How Concrete Homes Are Built With A 3D Printer | Insider Art
Aiman Hussein is a concrete-3D-printer operator who works for Alquist. The company uses 3D-printing technology to build homes and lower the cost of housing and infrastructure in economically distressed and underserved communities. He'll walk us through the process and show us the printing, his setup, and a walkthrough of a home when it's done.
For more, visit:
www.alquist3d.com/
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/ alquist3d
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How Concrete Homes Are Built With A 3D Printer | Insider Art
I saw one of these construction sites in my town for low cost housing. The system is incredible to watch. The thing that got me was the amount of labor people needed. It looked like the regular amount of labor used. It amazes me how fast the structure went up. 5 one bedroom houses in two weeks.
i imagine it will get smaller and less labor intensive as the technology progresses.
Where did they jam the insulation?
@@beasthunt I believe the cement has a certain r value and the rest is that spray insulation
Pedro do it in 8 days. For $500
I didnt know theres such a thing as 1 bedroom houses
If you've never built a home... Additive printing technology is a cool concept for home construction. However, there are a few things to know if you've never built a house. First, the exterior of a home always goes up in a matter of days or a few weeks depending on structure size and crew size... regardless of the technology use. For example, if I use SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels), I could standup all exterior walls in a day or two and frame and frame and sheath the roof the next day. Second, the exterior covering (stucco, clapboards, etc.) gets added to the concrete/sheathing/cinder blocks, etc., followed by windows, skylights, roof covering, etc. Before that you typically Tyvek/seal the outside of the house. But again, all of this is done within the first few days or weeks. It's the inside of the house that take months... electric, plumbing, HVAC, insulation, drywall, taping, painting, finish carpentry (kitchen, bathrooms, flooring, inside doors, floor moldings, window moldings, door moldings, crown moldings, etc.). If your walls are concrete, all of this work is much more difficult, or, you need to take additional steps before drywalling. The point here is that, while cool, 3D printing your walls will not save you time, and, at this time, actually costs more than the alternatives.
Very well said mate, these are the concerns when I saw the video.
I think these seem more like cheap shelter housing for homeless people
Plumbing would be run in the slab, radiant heat in the slab, hvac in the ceiling. You don’t need to drywall but the electrical would need to be in the walls. I’m a builder and I agree with what you said, you just might have to look at different methods on these than a stick built home. I think it would end up costing more but with the price of lumber lately who knows!
I was thinking the same thing. This doesn't seem to really save any time - when you factor in all the set up and everything - or labor. And then the finished product is butt ugly and much more difficult to work with. Probably not that much cheaper either when you consider the extra work involved in working with concrete vs wood.
Progress, not perfection...but it's on the way!
fantastic video Everybody wants to be financially independent and live a better life. With savvy investing, an inexpensive lifestyle, and diligent budgeting, this is not difficult to do. I'm glad I realised early on that achieving financial freedom requires hard work.
@@jamesvigor6409 Would you mind recommending a specialist with a variety of investment options? This is extremely rare, and I eagerly await your response.
@@jamesvigor6409 I just looked her up on the web and I would say she really does have an impressive background on investing. Will write her an email shortly. Thanks for sharing
You believe that the workers are not intelligent, except that you will never be able to do without them, start by redistributing wages correctly instead of wasting money
I wonder how this handles weather. I just picture it being like a basement and once it settles and you get moisture it will expand and contract and crack, leaving you with a leaking side wall or filling up that void.
So it's not perfect?
@@stevenlight5006that what he pictured it as
Save the Confederacy of Independent Systems!
... no rebar = cant handle ANY settlement
@@stevenlight5006not even a reasonable alternative. No one said it was perfect or expected it to be.
Can't wait for satisfying 3d printing house making videos on KZhead
When I first heard of this idea years ago I thought it was very intriguing. Seeing it in action makes me see the benefits but I was surprised to see that its use appears to be limited to outside walls. I would be really interesting to see the whole house structure built this way: inner and outer walls together. Just start with a level base, start the print and have the on-site crews installing things such as rebar and electrical or plumbing access ports as it goes, followed by a different crew coming it to top it off with a pre-built metal roof. Then seal with PVC windows and fibreglass doors and finish the walls with plaster and PVC trim. Zero wood used. But i really like this concept.
There are quite a few companies that are doing interior walls and cabinets with the printer as well. Really up to personal preference.
Its probably one of the most stupid things ever, funded thankfully by private idiot companies.
It should also cook you breakfast and do the laundry 🙄
I‘d prefer having inner walls out of wood
@@reeset yes, way more cheaper and loads faster. This is just a plain stupid idea.
Incredible ! Thanks to Aiman for the peek into this 3D world! :)
I never see any rebar. Isnt it necessary for the strengt and duration of concrete?
Rebar as I understand is meant to provide tensile strength to concrete, and since the wall structures are likely only experiencing compression, rebar isn’t as necessary in them as in, say, an overpass or the concrete frame of a high-rise. Also, I think earlier in the vid they show some small pieces of steel crossing the interstice of a wall. Those might be what they use to maintain tensile strength where needed.
Not required but certainly a stronger way to build
@@lorez201 only compression… until you know wind…
No rebar is required for a residential building of this magnitude, as already stated steel reinforcement is used to increase tensile strength. The rebar would be in the foundation slab
@@iLik3CHOcol8 yeah rebar is only used in every vertical loading concrete structure built in the last 50+ years
Since metal 3d printing is become refined I can imagine you could put a metal extruder alongside the concrete extruder so it prints both the outer wall and the inner support structure
Metal extruders don’t really exist. What we have is slm metal printing
Thats pretty cool, can't wait to see what other designs this can print, I could see this easily doing an adobe style design with a shingle roof. Then you can pain't the it tan for the look, and I bet with the walls being so thick it would retain temperature easy.
Amazing and beautiful ❤️
This is an amazing building technique using mostly concrete with steel reinforcements and will save the trees used for standard wood built structures. My grandparents built their house from block and it was a very quiet house.❤
Amazing technology used 👍
I don't understand how this is less expensive than using forms (re-usable) and pouring concrete. It's much faster and possibly uses less labor when you factor in printer set-up at each site and post-pour cleaning.
Labor costs. People want to be paid fairly for their work. But "fairly" can mean a big money dent for projects and the project management and the management above them, and the management above them, and the management above them. If
@@Mrfallouthero So, robots set all this up then clean the machines too? lol
@@bobhenry6159 With forms, construction crew have to drill out openings and spaces for internals, adding a great deal more labor and cost to a project. With printing, all this is done at the same time the walls go up, as all the openings and internals are designed into the print path beforehand.
Beautiful! 🤩 I can’t wait for it!!!
THAT was GREAT !! THANK YOU FOR POSTING !!
What does this cement use for aggregate? Is it a fiber product like fiberglass?
Click bait. I am a time served structural engineer. I have over 35 years experience of working in and on construction of building buildings. This video is well made and is good for making birthday cakes but in the real world the process and finished product shown is of quality that belongs in a fairytale .
You can't believe how much money is going into this. Startups with no construction experience and no track record of success are getting millions. A lot of investors are going to lose, but eventually an efficient process will get figured out.
This is absolutely amazing!!!
This is amazing 😲
I like the idea- but here in Texas where they have a neighborhood of them- and we have 110 degree heat for months at a time- what kind of cracking and shifting is going to occur like it does in regular houses?
Love to have a home like this
Do you quesiton how they do electrical, mechanical and plumbing with the walls and what if something goes wrong?
That's incredible 😮
This is awesome...!
Impressive, I love that it can do curved walls, but no good for California or any seismically unstable areas. Maybe this could be done with a alternative material.
See my comment about rebar. Totally agree.
Concrete mostly will crack, and if this has no rebarb, its going to crack no matter how much they streamline the process. I don't like "LVL" beams either. Give me natural wood beams.
@@brianehni5918 rebar won’t fix that. It will make it worse
Everyone is fleeing California anyway, so no biggy.
@@gmanbeavis I hope so, the freeways are too crowded.
Can techniques from plastic 3D printing be used to form non-flat tops of doors and windows? Maybe take inspiration from Roman concrete and stone buildings to make self-supporting arches or overhangs, then mass produce windows and doors accordingly. For utility savings reserve the space between the two outer layers for loose fill insulation material, hanging pipes and cables inside the building for easy access and repair with basic tools.
i was looking for this comment! also maybe make a different mortar than concrete…. i read in a book a couple months ago is the roman’s had a much better understanding of making mortar which is why so many of their structures are still standing. it had to do with their water treatment.
Indeed, everything is possible 🥺👏
How do you hang stuff on your wall/install shelves? Just drill into the concrete? Would that crack it over time?
Those constructions as well as a 3d pressure of plastic is weak between layer and layer union, over the years you will see the cracks or weak points in the structure
Yes that’s true, but 3-D printing isn’t perfect yet specially in construction so the efforts to get this out there is at most something good to improve on the quality as well as the time it takes to build a home.
I was thinking I can't be the only one who's wondering about expansion joints surely but u have common sense too it seems lol
Unlike pine which is just so perfect
@@bobjones2041 Fair.
Do you corefill any of the walls?
That's it, I'll start to learn everything about 3d printing
its basically facing or stucco built horizontally, you still have to frame in the interior with lumber.
good way to look at it
The way people like the open Floorplan design these days, interior framing would be minimal. Just walls for bedrooms and baths.
@@georgehutcheson9679 so true
@@georgehutcheson9679the roof and interior walls, nobody wants concrete interior walls
Absolutely insane. We need this cause when I was framing my old man couldn’t get guys to show up. This is definitely a good thing.
There we go. USA is a 3rd Country.
So who would operate it? Him on his own? Would he rent it for weeks?
Who’s going to set up that machine to accomodate the entire floor plan?
Wow ... that's awesome 👌 👏
OK come on. Run some of that cement over the outside and smooth that out. The forming lines bother me. Create a PLEASANT outer texture, mimic brick and you would never even know it was 3D printed. The amount of crap/mold/grime that gets in alllll those little cracks? geez. EVEN IN 3D PRINTING SMALL SCALE YOU HAVE TO SAND YOUR CREATIONS SOMETIMES! Seriously tho great idea and would love to see one of these homes built in my area.
Once these structural walls are laid, any number of kinds of facing can be added to them. I wonder how many different kinds of concrete they can extrude? So much possibility with this technique, especially if we can shrink down the printer from a shell/dome structure to just a moving robot.
I like it as is
Yes, accurate.
Let me scroll down to hear from the experts…..
I'd love to see this being used for building dome buildings sans the costly inflated form currently needed.
Not likely to happen. A 3d printer thowing lines of plastic can achieve an overhang because the layers bond quickly and stick, and the lines are thin and light. A dome must be self supporting on the way up if it's built without centering, meaning at a minimum you need to each circular level supported. Tough to do that with a thick glop of concrete.
My only concern is it cracking, other than that if you take care of it the concrete would probably handle pretty well, you’d never have to replace siding or trim . I wonder how many yards of concrete it takes for an average house
これ考えた人凄いよ✨✨マジで感動する👍
Uh, WHERE'S the rebar to protect the structure from ground creep, including earth slump and shift? /smh
I love the idea of this. I wonder how this could be done in rural areas of third world countries. In terms of moving the machines and the training period. One thing I'd love is for someone to to sand the edges after it drys for the inside. It looks great on the outside but as someone coming from a home with textured walls they hurt to touch😅
If the logistics will allow i thibk it could be done. Usually in rural areas the problems are the lack of proper roads.
Might not even have to be sanded, could just coat the interior walls with stucco or fine-grained cement. Less labor and waste than sanding it down, too.
How would they pay?
@Luca James wtf are you on about with your 5 page essay bs
The interior wall would have finnishes obviously. Its not gonna be left as a bare concrete wall
Is the insulation placed between the inner and outer wall?
Surely can't beat the brick
Where is armature? Steel rods, reinforcement!?
Oops
That's cool, and I would leave that interior wall texture raw. I love the concept. Is it seismically safe?
There seems to be some wire or other thing placed in each layer to enhance the stability of the building. For the two layered one, at least.
It's way safer
Jehid cool
no it isnt.
Do you put the plumbing and electrical between or in the structural walls that a carpenter would build? And how would you put the insulation if in Canada.
educate the people who have lost homes is the key , got the word out there, NE for sure.
This is cool but I like the Styrofoam building blocks that you back fill with concrete better.
We built with ICF and it has a lot of advantages over 3D printed concrete. For example it has studs embedded in the styrofoam at 8” intervals inside and outside. One advantage of the 3D printed concrete is the thermal mass that’s inside the house. With ICF, the thermal mass is within the wall between the styrofoam insulation layers.
Why is this video so much quieter than every other video? I don't think anyone signed off on the audio balancing
I can hear ok in South Africa
The dude is like whispering Voice is annoying me tbh 😂
Superb 👍👍👍
looks like that thing they use to put icing on the cake!!
When I first heard about these homes I was like wow, houses being brought into creation by a printer. I was like now that's some really evolved technology. I really imagined a huge printer with houses slowly being printed out of them. So I wondered if they were made of cardboard or something. But this looks like a regular way of building houses.
I wouldn't say regular. Plywood built homes are much better than this BS.
That is a really interesting take!
@@sys3248 said every tornado ever...😂
@@sys3248 You know, that is what people in Joplin, MO thought, too, until that mile wide EF5 tornado destroyed over 8,000 of your plywood buildings, killed 161 people and injured over 1,000 other people. The tornado took out over 6 miles of Joplin. I live in MO, not to far from Joplin. I'll take concrete over plaster and toothpicks any day...
@@sys3248 typical American response lmao
How do you incorporate Rebars?
Good question.
They put some in connecting the walls but not how rebars suppose to be done.
Reminds me of the time I piped frosting designs onto a cake. Pretty neat
Wow 🤩 This is Amazon
Very cool! How well do walls like this hold up during/after earthquakes?
I imagine they wouldn't hold up during an earthquake. Brick and concrete structures are prone to breaking during seismic events.
Looks amazing, but doesnt look as structurally sound as a monolithically poured reinforced concrete wall? My view is that the construction industry is one of the few industries that can start up and employ so many people and stimulate the economy. Robots doing our jobs will now disrupt that and become an issue.
This is the RESULT of lack of workers, not the CAUSE of it.
It would never replace the industry, to begin with, and secondly it creates an entire new industry, thereby cresting new jobs. Have you ever run industrial equipment? It requires people. It requires people to move it, to fuel it, to maintain it. It requires people to know how to do all of these things to TEACH the people who will be running it. It requires more people to make new and better ones and so on. Lots of new jobs there.
@@susansmith493 that is so not true at all lol. You’re just trying to justify killing peoples livelihood with “pRoGrEsS
Humans have been replaced by robots since the seventies, this industry won't be any different.
The objective of humanity is to have works being replaced by machines but under the capitalist system its not a good idea, we need a more educated labor force before that, so yeah no robots for now
I've got so many questions. How much cheaper is it than building a similar house the standard way? How much quicker is this? What sort of unexpected issues do they run into? I'd like to learn more about the efforts happening to build homes for low income areas. What are some ways it could be made more efficient? How are the aesthetics? Are there ways to improve aesthetics?
You could add some colored powder for some color. Another idea is to build up interior and/or exterior walls to cover the concrete.
I've worked with concrete for thirty years, this is impressive technology, I'm going into work tomorrow, and telling the guys first thing in the morning, 6:30 , over coffee
how did they react ?
@@shinseiki2015 I guess they seemed very wary of the idea, one thing about these people is that they like to stick with what they know, it's very hard to get them to try something new,
..... im callin BS on your work history. any construction worker would laugh his ass off at this designed to fail construction.
@@zarthemad8386Yep
How about the foundations.
That's what I want to know
And how do they deal with bugs? Looks like wasp nest heaven
Sometimes they are printed as well but usually a regular slab
@@TheB00tyWarrior The one clip shows the footer is installed like any other home. As far as for a basement I could see doing block or concrete forms and then this process on top of that.
Hardly need a 3D printing technique for that
Pretty dang cool.
How looks static calculation for this construction? Does this type of construction needs rebar reinforcement?
A ideia me parece interessante, o que me parece negativo é o custo com material visto não utilizar tijolos ou blocos e me parece ser um processo demorado onde são necessários de qualquer forma técnicos para corrigir eventuais problemas.
Recomendo vc ver o video com alguém que sabe inglês pq tudo que vc escreveu ele afirmou ao contrário.
Recomendo vc cuidar da sua vida , eu sou brasileiro inglês qsf... 👌
@@pallomita93ratlook8 ta louco brother?
@@fm.a3595 Loucos estão vocês que não aceitam a opinião dos outros , eu tenho a minha opinião, e não tenho nenhuma duvida que o aluguel do equipamento e o material empregado sai dezenas de vezes mais caro doque uma construção padrão, achei a idéia interessante, porém custosa, se vc não acha construa sua casa assim e seja feliz.
Imagine you having to tell the grandkids how you had a Crack in your whole house because the foundation shifted.
wont last that long.
Foundations don't shift because of 3D printing walls.
@@WALTERBROADDUSI'm guessing they meant that if the foundation shifts the whole house would crack.
@@kaylarae8003 the foundation is under the floor slab. Properly excavated and compact the footings? You should not have an issue. And that would be done using a non-3d process.
Whole lot of salty construction workers on this page
This is kiling skilled workers
How do you manage variable weather conditions? It would interfere with the (among other things) drying process.
It looks ok , but where is the rebar , after years of wind and rain , you would have wanted some rebar in that wall. Rebar is round long iron rods that add the strength to a wall or/and foundation . Rebar is in all and every building in NYC . Looks like it would be great to watch and take part in a real build . Mike .
I'm not a big fan of it, because this process isn't actually that efficient (molded structure is far better). But there are two replies to your question: this kind of construction allows more solid overall structure to be built, since you can calc the curves and formats to strength, allowing to reduce a lot the needed iron (I read there can be something around 80% less iron in this 3D printed builds), but there is iron applied during the printing anyway, from the ground up. Again, I don't think this is the best way of building... But there are some niches where it fits perfectly.
@@electronicscaos Cool.
Rebar isn’t needed for loads for houses you have fiber, which this concrete does.
What about years down the road , 20 , 30 . When the concrete starts to break down . I see this in buildings in NYC , all the time . Basement walls crumbling and returned to sand and dust ?
thats when bondo will come in handy..
I would consider one only if Rebar was integrated into walls . 👀
Yes.
Very insightful
God bless Europe and America for this excellent ideas 👍
My favorite part is the cake nozzle twirling like a ballerina between points.
I'm interested to see how it handles seismic.....
It'll crumble in terror.
It would be just as easy to use stud frames with plaster boards on the inside and cement boards outside
Most powerful !!!
hello, im muhaimin from uum (student of Dr. Faizal) what I understand about 3D technology in construction. Overall, 3D technology in construction offers numerous benefits, including enhanced design visualization, clash detection, construction simulation, prefabrication capabilities, and improved communication. These advancements contribute to more efficient and sustainable construction processes, cost savings, and improved project outcomes.
How about the durability of the house when it comes to natural calamities such as earthquakes, typhoons etc.?? :) Becase I might consider this soon in building our future house 💛
You believe that the workers are not intelligent, except that you will never be able to do without them, start by redistributing wages correctly instead of wasting money
Is it really that much faster and easier than simply pour cement between two wooden panels aka monolithic?
Or ICF (foam block system) it has inserts to lay your rebar and you just pour concert I believe around every 4-5 layers
How do you integrate the reinforcement steel? In my country even one-story brick houses are build with elements of reinforced concrete.
*lays down on the floor in a specific way* FUTURE! FUTURE! FUTURE! FUTURE!
I love the ingenuity, but, like container homes, walls are extremely easy and cheap to build. I doubt after you include the time to get the printer on site and set up that you're improving cost much. Possibly, if you can quickly move the printer next door and do the same thing but you really need to build around 50 at a time before this eclipses a stick built house in a meaningful way
Agreed. Building a large extension currently and the brick layers are getting walls up insanely fast. And the insulation properties of the blocks now are far superior to pumped concrete. I’ve seen other block forms that are even quicker, so I’m not sure about the value of the printer (yet).
There are now block laying machines which makes using block even cheaper, as for 3d concrete printing homes its a nitch product at best for people that are building custom homes and want to be different.... Overall cost isn't cheaper though...
@@TC-kf9zw I would rather this than brick in an EF5 tornado
@@JJ-br1nh I don't know. If this was reinforced concrete maybe, but as shown in the video I think it would crumble to powder. Remember it's not the wind in a tornado that kills you, it's your neighbors car or tree being thrown at you that does it. And an EF5 is carrying a lot of cars and trees.
@@TC-kf9zw *niche it's something usually built into a shaped wall.
Concrete!!? I don’t think so! Just a polymerised cement I would imagine!?
Good point.
How are these meeting building code? Doesn't look like the wall will have any tensile strength. In a concrete wall you need a network of rebar to provide tensile strength. How is that issue mitigated with these walls. Seems like a big issue.
Hey that's cool that's the first time I see something like this but are they're solid??
It's be super costly if not using bricks. Bricks are there to reduce usage of cement
I design ultra high hard concrete formulas for oil and gas. First problem, need rebar. Second problem, it's bug ugly. Third problem, utilities? Fourth thru tenth problems, not enough space here to relate.
Realistic observations.
4000 psi per IBC or its out of spec
i retired seen the roadster with the your stuff shared everywhere to everyone from my hands
What does all that mean in English?
As the whole structure, like walls are made using Cement grout, right? Since the amount of cement utilized here is comparatively very high. Is that a drawback? It will directly trigger the carbon emissions.
Wow!.. Amazing!.. But I think only hard part would be the renovations. I maybe wrong but I think that breaking these concrete walls to renovate a portion of the house might not be easy. But then, it’s not something that happens often!.
Could be done with a masonry saw. Cut out the section and build your addition accordingly.
@@sjb7183 but if it’s made of concrete, it will not be so fragile right 🤔
I guess you would have to hire someone to fix it. Who would be desperate for work considering a 3D printer took most of the job.
@@Threedots123 I guess so
We should build our houses with big legos, easy renovations
how much per sq ft?
$400-500 per sq foot
Super
Amazing. Thanks,
I’ve been watching a home being built by me and didn’t know why the concrete looked like that. Now I guess I know why … seems to be taking a long time to construct to be honest
Bubba build a subdivision in one week
Where is that?
I know a team of 5 Portuguese fellows who could build that house in a week! Plus you get to hear their funny jokes instead of staring at a machine.
What is the lifespan of such buildings?
That's unsupported concrete. It won't stand in an Earthquake, but it is essentially the same technology the Romans used ... And much of their stuff is still standing.
@@L0stEngineer I do not know you have a lifespan of buildings, but in our regulatory documentation, the lifespanof concrete buildings is from 50 to 100 years, depending on the brand of concrete. Therefore, I am interested in comparing the lifespan of buildings for different construction technologies🤔
@@dimarium that's for reinforced concrete with steel rebar. Eventually, the steel will rust and crack the concrete. If it's unenforced, it has no resistance to tension, but may last a whole lot longer.
Right on observations here. Best of both is to reinforce the "wall" in protected space, and put no steel in the outer, with lots of insulation and drainage in between.
Wow I'm so surprise to see a printer building a house these new technology is wonderful
There are actually 309 companies doing this!
You believe that the workers are not intelligent, except that you will never be able to do without them, start by redistributing wages correctly instead of wasting money
I like this.
The amount of cement needed makes the house way more expensive than even a brick house which is already expensive because of bricks.
I am not on expert on that topic, but I think concrete is not the best insulator either and it looks like a very brittle Material. Good for a couple of years, but it looks like it will slowly chip and crumple over the years
True, but laying brickwork requires someone manually applying mortar. The speed of printing the houses and lack of a massive crew to run the machine might help offset the cost. Me personally, I'd rather build with brick but like I could ever afford a home in this day and age.
That printed concrete will crumble in a few years. Spalling and more spalling, more leads to more damage. This is because the substrate is not settled. Air pockets and bubbles remain throughout. Not to mention, no rebar enforcement.
I looked for rebar also and didn't see any, but I did see some metal cross braces regularly spaced.
A lot of unknowns for sure. You can let them be the guinea pig.
No way, there's pretty much endless scope to develop muck to use in that machine and there is some extremely strong, easy to use material out there, I've knocked down a building that was made from fluid pourable stuff and it was almost too strong to pull apart with a digger
@@mb106429 "No way". You sound too sure of yourself. "No way" I'm taking your word.
@@justincase4812 don't do that, read more though if you want, you might find it
Hate to get caught in the rain during the pour!
*The New Systems have two 5000' Spools of hardened .045 steel wire that gets "needled" into this concrete paste to form a tough wire mesh with 8000X the strength of this stuff. It's a simple "Deep V" shape made with a big "sewing needle" pattern locking rows together basically making this a "Ferro-Cement". Merchant-Marine Shiphulls were built out of "Ferro-Cement" during WW2 and were tougher than steel ships in some cases and super easy to repair after any enemy attack. You could patch 20mm bullet holes with just a putty knife and cement in a few seconds!!!*