Choosing Composite Reinforcements for Impact Strength; Kevlar, Carbon, Innegra, Diolen
►Full Project Guide: www.easycomposites.co.uk/learning/choosing-composite-reinforcements-for-impact-strength
Further information and links ▼
This tutorial is the third in a four-part series following a project to make lightweight, super-tough sledges for a polar world-record expedition. Find out about the project in this interview with Expedition Coordinator Alex Hibbert: kzhead.info/sun/n81wpctsZJ1qoKM/bejne.html
Products featured in this tutorial:
► Kevlar Cloth www.easycomposites.co.uk/300g-22-twill-kevlar-cloth
► Innegra Cloth www.easycomposites.co.uk/120g-plain-weave-black-innegra
► Diolen Cloth www.easycomposites.co.uk/300g-plain-weave-diolen-cloth
► Carbon Fibre Cloth www.easycomposites.co.uk/200g-22-twill-3k-carbon-fibre-cloth
► Polyester Gelcoat www.easycomposites.co.uk/clearpol-iso-npg-clear-polyester-gelcoat
► Graphite Powder www.easycomposites.co.uk/graphite-powder-filler
► Infusion Resin www.easycomposites.co.uk/in2-epoxy-infusion-resin
► Laminating Resin www.easycomposites.co.uk/el2-epoxy-laminating-resin
Damn this channel really just taught me more about material science in 15min than a semester-long ME class
That's weird isn't it?
This is like the very best Open University programs from the 1980’s. I love it!!😃
This is an amazing channel. Thank you for the information. I've decided to start my own carbon fiber project thanks to you. Cheers
Right there with you. Once I finally get space to do it, fenders and hood will be my eventual goal.
@@chaseweeks2708 hell yeah good luck when you get there. "Santa" got me a one wheel so I'm going to make a fender. After watching this episode I'm learning toward that diolen cloth. It's actually really affordable.
Fabulous to hear folks, good luck with your ventures/projects!
I can't stop watching these very educational videos on composites. Help for beginners with well laid out formats and directs you to their products. KZhead PERFECTION!
Well said!
Thank you, that’s great to hear.
I am so grateful for easy composites. About to place a close to a thousand dollar order after having spent the last two years watching the majority of their youtube catalog and experimenting with vacuum bagging wooden skateboard layups. I am excited to receive my carbon fiber cloth, infusion materials, and more at a cost that including VAT and shipping is less than my local suppliers in California while supporting the company that gave me the confidence to evolve my product prototyping skills to include composites.
Glad we are able to help at a decent cost even as far as the USA away from us.
Alex Hibbert has 40,700 subscribers. I am one of them. That being said thank you for supporting him. He seems like a solid chap.
Yes is is, he's also a keen composites enthusiast and a long standing customer so it was great to do something with him. He's producing a fascinating series on the restoration of 'Allan', the lifeboat, that he's been doing through lock-down (which I'm sure you're following on 'alex hibbert originals').
What would be interesting is a sandwich of Kevlar core with Diolen outer to see if the advantages of both combine in a superior way.
BOB - Yes! In my younger days, I had multiple Fabrics Bonded together, for just this idea! Then I had S-Glass, Kevlar, & Carbon Fibre, to work with, but only small samples, and no testing gear!
Was about to type the exact thing.
I was thinking the same thing. I’m sure a mix of 3 or 4 of the materials would be a good combo..
Yep, compositing the composites! I was thinking the same.
afaik it isn't very interesting to mix multiple composite because they don't flex/break the same way : because it almost doesn't flex the carbon will take all the load and break first then all the load will be on the others layers and again the stiffer remaining material break first One way it could be beneficial is on multiple features of the same piece where the stress is different
We need a video comparing different layering techniques, or combinations of different fibres.
I love your vids. This kind of info is difficult to come by. Whether it is the materials properties explained, or the build techniques you so kindly give to the DIY world.
Thank you for making all these videos, I learn so much from all of them and my composite projects have gotten so much better since I've started watching your videos!
Thanks Delinlo, that's great to hear.
The level of particularity is from another world on this channel.
It's alive! Lovely channel!
One of the most informative if not the most informative channels on youtube! No long talking, straight into the testing and results. I really love this channel!
Appreciate the really kind feedback, it's comments like this why we keep uploading videos!
you folks are amazing! inspiring high-end work as always.
Thank you guys, back at you!
So many knowledge and experience in one video.. thanks your team so much!
Paul is, hands down, THE BEST composites instructor EVA!
Thanks Thomas!
11:20 loved that prepreg introduction! =)
I just discovered your videos and they're some of the best out there even if I don't fully understand all of it! Love it! Thank you!
Appreciate the kind feedback! We'll have more videos up soon :)
Really outstanding job explaining the application, what you are testing for, explaining results - very clear!
Thank you, appreciated.
I love the clarity and use of actual strength test in this video. Very nice method and explaination of your reasoning. J
Thank you Jay!
This is really good engineering. Good job. Nice clean short explanation of why to choose various materials.
Glad you enjoyed Iain!
You have a lovely and clean shop. Thanks for the test results.
Glad you enjoyed :)
Please, All the *this*! All the youtube of this right here. Solid qualitative results plus with reasonable methodology equals an approachable and informative video for us real world problem solvers. Keep it up! I'll be looking at you guys when it comes time to buy.
Thank you very much Ryan, your feedback is appreciate. We’re problem solvers too, less theory, more ‘what will make a different *today*’. Look forward to working with you.
Like I said before... You are doing a great job with all this information. I am an automotive technician and also a construction worker for many years. I see the need for this materials in both fields. You have just answered the question I had in my mind about resistance to impact of carbon fiber. Thanks
You're most welcome, glad you're finding this information helpful.
Awesome video and great info within. Kudos.
Brilliant video!
Very vivid and transparent shown.
Beautiful simply beautiful
Best videos in the webs! You have taught me so much over the years. Thank you. 🇦🇺🤜🏼🤛🏼😎🍀🍀🍀
Thank you for the feedback Steve, good to hear from you.
Excellent video!
That was a really interesting and clear video, thanks! As a RC boat fanatic, I find these video's a veritable gold mine of information!
Thanks Remko, glad you enjoyed it!
@@easycompositestv I'm already looking forward to the next video.... :)
I was hoping to find videos of your RC boats on your channel. No such luck. I think it would be a lot of fun to see your boats. I agree with you about these videos. They're great.
Extremely interesting video
Great video, and very useful for what I'm doing. I need to construct a battery box for a sprint kart with 420 18650 cells. Impact strength and structural strength are key, along with light weight. Kevlar looks like the best choice of these, and is much superior in terms of weight compared to thin welded aluminum plate, plus it's almost non-conductive.
As someone who is VERY interested in the fast lightweight vehicles, I love this video and would love more that delve into predicting strength and selecting materials and techniques to meet those strength requirements.
Thanks Austin, we'll certainly do more on material selection in the future.
@@easycompositestv thank you! I will be looking forward to it!
Great video nice to see some tests of different fibers 👍
Thaks Fabrice, glad you enjoyed it
This video should be on your shops learning section! I was just looking for exactly this video there and was about to comment somewhere that you should make one, but here it is :D Man great channel!
Hi, thanks for your comment, glad you enjoyed the video! All of our videos can be found on our website here; www.easycomposites.co.uk/learning.
@@easycompositestv Oh, thats where I looked, but it seems like I was just blind. Sorry^^
Excellent video
This is more intriguing channel here to seen those existing materiale inventory that I've never been found wayback more than 20 years ago
Very interesting test comparisons. It would be great to see the failure chart done with strength to weight instead of just purely strength. It would really give you an idea of the true difference between the products because weight is very often a big consideration for any laminate. Love the videos though, keep up the good work!
Great suggestion!
Love those videos
Thanks François :)
Love the experiments.
Thanks Connie, glad you enjoyed them.
I would like to see which results a combination of a flexible structure (Innegra/Diolen) and a high load structure (Kevlar/carbon) compares.
fantastic vid, thanks guys, this is what good sales is about.
Glad you enjoyed the video Manu!
Great video!!
waiting for the next video!)
i cant wait for the next video and really wish you make more videos
Thanks Amir, we're doing our best! The final part on this one won't be long.
@@easycompositestv thank you so much also if you can make a tutorial about composite planes please, thank you so much for all your hard work
@@easycompositestv you are the best, i almost learned all i know about composite with your toturials and matthieu libert page, your page gave me enough confidence to make parts myself and i never can thank you enough for it, you and matthieu
Great video! Nice testing and well explained! Was just a bit disappointed not seeing the carbon/Kevlar hybrid in the testing as I assume it is designed to solve the problem of having to chose between Kevlar or carbon for stiffness or impact! Keep up the good work, can't wait for the next video 👌
Hi Matt, thanks for your comments. Maybe we should have included carbon/Kevlar but we had to decide to stop somewhere. There were lots of other fibres we could have tested (PBO, UMHMPE etc.) and then there are hybrids of all of these fibres. We could probably have tested 20 laminates and still missed some obvious combinations. To address carbon/Kevlar specifically, although it might seem an obvious choice, the problem with a hybrid like this, for this application, is the failure mode: because Kevlar offers less stiffness and has a higher elongation than the carbon, in the event of a heavy impact on a carbon/Kevlar hybrid the Kevlar can (potentially) elongate past the maximum strain of the carbon, the carbon will break, leaving the Kevlar holding things together but possibly doing only that, holding it together. If you had another 2 months to drag a compromised sledge across the ice, you'd probably wish you'd made it all out of Kevlar.
excellent study
Thank you.
THIS IS SO INTERESTING!
Thanks Mr. Robert
great stuff
top presentation
Thank you Peter.
Excellent video. Thanks.
Thanks Cameron, glad you liked it!
I'm reviewing here and I'll venture that wet sanded and buffed graphite infused resin would be slickest in both categories. Of course kevlar is often used as an outside layer because it's unbeatable against grinding friction. Incredibly difficult to wear through a kevlar splitter where a carbon one will disappear with every passing contact. A kevlar outer layer, followed by a few layers of innegra, and stiffened on the inside with carbon is the best multicomposite mix. If you have a human on the inside, layers of kevlar prevent carbon fiber intrusion in your soft parts. High end carbon aircraft line the cockpit with kevlar for that reason. In the multi layer I described previously, the layers of innegra diffuse the impact over a larger area. Material combinations absolutely work and are frequently used in aerospace.
I was also thinking about mixing these materials but not just multilayered; what about using a different material threads in a weave or mixing the materials fibers one process up when being spun into a thread
@@christopheb9221 you can get it. Spread tow triaxial fabric carbon/kevlar is as light as it gets with stiffness but a little flex before breaking.
The issue with Kevlar is it does not join to inself at all well so i would be using it as the core material. And you cant sand it, it just fluffs up.
You people are awesome ! Thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Hi Filippao, thanks for your comment! Glad you enjoy the content!
Good one. Please make a video on split mold infusion and rtm
Hi Rohan, yes, we’ll do this. The next video is a very in-depth infusion guide, it’s not split so won’t cover what you’re after, but certainly will have a lot of useful information for you.
This is great info as I am making parts for sports cars and needed to know what material would have the best resistence to impact - primarily rocks thrown up by the tires into the fender well. Currently the cars have ABS, but when it gets cold it fractures. Having a combination of materials would probably be the best and I've settled on carbon/kevlar for the wheel side and carbon fiber for the engine side. Thanks for the series - I'm looking forward to the next one to see how you lay up the sledge.
Great, glad it's been interesting/useful. We hope your project goes well :)
next episode maybe test more materials like basalt , glass comparsion 0/90* to 45/45* etc , weight to stiffness etc
Basalt is the future
appreciated!
Very interesting. Much of this applies to canoes as well. I would love to learn more about how combining layers would impact weight and strength of a 16 foot prospector canoe. The work horse of the north.
Hi Molly, well, you might be very interested to see one of our forthcoming tutorials where we make a 16ft canoe! Make sure you’re subscribed 😀
Alpine Skiers have highly molecular Graphite sintered contact surface to the snow. The contact surface get an structured surface finish. The same when you apply wax on it. You brush the wax to reintroduce the structured surface. Structuring reduces adhesion and friction. Well on the slides for the expedition you will have the gelcoat, and you won't do waxing, but better think about microstructured surface. Furthermore there is electrostatic charging and the resulting brake effect. The Graphite in the contact surface of an Alpine Ski is most important here. There was the Blizzard V20 RS (Giant Slalom). Originally highly oversaturated with graphite. The FIS requested Blizzard to reduce the amount of Graphite even in the serial production Ski. I still have one pair before the Change of the recipe. This Ski is infernal fast. My proposal would be to experiment with gelcoat which is saturated with Graphite and get an structured finish. A company which could be on your wavelenght regarding Innovation and Challenge is e.g. Völkl / Voelkl (Straubing, Germany). Maybe they have an idea how to structure a gelcoat. They've invented the Speedwall(s), which is(are) the Sidewall(s) of the Ski. This Speedwall is structured as well and gets waxed as Well. Just think about this Speedwall in gelcoat. That could be a explanation, which the Völkl / Voelkl Experts understand. Would be Teflon /PTFE too soft for the Skids?
Thanks for the considered input here, and it's something @easycomposites and I have discussed prototyping in future, but where there's time to test/break and not on a critical expedition. The impact resilience of PTFE meant it was discounted.
I'm glad to see the friction testing after sanding. I would have thought that this would be a big concern for the sled. The runners or other gliding surfaces may become abraded after several tens of miles of hauling, and testing the friction results of pristine surfaces may not reflect changes with use.
Yes, that’s what we thought too, although, as mentioned in the video, the Dark Ice team said that generally the underside of the sledges come back almost as new.
If you avoid rock/grit, the gelcoats usually end up with almost no abrasion over ice and snow. I have a sledge that's done over 1500miles, and has a perfect 'as new' gloss surface still. Oddly, here we found the sanded graphite-filled resin was lower in friction, so an improvement compared to unsanded/glossy, filled epoxy.
@@AH-ns2wh Darn, no videos of your sledge on your channel. I think it would be fun to see your sledge.
@@ddegn Aha! It's heading out onto the ice this winter. Stay tuned.
More tec info like this please.
Wonder what the test would show for a Kevlar/Carbon hybrid?
That's a very professional material comparison. I hope you make a comparison for a hangglider, too. I really wonder what would be the lightest options for a Klingberg mk2. Also, if there is a signifant difference between high pressure carbon fiber vs laminated vs braided(?)
Hi Hanes, that might be a bit too specific for a general audience but we’ll try to keep providing more general guidance that would be applicable to projects like a hang glider.
Hi! I had Zwick build me a friction test rig that can be used with the crosshead in the machine (does not work with videoextentiometer). This is not to be used for an absolute value, only comparative use. Is there a particular reason for not performing a tensile test? If you are following a IEC standard, Im am pretty shure that it is requiered to freeze the samples for a specific amount of time. Nice video and an interesting project!
I rarely comment on KZhead videos but I must say I am incredibly impressed by this and all your videos. I've watched about ten tonight alone, and plan to finish the series and review as needed. Thank you so much. Could you elaborate a little on the method (calculation) for obtaining bending stress data from (I presume) force data provided by the testing rig? I seem to remember doing some of that in school but I cannot remember the process.
On our testing machine, depending how you set it up, it will actually give usable stress and strain data without doing further calculations and will give the data needed to draw the graphs seen in the video.
UHMWPE will require mechanical fixing to the sled, It is very hard to get adhesion to UHMWPE in surfaces that flex. If you wanted to attach a sheet of it to the sled I would recommend milling fine dovetail grooves at a 50% material fill rate or impregnating a stainless exposed mesh to act a a "keying" material. If it was something rigid than Loctite and other corporations offer primers for low energy plastics but in practice the suffer from adhesive release in high impact or inconstant surface stretching situations. Silicon spray or CRC 2-26 are both great Hydrophobic lubricants and coatings that flex and won't damage Most** plastics. WD40 and CRC5-56 will yellow and damage plastics but will temporarily act as a good hydrophobic coating but is still not recommended.
Any worries with silicone spray contamination of the shop/paint booth/molds?
What did you have in mind for bonding the UHMW film? Ive used scotchweld DP-8005 with great success for bonding 3d printed brackets to pelican cases (polypropylene blend) but thats not exactly a laminating resin. IIRC it has a rather potent chemical that was a cross linker to allow it to cross link the acrylic adhesive base to typically chemical resistant plastics (UMHWPE, POM, PE, PP, PTFE, etc) but it was also good at cross-linking DNA and being carcinogenic, so I would actually make sure to use it in a fume hood, be mindful of gloves, rather than the more casual way that something like JB weld may get used.
Helpful video tutorial, to imagine my upcoming project. Thank you for that. But i do have a question about the calculation that is being used for tensile strength. Because how did you know that this was good enough for this build? It would be really helpful for me, if you can make a tutorial on this. Cheers
The testing here was done purely for comparative figures rather than specific structural calculations. Mechanical data for structural calculations is available and commonly used, however it doesn't always show the full picture hence the slightly modified testing as well as the impact rig and friction testing to tailor it for this specific project.
Excellent! I don't want to sound greedy, but I would sure like to see more about engineering propeties of composites. Maybe even principles for controlling directional strength and flexibility? I'm trying to combine light weight and flexibility, with localized rigidity. I've taught myself a couple tricks so far, but I know there is a lot I don't know!
Hi Freddy, thanks for the feedback and suggestions. We’d like to do more on these subjects too so we’ll keep this in mind.
The first thing I'd do is ask what the ski and snowboard builders use for the bearing surface and do that, including the waxing process directly before use. That's not a new technology, and if you wanted to make sure your resin bonds well to it, just test a piece. The difference between skiing on wax thats seen just a few days of use is noticeable when you rewax them, it's way more slippery.
Very interesting video! What about the carbon fiber and kevlar blend ?
Would love this as well
What’s a good way to simulate the energy demand when manufacturing natural and synthetic FRPC
Just seen a video from a company developing a new eco friendly delivery vehicle and they were using flax composite.. Remembered watching this video, so I thought I'd come back and ask if you have or would do a comparison update with that, see how viable it is...
Now I know what my dream job is
Hello, thx for all the different videos, can you please make a video about all different kind of release agents and how to apply them on glassy or normal surface to be as smooth as possible and without haziness?or how mant layer needed .?? etc .... I think it's nice subject for a video
Hi Slim, thanks for the suggestion. Yes, that would make quite a useful video. Not likely to be a million-viewer but certainly of interest to those actually working with composite materials. We'll keep it in mind.
@@easycompositestv thanks for taking into consideration my proposal, it might not get 1M views but who knows since there's no video speaking about the subject in detail, you might be suprised. and Since there a lot of types of releases so you can cover a lot of topics (which purpose for each release agent?, how to apply? which one to choose for each case?) etc ... it will definitly be a good learning material for beginners and people with intermediate level.
Hello. Congrats about your videos. Really useful to get into a lot of things without physically go to a lab or production site. I got a question: can you explain why laminating at 45deg orientation is so easier than laminating at zero please? Thanks in advance
Well, laminating at 45 degrees is only any easier if you’re laminating over a feature (corner for example) which is aligned at 45 degrees to the reinforcement. It’s to do with the way that the reinforcement distorts to accommodate the feature. Because the fibres can’t stretch, and they don’t particularly want to ‘bend’ either, it becomes noticeably easier to use a 45 degree fibre orientation in corners.
@@easycompositestv So it is basically depending on the geometry, meaning laminating at 45 is actually easier only because usually the main geometrical features are "aligned" with the fibers for a ply at 0deg/90deg. Thanks so much for answering. Have a great day
I wonder if you should test molybdenum disulfide and/or teflon? Is it even comparable with gell coat? I have heard of using teflon filled epoxy as an anti adhesive surface. It is just about impossible to repair though, and I have always wondered about the moly...
I bought a stack of stuff from you all ready all very good extremely happy, just want to point out I have an odd expertise in graphene and burnt toast, is very good good so in with a mould release agent and left on the surface they can be good good protecting against extreme cold or used for instance on an exhaust. graphene which is the inside of a pencil if you, zap some in a blender and leave it on a surface yes it has very good lubrication qualities probably for the outside of the Sledge or somewhere were wingnut works against a piece of carbon fibre that doesn't want to get locked into position cosmetically are not very attractive but extremely functional please do more videos excellent stuff
Thanks for the comment and your custom. I'm slightly intrigued by your expertise in 'burnt toast', maybe it's a language thing, or humour, or maybe you really do have a niche expertise in overly toasted bread!? Either way we wish you well and look forward to hearing what you're making with the materials you've ordered from us :)
@@easycompositestv NO,,,, if you put some burnt toast in your hand and then put a blow torch on it ,,, you cannot feel the heat thru the burnt toast ,,, its thermal qualities are verry dificult to beat with anny other man made substance ,,, even try making bread in the shape you want , carbonizing it and covering it in your best heat resistant resin , so im thinking exausts , hot engine parts etc ,,,, if you dont belive me just google youtube ,,, thermal qualities of burnt toast ,,, !!!! also heeeeed my word ,,, putting graphene which is an ultra gtood machanical lubricant , on the top layer ov your mould release so it comes out and sticks to the resin ,,, im using it to make guitar frets where wire strings rub over the frets constantly ,,,, it also conducts and stores electrical current ,,, please use your creative minds for this one ,,,, i love your products and vidios by the way ,,,,, please more ok !
Use UHMWPE sheet to reduce friction!
Great video ! I'm wondering what would be the outcome of the impact test if the constraint is to keep the integrity of the structure behind the laminate. My use case is a carbon sandwich sailboat bow with a sacrificial shield to protect from log strikes). Deflection become a more important factor which may place the carbon back on top of the leaderboard.
You would probably want some kind of foam between the two surfaces so that the foam absorbs the deflection of the outer layer to prevent excess energy being transmitted into the structure behind.
I'd be interested to know your view on basalt fibre. It's main feature is a very high impact resistance.
To be totally honest Philip, we don't have much experience of basalt fibre. We'll bear it in mind for the future.
mix in some innegra w/carbon, is great stuff.
We've used Innegra before, but if I remember right, ours was white. To cut the dry cloth we had to tape both sides and use a cut off wheel on a die grinder to cut it. We couldn't cut it with scissors. It's what they're using as the tether material for Indycars to tether the wheels, nose, etc to the tubs.
innegra and aramid based fabrics will cut with dedicated aramid shears
would be interesting to see the yield results on those materials based on similar density rather than similar thickness to take advantage of their properties
Some company has a hybrid fabric weaving innegra with basalt fibers. Basalt fibers have about the same strength as e-glass. But the combination of the two seems to provide the durability of the innegra with strength of fiberglass. It would be very interesting to see you two destructive tests done on that material.
Hi Dimitri, thanks for the comment. Indeed there are hundreds of different 'hybrid' fabrics which combine properties of different fibre types, unfortunately it would go on almost forever if we'd tested all of these materials! Basalt/Innegra could be interesting, as would basalt/glass. Maybe we'll do a video all about hybrid fabrics in the future which would allow us to dive deeper into those type of reinforcements in paricular.
Hi Paul, Very interesting approach in the comparison between materials! Really enjoy the way you present the videos! Congrats man!!! But I'm wondering here... It's known that sailboats for high latitude sailing are made of aluminum due to strength and elongation against an ice impact. Do you believe that the results you got are applicable for composite hulls in a high latitude sailing?
Hi Paulo, well, we certainly don't claim to be breaking any new ground here, this is - as much as anything - a demonstration of what is already known about the materials we tested. But, to answer your question, it would certainly be possible to engineer and composite hull that would outperform an aluminium hull in all respects, given the right design, testing and construction. This is because there are just far many more options available in a composite laminate than there are with aluminium, and because many of the materials available significantly outperform aluminium, therefore it's just inevitable that a composite hull, done right, would be unbeatable.
@@easycompositestv There are also different requirements for ship hulls vs expedition sledges, and of course in the renewed/curious use of stainless steel in modern space craft. Metals, unless carefully and robustly coated, could cause issues with icing on snow surfaces, and would be a hazard if in contact with bare skin as they conduct heat so fast.
Very nice tests. And here's the But... What about hybrid composites? Layering the white fibers with keflar in the center? Don't know how many layers were used but putting about a third of them as Keflar in the middle of the stack would make for an interesting test I would think. And on a side note, testing impact with the outercoat applied would be important to. To see how the coat gets damaged in the process and what that would do for the friction with the ice and snow.
The tests shown were designed specifically for the sledge and its expected use so we have had to limit the scope of what was tested and shown. But yes there could be a lot of different combinations tested that might have different results.
Thank you KZhead Algorithm I needed urgently to know what's the best material for a sledge
Hey, you never know when it might just come in handy :)
I've learned more through this company than any videos I've watched from U.S. based companies..Extemely informative.....Now, the question is, what combination of these materials will give you the best strength to weight ratio in all areas....I'm thinking a layer of carbon as outer for initial impact strength, then a layer of kevlar, and finish with 2 layers of diolen....let the carbon takes the initial hit, the kevlar backing that up and then the diolen as a method of extending the overall strenth with some flexibility should the carbon and kevlar completely fail on impact....oh, the ideas that come to mind...I bet it would be great fun making and testing various combinations of these materials...as well as educational...OR, maybe diolen exterior layers, 2, then kevlar, then carbon....hmmm...ideas....
It entirely depends on the design of the part, there is no set answer. You would ideally need to do comparative structural calculations or testing to sort the best combination.
@@easycompositestv Couldn't agree more...I think it would be enjoyable, along with educational, to do a lot of various testing combinations for various applications...
I'd be curious to see the same tests on S-glass.
I want to make a concrete mould that pushes out the content after it is formed and I was thinking of using a fibreglass to help me form the shape and reinforce it with steel to give it extra strength to avoid bulging, can it really work?
Awesome vid man, doing the same to my car, can you do basalt fabric? Also I'm using graphene (I made myself) and SiO2 enhanced Polyurea. I'm ordering fabric now and I was wondering Carbon Fiber Kevlar or CF/ UHMWPE. Price has a lot to do with it and if I screw it up looks wise, I'll trow a vinyl wrap on it.
Hi Joe, thank you for the comment. If it's general impact and abrasion resistance then stick with the Carbon Kevlar hybrid or even separate materials in layers. For a typical road car you are normally fine with a mostly carbon layup with a layer of Kevlar within it for a bit of added impact resistance. For drift or racing with likely contact, a balance with more Kevlar is better for the impact resistance.
Density comes in a little late as an aspect - the stress-over-deformation diagrams should have been (a x stress)/(b x density)-over-deformation to give a better picture, with a and b beeing how much each property is valued for the task. Another point that made me wonder was, only one of the tested fibres was chosen for the sled. Why wasnt any combination of lets say two fibre types considered? This option is one of the greatest advantages of composites after all.
Cool video. Would Teflon had been a good frictionless coating?
Hi, thanks for your comment. Teflon had been considered but its difficulty of application in this context ruled out its use
Can electrostatically charging a surface reduce it's friction with ice? Is that something you do? Awesome video , many thanks.
Not something we have experimented with.
Ide like to see Material composites, it would be interesting to see.
From what I remember in my days as Air Frames Mechanic in the Navy you could get better bend strength of the composite structure, with the correct choice of the resin matrix that has a good bending strength at lower temperatures. The longer the resin matrix maintains adhesion with fiber layers the better bend strength.
Mr. Patrick, I have a doubt... For having better bending strength, u have to layup fiber in that direction, but how bending strength is dependent on resin system.
@@nishithkishore9841 the resin is the stiffening and binding agent. Without it there is no rigidity. There are two failure modes for a composite structure, one is failure if the fiber, second is failure of resin to hold the fibers in the matrix.
@@patrickradcliffe3837 ...Sir, can you share your email ID , I want detailed discussion on it. I am struggling with a component to increase its bending strength.
Thanks for great video, guys. So witch of these materials would you recommend for skateboard? At this moment I have plenty of Kevlar-carbon hybrid fiber. But maybe it's not the best material, as I understood from your tutorial?
Depends on the specific design but all the materials could and have been used in the past, Even natural fibres can be used.
@@easycompositestv thank you very much!
My carbon bike has Kevlar inserts in the front and back forks