The Battle of Khotyn / Chocim 1621 (400 Years Anniversary)
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The battle of Khotyn / Chocim which took place during the Polish-Ottoman war is widely considered the first time the Ottoman empire was resisted successfully in a battle in more than two generations, and it ended the Polish-Ottoman War fought over the control of Moldavia.
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Chapters:
00:00-01:48 Intro
01:48-03:07 Ad Brilliant.org
03:07-28:54 Battle of Khotyn
Bibliography:
Davies, Brian, Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500-1700, 2007.
Frost, Robert, After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660, 2004.
Gintautas, Sliesoriūnas, Lietuvos Istorija. 6. Lietuvos Istorijos Institutas, 2015.
Przeździecki, Paweł, The Polish-Turkish War of 1620-1621: the battles of Cecora and Chocim, in: Grzegorz Jasiński, Wojciech Włodarkiewicz, Polish Battles and Campaigns in 13th-19th centuries, pp. 87-102.
Sikora, Radoslaw, Chocim (Khotyn) 1621.
Tezcan, Baki, Khotyn 1621. Or how the Poles Changed the Course of Ottoman History, in: AOASH 62 (June 2009), pp. 185-198.
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Beautiful sir.
I am a bit confused about use of shorter weapon in pike and shot era I would love a video about it.
Keşke Türkçe altyazı da olsaydı I wish there was also Turkish subtitle
Scotland was NOT "English Territories"
The namesake is found in a small town north of Green Bay Wisconsin. Lots of Polish immigrants in Wisconsin
Fun fact: Jakub Sobieski, mentioned in the video, was the father of the famous future King John III Sobieski. His diary was the main source for one of the most prominent poets of Polish Baroque - Wacław Potocki, who wrote an epic poem _Transakcja wojny chocimskiej_ or simply _Wojna chocimska_ (The War of Chocim/Khotyn).
we meet again my friend
fun fact: poland is not the old country it once was before
Tbt both famous national heroes - Jan Sobieski and Jeremi Wisniowiecki, are but pale shadows of their ancestors, considering what we know of the badass exploits of their forefathers lol
@@PakBallandSami Hi!
@@Iionstone No country is what it was in the past. That's how time works.
It's also important to note that Sahaidachny, the hetman of Zaporozhian Cossacks, died due to wounds received in the battle of Khotyn. The Moldavian conflict of 1620-21 essentially caused death of the three great leaders of the Commonwealth that led all the successful campaigns in the previous decade - Żółkiewski of the Polish army, Chodkiewicz of the Lithuanian army and Sahaidachny as the leader of Cossacks.
Is Sahaidachny a tartar name ?
@@gengis737 Yes and no. "Sahaidak" means quiver in ukrainian. However, the origin of the word is mongolian ("sagadag").
@@andriidyiakon5399 Thanks. I was interested because I have been told that early Cossacks were a mix of Ukrainian, Russian and Tartars escaping their landlords to live freely in the Steppes. So I was wondering whether a Tartar could ascent to leading position in Cossack community. Did Sahaidachny had a muslim or christian firstname ? Just to check what his background could be.
@@gengis737 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachny
Żółkiewski was actually the leader of 'the Crown' army. Poland in those times was divided into two main parts: the Crown and Lithuania/Litva (not to be confused with modern Lithuania/Lietuva). The Crown + Lithuania = Poland
A curious fact: at Żółkiewski's burial place a latin inscription 'Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor' ("From my bones, avenger shall arise") was sculpted. Żółkiewski's great grandson? Jan III Sobieski.
Ach, Virgil... ;) Żółkiewski also wanted his funeral shroud to be not black, but red (red as blood). He took Moskow, he's a saint ! ))
The thing about Cossacks and Tartars is that governments could only really pretend they ruled them.
The Rus would ultimatly tame them, but for a while a runnign gag of the Rus and polish with the Ottomans was when the latter complained about Cossack’s raids formers would simply reply that they were their own people and could do nothing about it.
You always have to say in which period when talking about history...
@@TheMrcassina most of them.
@@samsonsoturian6013ehh we’re coming up on about half of the Cossacks existence they’ve been under the Russian empire/nation
Bonus Fact: Sultan Osman was really young! He was born 3 November 1604, making him 16 at the time of the Battle!
and 18 when he was murdered brutally :/
That explains why he wept after the Hussars swept the floor with their elite units. I thought it was an exaggeration, like someone trying to show how much he cared for his people, but now I'm inclined to believe it.
@@ShaizeOn1 He was under 18.
@Ziut Bryk His most experienced commanders,have either close before the seige began or during it. Iskender Pasha,the Victor in Cecora died in 1620 before the battle. Grand vizier Güzelce Ali paşa died before the army left the capital,he was his biggest supporter and one of the main characters who encouraged him to declare war on them. Karakaş Mehmed Paşa,his brother in-law got killed during the battle. And many of the other viziers that were left were either incompetent,or weren't in favour of joining the war. (Halil Paşa,was more focused on conducting sea raids on habsburg Spain and was more interested on attacking it directly. Dilâver Paşa wasn't in favour with the war anyways,and was quickly pressuring the Sultan to sue for piece as soon as he became grand vizier,due to the Janissaries pressuring the sultan to replace the former one,Ohrili Husein Paşa,who failed to support an Ottoman attacl led by karakaş Mehmed Paşa,resulting in the commanders Death and failureof the attack). And the Army,which was very corrupt,didn't want to go on campaign since the beginning and were starting to revolt and demand retreat after only 2 months. While he was indeed young and inexperienced,this defeat was the result of disobedience,and parting loyalties more than the sultans incompetence. He was let down,yet he still paid for it with his life. Poor Sultan.
In those time people didn’t live long so you became an adult very early.
Poland has such a rich history! Thanks for covering this topic. Super interesting!
Commonwealth. It's 4 separate countries now.
@@sirtaelellevalerie1056 Poland was the nucleus though
@@AmateurCaptain Yeah, but other 3 nations also share this history. And, as an example, in this specific battle more than half of soldiers on commonwealth side was ruthenians - cossacks and some soldiers and even noblesse in regular army. It would be disrespectful to forget about them.
@@sirtaelellevalerie1056 oh I’m not forgetting them or disrespecting them. I’m very much fond of the commonwealth.
Not to mention the historian Radoslaw Sikora looks epic af! I'd follow him into battle any day of the week.
Really great to see more popular videos about the history of early modern eastern Europe. Sahajdachny is such an interesting figure, he essentially saved the Ruthenian Orthodox Church in Kyiv along with his clergyman counterpart Petro Mohyla. After him the Cossacks were greatly strengthened, his raids on Constantinople and Anatolia were a significant drain on Ottoman resources too. He was a very respected figure, but also not afraid to levy political pressure on the crown and nobles through the Cossacks. Had he been in charge before 1648, the circumstances which forced Bohdan Khmelnytsky to rebel could have been avoided, and a lot of bloodshed.
"Saved the Ruthenian Orthodox Church in Kyiv"? You consider not being reunited with the West and the Holy See saving? It is sad that Union of Brest did not fully suceed in all of Ruthenia. There is One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. ✝🤝☦ Saint Jozafat Kuncewicz, pray for us! 🙏
@@TheGeneralGrievous19 it was Catholic Church that left the Orthodox Church. There is a reason why it is called Orthodox - from Greek orthodoxos "having the right opinion".
I could not have died in a more legendary manner,.
Huh? You died sickly on a bed. What's legendary about that lol
@@prs_81 What do you mean. Stanisław Żółkiewski at 70 years of age fought a rearguard himself and died. I think you are confusing him with Chodkiewicz.
@@stanisawzokiewski707 oh lol my bad. You are right
This is why I love you tube: so many amazing channels, and endless possibility to learn about other places' History.
Completely true ❤️
Deep knowledge of the sources, understanding of the historical moment and neutral point of view - great video to watch! Greetings from a Ukrainian!
I would love to see more content about the Polish Lithuanian wars against the Ottomans.
2nd Vienna Siege... Polish Decisive Victorious... All others even & small... BTW I spent few months in both... No cultural & linguistic bonds between them... Polland had suffered more than any place last century; Still by all means "unique" place... Lithuanians only I would ally with... In Basketbal...
@@timureren12 The Lithuanian army was not at Vienna in 1683, they did not arrive on time. Only the Crown army was there.
@@PLUAzdrona Yes I know... Many did not was there acrually... Vatican ? İtaly ? My point was "I've seen both countries and havent able to see any cultural strong similarities to maintain a united empire... Even in Austria-Hungary the "2" was a problem... If 3,4,5 get togerther its easier...
@@timureren12 It is quite hard to make any estimations comparing today's Poland and Lithuania. At the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth all cultural issues looked completely different.
The Turkish Empire was in a case strong, but lacked in many 1) İntelligence : Defence was 5 times better constructed where Attack tactics same... 2) Roman İnheritence: Turks never had a infantry based army before.. So it was too slow... (Roman İnfluence İs Underrated) The aim of Sutlans was to be " İklim-i Sultan-ı Rum" ( Rum ment Rome taken from Arabic where no "o" letter is) 3) İdiot "Serdar" on charge: Serdar is top ranked officer in absence of the Sultan: "Kara Mustafa Of Merzifon" was soo dumb to insult the main cavalary ally Tatar Khanas "Monkey Faced" so they simply didnt bother informing the polish storm was on its way... 4) Convert İslam Or Bla Bla: Means "please dont convert so I can take over... ( Not an advocate of anything but jihad rules are kuran based,; cannot be unjustified by "hadiths"... Only in Self defence action can be taken... Converting can be only done by "showing the good by actions to be an example... 5) Expand: Similar effort could have been done to "develop" (Understandable since Ottoman founded in worst time possible... İslam Culture & Science & Philosopy was gone.... Same in West ; Reform era was not on yet... )
Greetings from Hungary! Loved the video, I am very interested in all aspects of Polish and PLC history. Fun fact: One of the greatest rulers of the PLC was a hungarian nobleman, Stephan Báthory. As always: Polak, Węgier - dwa bratanki, i do szabli, i do szklanki, oba zuchy, oba żwawi, niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi.
Long live Hungary!
I absolutely love this time period in this area. Would love to also see cossack, tatar and Russian history from this area as well since I don't see much on it.
In 1621 there was no Russian history, since there was no Russia back in that time. Instead there was Moscovia, a medieval principality.
@@5kopiyok that's what I'm referring to when saying Russian history. It's not wrong to say that since the ethic, culture and religion of the Moscovites and Russians are the same. Also when the Grand Duchy of Moscow united, many adopted the byzantine name for the Rus lands "Rossiya" in the 15th century which is how we have Russia so saying Russian isn't inaccurate.
@@gabrielgrimes8297 Your reasoning is ok, just wanted to point out the time frame. Extrapolating modern countries names into the past may create phantoms that never existed.
5kopiyok however the Rus go back to the Byzantine empire and their Varangian guard, so similarly to German history of Germany and German peoples existed during that time period without there being a nation state of Germany (to be fair the entire concept of "nation" wasn't even invented yet) I see no error in talking about Russian history of Rus descendant people in Russia without there being a russian nation state
@@5kopiyok Do not lie, Tsardom of Russia was already in 15 century
i like how they were able to overcome mutual hatred and visited each other’s camps after the peace deal
I've read that the Ottomans/Turks held a seat for a "Lechstan" delegate long after Poland was partitioned out of respect.
I don't think they hated each other. There was never a fight between Polish and Turkish on the land which was ethnic Polish or Turkish. They were just doing their job fighting for influence on the land between them.
@@CDA138ek maybe you are right
Curious fact: Vanquisher of Turks and Tatars, the Lion of Lechistan, king John III Sobieski...enjoyed a Janissary music and even had his own Janissary orchestra made of turkish POW's. Poles and Turks met each other for hundreds of years in trade, diplomacy and on many battlefields (first time in Battle of Kosovo 1389 where Polish knights were present in the Serbian army), but they could respect each other, even as enemies.
"refers to Light Cossack Cavalry (Pancerni)" - there is somethink wrong with this. "Pancerni" mean literally "armoured", and this term is usually used to call standard Polish cavalry of the time, protected with chainmail and armed sabers, bows and firearm. Calling them "light" cavalry sound wrong, especially when you have Lisowczycy, who use no armor at all, next to them.
At the time Cossack Cavalry was not yet unified in regards to protective equipment and some banners still fought without mails. But yeah, Pancerni were more of medium cavalry. A bridge in terms of equipment and role between light and heavy cavalry.
Yeah, to my knowledge the "Pancerni Cavalry" and the "Cossack Cavalry" were two separate types of cavalry.
@@ArghastOfTheAlliance Yes and no. "Cossack" (or "kozacy" in Polish) mean 2 things. One is a type of cavalry, second is group of people living in Zaporoże. Today "Cossack" are mostly used in this second meaning, and in this sence - yes, they cavalry is somethink competelly diferent, very light one. But if you talk about first meaning... well, those "cossack" was later renamed to "pancerni" to avoid confision, sooo... those are the same thing.
@@ArghastOfTheAlliance "Cossack cavalry" was a naming convention. Initially those troops were Cossacks, but then the replacements came mostly from the Polish nobility, they created many more units and so on. They were still called "Cossacks", until the Cossacks successfully rebelled. Then it hurt too much, so they changed the name to Pancerni (mailed, armored).
Yes. Even more, isn't the term "pancerni" literally derived from "panzer", meaning "armour"?
The relationship between Zaporozhian Cossacs and Commonwh was a complicated one. A lot of Cossacks came from former peasants who ran away to escape their masters. Plus they were orthodox christian and there were tensions with Catholic Commonwealth. Some served the Commonwealth on a regular basis, others would organise several rebellions against the Commonwealth. Especially those who'd be calling themselves Zaporozhian Cossacs considered themselves "free men" and independent of Commonwealth rule, so they would not cease their raids turks whom they considered their enemy.
I had never heard of this epic smackdown. It's strange how the Ottoman Empre is well-known, Muscovy is well-known, in fact every other great power at that time is still familiar to the average lay historian, but the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is not, even though it was one of the most powerful entities in Europe for centuries. I think this is partly due to the fact that every other of the major powers survived as independent entities until the modern day or at least the 20th Century, whereas the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth broke up into two separate countries, Poland was partitioned, Lithuania was subsumed into the Russian Empire and its identity was lost.
And that is the reason for making such a videos. And thanks to channels like SandRhoman it is possible :).
Ты получается многого не слышал,например того что Речь Посполитая распалась не в 20м веке,а в 18.Состояла не из двух держав ,а из четырех.(королевство Польша ,Великое княжество Литовское в которое входило воеводство Руське(королевство Ruthenium или Русь-Украина) и Великое княжество Жемайтийское(сейчас Литовская республика). В 20веке Польша утратила свою государственность в связи с началом Первой мировой войны ,когда войска Германии 1сентябя 1939года начали захват этого государства.(и возродила свою государственность с кончиною СССР)
It is because of German Propaganda after the partitions. The Anti-Polonism and Polonophobia which infiltrated every German Prussian, German Austrian & German Tsarist institution and influenced West Euro historians* and educators*. * * These fools simply repeat old politically motivated insults without bothering to question the rhetoric. Even today the Polish Cavalry continues to attack German tanks with lances.
That's because when the PLC was partitioned there was an active campaign to destroy its history. Back when Lithuania still had its currency the guy on the 100 note was a Lithuanian historian, who went to Moscow and secretly made copies of stolen documents.
The lack of knowledge about polish (i'm not sure about lithuanian nowdays) histroy is really commonly even by the Pols now. Especialy becouse of partiations in XIX century. But in the 20th century was quite similar. Lithuania was a part of USSR, and Poland was pupet state of Soviets. People was learned to be shame becouse of their own history (them kinng, nobility, victories etc.). In use was ony parts of history showing how western world was agressiv and fighting with Commonwalth and that country was backward to the others neighbors. We're independet now for few decades and many histroians trying to show people the more true view but they have a lot of work. when even Poles have such problems, it is hard for other people to learn obout wour history.
3:08 Problems between Poland-Lithuanian commonwealth & Ottomans increases after Osman II comes to the throne 8:04 The Commonwealth prepares for war 12:20 Ottomans march to Khotyn & battle ensues 16:10 Change in Ottoman strategy Jan Karol Chodkiewicz & the Winged Hussars 19:50 Further change in Osman II's strategy (focused attack on supply lines) 23:25 Chodkiewicz's death & resulting Ottoman pushes 25:26 Negotiation between Osman II & Lubomirski leads to the Treaty of Khotyn 27:43 Aftermath
PLC history is so underrated. ps. I didn't expect that wholesome end. very well made video.
@Szymon Gniado Finally The Good Ending. You realise its Polish History. Oh no
Minsk 1621: the parliament debates about every rule and taxation Minsk 2021: Lukashenko....
"The Ottomans had no powder left" It's a testament to PLC's toughness. They endured so much that the freaking Ottomans spent their entire powder and didn't break through!
I would love to see you cover the 1673 battle of Khotyn as well. Thanks for covering the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania.
Thanks for this video. I live just a few kilometers away from Khotin and did not know about this battle.
Nice video yet a bit one-sided at the end. Since the results of Khotin is equally important for the Ottoman internal affairs. Osman II (also called Osman the Young) was one of the youngest and most energetic Sultans of the empire during its stagnation period. He was both talented, well educated and shrewd and also seen as the bright future of a failing state when he ascended to throne. When he enthroned by a coup d'état at his 14 he was supported by the palace bureaucrats, aristocracy and Janissary Corps alike. The sultans of that period, stagnation era, of the empire were generally tools in the hands of palace women and eunuchs since they were isolated in the palace grounds and even in their own apartments while they grew as crown princes. But Osman seems to have broken this cycle and made decisive steps towards being a competent ruler (as evidenced by the signing of the Treaty of Serav in 1618 with Safavid Sultanate of Persia which guaranteed the safety of the eastern Ottoman border). Khotyn changed everything. The easy victory that was perceived turned into a quagmire and a slug-fest that the technologically and theoretically weakening Ottoman Army was not ready for. But most importantly for Osman the battle put forward the inadequacy of the once fabled Jenissary Corps. The rank insubordination and unrulines of the Jenissaries were recorded in the Ottoman chronicles of the battle. The Jenissary Corps in the early 17th century itself became a political power and an important faction in Ottoman palace politics not very different from the Roman Empire's Preatorian Guard in the empire's decline in 2nd and 3rd centuries. Worse still, In early 1622 after a few months of Treaty of Khotyn, Osman II decided to start another campaign against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth yet the commanders (Aghas) of the Jenissary Corps flat out refused to commit their forces to another campaign. This seems to have become the final straw for Osman and he first closed the coffee shops (unoffical gathering places of Jenissaries) in Istanbul (Constantinople) and decided to disband the corps for a more state afilliated and modernized army from the eastern, Anatolian provinces. Yet when the news of his long term modernization plans were leaked to the street, Jenissary Coprs initiated a coup. It was not the first, nor the last, but maybe the most tragic. Because to this date no such coup had ended with the death of a Sultan. But Osman II was taken by Jenissaries to the Yedikule Dungeon, (allegedly) raped and murdered (by strangulation since it was considered wrong to shed the imperial blood) by Jenissary soldiers in 5 of May 1622. Osman II is largely considered the first Ottoman Sultans in the Period of Ottoman Stagnation that noticed the need of any kind of reform (a military one on this instance). Also he was the first Sultan who was deposed and murdered by Jenissaries. This coup can also be considered the first time we can perceive Jenissary Cops not as an effective fighting force but as a corrupt political faction. And all thanks to the stalemate and humiliating treaty of the Battle of Khotin.
That was a good read. Thanks!
Thanks for this. That is so pity that there are so few Turkish sources and books translated into English so they could be useful in creating such a projects ...
Holy shit dude, you should make a KZhead channel or be a history teacher lol that was hella informative
Yeah but Osman was not Popular with the people as well , his murder of his brother and the successive snow storm weakened his image in the eyes of the people . Also he had many bad advisors and was in constant conflict with the sheikh ul Islam
@@muhammadpasha313 Sheik ul islam at the time was the guy who leaked out the info about him making a new elite forces as the only person Osman told that information was his wife daughter of the sheik.
A great video! I realy aprecciate its high quality. just one correction: Grand Crown Hetman, the old man Żółkiewski has not been captured by enemies during a tragic retreat from Tutora. He died refusing to escape (he killed his own horse) and died with a saber in his hand. This was his last stand. He chose to die in battle rather than bear the shame of defeat at home.. After all, he was the victor from Kłuszyn, who took Moscow in 1610. Curious fact: Żólkiewski was a grand grandfather of king John III Sobieski. Sobieski's mother taught him Latin on the examples of inscriptions written on the tomb of his great ancestor. The uncle and brother of king John also were killed by Tatars. John III himself was born in stormy night on a castle around which the Tatar invasion was raging. The fight against the Tatars and the Turks, one could say, was this man's destiny.
I was playing cossacks III and the battle is very well presented in the game campaign!
Heartfelt thanks! Living thousands of miles away from Khotyn currentrly but born and raised there, I still feel a close inner connection with this city and its glorious history. Thank you ever so much for the great video!
"...banned the sale of horses and nitrate, which was needed for the making of gunpowder." That's some unique gunpowder! Is their recipe intended to give it extra kick by increasing muzzle velocity from extra horsepower?
Regarding Ottoman looses, as I understand their retreat was even more costly than battle - due to early onset of winter they suffered tremendous marching looses on the way back to Adrianopol.
Actually it is quite interesting that northern europe was with the exception of some roman conquests almost always only successfully conquered by people that came from even further northern territories, the Germans from Gotland over the Celts, the Angles, Jutes and Saxons over the romanizes Britons, the Danes over the English, the Swedish over the Danes, the Normans over the French, the Viking Rus over the slavs and so on. Northern winters seem to outweigh any organisational and technological advantage throughout pretty much all of history
@@hmvollbanane1259 but then again Scots by the English, English by the Normans, Novgorod by Muscovy, Teutonic Orders by Poles, Norway and Sweden by Danes.
@@phunkracy oh I am aware that there are countless examples of people winning battles and wars, but successful long-term occupation was usually conducted from the north/ harsher climate to the south/ milder climate. Also e.g. the English when they conquered Scotland were predominantly not actual saxons but Normans (though admittedly the scots were half norsemen themselves by that time). Though overall i agree of course that this isn't a 100% accurate assumption and especially in clashes of people living in comparible harsh conditions or for some time after big migrations it doesn't apply at all. But in the grand scheme of things it at least appears to me that the harsh environments on the one side held development back in comparison to powers from more hospital places but on the other created some sort of unconquerable natural bulwark. I just find fascinating how the biggest warlords, conquerers and most advanced civilisations and militaries of their time seem to time and again be utterly devastated by the onset of winter when they tried to establish their power and influence northwards in Europe.
@@phunkracy i mean just look at the amounts the Ottoman Turks failed with invasion forces that could under other circumstances conquered the whole known world, by loosing their bigger cannons in rain and mud, colds decimating entire armies and the onset of winter forcing them to end their campaign without having made significant gains time and again. I can see them the first or second time getting blindsided by this but e.g. at the time of the battle in this video I would have expected them to be well aware and prepared for it, yet still grandfather frost managed to claim more ottoman soldiers than even the bravery of the Polish Lithuanians could
@@hmvollbanane1259 I think there's another reason for that. Northernmost european provinces were usually not worth it, unless for specifically strategic reasons. When Polish king Sigismund III Vasa tried to retake Swedish throne, Polish nobles considered it a monarch's whim, seeing Sweden as backwater - one even described his impression of Swedish lands as "the bottom (as in buttocks) of the civilized world". Of course the English had strategic reasons to conquer Scotland, but otherwise their attitude was no different to that of the Romans towards pictish tribes north of the wall. Same for the Danish.
Got my Husaria sweatshirt on my birthday looks fire thanks m8
18:20 WHEN THE WINGGED HUSSARS ARRIVED
Greetings from Turkey Your videos are interesting. Please make a video about Siege of Nagykanizsa 1601. It's a great example for how you can defend a star-fortress during a siege.
Fascinating! This is like the Ottoman version of the Siege of Castelnuovo (but a with victory of the defenders)
I would say Tiryaki Hasan Pasha is the mastermind behind that victory, he displayed some art of warfare tactics in that siege. That guy is really underrated as a military commander.
@@bodoor8172 If you interested about that siege and Nagykanizsa City's histoy. You can watch this video and other works on the same channel but it is Hungarian. I can not understand it but it looks like they are giving very important informations. 😄 kzhead.info/sun/d9Gok9lxroOgaa8/bejne.html
Been watching all the old vids on yer channel. This brilliant one is clearly a turning point. This is fantastic!
Very high quality video
Since I don't know this battle it's like watching UFC to me! The suspense of the back and forth was crazy, and I didn't know who was going to win!
Great video. Amazing job as always. Thank you for taking on the most underappreciated timeline and countries and showing it to the world.
Hurrem Sultan, the wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and mother of Sultan Selim II, was from Ruthenia and she established great relations between the Ottomans and the Polish with her letters to Sigismund Augustus II. Thanks to her heritage, they were able to create a good formal relationship.
Love the details like the art and that you add stories like the soldiers visiting and trading after peace was signed, makes an interesting topic all the more interesting. 😍
Great work! Like some youtube channels you don't use background sounds reminiscent of the dark power of Mordor when talking about the Ottoman Empire. Thank you for your natural and realistic work. Respect and love to Poland.
well, for people at this lands at the time Ottoman empire seemed pretty much like mordor XD raiding and invasions rarely provide nice impressions ;)
@@sirtaelellevalerie1056 On some youtube channels, they describe the Ottoman state with such music, even apart from military expeditions. It's like an antithesis to civilization and the beautiful thing. Raids were made during expeditions. There are several reasons for these raids. For example; gathering information, collecting supplies for soldiers and animals, instilling fear, etc. But the part I want to draw attention to is that fear and invasion are not the only facets of Empires of thousands of square kilometers. Certain resources are seriously needed for empires to survive. We are using oil and nuclear energy now, but at that time, it was manpower, and the Ottoman Empire used this power well until the Industrial Revolution. Just like in other states, the differences between the slavery system in the Ottoman Empire and the slavery practice in the Atlantic trade triangle are huge and are a separate topic of discussion. It is a strong state that has kept up with the conditions of the Ottoman era, and it is not the only force that plunders. Ottomans uses the raids and plundering in the wars not as the main source of livelihood, but as a right and a method provided to his vassal. This does not deny that the Ottomans were perceived as a frightening and malevolent entity for the inhabitants of the Podolia region, like the black power of Mordor. However, such regions were very few and existed in the border regions. Apart from this, a serious trade and opportunity network we can talk about pax Ottomania. It was dominant, especially within the Ottoman Empire provinces. And in the east like Persian-Ottoman border, Ottoman Arabia, in the west, Ottoman-Venice Even in peacetime on the borders of Hungary and Poland and Russia there were dense trade networks. In summary, to explain how complicated the Ottoman Empire was, I wrote what you already know stuff here for the young people who will read this. comment. lol
Wkradł się mały błąd. W bitwie pod Humiennem lisowczycy rozbili węgierską armie Jerzego Rakoczego. Gabor Bethlen oblegał wówczas Wiedeń, na wieść o klęsce wycofał się do Siedmiogrodu, dlatego bitwa pod Humiennem jest nazywana "pierwszą odsieczą Wiedeńską".
Admirable piece of work! Thank you so much for bringing us such high quality content
It is sad that battles fought in Poland and around Poland are not known in the West - one has to note that this was the largest battle of 17th century followed by other battles... *also* fought in Poland. I.e. the largest military conflicts of 17th century took place... in Poland. By number of soldiers involved.
Battle of Berestechko for example
Things haven't changed. WWII Eastern Front for example.
Poland sacrificed alot of its men to save europe from islam.
It is known by educated people.
Largest battles*. The largest conflicts took place in western Europe. Wars like the Franco-Dutch War and the Nine Years War. The French army alone was bigger than the Polish and Ottoman armies combined
continuing my binge watching marathon. I gotta catch up to all your new vids.
What an awesome video. The amount of work that went into it must have been insane really. Great content.
At the same time ukrainian cossacks destoryed Mediterranean fleet of Osmans, which came to help Black sea fleet. Then attacked Konstantinopol. This campaign had two branches.
Thant was awesome! Thanks for putting so much effort into it! Jan Karol was a beast
Amazing video made brilliantly and a insight on something many including myself had no idea happened and not just that but the how and why as well.
Great video!!! I am fairly well versed in History, but had never heard of this battle. It kind of makes me mad that that " Western Historians" give almost no info on this important engagement( at least in the texts that I have read). The number of troops involved and the fact that it was major check on the Ottomans should put this engagement on par with the 1683 siege of Vienna( forgive me if the date is wrong). Many thanks to you and the professor for shedding light on this subject, good job!!
@پیاده نظام خان first major defeat in generations
@@sirtaelellevalerie1056 It was actually Zenta caused Ottoman collapse in Hungary. As پیاده نظام خان mentioned they recovered from many defeats.
What a spectacular work. This is so unbelievably fascinating!
Дуже цікаве та якісно змонтоване відео! Велике дякую :)
Dang that polish pronunciation is impressive
Bartosz had to send me a lot of recordings for that tbh. It still could be better I guess!
"Lysowdżytzy" :D
@@d0nutwaffle Close enough.
@@SandRhomanHistory What languages do you speak? Your French also sounds impressive
@@porygonyt8014 - I think he’s Dutch. Or my guess is he’s Dutch (Nederlander).
Top quality - as usual. I'm so glad I found your channel!
Thank you for the beautiful video, been waiting for this beautiful video
Your Polish pronunciation in this video is really impressive. Hats off. BTW, do you plan to make more documentaries involving Radosław Sikora or the history of Eastern European warfare and conflicts in general? I think the Siege of Moscow (1610-1612) seems to fit well the general theme of your channel. Especially since it was really dramatic (cannibalism for survival included).
A Dymitriady series would be cool
Always happy to see a new upload from SandRhoman
The Polish-Lithuanian empire ,despite being one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe,fell because of its constitution -the monarchy was elective and this alongside the liberum veto which mandated that if even one member of the parliament vetoed a piece of legislation it could not become law,meant that foreigners like the Russians,Austrians and Prussians etc could meddle in the country's affairs and this led to the empire's dissolution.
That was one of many factors
PLC was never empire. It was large regional power but bot an empire.
It was far too loose of a confederacy to last any significant amount of time. A meme nation, if you will.
Grossly oversimplified take on PLC history. Elective monarchy and parliaments being dismissed without passing needed laws were more a symptom of PLC weakness than its cause. Power of Polish monarch, who since 1569 is a ruler of PLC, was undermined since early 15th century. Next was undermining of the power of "common nobility", that as early as 1569 is almost nominal. True power shifts toward wealthy nobility (magnates), who as different subclass of nobility seizes reins of actual power in PLC, but uses them for personal (or at best for closes relatives) betterment. Central power in PLC is weak and it's done by design by magnates. Country budget is low because both taxes paid by nobility are low and non-tax incomes are low or even seized by magnates. For over 50 years lesser nobles were trying to reinstate king's control over income sources that were seized by magnates and... they fail so spectacularly that one of last leaders of that noble activist group becomes one of greatest magnates in Poland and one of great magnates in whole of PLC. In this video there was mention of Sejm creating a special tax and how hard it was to get money that were asked for. This also becomes one of symptoms of PLC weakness - whenever a war starts special taxes are being considered by Sejm, sometimes even vote on them gets passed. But virtually nonexistent tax administration can't raise needed amounts and in fact only part of PLC society that has enough hard cash to give to tax collectors are... magnates, who prefer to spend this money on their private armed forces. I wrote this much and I haven't even get to describe situation of peasantry and burghers in PLC, that also contributed to downfall of this country and that also were a results of nobles and magnates getting privileges from weakened king's of Poland.
@@PobortzaPl All these points and arguments are basicaly right, but it is not a video about history of the PLC (and reasons why it collapsed), but about one particular campaign and battle.
Oh, you're sitting in a tight camp in harsh conditions for a long time? Well, here's our old friend, The Plague
Thanks for this interesting and previously unknown piece of history. Keep up the good work 😃
Great content! Learning so much about the early modern period thanks to you!
Awesome video. People in the west especially the US don’t realize how badass Poland was before they were basically dissolved by Prussia and Russian in the 18th century. Think most here just know of Poland for it 20th century history involving the holocaust and communism. Few of us here don’t realize the impact the commonwealth had on the Ottomans.
True, but worth noting, that dissolution, as a sequence of events, was initiated by Austria with the seizure of Spisz in 1769. It basically indicated to the other powers that the PLC was isolated and vulnerable. Austria also participated in the formal partitions. Just my opinion, but I do not believe it is a stretch to say Austria utterly screwed itself vis a vis Prussia by going down this road against its former ally.
@@zubstep seems like every major power of Europe had a cycle of being a great power and then became isolated and the other powers like sharks are away at it. In PLC’ s situation they didn’t even leave a corpse. Personally being an ignorant American had no idea how powerful PLC was until I started studying the Ottoman Empire. Would love to visit the country and see the remnants of that time period.
@@mattstakeontheancients7594 Welcome to Poland any time :). Meanwhile, you can see around 100 drone footages of the PLC's architectural heritage on the territory of today's Ukraine, here: kzhead.info
@@PLUAzdrona thanks I will check it out.
Turkey is the only country that did not recognize the partitions of Poland. According to legend, when all ambassadors and diplomats were presented to the sultan at the audience, after all ambassadors were presented, the herald uttered the sentence: "the envoy from Poland has not arrived yet"
Ottoman empire* not Turkey. They are different.
@@cenktuneygok8986 Not exactly. The two systems are miles apart different. For starters, a traditional empire that is based on a dynasty is different in its composition and its identity from a modern nation state. One of the differences is in the identity itself. The Ottoman empire's identity was solely defined by the sultan's power and the dynastic continuity. Wheras the Turkish identity is based on the ethnicity of a certain group within the nation: namely the Turks, especially those in the left half of anatolia. Granted, the Ottomans DID try to become a nation state in the end of the 19th century adn the beginning of the 20th century; but they failed. It led them into trying to form an Osmanlilik ethnic identity and they tried to force that identity on other groups within the empire that previously existed within the structure despite their differences, we all know how that ended (i.e not very well). The Ottoman empire for mot of its history was not like the colonial empires or Imperial Japan; they didn't care about ethnic identity. And that sense they were more akin to traditional medieval and ancient empires (like the Romans). Suggesting that the Turkish state is basically the same as the Ottoman state would place the latter in the same category as that of the British, French, Spanish and Japnese empires...etc which would be inaccurate almost to the point of slander. Not in the sense that one system was superior or inferior to the other, but just in the sense that differences should be recognized.
@@cenktuneygok8986 Would you say then that the peoples of the Balkans are also the same as the Ottomans despite them not being Turkish nor part of the modern Turkish state? Because they were part of the empire for its entire history. If you're going to say no then you'll have to apply that standard to the Turks of Turkey as well.
@@cenktuneygok8986 The thing is, the Ottoman identity wasn't the same as the Turk identity as you are well aware. Which means even if these Turks shared many things alongside the house of Osman they were still seperate from them quite significantly. Therefore, as long as that is established, they are as much Ottoman as the Christians of the Balkans were. Because, afterall, the Balkan region was conquered by the Ottomans almost at the same time as the Anatolian regions -- gratned they started in Anatolia so they had an edge of advance there, but they crossed the sea quite fast I think you would agree. All in all, since both were conquered people, both were equally non-Ottoman. Just because one of the two happens to share the religion and customs doesn't make it closer to the Ottoman identity. Because the latter wasn't a cultural identity, it was political one. The Knight Hospitallers of Malta attacked both Muslim and Greek Christian ships in the mideteranea under the excuse that even though the latters shared their faith, they were still afterall under the suzerainty of the Ottoman state which makes the them the same. I think it's important that we look at these identities from the perspectives of the peoples of the time and not use our modern conceptions about ethnic identities. When you say that these people were conquered by the foreign Ottomans but the Turks who were conquered by them shared the culture and religion therefore the concept of being seperate from them doesn't apply, you are basically applying your own view of which makes an identity what it is to these times. All you need to disprove that kind of thinking is looking into the core of the empire for most of its history itself: the Devshirme system: food for thought.
@@cenktuneygok8986 Not all Ottoman were Turks just as not all Turks were Ottoman; simple as that.
This video sounded like a fun epic that you watch on TV or read about. With the whole situation being tense for the longest time. Shame more people don't know about this battle.
It's worth pointing out that outside of Lisowczycy being a competent army unit they were often used in the same manners as the Tatars - burning villages, looting, ra...other things. Their fast movement and discipline made them extremely efficient in such attrition tactics (they were also quite famous for their cruelty which would have had an additional morale effect).
The Lisowczycy recruited from desperados, daredevils and badasses of all kind they were so rackety that they were banned from the country and even those of noble origin ended up in the dungeons or were chased by the local militia like a rabid dogs. Even in the borders of Commonwealth they acted like invaders. Sigismund III cleverly sent them to help the emperor while getting rid of the problem in the country. Since they had been summoned to Khotyn with a promise of forgiving their crimes and removing their banishment, it meant that the Commonwealth treated the Ottoman invasion very seriously.
Yeach. It's really funny that people get so hyped about the Winged Hussars, knowing that they were not the top cavalry of PLC. I am just waiting for the world to learn about Lisowczycy - those were the baddest motherfuckers of their era.
@@zbigniewp1810 Do not compare lowlifes, bandits and criminals (Lisowczycy) to the most elite cavalry unit (Winged Hussars) of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth...
@@Blizbor18 why not? Lisowczycy might have been the scourge of XVII c., but they also were soldiers, and - at least when participating in wars as units - they were the best at it in history of PLC.
@@zbigniewp1810 Just because they were useful sometimes, does'nt mean they should be praised, no, they should be recognised for who they were - professional bandits and criminals for hire. I'm more then certain, that people of PLC in XVII c. definately would'nt share your praise of Lisowczycy.
You are creating great educational & entertaining content and I hope it brings you the success you strive for.
Thank you for putting such effort in your content, it's always interesting and one feels your enthusiasm for making the best entertaining "education".
I really like these videos with coverage of events around the major battle. It's interesting to see how much autonomy some of the various political/military leaders had at the different times. And interesting to see when they get choked by their Janissaries.
Commenting for that algorithmic engagement
go algorithm go! let's do this boys!
algorithm, huzzah!
Snow in the 27th of September? What? I'm still sweating my balls off in late September, how do they even grow food if it's so damn cold? I mean thats only 6 days after the "official" end of summer.
sry, but what do you know about the weather in this part of the world or the climate in the early 17th century?
Such a great day for history fans!! Great video as always y'all! I thoughley enjoyed it!!
Love the content! Long time history fan and I knew nothing of this, nice to see some oft uncovered places and times being covered. One thing I noticed right away is that when the Poles came together to decide what they should do they did it. In so many other stories you would hear "all the lords weren't happy with the increase in taxes and so secretly sided with the Ottomans." or "lord asswipe promised support but did not grant it, using this as an opportunity to advance his own career." One has to think this is why they were successful.
Sadly, this became a thing later on, in the 18th century. This kind of thinking swiped out Poland from the map for 123 years.
Yup, fish rots from the head as it was with roman republic and many states in history unfortunetly
These were the Swan song years of the Commonwealth. It's peak in statesmanship, culture and military prowess. Soon the 1650" hit with cossack rebellions, Swedish deluge and war with Russia. After that the Commonwealth was but a shadow of its former self.
"One has to think this is why they were successful." Seriously, you hit the nail on the head. That's how the Commonwealth became successful, that's how it fell. The huge expansion of the territory was mostly peaceful. The Lithuanians and Rus joined, the Latvians joined, the Prussians joined and even many Russians wanted to join. The Russians were fed up with their absolute rulers, who could decide to hang them because they woke up slightly moody. The life in the Commonwealth looked so much better in comparison. But then, all those ideals which made the Commonwealth great became slowly abandoned and replaced with vain showing off. So it went into decline and then totally fell.
The Swedish Deluge started the decline. The Poles repelled the Swedes but never exacted revenge. Instead it was the start of the decline.
Brilliant work! Both entertaining and informative!
Excellent history of a lesser-known battle. Very interesting; I enjoyed that!
28:00 I like how he shows the whole polish map, but only a third of the Ottoman Map :)) Whole video, same thing.
Is he Polish? Because he only mentioned one Turkish leader while mentioning numerous Polish. Maybe he used more Polish sources
@@aksmex2576 That’s often the case that they use contemporary sources, which exaggerate the enemy Numbers and paint the enemy as evil devils :) Normal war propaganda, but it is used as historical facts, because “sources”. For example half of the Ottoman forces were non-combattant “logistics personnel”, but that’s almost never mentioned.
@@OsmanOsmanHan You are not right, it is mentioned in the movie that half of the Ottoman forces were servants. And where do you see in the movie the enemy painted as "evil devils"?
@@PLUAzdrona I’m talking about the contemporary sources from that time, and how they described the events. Fun stuff.
@@OsmanOsmanHan Aaa, yup, that is the case. Anyway original sources are extremely interesting in understanding the "spirit" of the age and that time.
It is mind blowing that in the end the common soldiers celebrated and traded together. It just goes to show that most of the time, when left to their own devices, people would rather trade and celebrate than kill each other. It is the tyrants and despots who force us to hate and kill one another for their own gain, or in this sad case absolutely nothing. Great video as usual by the way!
Are you familiar with the channel Voices of the Past? Recently an excerpt from a Muslim chronicler Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad was posted there, describing (among other things) a similar case of fraternization during the 3rd Crusade.
I wonder how well this "fraternization" would have worked, if the camp fell...
@@bakters Probably not very well.
you should not forget that the ottomans and the plc had until this point mostly good relations the ottoman sultan texted in his letters to the habsburgs as "cowards" or other humiliating terms but the polish king as "noble prince from poland the most noble amoung the christian princes" and you should not forget that the islamic world was relatively tolerant to other religions and the most tolerant state in europe was poland (not as much as the otttomans but 1st amoung other europeans) they had trade agreeents which gave the traiders of both sides free passage the wars of that time were not like the intensive ideological wars of the early modern era with massive propaganda and mass population mobilizations
@@bossenes5020 All valid points but really those are just evidence of the cooperation between the states and their monarchs. The perspective of the common person is not taken into consideration in a text written by the monarch. However; anecdotes like the fraternization between opposing soldiers is very telling of the perspective of the common people.
Thank you very much! Very well explained. (I'm one of these "westeners" interested in Polish history)
A major problem with English-language historiography is the omission of studies or even historical sources in less “popular” languages, such as Polish, Hungarian or Turkish. This leads not only to simplifications and wrong conceptions, but also to an underestimation of the history of Central and Eastern Europe. In studies, we usually have descriptions of German countries, Turkey, Russia, and sometimes Sweden. Until recently, the Polish-Lithuanian Union was only marginally mentioned. I think that, for example, the republicanism of the Polish nobility should arouse interest as a certain phenomenon in history?
@@cetus4449 Agree 100%. The point is however that it is the Polish "problem" to care about enough translations into English. It is rather difficult to expect it from Western researchers ... this is the job to be done by Polish colleagues (like in this video exactly) to fulfill Western libraries, bookshops, internet etc. with enough and good quality sources and literature.
@@PLUAzdrona Good point. Btw I saw your channel. Is amazing. Full of rich content. Regards!
@@cetus4449 Thanks! Glad you like it!
Brilliant episode! The more Ottoman/ Polish content the better
It can be a great series of videos: Battle of Moscow, cossac's raids on turkish cities, Polish wars with Sweden and Moskovits.
Congrats on the collaboration!
Oh man, finally someone on KZhead did a video on this battle.
Incredible work. Shall be displayed in history classes around the world.
AMAZING, watched Sikora compete in jousts many times. It is fun to see his YT work.
Who knew charging the same place repeatedly would not work…
Yup, it certainly worked just as well at Waterloo ;)
Especially if it’s against Cossacks!!
Dude hats of to you, i find your comments in so many different history channels.
Vive l'Empereur.
Osman was 16 lmao
An impressive video. Many thanks!
Fantastic video! 👍👍 It was very interesting and well made.
Hetmans Zólkiewski and Chodkiewicz were some of the finest commanders Poland ever had.
True, but we must also remember the great commanders such as Tarnowski, Koniecpolski, Czarniecki and Sobieski. Tarnowski, a renaissance theoretician and practitioner of the art of war, fought against the Tatars, Muscovites and Moldovans. His work _Consilium rationis bellicae_ shaped not only the Polish military, but was widely known in Europe. Koniecpolski: Just as Żólkiewski was a pupil of his mighty cousin and teacher Jan Zamoyski, Koniecpolski was a "padawan" ;) of Żółkiewski and in a sense exceeded his master - for example, he successfully fought against Turks and Tatars. He was a formidable opponent of Gustaw Adolf. Nicknamed "Nacinacz" the "Cutter". Czarniecki was a master of guerrilla warfare, but he also won some decisive battles. A ruthless vanquisher of the Swedes, Cossacks and Muscovites. Sobieski needs no introduction, I think.
@@cetus4449 Czarniecki was a war criminal who massacred civilians, yet he's still mentioned in the anthem. Meanwhile, mentioning Stepan Bandera usually sends Poles into a hissy fit. Double standards?
@@draug1984 What other moronic justifications will Ukrainians find for their twentieth-century fascist murderers? The Gestapo and the NKVD are more appropriate analogy for the upa degenerate bandit ...Although, NKVD and the Gestapo were sadistic cold professionals - and the Banderites were ordinary, cowardly, rabid dogs.
@@cetus4449 hissy fit confirmed.
@@draug1984 Comparing killing rebels in 17th century to a 20th century genocide is idiotic.
A great story told. By the way, 52 years later another battle took place at Khotyn
Cool. Next thing I’ve been dying to see is an army comp and organization video on the Polish-Lithuanian, Ottoman and Russian armies during this time period and may be possibly previous time periods such as during the Fall of Constantinople and during the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans.
It's so cool that the fortress still stands.
there should be noted that it was somewhat rebuilt century later. During this battle it looked quite different (and, arguably, even more impressive)
Full coverage of the Khotyn Fortress by drone: kzhead.info/sun/m7yDgLp8n5Vtras/bejne.html
Awesome. Love the concept of bringing in native speakers so you can make us of all the sources. Cool shit.
So awesome!
The ottomans strategies: -Use overwhelming numbers: Failed -Surround the defenders with artillery to break morale: Failed -Use treachery: Failed -Tell soldiers that enemy s’leader is dead: Failed -Starve them: Almost succeeded
That was the common tactic don't get the logic why the besieging army should have less numbers doesn't make any sense but ignorant greeks always has to spread there hate that's why you were ottoman subject for hundreds of years
Very good work. Glad to see detailed english speaking video on less known PLC history
Well done documentary on an interesting time in history, informative AND entertaining. And thanks for getting all these professionals together for this excellent production!
Incredible as always
This video was uploaded within a minute after Polka Omaru's music video went live I had to sacrifice Hololive in the name of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
True patriotism!
Bros befors virtual hos
Your sacrifice is appreciated.
EI EI AJAJAJ (insert sentence here)
always a husar, never a simp.
Współpraca której się nie spodziewaliśmy ale której potrzebowaliśmy! ⚔🖤
Fantastyczny pomysl I fantastyczna realizacja. Wielkie gratulacje!!!
Excellent presentation and learnt lots!! Wells one.
Nice 😍 pięknie ❤️ graži, чудово! Well made video 💪 worth to watch many times