James Peebles, one of the world's greatest cosmologists, has profoundly influenced our understanding of dark matter, dark energy, and the big bang, contributions that earned him the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics. In this riveting conversation, Peebles joins Brian Greene to explore humankind's ongoing quest to grasp the past and the future of the cosmos.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participant:
Jim Peebles
Moderator:
Brian Greene
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This was a great one. I really appreciate the 1 on 1 conversations. They are always deeper, more historical, more coherent, and more educational in my opinion, than the big panels are.
Agreed. BG obviously knows his stuff. You could tell the guest was impressed with Dr. Greenes basic knowledge of the subject and his preparation for the interview. Great questions without hesitation.
Yes!!!
Im a registered nurse, never took a physics class in my life, but I love these videos and have learned so much from them. I also have a huge crush on Brian Greene, as I think, judging from the comments, many others do, too! 😊Thank you for such interesting information! Cheers from PA, USA
I'm an old boomer and have to say, Greene is cool. Love how he throws in a little joke every now & then.
We are so very lucky to learn from some of the worlds foremost physicists and scientists like Brian , Sean Carrol and many more. As a total layman I find these talks totally fascinating. You can see what you can about social media, but this is one of the positive results of it.
thanks for being a nurse! hard job!
Aye I'm a physicist and also never took a physics class
Hes my fav at explaining things in clear and understandable terms. Talks at a good pace too
WSF is one of the best most amazing things to exist.
I can't wait!!!!! This will be my first time actually seeing this live
only the chat is live, the video is a recording 😂
@@janklaas6885ah be nice he's happy and excited 🎉
Its a recording from WSF which is going on right now at NYC. Its not one of those usual talks which brian does.
Gutted
I watched an interview with Nobelaureate David Gross. The interviewer asked Gross "what's everything made of?" and handed him the microphone. She settled in for a long answer. His response "two quarks and an electron" and he handed the mic back. This interview had a similar impact on me. James Peebles has a no-nonsense, cut-to-the-heart approach that is very insightful and refreshing. Bravo Brian Greene!
Haha that’s great! I haven’t seen that? Do you remember who interviewed Gross?
In other words, he's saying"two quarks and an electron" produce atoms.
Brian greene is a legend
He is a stupid dicivere idoit that : now nothing no thing ? Why he is not in jail for being this much fraud and dicivere ? A don't get that ! ...
What a beautiful interview. Peebles is fantastic proof that strenuous use of your brain will keep you sharp at every age.
Exactly. You cant excel at something unless you are in love with it.
Thank you for such an amazing talk. James is very inspiring and modest, makes things easy to understand, thanks WSF!
Fabulous. Every word. ty
This reminds me of years ago on Christmas morning, when the kids were trying to work out how Santa got all those toys down the chimney and placed them around the room and them asking how Santa knew just which presents each of them would like. If I'd have told them they just appeared from nothing, they would never have believed me.
Combining enlightening Information with subtle humour, great guests and conveying the content in a understandable way makes this a special channel to me (and so many !) 👏 Thanks a lot from Germany for promoting science in times when facts are so often disregarded 👍
This is one of the best and most inspiring episodes I have seen. Dr. Peebles really enjoys the ideas of not being certain, hence creating an atmosphere of discovery, as well as inspiring new ways of thinking about the universe.
Amazing Talk. James Peebles is fantastic! So clear and simple in the way he speaks and so wiling to say there are things he can't even guess at. One your best guests, Brian.
Q
Two great minds, I liked watching them talk back then in the documentary Beyond the Big bang.
Fabulous 👌 well done brian green, legend
This is one of my favorites ever! What an excellent interview.
This was a great conversation as always. Loved the way Prof. Peebles discussed his ideas, they really gotta have people like him and Prof. Greene in classrooms.
It’s so great how ticket prices are so reasonable. Thank you!
An incredible conversation with two incredible humans. Thank you.❤
I'm literally reading peeble's Principles of Physical Cosmology right now and this episode showed up in my feed
Mr.Peebles might be the best speaker; in the literal sense, that I've seen on this program.
Wonderful work as always!!!
Thank you for such inspiring talk. 👏🏼
This is a most fantastic conversation ^.^ TY Brian ^.^
Wow, that was a great discussion. Thank you WSF!!!
Thanks ... an absolutely wonderful interview!!
This was flawless. SO interesting. Thank you for putting it together and thank you both for your knowledge that we can gain just a glimpse of, but how satisfying! I love that it ended with questions. I was surprised! I thought we knew why many galaxies form spiral arms... Now my curiosity is piqued.
That was amazing. Thank youvDt. Greene
Thank you so much for this. ❤
I absolutely enjoyed this dialogue. ❤❤❤
The universe doesn't make men like this anymore. The pressure applied by corporations on staff has ended his kind. Very enjoyable discussion with a beautiful human.
😊 beautiful....this is how I live my live, watching better people than myself.
so awesome thanks so much for this
Excellent interview and guest. Complex issues where discussed and presented in a way that was understandable to a non expert. Thank you.
Very exciting to listen to Peebles...
Astoundingly good!
Thank you. So illuminating,
So fascinating.
Really liked this one!
Hurrah! 🌟🎉🌟
Thank you.
Fascinating
I love this channel
Awesome discussion
Brian you really are doing great work with these questions. And very good answers from James as well! Dark matter and Dark energy are "patches". Well said!
Adore you Brian.....you make it fun....❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤.
Brian you are none on all equaitions in time. as I suppsoe the standard model. if standard of time does exist ?
Thanks great discussion. As for why there is nothing at all, it is clear nothing is unstable, it tends to decay to something. That is self evidently true.
WONDERFUL!!!!
The universe is very complex. Sublime. Wow.
Weirdly, every night when i go to sleep, i open any of these physics debates and listen them with my eyes closed, while imagining images that i find relaxing.... And i get Weirdly WONDERFUL Dreams too 😅
You are not alone:) I do exactly the same.
@@sarangjokhio3408 ah, you are man of culture too 😄😄 I dont get why people listen to those stupid "sleep musics, sleep asmr" This channel right here and specially it's physics and cosmos debates are the PERFECT sleep enhancers And one of my favorite to listen while sleeping is the "black hole" debate
Excellent
Great!!!!
Thank you!💚🎵🌈♾
The rainbow is Satanic.
Kudos
"Maybe its inevitable that such brilliant intuition must go along with a certain dislike of authority" :)
i love these gentlemen
Having a smart friend in your discipline to bounce things off of, especially when they have a radically different way of looking at things, can be very productive. As a retired engineer, I too enjoyed my physics classes, such that they were, meaning pretty fundamental. I can certainly see where theoretical physics and creating experiments to test them could be a lot of fun. "... bosses allowed them to keep going". NO KIDDING. So incredibly interesting to get these guys that were in the soup at the time, so to speak, talking about that history. It will be a boon to future students wanting to get the real scoop, including historians. I would think if you calculated the chances of a motor burning and hitting a released package, at least one that was distant at all, would be very low, unless you were still actively maintaining the pointing vector of the booster stage. That is nuts. Talk about frustration. Now if it hit very soon after the separation, that chance increases. Murphy sucks. "Is that a hint?". I know how he feels, getting old sucks. What a superb talk. He tamps it down to the point that non physicists can keep up, easily.
I admire the great maps of the standard galaxy ..that provide us to study further...
Thanks for the wake-up call. We are specials but not so special now ,aren't we 😂😂
On stage a man link of Physics and Cosmology , CMB to dark matter loop of non baryonic mass. Another new link of Super symmetry and repulsive gravity. This discussion is versatile for all levels. Science with pictures.
"You need to discover what we left out of this theory" All of the people who watched this great interview is going to suffer anxiety attacks night after night
Wonderful discussion. Thank you
Good question. What we left out is that we are saying blackholes instead of saying bright spots because everything we see in the space is same color with uncountable of stars including the sun. Ok. Let put into scale which is bigger the unoccupied space or sum up of the stars occupied space. It the like the question of the paper with the dot and you ask a person what do you see. They respond a dot without mentioning the rest of the paper, you holding and whole background behind you. This was a great discussion. I will watch it again for sure. Thank so much our seniors.
What the heck do you mean everything is the same color? Black holes are black in a figurative sense. It is the accretion discs around black holes that are luminous.
@@philipm3173 Are we in one of them or they are just out there?
Great 🎉
Are we able to measure the rate of collapse of star-forming nebulae, and if so, is this rate of collapse consistent with the matter we can see, or is there also unaccounted dark matter coming into play here, as with that in galaxies?
Was this interview part of the festival, or was it the entire festival?
Nice
The best.
May I suggest MOND due to the fractilization of space itself by black holes, and also recursional unconscious, creational dynamics... Thank you for posting, I appreciate your effort in making this video. You are cleaning peoples minds :-) Bodhisattva.
(at 43:52) Tycho Brahe was not 2000 years ago. Look at Brian being polite when Jim blotches that one. It was a good talk. Jim is such a significant figure in the field. Priceless stuff. So is the heads up that there are live shows this month. My intuition tells me G.R. is flawed. I know there's multiple experiments pointing to both Dark Matter and Dark Energy but are any of them independent of General Relativity. If not why isn't this being talked about? I admire Einstein's genius too but gravity is a tough concept. Unless you have actually worked on Gravitational theory it might be hard to grasp how seriously elusive it is. Thanks again Brian
20:40 Gamow's "intuition" is actually the realization of the academic knowledge he received from his teacher. P.S. Almost all peoples have myths about the beginning of the universe, but the first scientist who spoke about the "creation of the world" (literally) is Alexander Friedmann, who, with his solution of Einstein's equations, gave a scientific explanation to this phenomenon. Moreover, without any astronomical observations, he was able in his article (1922) to theoretically estimate the age of the Universe: about 10 billion years. (!) Friedmann's student Gamov also calculated (1948) this value as (1-10)K without astronomical data, that is, before the detection of the relic radiation. (!) P.P.S. "All thoughts that have huge consequences are always simple."(Leo Tolstoy).
Oh you young LEARN LEARN FROM THIS GENIOUS ❤
No one in the comment section expressed amazement how and why light illuminated the dark universe. So, with cyclic universe the same illumination goes on from cycle to cycle. What triggered this? The answer lies in the fact that infinite complexity becomes deterministic, this is where divine design finds water, as life, consciousness, soul and faith etc., are all metaphysical fundamentals.
I just learned that nearly 1% of the static you find in old televisions is from the cosmic microwave background radiation. It used to be an irritant. Now, I am constantly in awe of it as I realize its connection with the Big Bang. It's no longer some random signal from the void. It's home calling out to us.
The ending felt like he's gonna take that 💩 to the grave cause he ain't helping no one steal that nobel 😂 I wouldn't either.
does the background radiation temperature ,2.3k, drop over time? Or will it retain its value
Cosmology would be boring if we already had all those answers discussed at the end there.
It is simple. Prof Neil Turok has a theory that solves numerous issues including but not only Dark Matter. It is the Universe/Antiunivers pair. Prof Turoks theory makes testable predictions.
49:39 "A purely algebraic theory is required to describe reality." (Einstein, January, 1955). Maybe GR was QG… “The geometry of space in general relativity theory turned out to be another field, therefore the geometry of space in GR is almost the same as the gravitational field.” (Smolin). However apparently, the gravitational field is space-time in the Planck system: F(G)/F(e)=Gm(pl)^2/e^2=1/α, that is, gravity~strong interaction*. This assumption follows from the Schwarzschild solution: the gravitational radius (or Schwarzschild radius) is a characteristic radius defined for any physical body with mass: r(G)=2GM/c^2 Consequently: 2E(0)/r(G)=F(pl)=c^4/G=ε(pl)/r(pl): with indicating the mutual quantization of the mass (energy) and space-time: m(0)//m(pl)=r(G)/2r(pl)=n,where n-total number of quanta of the system; the tension vector flux: n=[(1/4π)(Gћc)^-½]gS ( const for all orbits of the system: n=0,1,2,3....). Moreover, the parameter r(0)=r(G)-r(pl)=(2n-1)r(pl), defining the interval of the formation of the system, at n=0, when r=r(G)=0 (for example, the state of the "universe" before the Big Bang) turns out to be a quite definite quantity: r(0)=-r(pl). In the area [(-rpl) - 0 - (+rpl)] there is an implementation of external forces, "distance": (-rpl)+(+rpl)=0 (≠2rpl). On the Kruskal diagram of the hyperbole r=0 corresponds to the true Schwarzschild feature, the features V and VI are not even covered by the global (R, T)- space-time and correspond to the "absolute" vacuum; then the singular areas above and below the hyperbolas r=0 can be formally treated as the energy source (external forces). That is, the frightening "true singularity" is actually a superconducting heterotrophic "window" between the proto-universe (the source) and physical bodies**. P.S. As a fundamental theory, GR has the ability with just one parameter: r(G)/r=k to predict, explain new physical effects, and amend already known ones. Photon frequency shift in gravitational field Δw/w(0)=k; the angle of deflection of a photon from a rectilinear propagation path =2k, the Newtonian orbit of the planet shifts forward in its plane: during one revolution, a certain point of the orbit is shifted by an angle =3πk, for a circular orbit (eccentricity е=0); in the case of an elliptical orbit - for example, for perihelion displacement, the last expression must be divided by (1-e^2). ------------------- *) - GR predicts a new physical effect: w/w(pl)=k; expression for gravitational radiation from a test body. This is amenable to physical examination in laboratory conditions at present. **) - From this, generally, from Einstein's equations, where the constant c^4/G=F(pl), one can obtain a quantum expression (as vibration field) for the gravitational potential: ф(G)=(-1/2)[Għ/с]^½ (w)=-[h/4πm(pl)]w. Final formula:ф(G)=-[w/w(pl)]c^2/2, where ф(G) - is Newtonian gravitational potential, r(n')=nλ/π=(n+n')2r(pl)l , the corresponding orbital radius, w - the frequency of the quanta of the gravitational field (space-time); - obviously, the quanta of the field are themselves quantized: λ=(1+n'/n)λ(pl) = 2πc/w, where n'/n - system gravity unpacking ratio, n'- the orbit number (n'=0,1,2,3…). Obviously, on the horizon [r=r(rG), n'=0] the "door" is closed, however, the quanta [λ=λ(pl)] can go out singly through the "keyhole" and form the first and all subsequent orbits (n'=1,2, 3 ...) during the time t(0)=r/c=2nт, where т=1/w, т=((1+n'/n)т(pl), spending part of their energy on it each time. And it is this mechanism that provides the step-by-step formation of the gravitational field ( expansion of the space-time): of course, the quanta coming through the "window" are also rhythmically restored. The phase velocity of evolution v' = r(pl)w: m(0)=(c/G)rv', where v'=v^2/c. The angular momentum: L(p)=|pr|=n^2ћ [const for all orbits of the system; at n=1: L(p)=ћ] and moment of power: M(F)=dL(p)/dt(0)=nћw/2=-E(G),where t(0)=r/c. Entropy (here: a measure of diversity/variety, not ugliness/disorder) of the system: S=πε(pl)r(t)=(n+n')k, where k is the Boltzmann constant. Obviously, with fundamental irreversibility, information is preserved (+ evolves): n=const for all orbits of the system. Accordingly, m=m(pl)/(1+n'/n), where m=ħw/c^2, is the quantum of the full mass: M=n'm [
Wow! Fantastic conversation and extremely exciting for young physicists.
❤
❤🙏❤🙏❤
If you think about it, the cosmos started as one lone graviton that divided exponentially! 🤔
@32:15 Dark Matter is prone to Gravity (effecting it)?
Please capturing dark matter on video wave light and dark Brian please one chance
i think i have physics intuition but not passion , so im just not sure how i best learn. maybe non baryonic matter just needs to be closer together to exhibit more energy, and baryonic gravitation pulled it apart enough (by forces and gravity) to be cold now even if it wasn't cold in the past..? maybe when there's less baryonic matter pulling it apart, whatever dark energy "is" simply can't stay hot enough for our instruments to detect..? that's why some ppl believe the dark stuff has physical properties beyond just "leftovers from the big bang", while others think it could interact vary differently (with itself) depending on some unification (of forces) in the past that kept it together but has now spread out and formed massive webs of baryonic matter amidst a cold foam?
Anything foundational has to be dimensionless for dimensionality to exist. Because it must equal cancel itself for a quantity to compute.
Photon *
.....Tycho Brahe lived between1546-1601....
Please capturing dark matter and light waves lateral please one chance to prove on video
Novel Dark Matter Hypothesis Dark Matter is simply unaccounted for gravity. GR states that gravity is the consequence of the curvature of spacetime. Is it possible that the structure of spacetime itself could be warped without the presence of matter? Spacetime has been shown to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating independently of mass, and all have been proven with observations from gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and now gravitational waves! Fabrics can also be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of causing a deformation and losing its elastic nature. All of these conditions were extreme during inflation, so it is plausible that the “fabric” of spacetime analog could extend having its elastic property have hit a yield point leaving pockets of inelastic spacetime geodesic that cause gravity without the presence of matter? Therefore, if gravity is strictly the consequence of the warped of spacetime, and fabrics can be permanently overstretched, then those empty warped geodesics would create gravitational wells independent of mass. My hypothesis of DM is subatomic black hole imprints of the quantum fluctuations that popped in at the moment of inflation. The CMB shows where the hot dense regions were they created the galaxies. They would have been the initial cause and location of the warping. These imprints would be clouds of quantum sized floating fixed geodesics, so they couldn’t expand or evaporate. Perhaps nothing has been detected because there is nothing to detect. GR wouldn’t require modification because DM would just be an extension of how spacetime behaves at extreme conditions. No MOND, no WIMPs, and no parallel universes, just empty spacetime deformations that produce gravitational wells to help jump start galaxy accretion processes. Zwicky may have named is Missing Mass correctly since he detected some gravity without mass present to cause it…
After the slit experiment both particles behave differently.. how does relativity apply here.. In Quantum I think it's a difference.. I may be wrong .. but just wondering
2:20: 🔭 The cosmos is mostly dark matter and dark energy, which cannot be seen but have been deduced by their effects on the visible universe. 8:12: 🔬 The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and its implications. 14:19: 🔬 Bob Dickey's suggestion led to the discovery of microwave background radiation, but he was not recognized for it with the Nobel Prize. 21:21: 🌌 The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation and its implications for understanding the early universe. 27:28: 🌌 The expansion of the universe and the distribution of galaxies can be reliably measured and agrees with the anisotropies in the microwave background radiation. 33:19: ✨ The speaker discusses the oscillation of radiation and the resonance in the universe, highlighting the importance of testing theories and the discovery of the expansion rate of the universe. 39:36: 🔬 Dark matter and dark energy are currently seen as temporary fixes in our understanding of the universe, and there is hope for a more realistic model in the future. 45:20: 🌌 The speaker discusses anomalies in the standard theory of the universe, including the Hubble tension, and hopes to find evidence for a new theory. They also talk about the controversy surrounding inflationary cosmology and the possibility of other universes. 50:54: 🌌 There are upcoming missions in physics to discover more about the universe, but there are also unanswered questions and puzzles that need to be explored. 56:21: 🌌 The mysteries of galaxies and black holes. Recap by Tammy AI
The moment a particle is a wave; it has to be a conscious wave! Gravity is the conscious attraction among waves to create the illusion of particles, and our experience-able Universe. Max Planck states: "Consciousness is fundamental and matter is derived from Consciousness". Life is the Infinite Consciousness, experiencing the Infinite Possibilities, Infinitely. We are "It", experiencing our infinite possibilities in our finite moment. Our job is to make it interesting!
Cosmic Microwave background cannot be presently Standing in one piece against an Expanding Universe. Even more qualified is this Universal Law, the Stronger Energy Flow overrides the Weaker Energy Flow at all times, which certainly would've destroy that Cosmetic Microwave background.
You guys need to do an *experiment.*
Could larger galaxies in the past indicate a more linear non-inflationary universe?
Thank you
What is he speed of darkness?
big lad
very confused about this CMB. A form of light emitted at the beginning of the universe, and stops shortly thereafter... if the big bang is true, and was a singularity, then the CMB light was emitted eons ago from that singular point, and zoomed away from the singularity at the speed of light, then matter appeared. Now, I know when I turn off my flashlight, the beam doesn't just vanish, it's just not being emitted anymore - the beam continues basically forever. just like the light that created the CMB...yet, somehow...you can detect it? ChatGPT tells me it "permeates" space, but if that's true....then...the CMB can't be light...for light doesn't just stop in its tracks. so how in the devil are you all able to detect it well after it's been emitted? is the CMB truly a form of light?? input - more input! :)