fine for strength and fast set. The Roman stuff lasted, well it still lasts…
@@robinpage2730 Pozzolana is not just a form of volcanic ash but as a sandy form of volcanic ash made out of micro-particles of micro-porous silica almost like diatomaceous earth to allow 10,000 times more surface area to react with the burnt quicklime or slaked lime to form a NON-POROUS calcium silicate which is also very strong. Since the late 1960s many scientists and engineers has been trying to find ways to improve on this principle of calcium carbonate to silica inter-reactions. In the Eastern Roman Empire they have no pozzolana or pozzolana sandy volcanic porous ash but they instead used a substitute called crushed and powderized bricks which has been crushed and grinded until it is as fine as white flour. How long it will last? One archeologist demonstrated how that product is made by mixing an equal volume of burnt quicklime and powderized brick powder and adding sufficient water to form a mortar and slap on on a rock wall wet with sea water to make it water proof and he said "IT IS GOOD FOR THE NEXT 5,000 YEARS!" Others use either silica sand with a silica content of 95%, or silica brick with a silica content of 97% or, quartz-quartzite-diatomaceous earth with a silica content of more than 97% up to more than 99%. They are all crushed, pulverized, grinded, powderized to become as fine as bleached white wheat flour so that they will dissolve in water (water is a universal solvent) and when mixed with water soluble burnt quicklime or slaked lime they form calcium silicate cement. One scientist-engineer went so far by mixing an equal volume of sodium silicate (waterglass with a 50% silica content and 50% sodium carbonate content) mixed and dissolved in hot water and allowed to cool into a viscous liquid similar to honey and then mixed with an equal volume of burnt quicklime or slaked lime until both has completely dissolved together (plus some additional water so that he can add a calculate volume of sand and-or graded gravel which are both mica free so that the resulting cement mortar and-or concrete is very strong) that he ended up with a weird form of almost glassy or glazed form of calcium silicate mortar and-or concrete which is very strong and virtually non-porous!
Modern Portland Cement is simply synthetic volcanic ash. You can use any kind of silicate, it's the temperature, heating and cooling times that determine the quality of the final product.
I run a concrete plant. There are a few batches (recipes) we use all the time for things like driveways, sidewalks, foundations etc but for special projects (large commercial jobs etc) there are hundreds to choose from and my company has experts that can whip up a new one whenever needed. There's also a lot more than just retarder. There's water reducer which also increases the strength of the concrete, fiber (steel, plastic and glass varieties), and we can even change the color of the concrete.
Great tip!
I would definitely qualify as a retarder. Are there job openings?
@@wanderingfido only for the competition ;)
Throw a can of coke in the back of the mixer to slow it down…
@@RajinderYadavdo you snort a sample of the batch to see if there’s enough in there?😂
Very good brief explanation accept one. The finishing process is performed at the time the concrete is curing and not after. Usually 3 to 4 hours after being poured, skreed, floated and or fresno smoothed, a trowel, broom or stamp finish is applied. The only finish performed after curing is acid etching, grinding and polishing. 70% strength it usually obtained after 7 days. 90% after 28 days. Concrete can cure for up to 90 years. The Hoover Dam project was still creating heat from curing years after completion.
I don't even remotely believe that whole Hoover Dam claim. It sounds like another asinine claim to wow and dumbfound the masses.🙄 Are we to believe that they imbeded wireless Tempurature sensors throught the concrete? Concrete Dams are poured in blocks, using a quick curing cement, and each block is essentially cured by the time another block is poured on top of each block. Are we to believe that the Hoover Dam is the one concrete structure in the world that somehow created an anonymous forever lasting chemical reaction that defies Physics?
If you're going to unnecessarily criticise an excellent informative video , the least you could do is basic schooling beforehand. Typical arrogant illiterate American. 'Except' & 'screed' by the way . Apology accepted
Except not accept
Thanks. Learning to accept criticism.
Oh, Thanks. I didn't no.
Cyndrilical! Nice.
It's 5am in the morning and I'm learning about cement...pretty dope.
I do construction work and I never actually knew what cement was made of. It can be a lot of physical labor though especially when doing larger pours, or working with drier concrete. I’ll bet working in the rock quarry blowing up rocks and operating large machinery would be super fun though
The video is very well made - but the background music is intrusive.
My uncle is Aliko Dangote, believe it or not.
This was an VERY well made video. Clear, concise and well explained. Great job!
Glad you enjoyed it!
What’s happening on the thumbnail?
@@Factora_engstop using words over and over you bore people and sound repetitive like crazy
And he's very good with the words me thinks.
Thanks for the information! I'm now able to start manufacturing cement
I thought cement was just a mixture of various minerals, I had no idea it had to be manufactured 😂🤦
I always wondered where cement came from since it gets hard when wet. I thought it had to be mined from deep underground or something.
Ino video Iko sawa kabisaaa
A good general knowledge video. Important information all in one place. Well done!
Glad it was helpful!
fairly thorough, but I would have liked to hear about the Donnely nut spacing and crack system rim riding rip configuration.
I use AKM cement and I'm from wonderful 🇮🇳😂🎉
Cement, concrete and how about Portland?
Years ago I worked at the only admixture and crete curing compound plant in the U.S. Now this plant is gone , and many others have popped up I realize how important my job was.
A cyndrilical furnace - that's something I'd liketo see! (1:44)
Some are huge and are lined with 6-9in brick to keep in the heat. It's pretty cool to see one while running. The heat the put off is crazy.
my hungry ass could never work at a cement factory🍴
I’m used to hearing “Seamint” on the job site
What a marvelous finding!
Amennn, and, i wonder, why it wasn't invented by our black brothers ... ?
you telling me Lime trees and Sky scrapers have something in common?
The batch man (person who batches the concrete) can make or break your day.
I haul dry cement from time to time and it’s nasty stuff it’s so fine it gets everywhere and at the end of the day you gotta blow it all out of your nose
Wear a good quality face mask. The dust will kill you faster than smoking. I am 70 years old, and retired. I occasionally worked around carbon black refineries. I wore a full quality face mask and used petroleum jelly around my ears. I still had to blow my nose to get rid of some carbon black. I never never got in my vehicle before a good shower. Carbon black is just like coal, causing black lung cancer.
This puts into perspective how complex something so common is..
we takea da powder and put it on the belt and then some other belts come by and the powder in da mixer and pour out da cement good job bub. i had no audio on while watching but thats how they make cement im pretty sure
This really buttered my bisquit,thanks!
You forgot to include "Slump" and "Air Entrainment"!
The part where he started talking about the clinker and the clinker cooler (02:10). It reminded me of that one Rick and Morty episode with the Plumbus. 😅😂😂😂😂
Retired RM, Kiln and CM operator here..very good explanation.
Awesome, I hate when people call Concrete, Cement
limetone, clay and wood ashes...the wood ashes are the major key as the acid in it causes a very hot chemical reaction that the more burning hot the concrete gets the better and harder it will turn out. just don't over mix and trap micro air bubbles in the concrete or it will be porous and soft and not very good concrete which is permeable by water. sand and gravel are just inexpensive fillers which is why romans used boulders and then stones to cap off and shape larger projects. using coal ash has the wrong kinds of elements in it that cause more crystallization of the weaker type thus making a weaker concrete that erodes. proof is in the roman aqueducts which still stand to this day and the coliseum and used a specific italian volcanic ash which causes the best chemical reactions to form an ultra hard concrete. volcanic ash has already been properly dried as it came straight out of the earths core at a million some degrees
Best Wishes
"Aaaah, it's a clinker! I knew it!!!"
The first thing that ran through my head!
Anyone know what ‘cyndrillical’ means??? I’ve heard of cylinders. I’ve heard of Cinderella. Never heard about no sin-drill-ah-kul.
Wait what ?? Who in the world thought cement and concrete is the same thing ? That's so dumb..
very, very, very Informative video
Glad it was helpful!
Worked at a cement plant for a few!! Raw meal is cooked to become clinker, then mixed with gypsum to make cement!! Mix cement with rocks (aggregate) becomes concrete....
Hey! I'm making a documentary about cement factory workers. I would love to hear about your time working there.
Excellent video!
I always wondered about cement, thanks
You bet!
Hapa kwetu Tanzania 🇹🇿 tunachimba sementi nyingi sana ila tunuziwa bei sawa na bure
"Fasten or slow down..." 😂
01:41 "Cindrylical"
🤔
Wow.This is wonderful. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you!
thx for information
This sound like how to make plumbus.
Cool your clinker, Buddy
Amazing...thanx
Oh I thought you could grow concrete and therefore also cement?
It’s CONCRETE dammit!!
4:54 what came first concrete or a concrete slab?
What a great video!
Glad you enjoyed it!
1:40 The narrator says: A long "cyndrilical" furnace... instead of cylindrical.
In South Africa we found a very very efficient way to make concrete without using heat.
How would that be ??
1:11 - “sub-SEE-kwent” - hahahahaha
It's "cylindrical", not "cyndrillical".
Far too much CO2 emitted by cement and concrete based construction. We need to find alternatives ASAP
🤯
Excellent video
Thank you very much!
Amazing technology, still wondering how the entire world was covered in amazing structures as early as the 13th century, how was that possible?
stable food supply, the rest follow after, mostly from boredom or one up your rival
@@mandalamarcho7997 Amen, Because, before that, people had to spend most of their ime just working 4 the food 4 surviving. That is why the Progress couldn't be achieved.
The only question I have now is how do the Chinese manage to make concrete of such low quality that you can poke your finger through crumbling it with ease?
You actually believe this?
Thanks expose about cement made.i work before lafarge,inland and miron montreal quebec.cement production change a lots last 50 years.quality is a must a saw own eye when concrete is not made correcty so batch is reject.lafarge just finish huge modernize plant exshaw alberta for future production demand.precast come long way too lots bridge now have lots stuff prefab save lots time and money.thanks video😊
Fly ash is in fact coal ash... produced by coal power plants. What are we going to substitute for it if we shut down all the coal plants? I can tell you, fly ash is almost as strong as concrete all by itself when prepared properly. I used to work construction and had to try to demo it. That sucked. Concrete will be much weaker without it. What are we going to build with?
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤beautiful piece
I wish you could get good concrete here in Thailand. No fibers here. I asked about it and they just say no and shine me on
Cyndrilical? Sub-seeekant?
Gotta get me one of those cyndrilical furnaces!
Me2 !!! ! !!! 😀
Fascinating and what's also impressive is at my local store I can get a 20 kg (44 lbs) bag for $8.50 That is cheap after seeing all the work that goes into making it
40kg of cement is only 3.88 dollars
Cement isn’t concrete. But yeah, in Idaho 80 pounds of premix concrete is $7.62
I saw a video that explained it well. The girl said that cement is to concrete as flour is to bread.
That’s a good comparison. I’m going to be using that from now on.
Great video. I'm going to send people here when they tell me that concrete is called cement
Cool, thanks
Can you do sweets like gummy bears? 🎉
really good video... concrete is everywhere, but we only seem to notice when it fails
Especially if it’s in China and not in the correct quantities as it should have been. Tofu-Dreg project is so very bad that buildings are failing. Very bad
Cement has a life of 100 years where as ancient Romans Indians and Egyptians used only limestone as binding material for their construction. Their constructions are still standing even after 1000's of years. Are we are missing something here, definitely, like the video said cement industry is worth more that $600 billion and limestone is freely available just need to dig and transport.
They added pozzolan (volcanic ash, which makes the lime putty/aggregate mix smoother and easier to work) and eventually realized that it actually reacted chemically with the lime to make a hydraulic cement. The secret is the silicates and aluminates in the ash. Clay also contains these compounds, that's why it's a raw ingredient in Portland cement. The difference is, we burn it much hotter than they did. The clinker we depend on for fast setting times, was garbage to the Romans. The chemistry is not good for durability.
Modern concrete can carry much greater loads.
@@larrybarnes3920 😂
Perhaps modern concrete can carry much greater loads than way back then, but not many people need it to do that, so why can’t we just get an option to buy the same stuff the Romans put out ?
The main difference between roman concrete and modern is the larger chunks of quicklime they mixed in, this made the concrete "self healing" and therefore can last longer. Today you can buy concrete that has a similar composition as roman concrete but better in every way, the only problem is that it is waaay more expensive... and most chooses to not sell it. In fact most buildings today are calculated to last just 50-100 years and therefore expensive concrete is not needed. If you want to see the best concrete we can create today look att the concrete in nuclear waste storage bunkers, that concrete often uses iron ore as aggregate and is calculated to last 1000+ years :)
That's one tuff gal. God bless yall
🙌
This is really interesting!
Concrete lighter than air spotted at 5:42! Industry is lying to us that concrete is heavy >:(
excellent !! thanks
This has strong Rick and Morty vibes lol
😅
where is the guy that scrape the rock in the picture
If i have limestone and clay could it possible to makes cement at home.? I know that buying much cheaper than making, but i have the problems with transportation.
Great video
The forbidden pizza dough
Concrete is cement with an aggregate. That is all
1:42: "Cindrilical"??? Seriously?
DIdn't know concrete was so fussy. How did the romans get it right?
Is this Ohorongo Cement from Namibia am seeing at 2:43 to 2:57? Proudly Namibian..
Worked at the Medusa plant in Pennsylvania, they used a long kiln
I had a customer who was a cement factory in Nevada. They had a sign up that said "Number of days since last fatality", along with pictures of men who had died working there. That long kiln and what comes out at the end is dangerous.
First, you take the dinglepop, and you smooth it out with a bunch of schleem. The schleem is then repurposed for later batches. Then you take the dinglebop and push it through the grumbo, where the fleeb is rubbed against it. It's important that the fleeb is rubbed, because the fleeb has all of the fleeb juice. Then a Shlami shows up and he rubs it, and spits on it. Then you cut the fleeb. There's several hizzards in the way. The blaffs rub against the chumbles, and the plubus and grumbo are shaved away. That leaves you with a regular old plumbus!
I lived on Portland for a while.
So did Bill.
Wow that is so cool
I know 🤯
On fire bro
💪
Cheer~~~a powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay. It is mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.😊
Cydrilical???
thanks your videos are great!
Glad you like them!
How did they make cement before all the heavy machinery, I would prefer to see cement made by hand.
fascinating
But how did they every figure out that this is even possible? Who discovered that if you take that particular type of rock, crush it, heat it, crush it etc it becomes cement. People in the past were so smart. What we do today is developing. In the past they really invented stuff.
Probably the same fella who worked out you could get milk from a cow.
Lime mortar had been used for thousands of years, but takes weeks to cure. The Romans sometimes experimented with additives to modify the workability of the liquid mix. They added pozzolan (volcanic ash, which makes the mix very smoothly workable) and discovered that it actually reacted with the lime to make a hydraulic cement.
Once humans had fire, I think all it took was for someone to put a limestone rock or maybe some sea shells in the fire (calcium). When it gets hot enough, the rock breaks down to a powder. When that powder gets wet again it will solidify. This is basic lime. Cement is a relatively new variation that adds sand (silica) to change the hardness of the finished product.
@@steveburian6880 Yeah so cement is actually also a development instead of an invention 🤔 But it's true, I think a lot of stuff has just been stumbled upon.
In Canada we call the powder Cement and the mixture Concrete. In the U.S. it's often Cement for everything which can get confusing.