Battle of Civitate 1053 - Norman Conquest of Italy - DOCUMENTARY
New Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series will focus on the Normans and their conquests in the Mediterranean, starting with the campaigns in South Italy, as the descendants of the Vikings create their states in the area taking on the overlords of the land - Byzantines, Lombards and the Pope. The first major conflicts will culminate at the battle of Civitate between the Normans of Humphrey of Hauteville and Robert Guiscard against the Papal alliance of Pope Leo IX.
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The video was created by Malay Archer bit.ly/2HjS2zP while the script video was written by Leo Stone
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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#Documentary #Civitate #Normans
Consider joining our patreon www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals where you can get the schedule, early access to our videos and also an invitation to our discord, which I use to whine about the 30 Years' War and the Ottoman series. Fun stuff.
I love to see the end of 30 years war you are best of history video
@Kings and Generals while you humans brag about how long your conflicts last, us dinosaurs have been competing with each other for millions of years. Also huge props to you for actually calling the Eastern Romans by their proper name
the current Italians must be descendants of these Normans that would explain the side switching in world wars also do north Africa history mainly the pre and roman era and the pirates republic of salé and the battle of the 3kings
Can you do a video on the conflict between the Guelphs and the ghibellines
I can't wait to the battle of Lepanto 1571!
Christian world, early 10th century: "Now that those north men have settled down, maybe they'll finally start becoming civilized and stop capturing Christian holy men." *100 year later* Normans: "Hey guys! We captured the pope!"
All heads turn Viking war drums intensifie The trees are speaking norce
bobby kotata lmao nice LARP. “Christian Oppression” when they chose to convert to Christianity.
@bobby kotata how dare they infringe on our rights to rape and pillage them!
Do one on second crusade
Damnit! Those vikings are at it again!
"... the ever hated Byzantines ..." Pope: proceeds to make an alliance with the Byzantines
The great schism happened next year, so this is the last alliance while they were the same religion.
Technically the pope obey to the Emperor ^^
Red Ice And the Pope would continue to ally with them as they had done repeatedly before.There was even a Byzantine faction in Rome with Byzantine supported Anti Popes. Civilized Orthodox Greeks was better then warmongering French Vikings to the Pope.( not talking shit just stating the common foreign opinion on the Normans)
This sums up the whole italian history pretty well
@@hiskakun2276 1054 was only something important seen in perspective. At the time it was not something that was seen as era changing
His Palms are sweaty, spear's weak. Shield is heavy. There's blood on his armor, look's like an Italian Mom's Spaghetti. He's zealous, but on the surface he looks calm and ready. to charge into battle, he's a Norman in Italy.
you gotta settel yourself in the land you conquered you own it, you better never let it go do not miss you chance to blow
Touch yourself man yo
🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂🤟🤟
Special recipe: Norman-style Spaghetti and Meatsauce. Ingredients: 1 sharp object 1 enemy's belly 1 bundle of enemy's intestines
This is no less than one of the greatest comments in history
Normans: Hey that was pretty fun! We should do this again sometime. *Fast forward to 1066*
that was the vikings. if you meant the last attempt of conquering england
@@fedda9999 it was no attempt
@@HistoryPug_Channel the English hammered two out of three conquering armies and nearly beat the normans.
@@aroutledge9565 the anglosaxens, not the english.
@@fedda9999 1066 was also the year of the norman invasion of England, which is what he referred to, not the norwegian one by Harald Hardråde
As Machiavelli concluded centuries later in his famous book "The Prince", invite mercenaries to your cause and you invite future enemies to your cause. The Norman warriors provide an excellent case- study of this problem.
the saxons invited by vortigern too .
Teutonic Order were slightly different issue but they were also invited :)
Not really, Machiavelli himself was a failure as a military leader and politician, train to recruit a militia army didn't work out at all for him
@@JayzsMr I completely agree that Machiavelli failed throughout his political career. He actually used some of his failures or the failures of some of the people that he served under as good examples on what not to do in military and political affairs. Also, I do not agree with his ruthless cynicism on other matters, but he is spot on when it comes to mercenaries.
@@JayzsMr yes he did but because he failed he show others how not to like they say hindsight is 20/20
When an army of proto-germans mocks an army of late norman-vikings to go home........in the south of Italy.
Lol. This made me laugh
@@luisromanlegionaire Swabians made themselves a name as warriors back then. They were said to be able to cut a body in two halves by one swing of their two-handed swords. vertically. (ok, it's probably a myth, but a remarkable one imho)
Where the proto Viking descended Lombards were the biggest ethnicity.....
Europe in the middle ages is basically just one huge Germanic family feud. Franks, Saxons, Normans, Swabians, Vikings etc. duking it out and conquering everyone else in the process
you mean franco-norman
Bunch of Normans: We’re going on a pilgrimage, which will require us to forgo the pleasures of the flesh and violence. Random Lombard Noble: Hey guys, wanna fight some Byzantines? Normans: DO WE?!?!
Shit! Lombard that’s all you have to say!
Other Normans: *Waging war against other Normans*
Pope : Dude, you are surrounded!! Norman : We were always surrounded....
Soldier: Sir they have us surrounded and outnumbered. Norman leader: Good. Now it's going to be a fair fight.
The real reason why the Pope called the Crusades: he wanted all these kids off his damn lawn.
Also probably for you to not comment in youtube in arabic.
Jed he could comment in Arabic so I guess your pope failed
Getting Christian nobles to stop warring with each other was one of the reasons.
@@mitjed لتخف إذا هذه اللغة يتحدث بها اليوم مئات الملايين
STORM LORD first I am not a Saracen I am an Arab ( which means I now my line of descendants to the founder of my tribe, could you do that?). Second, the only reason you westerners found out that your papacy was joke was our scholars you saw light threw our works never forget that
5:18 "gyros or death" As a Greek, I totally agree 🤣🤣
Και ας μην ξεχνάμε την πολεμική ιαχή του '40 "ΑΠ' ΟΛΑ"
Yes,Take your Hard Earned Gyros ... 🤣🤣
what is life without gyros!?
Ancient Rome: *Look how they massacred my boy*
YES! A Norman episode!
Pope vs Normans, now that’s a battle I’d like to see.
The pope vs the entirety of the normans? That battle shall be legendary.
Pope takes L
@@jason4275 the plan was to divide Rome from its italic allies, and it nearly succeded: to visualize how important the socii were to Rome, think about how the city of Alba Longa refused to send further soldiers against Hannibal, and then, when Hannibal marched on Rome to divert the siege from Capua, the very same city of Alba Longa mustered 35.000 soldiers in all haste to defend Rome. You now know how important every single city was to Rome when an enemy as Hannibal was at its gates.
That battle it's a disaster , a pile of shit. Normans were an etnic shit.
@@francescofavi3024 Go fuck yourself!
Wow I would never imagined an episode on Robert Guiscard and the Hauteville Normans ! They came from a really small village called Hauteville in Cotentin area, near Cherbourg in France, and then they became King of Sicily ! I visited Sicily last year, you can still see the coat of Arms of the Normans "Hauteville" in Palermo Castle and Church ! Amazing
The Normans in Sicily they did excellent things... first of all they expelled all the Arabs from Sicily after 200 years
I descend from Robert Guiscard’s daughter, Matilda de Hauteville, I’m just glad to see someone making videos on the Norman conquests of Sicily and the de Hauteville family.
Guiscard is highly underrated.
As an Italian university student who has just finished the medieval history exam with an extra monographic part dedicated to the Normans in Southern Italy, I can say that you have done a really good job !! It isn't easy to explain such a complicated topic in such a correct and simple way. You deserve all the million subscribers
Luigi Ferruzzi Yeah I agree, K&G has gotten really impressive. Absolute gem of a channel
If you have a brain, it is easy.
Richard Valens Do u feel better now?
@@richardvalens7989 how do i gtet a brain? pls need quick answuh
Say , hi to mario.
1:51 "Conflicts between minor lords seeking to increase their land holdings were the norm" You mean the Norm - andy?
* rolls eyes *
Me: Don't laugh, it's to flat. *laughs anyways*
*sees title* "You mere mortal... CK2 already taught me this"
Well, they used the CK2 song as the intro, so......
@@rakaalcuzaadnankadar6719 Do you know the name of the song that begins on 17:08?
CK2 - ‘campfire’
should ve been school instead
@@jameshyde4670 What about the song at the beginning of the vid?
"The strength of God will enable us, a small but faithful band, to overcome the multitude of the faithless". Robert Guiscard de Hauteville
Ironic for forces fighting the Pope.
@Patrick McKinnon Why the f*** does such a comment get three likes? :D
@@varana probably because a lot of the popes were really fucked up and immoral during these times. Go watch Sam O' Nella's video about Popes.
@@thesnake2620 So, it was very much like today.
@@allanmacauley Yeah basically. As the saying goes power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
One of my great grandmothers was named Quaranta - 40 - which is the italianization of Quadriginta- again, "forty" in Latin. Tradition has it that she descended from the surviving forty Norman Knights who had freed Salerno from the Saracens in the X th century...after the battle they were all declared noblemen, and along with a new last name they received a coat of arms with XXXX on it...which is the Latin numeral for "40"....
Normans also captured Petar Kresimir IV, Croatian king, who rebelled against Byzantium.
@tart70 true
Illyrian He didn’t rebel or fight the Byzantines at all they granted him Dalmatia.
How the hell did he get onto the battlefield?
@TheCrazyKid1381 Oh man that was your last words....
TheCrazyKid1381 i do
For my coding class I made a text based game about one of the conflicts at the end of the conquest of Italy. Although the siege of Syracuse ended in capitulation of the city, the game is about Roger Hauteville taking the city by force. I'm actually quite proud of the code and the writing I did for it.
“I came, I saw, I clicked” 😁👍
@WilliamTheConquerer Damn
@ayylmao Vidi, Vici, Veni
I came,I saw,I liked
@@wildfire9280 Reference to Battle of Allia
Or as She Says " I saw , I clicked , I Came
Greetings from San Paolo di Civitate, homeplace of the battle!
I hope you loved the new look of our video and our very first episode of Normans in Sicily. As always, the engines that we used in this video are TW: Thrones of Brittania and TW: Attila with a few mods. For Attila mods: -GEMFX -Mediator Graphic Enhancement (My personal Tweak) -Kavoosi particle effect -Age of Vikings (My personal tweak) EDIT: Just want to point out my mistake at 9:41 - The city of Bari shouldnt be in Norman control during that timeline. Thank you to some of our fans who pointed out for me :) Best wishes, ڤمانه ملايو
Excellent, keep this up.
Tahkaullus01 Thank you!
Jojo Momo no
@Jojo Momo because we use arabic script as well?
I paused playing ck2 to fold laundry and when I opened this video to watch while I worked, I heard the ck2 music play and I thought that after 2004 hours in the game I’d finally lost my mind.
Since Guiscard roughly means cunning, can we just start calling the man "Crafty Bob"? I feel like that would make everything better.
Hahaha hell yea
“The norm in Normandy.” Hilarious
I'm hoping for "The Battle Of Zenta" very soon.
We are still 130 years and 10-15 or so episodes away. But it will surely be covered.
@@KingsandGenerals thats a long time lol
Absolutely, Eugene of Savoy!
@@KingsandGenerals damn, in 2130. Hope I'm still around then. I am impressed by a production schedule that takes the making of videos into the next century.
@@markuhler2664 Congrats on your Perrier award.
14:05 Germans: Go back to where you came from! Normans: You first!
To be fair to the lombards they were mostly of Italian descent since no conquering force assimilates intact without insane genocide and extreme class systems
5:18 I loved the "greek gyros or death" part of Βοϊωάννης 😂😂
Taxiarchos Kal. Sorry, I don’t understand. Could you explain the joke?
@@luqcrusher its not a joke just gyros is the most known traditional food in Greece and for being greek is just funny
Taxiarchos Kal. Ohhh hahahah. Thanks for sharing!
Βοϊωάννης όχι Παπαϊωάννης
@@CliveBurr4 σωστός αδερφέ 👍
the close up view of the armies troops is a great detail while in the top of the screen u can see the formation of the army itself, nice touch, keep it up
his voice makes me feel like im floating on clouds while listening to this top notch documentary!!
Are u geh?
@@adrianseanheidmann4559 haha
This is what really makes the history of this era fascinating. You have the old empires of the eastern romans and the muslims. You have the former conquerors of the western roman empire, and adding to the mix were the 'roman' by the name of the holy roman empire. You also have the papal state, and to top it off, french warriors with viking ancestry.
This was the first battle where the "knight" comes of age. Mass cavalry wedge shaped charge with stirrups allowing for the couched lance strike really obliterated these poor Papal forces. I mean those Italian lombards suffered so much for 30 years, readying to die for the cause and the sheer ferocity of the armored cavalry charge just obliterates their hope for any chance to resist.
"Lombard subjects" for southern Italians is a gross over-simplification, most people in the region have never been Lombards. Not even in the northern Italian region of Lombardy - most people there are romano-celtic (especially the latter) in ancestry. The rest is great as always.
the lombards were the aristocracy of the states of Benevento, Salerno and Capua, in the other southern duchies of Naples, Amalfi, Sorrento and Gaeta there was local nobility
The right normand flank : heavy cavalry The left Pope flank : Lombard levies Oh, I see where this is going XD
@ 7:43 "...for only through constant warfare could they stay employed." Eisenhower, Military-Industrial Complex Speech ~ January 17, 1961.
Looking for to when the Normans cross the Strait of Messina, while yelling: "Guiscard, Guiscard, Guiscard!!" (Learned that from a danish doku about the Normans)
12:43 "Camped outside the town of City". The legendary praticality of Roman naming.
So great this episode, I'm always asked myself how was in detail the norman conquest of south Italy, you guys read my mind K&G's, can't wait until the new episode
More in the works :-)
This is an excellent video with superb research that your channel presents to an audience who is willing to learn. It is a shame that most educational institutions, especially in America, fail to teach such history.
So basically, Normans are an upgrade of Vikings. Instead of using long ships as means of manuverability, they adopted horses, and would definutely becomes upgraded to knights on later decades to come?
This is the best illustrated history channel on the Tube.
Brilliant presentation as usual ! Precise, clear and vibrant. A perfect combination of the tide of history and the concrete underlying events. Please always continue this way !
I love everything about Norman history. More like this would be greatly appreciated! :D
Thank you for your interest, Zoey! My mother family is Normand by root, and I would love to tell you about légendary of my ancestors! Best!
Awesome summary of a complex story!Thanks so much
When you think you’ve watched every playlist K&G has and then you realized you never watched the Norman Conquest playlist. I feel like I did when I first discovered this channel, excited and thirsty for more.
my hands got sweaty when i instant clicked on this pure butter of a vid!!!!!!
Those Swabian mercenaries were the medeival period's finest fighters alongside the Normans of the 11th century. To be able to hold them off and butcher well armed knights and sometimes even cutting an armored man into half, that is some crazy unit the Pope had.
Indeed, even throughout the Middle Ages, the Swabian Knight Canton and it’s Knights continued to belong to the finest of soldiers, truly a nation of Warriors.
@Alexios I Komnenos Indeed, they literally the heart of Germany’s economy.
Excellent. Did some research on the Drengot and d'Hauteville's about a decade ago and was able to visit Aversa - great history. Another Norman you may want to consider is Robert de Toeni and his dealings in Barcelona circa 1015 - 1030 where it is alleged he would boil one of the captives in front of the rest and then would take part and eat him - hence the moniker 'the Moor eater.'
The significance of the Norman conquest is as significant for the byzantine history, as the Turkish conquest of Anatolia. But this is a bit overlooked.
Completely wrong comparaison
@@enricomanno8434 Why wrong? Byzantium lost all its ties and territories in Italy and acquired a new enemy in the west. Their Balkan territories became exposed to the Norman invasions and later the Crusades. The West would continue its involvement in the East which would culminate with the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire after the 4rth Crusade.
@@byzantinetales I meant this... after all the Normans were Europeans and Christians In Sicily they did excellent things...I personally don't compare with the Turkish invasion of the Anatolian peninsula... with the Greek kingdoms of Pergamo Licia Lidia ecc ecc plus all the Greco Roman Cities
@@enricomanno8434 My comment was mainly based on how Byzantine history unfolded after this event. I didn't try to compare the Normans with the Turks. That would be geographically and socially incomparable as you also said.
.
You know you're a successful king, when you're remembered as "Charles the Simple".
Even better when it means straightforward instead of stupid.
My favorite monarch is Joan the Crazy.
Hey, at least he's not John the lackland or Louis the do-nothing
Swabian two handed swords? That's a source I'm interested in seeing
@@luisromanlegionaire Right, and another 30 years later they were the ones holding out in the trenches of Verdun.
Zweihander swords
@Badger0fDeath I was just being sarcastic about Luis' knack of lowledge regarding Zweihänders being badly outdated by 1683.
@@michaelwiesinger2643 uhm, zweihanders absolutely were used by landsknecht in 1530~ siege of Vienna. Could have been useful in trenches as well lol.
@@michaelwiesinger2643 xD
The Normans : Hippity hoppity Italy is now my property
Hippity hoppity tonight we eat spaghetti
@@TheAtmosfear7 nice replying over a year later
@@mikedi7850 Sorry I still live in medieval Norman times
@@TheAtmosfear7 i can see
@@mikedi7850 lol ok bro
One of the most fundamental battles in the whole Middle Ages, even for the development of the ideology of the Crusade. Alas, this essential time that was the 11th century is often overlooked. Thank you and congratulations once again to you, Kings & Generals! And please consider my offer of writing a script for you concerning the battle of Aljubarrota. It would be both a pleasure and an honor. ;)
Great video with wonderful animation. Thank you.
I've always been fascinated by the Norman ability to adopt the culture and language of the places they happen to find themselves in. Whether in Northern France, Ireland, Scotland, Italy and Sicily, they were cultural chameleons. They didn't seem to have adopted the Anglo-Saxon language and institutions though. In England it was more like the other way around they changed Anglo-Saxon institutions and replaced it with French feudalism and even drastically changed the English language.
Yes.. and in Britain all the upper class they were talking in french and Latin for many centuries... the English became the language of the peasants and the illiterate people
@@enricomanno8434 Funny, because the Plantagenets dropped French for English and made English the official language. They also got rid of latin as well.
Not really, the Normans kept most of the Anglo Saxon institutions. It was not replaced with French feudalism. And the change of the English language happened overtime
So it was no different in England. The Normans adopted to English language and culture. Even if it took a while for that to happen
Ah Crusader King Theme Really Bring Me Up The Nostalgia.
Land: Exists Normans: Is for me?
King&General thank you so much, Am here setting with friends waiting for the Sunday video.
How did the Normans get so many men in Italy to form an army? Was it just a steady stream of adventurers flowing in lured by the promise of gold and glory until suddenly there were too many?
Pretty much. The British historian John Julius Norwich has a two book series on the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. He's a brilliant author and makes reading about history quite entertaining if you ever want to know more about ancient - medieval history.
One word... AMAZING... Sharing right now... And waiting for part 2... Congrats, top quality 👌🏾
Again, this video is a read off of "The Normans in the South" by J J Norwich, which is nice. Would love to see more content about Norman Sicilly/Italy and Friedrich II
Dang, the Normans pretty much caused the great schism of 1054.
I have never been so early to watch a new Kings and Generals video. He has definitely improved animations since last few years.
Thank you so much! It's great to see one of my most favorite channels cover one of my most favorite time periods. Thank CK2 for that.
The positive benefit of the crusader kings music in the background cannot be overstated
This is the greatest and most unexpected surprise ever :D Thanks K&G for gifting us with such greatness! Being a Norman (as in, being from Normandy) this serie will hold a very special place in my heart
"The year was 9-11." Me an American: Oh I've seen that number before somewhere. I'm just glad it wasn't a Viking invasion.
You have done a great job. I request you to come up with documentaries on August us. As very few focus are available right now
I had my doubts about the Normans...but now I understand. They really did fight against the pope. Well done Normans. I LOVE YOU MORE TO PUT YOU INTO MY BOOKS AS MY MAIN CHARACTER'S FRIENDS AND ALLIES!
Another Awesome video great job guys always a welcome distraction from studying for my final year of undergrad history, I hope one day you'll find the time to do a piece on the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland one of the last great 'Norman' military adventures
Amazing!
Thanks!
Hope you guys feature the battle of cerami during roger dehautevilles campaigns in Sicily, one of the coolest battles and best examples of a vastly outnumbered force winning decisively.
The visuals keep on getting better. I like the softer, less distinct colours for each of the different states, because it allows you to see the physical geography. Great stuff!
Normans were brilliant warriors
So when exactly did the Normans become proficient at mounted warfare? I mean the Vikings were reknown sea raiders and infantry men, but since they primarily moved on ship I doubt they had a lot of initial experience at mounted combat. Was it a natural evolution or a prescribed intentional change so that the french king had a counterpart to the Saxon heavy plated riders of the ottonian dynasty of the hre? Also how far did the language changes go? Were they bilingual or really only spoke French? What about the Langobarden? At the battle with the pope basically 3 different Germanic tribes clashed when we also include the Swabians into the picture. Were they able to communicate and understand eachother? Or was the language barrier already that strong? I know of sources that the Germanic languages hadn't diverted that far at this period in history, so German Saxons could still understand English Saxons and both could even communicate with the Norsemen in their respective mothertongues with some effort. Also was there some sort of comradery between them? After all they all shared a very similar history: Germanic pagans that came as plunderers and conquerers from the north, were for some transition period hired as mercenaries, eventually subdued the local populations in the power vacuum left behind by chaos following the fall of the western Roman empire and eventually converted to Christianity. Surely they must have recognized that they shared similar experiences and had a common cultural background. Are there any sources commenting on this? Especially since all Germanic people to this day have some cultural aspects of defining people by belonging to their group (e.g. we Germans literally call ourselves "those belonging to the people") and those who don't usually called Welsh (Welsh Britons for the English, Welsche Italians and later French for the Germans, Welsche Latin speaking Swiss for the German speaking Swiss and I believe even the Swedes call some group of people Welsh)
They must've understood each other to some degree! Some Norman dukes were trading and even raiding with norse raiders well into the 11th century! And they must've looked alike as well sharing the same kind of genetics. And for the cavalry i remember there was a norse kingdom that was renown for their horses/Cavaliers in the Vendel era.. So cavalry might have been something that they knew about even before the Normans adopted it!
Best video so far!
I love this channel!
By the way modern Italians are a mixture of: Romans + Germanic Tribes (Lombards, Ostrogoths, Herulos and Normans).
Not at all Romans... plus all those tribes that were on the Italian peninsula before the Romans and after the end of the western Roman empire in 476 CE
@@enricomanno8434 ma il tuo cognome tradisce un ascendenza germanica, informati
@@messservice Assolutamente no Etimologia Latina Magnus... grande
Also, many Europeans all over have Roman descent considering their control over much of Europe for so long.
This is so close to home to me, some of my ancestors are Norman and some come from Calabria, but they were Italian (DeBartoli).
Did you just say "Our series on the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy, and the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily" ? I - F**** - LOVE - YOU !!!!!
Damn, I love the music in this series.
2:45 that's central Italy btw
That's Komnenos Soundtrack from CK2. Maybe some battles between Alexios and the Normans?
Too nice video first time I heard a leader returning back due to letter too nice video thanks
Grew up playing Age of empires 2... and now im here.. sweet.
Everything I know about the Normans I learned in Medieval II
Normans be like: ''AE is just a number.''
"Æ" is this what you meant?
@@nomore9004 it means "Aggressive Expansion" probably referencing the game series of "Europa Universalis".
' and they threw him out of town on his Rear.." That's the best think I've heard in ages.
Lookin foward to the next video I love this channel!!!
And I'm just sitting here waiting for the Lepanto episode.
@@rhysgregson5903 im im not that much into eastern history tbh
@@rhysgregson5903 didnt even know He existed, and i couldnt find much of his brilliant tactics, neither anything that said He inspired the Greatest generals. Thats the downside of being of White culture, we tend to study a lot our past and ignore the rest of the world
@@rhysgregson5903 I don't know why your getting hostile. He's right most Europeans ( white people) tend to romanticize European history.
@@Nnnnn636 Adeeb Ibrahim didn't say that Europeans learning European history is a good or bad thing.
@@2x2leax hes literally said "thats the down side of being of white culture" Hows that a down side? Its not
Nice
Still waiting for the next video in this series!
oh heck yeah !!! this was a solid video ! love hearing about normans ! keep up the good work !
Pope Leo IX: Battle Pope
Meh more like imprisonned pope(not that he is the only one though).
This was a great video! It's an interesting what if to consider how history would have unfolded had the Popes continued to look to the Greeks as their protectors, instead of the Normans. Much of the calamity which befell the Greeks during Crusades stemmed from the sense of other-ness which Latin Christendom felt toward the Orthodox Church. Only thing that might have made it better was an exploration of Boiannes and the campaign of Maniakes and Hardrade in Sicily, as all these folk were impressive commanders in their own right. It might also be great to see some of the history of the Islamic Emirs of the South, which is a really amazing topic as well. A great topic to be sure!
Loving the CK2 music! It really fits well!
How is all of your content so good?