First View of this Pyramid Construction Technique
Casing stones are largely missing from large pyramids of the Old Kingdom, but a few precious sections remain intact.
At the highest courses of the second-largest pyramid of Egypt (Khafre), the casing stones remain in-place and well preserved.
However, because these stones remain inaccessible and out of sight, nobody has ever taken a survey of their layout.
This video maps the arrangement of these casing stones for the very first time, revealing new insights into how large pyramids were originally constructed.
It’s time for Egypt to fully document every casing stone so that this critical piece of history can be fully understood.
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World Scan Project Photogrammetry:
• 世界初 Egypt Giza Pyramid...
0:00 Intro
1:08 Khafre's Pyramid damage
2:23 Pyramid summit close-ups
4:01 Mapping casing stones
5:36 Tall pyramid courses
6:20 Missing top
7:20 West face diagram
8:17 Corner stones
9:37 South face diagram
11:06 North face diagram
12:40 Tapered small blocks
14:12 South face construction clues
15:24 East face diagram
16:03 Finishing the job
Are you joining me in Egypt, September 13 - 24 2023? Come investigate pyramids with me and Ancient Architects in a tour like no other - real discoveries will be made. Details here: kzhead.infoUgkxhaA-IzW1SCzgsALl5FeAxtuCuTlUmt2G
Try to get in touch with (Brian foerster) maybe?🤔😅 He has bin allowed access to some very interesting places around the Giza Plateau.🤟
@@tezzah2222 Please don't spam feeds like this. And your friend is out there. I'm not a fan of conspiracy theory sudo-Egyptology. Making videos full of "electromagnetic levitation" and 'Ancient Aliens' level of nonsense and jumping to woo woo conclusions.
I can gives it a try to Photoscan the pyramid. Is there a Link to the full drone footage?
@tezzah2222 dude shut the hell up, nobody cares about what you are spamming about.
If it was not for the responsibilities of family and work I would join you in heartbeat. I look forward to detailed reports.
As someone with masonry skill, may I suggest a way of telling how to lay out each coarse of bricks. Chose a brick building that’s multiple levels high. As you’re laying out each course, watch for changes in the design of the building. Such as doors, windows, vents, etc. Many times you must cut a brick to fit a precise angle to finish that course where the window will be placed. Back when the pyramids were being built, the same principle was used as you pointed out in the one course with the filler stone was still in place. In some places extra long stones were used like a lintel above a door or window in modern masonry, that could have been used to redistribute the weight inside. And don’t forget the Keystone, the top stone in an arched window or doorway. Don’t know if this information helps but but at 80 years old, I like to pass on my knowledge to the younger generations.
Course not coarse lol
This is true, 11 years of brick work for me.
@@masocre Thank you for the correction, my spell check didn’t catch it, so I changed it to the correct spelling.
Thanks for the info. Don't worry about the extra spell Checkers and grammar correctors, they don't know what a callus feels like. I like to call those that just correct spelling and grammar, blisters- a blister is a sore irritation that shows up under the skin after the work is done.
I have about 20 years of structural experience starting in air force as a r.e.d.h.o.r.s.e (google it) and got into masonry and concrete and metals and it's been a long rabbit hole of learning... Long story short I cannot wrap my head around how they would even be able to begin to layout the layout of the project let alone begin building.
Honestly, this is a great channel. History of any kind is always interesting to me, but I never knew how interested in Egypt I was until I found this channel. Thanks for your hard work!
Agreed.
It’s the best channel!!
Being out front on thing not known, admitting to mistakes and correcting them, gives me a lot of confidence in what I am listening to. Thanks
what does it taste like?
I've been interested in ancient Egypt since I was a kid 35 years ago. So much is known and unknown. I specifically like that he isn't afraid to challenge the accepted views of egyptologists without speculating that it must've been aliens or Atlantis.
As an Egyptian, I am grateful to people like you who want to help humanity reconstruct its history. Great work , thank you
Thank you for your kind words!
How do you feel about Black Cleopatra?
Last year you were a ViKang lol This year your Egyptian because of your new tattoo? -COMANCHE NATION
Egyptians or any religious group cannot prove they built these star signals
@@tmf7563 it’s horseshit. She was Greek.
I was a stone mason for 15 years. The first thing that I noticed from my experience is that it looks like there were different contractors/supervisors or different masons on each side or especially 1 of the sides. The side with the smaller stones would have been layed first or last from my experience. The smaller stones would have been at the end of the pile and running out of stones so the used smaller ones to finish the project. Or, they had 4 crews of men, one on each side with 2 supervisors watching 2 sides each. The masonry stone work just looks to different. My last assumption would be that the first hired mason was fired at some point or died, and then another mason took over and that is why there is a difference in the pattern. Every mason or contractor has a style that they think is best. Hope this helps.
The stones aren't uniform on any side. They're made to fit. The small stone are not actually small, but turned inward to grab the supporting structure along the hips.
Now if many stone masons were originally brought in to answer the puzzle of the pyramids construction this question might have been solved by now.
I agree, I was a stone Mason for 25 years
lookup great pyramid worker gang graffiti, there were at least 4 different groups
possibly, but dont forget different thermal characteristics, the north wont get the warm up from the sun , esp if building the south side in full on sun heat (unlikely though working on the north you get the sun in your eyes. Would West be done in the morning and east in the afternoon, with south in the evening or can you get round a full perimiter fairly quickly ?
I can say with confidence this is by FAR the best observation and explanation on any pyramid ever! Well done sir!! The amount that I learned just from reading in between the lines was amazing not to mention what was actually said. Thank you!!
Incel
shows liars like zahi hawas for what they truly are ......... liars , protecting money /......... so sad
Yep. Totally agree
I love the fact that you did not hide any of your findings to keep other people from discovering something first that really says something about your character thank you
Pyramids were made by ancient Ukrainians even before the Egyptians.... Ukrainian civilization is more than 300 thousand years old
@@shikaka9032 Please no trolling ahole
@@shikaka9032 where can I find more information supporting this remarkable statement?
@@shikaka9032 You've heard of "Don't drink and drive." right? Well, "Don't smoke crack and post."
@@shikaka9032 Um Ukrainians are European. Europeans have only been around for a little over 2000 years. Caucasians were created from swine to mine gold and minerals for my ancestors -COMANCHE NATION
Commenting from the viewpoint of an engineer - I love your approach! See and measure what's actually there, compare that to other known data, understand as best you can the missing data and possible errors, and then reach an informed conclusion. Bravo!
And all without mentioning aliens 😉🤣
@@iRossco Well, we all know that any missing data can be supplied by the aliens, so there was no real need to mention them. 😉
Thrilling to see all this in such detail, many thanks - the up-close views you show of this ancient work are equally spectacular and fascinating, as though the original builders are still present in important and immediate ways. I compliment you on your vision and determination, they are really inspiring.
»In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe. He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not. He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me. And of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace. For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou? And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ. And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No. Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself? He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias. And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet? John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose. These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God. Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God! And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou? He saith unto them, Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour. One of the two which heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ. And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone. The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me. Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see. Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel. Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these. And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man. And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there: And both Jesus was called, and his disciples, to the marriage. And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine. Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet come. His mother saith unto the servants, Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it. And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it. When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now. This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested forth his glory; and his disciples believed on him. After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and his brethren, and his disciples: and they continued there not many days. And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem, And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: And when he had made a scourge of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen; and poured out the changers' money, and overthrew the tables; And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence; make not my Father's house an house of merchandise. And his disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up. Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up. Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? But he spake of the temple of his body. When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said. Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, in the feast day, many believed in his name, when they saw the miracles which he did. But Jesus did not commit himself unto them, because he knew all men, And needed not that any should testify of man: for he knew what was in man.« (Gospel - John - Chapter 1...)
I am very happy that ancient architects send me to this channel. The analysis are very neutral and gives a broader view of hypothesis. Awesome channel!
This is groundbreaking work. It amazes me that this is the first real mapping to have been done and it reveals so much. It makes me wonder what academic Egyptologists are doing with their time, speculating and arguing. A really amazing piece of work, thank you History for Granite
They are still thinking the smooth case stones were made by wielding those round rocks and bronze chisels. It is a waste of time if they don't even face the obvious facts.
@@Thephilpw99 It amazes me that so many people think Granite is somehow unable to be worked with ancient tools... You know what material is harder than Granite? Sand... Of which I believe the ancient Egyptians had plenty of... They still carve hemispherical stone bowls for tourists out of granite using sand and a rotating hand tool. This idea that ancient peoples were not able to make their monolithic structures without some outside help is deeply rooted in racism. Check your sources.
@@SmilingBandit77 yep. It's a slap in the face to ancient Egyptians who were master craftsman. Generations of masons spending their whole lives shaping rock. I'm sure a lot of people dedicated their entire life to one project back then.
@@SmilingBandit77 Oh, so now you have a new theory about how Egyptians cut and make those granite statues? Sand is the answer ?! Wonderful ! Why don't you submit this to those famous Egyptologists and let them verify it? Since your theory has scientific credentials and they have to accept it, right ? Too bad I don't see them accepting this theory either.
@@wormhole331 Oh, really ? So when we see a narrow cut deep into the granite then someone spent his entire life just made that narrow cut in the wrong way ?
Creativity, attention to detail, careful epistemological thought, and articulate and transparent communication of your evidence! You've done a classical scientific work. It's very inspiring, and a reminder of what is possible with lots of commitment and few resources. Thank you.
The sheer amount of labor that went into these monuments is staggering. Interesting analysis, thank you.
And isnt it incredible to know how long that labor's product has lasted. Truly not in vain.
I've watched every single video of yours on this channel and they've all been amazing, but this one may be the most important. This is an essentially untouched area of research that provides an absolute wealth of new information. I don't think I'm exaggerating when I say that decoding the patterns in the casing stones may be the most realistic way of determining how exactly the pyramids were built. Astonishing.
The casing stones were put on *last* though. How would that explain how the structure was built? That's like saying if you could figure out how I put siding on a house you'd know how I built it. What am I missing?
@@joeblow8982 The casing stones are the same process in reverse with much more finely crafted stones but as illustrated here clearly- not as exact as is generally perceived.
Most of the original casingstones are to be located in Cairo as bottom layers in a rebuild after a large earthquake in the 1500's I understand . The original purpose of the pyramids , was lost to those who inhabit Egypt , as all of the megalithic stone work was completed by a previous civilisation , which is now lost in the sands of time , mislabeled by modern archeologists , who cannot yet explain much of what they see , and how it was made .
@@davidarundel6187 YEA, people don't construct mega projects just for a fashion statement, as you said the (original purpose) is lost to us.
@@davidarundel6187 Totally agree with this statement. I don’t think we will ever know the mechanics of how they were constructed but surely pulleys and scaffolding doesn’t explain the magnificent structures in Egypt and around the world.
Another excellent video from this great channel. Viewers may not realize how rare it is for someone to endure the punishingly meticulous observation & documentation that's required to make such discoveries.
So great to finally see someone pay attention to this stunning Pyramid. As you say, the Great Pyramid often seems to overshadow this fantastic monument which in my opinion is well worth the extra scrutiny
I am so excited to see these closeup views of the casing stones on Khafre's pyramid. Like many who are interested in the pyramids, I have often wondered about their placement and current condition. It is exciting to be "on the ground floor" of your investigations of these much neglected areas of pyramid studies. Your analyses and interpretations and your overall presentations are such a joy and privilege to view and listen to. Another fabulous video. Look forward to many more. Thank you.
Don't understand why you still call it khafre,s pyramid total bs as well nobody knows how its build and never will what a joke you can put a sugar layer over your findings and close up view its just a theory and that's all it will
If this truly the first time an academic study has been made of these casing stones, then this is truly groundbreaking work!
Your dedication to the pursuit of understanding the pyramids is amazing. Applying the use of drones must surely have been a boost to your commitment to solve the puzzle. Great work!
Pyramids were made by ancient Ukrainians even before the Egyptians.... Ukrainian civilization is more than 300 thousand years old
This is outstanding work! It would be lovely to get this published in a journal. It's a serious contribution.
I’ve seen ALL your videos. This so far was the best ! Thanks 🙏 . Im looking forward for updates
I never cared about Egypt or history until I started watching your channel, toldinstone and miniminuteman. For what it’s worth you guys have changed my life. Keep up the great work, cheers from Croatia.
Excellent video footage The first stones laid on a Pyramid build are the 8 corner stones, 2 on each square base corner to keep the angle of shape. The outer caseing stones where placed first on every level up.
Hi builder here and I totally agree. Besides lining up corners flush with the lower course corners with straight edges of sorts.? And then filling the middle, controlling a twist as you lay more would be super difficult. If you were up there and eyeing the last say ten courses and they weren’t straight, there would be stuff all you could correct it with.
Lots of work and ingenious thought here. I appreciate your efforts in getting this project started and carrying it so far along.
I wasn’t too sure about this video when I selected it, but I am quite impressed with your scientific methodology and the way you actively seek other people to add to - or correct - your findings! This is what science should be about!
Those big gaps at the top are probably for wooden scaffolding to fit the tip. They did the same when building castles and other big stone buildings
Interesting. Makes sense.
that's what I think! Didn't see this till after I posted😊
If so why are there only one "gap" per course ? Doesn't it take two "gaps/posts" to hold a plank? Also there is no alignment to each gap other that makes sense.
The Romans also did this. But I'm wondering a variant. There's not enough to be a scaffolding so the holes are more likely to be single projecting wooden beams. If they extend securely into the Pyramid (big IF!) they could have served some other purpose for getting the last few stones courses up above the top of any ramp (particularly interesting if you support the internal ramp theory). Either supports for some kind of pulley system or holding a light wooden ramp - if these could be structurally sound enough to hold the weight of stone blocks (!!!!). Or these beams could have helped bond the ramp to the stone structure to make it more stable. Perhaps they even filled most the holes with the smaller angles stones as they dismantled the ramp but left a few up the top where they couldn't be seen. If they had an internal ramp getting them, say, 2/3 of the way up then built up the top 1/3 with a smaller ramp - getting the outer casing on is going to be one of the trickier tasks and these could be a hint of how they did it. Alternatively - if you're right on the building order, and if the stones are inserted from the top course by course not from the outside later - could the angle have been used with the high vertical weight of the next course to, like a wedge, push the other stones horizontally to shrink any minor gaps between stones.
That's an interesting idea. You don't really need to leave gaps, though. You could achieve the same with small stones that are tapered inwards. You'd slot them into their holes once you removed the scaffolding and dress their surface to be flush with how far they slide in. @@28704joe The gaps don't necessarily need to be in the same course. After all, you'd want some method to ramp up the pyramid, which wooden scaffolding could do. In which case those planks might very well have been slightly sloped. What I would very much expect to see if this was true is vertically stacked gaps (at a vertical distance of 1.5 to 4 meters), in order to be able to cantilever the support beams. Supporting a cantilevered beam from only a hole at the bottom contact point would be possible, but it would leave the beam at the top free to tilt/slide side to side.
@01:48 I remember looking at reinforcement stones a couple of years ago and didn't understand them as a part of the original construction. Now that you mentioned they were part of a modern day preservation technique, it makes good common sense. THANKS THIS IS A VERY GOOD VIDEO!!! 😊
I wish they'd have painted such things pink or blue or red or something. There's quite a few repairs all over the place and I'd find nice to know what exactly I was looking at. Yeah it would mess with the look but so be it.
@@AveragePicker That is why they are turned 90 degrees. All the other stones are placed horizontally, so they placed all the new repair vertically. So that people who know off the work done, can easy see what is old, but at the same time, you do not have xxxxxx angry tourists yelling at them for destroying history with ugly paint blots around.
@eilertv Those might be turned but I was meaning in general. There's quite a few places you wouldn't know...which I know is partly the point...unless you were told. I personally like to know, this is what it was, but this part is "recreated" or repaired.
To me, what YOU are doing is what appears to be the logical step that should've been taken a long time ago. I don't know the ENTIRE story of if anybody has ever done this before, but you appear to be the first person doing this sort of thing, so I commend YOU for putting in this work where again it seems like such the natural route to have taken this. I like how your mind works & I think you bring a much-needed level of attention to the story of Egypt & I look forward to your future videos. Thanks for your work in this subject & thank you for sharing it with us all INSTEAD of burying it in a book or hoarding it for yourself or for ONLY financial gain etc.
With your work I can easily see that there could've been long wooden planks set up in a way that allows for a logical progression upwards on all sides of the pyramid. If you could picture the lower red stones WITHOUT the upper stones there during building, you can picture them having people in place on wooden planks & passing blocks to one another in a person to person chain where they can have a simple scaffolding-like wooden plank system in place using the holes in the stones to run the wooden platform holders from falling down the pyramid. The wood would be shaped to fit the hole totally, giving HIGH stability to use that hole as a "peg" to use to attach the wooden planks to as you build. Then when they got to the top, they could work backwards BACK down the Pyramid, filling in those stones holes, sealing them off from the naked eye & covering up the ENTIRE simple wooden scaffolding-type platform that they used. The smaller stones would make the job way EASIER to close off & you simply dismantle it on your way down & boom you're done! You're imo ABSOLUTELY correct about this.
I think the idea they used wood scaffolding is very plausible, some sturdy timbers inserted under a few courses of pyramid core would be plenty strong enough to be used for hauling the casing stones up. I've seen other theories that they'd just throw ropes over the top of the pyramid to pull the casing stones up but it seems it would still be necessary to have timber affixed to the side of the pyramid to protect the already finished casing stones. Certainly more plausible than the sand ramps that seem to be generally accepted.
I think the idea they used wood scaffolding is very plausible, some sturdy timbers inserted under a few courses of pyramid core would be plenty strong enough to be used for hauling the casing stones up. I've seen other theories that they'd just throw ropes over the top of the pyramid to pull the casing stones up but it seems it would still be necessary to have timber affixed to the side of the pyramid to protect the already finished casing stones. Certainly more plausible than the sand ramps that seem to be generally accepted.
@@netyr4554 In other videos I've seen where they used timbers to hold up 3 multi-ton stone blocks that were the final stones dropped to seal off the entrance of a pyramid. So on their way out they potentially cut ropes which dropped the gigantic stones held up by the timbers. They've found those timbers still in place on the outskirts of where the sealing stones came through the middle of. Another guy jumped on my case with my theory saying the numbers don't add up to hold the weight of the stones but I think he's the one who's wrong here. You can build really strong structures around the timbers running out of those slanted holes. I'm talking about big ass timbers shaped to fit those holes PERFECTLY that stick out from those holes from which they attach other planks etc to build upwards to shore up & strengthen the ENTIRE structure of the scaffolding-like builds as you move upwards in your progress. I'm convinced this is pretty much how they did it after seeing this video. It makes perfect sense to me why those smaller holes are there & explains how they could've gotten up & back down the Pyramid & erased their steps. Another guy said "Why wouldn't we have found evidence of this?" Lol. Wood DOESN'T last the test of time that well & it would've been dismantled after the Pyramid was built so for the complete life of the Pyramid ZERO of those wooden timbers would've been around. They probably recycled them as well being able to reshape many of them into other constructing projects etc.
Wow nice idea! You have officially added some really interesting new information on how they made the pyramids. Also at 8:56 What stands out to me is that every course has both a long and short end of corner block on each face. Having thought about it for a minute or two this makes perfect structural sense, but that also means that they really did plan out these monuments meticulously beforehand. I continue to be more and more amazed by the people who designed and built these structures, and you're ensuring nobody takes them for granite 🙂
Boo-urns!
wonder if they had lego (and wonder if lego do pyramids !)
You are making a huge service to real scientific Egyptology and Archeology. Thank you for sharing this info with us!
Your topics get more and more interesting! Looking forward to the additional analyses in the future.
One of my favorite rabbit holes! Thanks, great amazing work! If we all waited for perfection, nothing would have ever gotten done.
Fantastic video. Thank you for taking the time to perform this analysis. It definitely sheds light on some of this grand mystery.
Breathtaking! I did not think I could still be amazed by these constructions, but your close-up analysis is thrilling. Thanks for your work.
This is great , a perfect Sunday afternoon with a little history for granite knowledge. Thanks man much appreciated,
This was really an incredible and detailed look. It gave a good look into the craftsmanship that made structure. It also shows that there was problem solving, and with every layer. This kind of displays a human-ish approach.
Astounding work! Your attention to detail opened a whole new vision of our ancient world! Thank you!
probably hawass does'nt know the info in this clip
What a remarkable study of the casing stones. This is truly groundbreaking work. Looking forward to Egypt tour this September.
Bloody Legend! This has gotta be one of the best channels on KZhead. Thankyou for your continued efforts into a true, open and visible discussion on how TF these wonders were made.
This is the first time that I get to see the top of this pyramid! It shows the view from the dron in an incredible clarity, thank you! The technology is helping us to discover many secrets that only a few years ago look impossible
This is a more analytical look at the construction of the Pyramids and what you have discovered is very interesting and I think important. The only way to better understand ancient Egyptian construction is by studying the constructions themselves and you have done this extensively. Great work and very appreciated as it sheds so much light on how a civilisation from 4 or 5 thousand years ago was able to construct such massive buildings that are still standing today.
I love this channel... just got back from my first Egypt tour, it was marvellous
I am not a bricklayer but I come from many generations of bricklayers. When I saw the narrow stones, I thought of "dead men" or "sleepers". These are bricks or stones that protrude inward and add bonding to the inner structure. If you look at pre WWII brickwork, you will see periodic half bricks in the pattern. These are normal bricks turned 90 degrees. A "full masonry" wall a decorative outer face and a structural inner face made with cheaper bricks. The sleepers tie these two walls together.
I think it will be a bricklayer to be the one to fully decode the casing stones.
Great clue, Rick. I've seen these "half-bricks" in old buildings and always wondered why they were there.
@@HistoryforGRANITE right
Literally some of the best content on KZhead! Well presented, fact-based, unbiased observation, and super interesting
With the odd, well deserved dig at those who've held back the progress😂👌
Amazing work! So much great info and I love the diagrams as evidence. Definitely do the Bent pyramid next if you haven’t if those casing stones are in good shape. Can’t wait for more!
THE BEST ONE SHOW OF THE INTIMACY CONSTRUCTION TECNIQUES OF THE PYRAMIDS I' VE SEEN TILL NOW !!!. .. THANKS AND CONGRATULATIONS FOR YOU JOB !!!
Fascinating! This is by far the best channel covering the monuments of ancient Egypt. I wait with great expectation for each new video. Thank you for the hard and amazing work!
Wow, once you see courses 46 & 47, you can't un-see them. Amazing work!
This video is the first step to understand the second pyramid, thanks for being so brave to do so, a lot of analysis is done on the Great pyramid, still the second pyramid are somehow ignored. I understand the effort and long working hours behind this video, all your effort is appreciated
Great work! I love all the mystery surrounding the pyramids and the secrets this one holds. I have never seen your videos before but you have earned a sub for this because I want to see more
The first study of something will always have mistakes, misconceptions and missing information... but it's on that imperfect foundation that rock solid theories get built and fill the gaps. This is historic work for sure. You are showing that a "People's Archaeologist" is possible in this modern age and it's amazing... I have spent a lifetime fascinated by things like this but until seeing someone like you it never fully entered into my head that I, a person totally disconnected from academia due to my class background and mental health, could actually make real contributions to the understanding of history. Also imagining a world where, based on positive contributions like this, we suddenly have important information and documentation once kept hidden in ivory towers or behind paywalls shared with the masses for the scrutiny and enlightenment of all, feels more possible. I'm not sure it works with the models current academia and governments are working with at this point, where data is hoarded like wealth, but just like art, music, and literature have had to adapt to modern and more democratized systems slowly, so too can history and archaeology.
I strongly believe everyone has the potential to contribute if they have access to data and imagery.
I have learned more about history from this channel than the numerous years of formal education. My history teachers taught in a way to put me into a deep coma. THANK YOU SIR FOR YOUR BEAUTIFUL INFORMATIVE VIDEOS. I share them with everyone I know.
Your channel brings me a lot of joy, thank you for dedicating so much time, effort, and passion into your videos
I have been at Giza, Luxor, the valley of the kings among other places, some 20 years ago. - But I have learned much more watching your channel. Extremely interesting. Your scientific approach is very appealing. - Thank you and keep up the good work. Greetings from Sweden.
I am really delighted that you are so invested in these details. It has been tremendously fun to think about. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you for starting this work! Amazing!!
Very well done! I have been binge watching every one of your videos. I’m fascinated about ancient engineering feats in Egypt. And even though I might not ever make it there to see them in person, you my friend are a great gift for everyone to learn about them! Thanks From Michigan
Well done!! Fantastic work! I need to take some screenshots of your image now and take a closer look! 👏
please find the inner ramp! you're so close.
This episode is so illuminating. Nicely done!
You're true warrior of scientific method! Clearly mapping unsure parts is important and goes totally opposite to the methods used by way too many Egyptologists which hurry to declare guesses as facts.
This is without doubt the most fascinating channel on ancient Egypt. I am astounded by your attention to detail resulting in your extremely accurate observation of stones which reveal to you the probable placement of others. I thank you for your work and the articulate manner in which it's presented. I'm sure the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities would be well served by a person of your impressive observational skills, but of course that would not serve their cause that all knowledge on the subject lies within!
AWESOME. Noting the small angled casing stones is fantastic. This affirms that stones were cut and placed (not poured, or they could avoid angled ones), and that the casing was installed bottom to top (not with a final vertical pass down each centerline as suggested by other YT creators). If you measure the pixel width of each block from your sketches and put those values in a histogram, I wonder if you would uncover any high percentage of "standard" building blocks. Thanks!
Sadly my angles are not perfectly straight, and so the absolute value for sizes is off. The diagram is accurate for stones in relation to each other, but not precise enough to compare stones far apart.
There are mathematical geometric algorithms which can resolve fractions of a pixel and provide xyz location coordinates from a single flyby video. I dont know how much drone footage exists and what the camera native resolution was, but the existing flyby might be enough to resolve everything to 1 inch. One pyramid inch, of course! 😅 The mathematics are super complicated and iterative in nature, meaning it might take a week of processing on a modern PC to derive the points.
Our local stone quarries here in Ohio have natural layers or seams that make it easy to make stones of similar thicknesses. All the stones in a layer is nearly the same thickness while the next is slightly different. Could this be an explanation for why the layers in the pyramid differ in thickness?
This is absolutely the case for The Great Pyramid. I saw an analysis once where the height of each course was mapped. They are all different because they were excavated from the quarry along bedding planes (the "natural layers or seams" you talk about). These bedding planes, with occasionally taller courses, are visible in the quarries. This saves a ton of work! Also the stones in the middle of the face are chosen to be slightly smaller than the ones on the edge, so that the pyramid is curved slightly upward from the centre to the corners like a dish. If I remember right, I saw this in "The Riddle Of The Pyramids" by Kurt Mendelssohn.
Makes perfect sense. Liquids naturally level off and form flat surfaces. Since the stone was in a liquid state before it chemically changed into a solid. One layer at a time with the annual flooding and silt deposits. Watershed areas have flood intervals that vary over time and occasionally there is a really big flood every 200 years or so. So the layers of stone are essentially just like tree rings recording a history of the rainfall in the watershed zone. Makes it all the more impressive how they customized the granite blocks on all faces. Those aren't natural fault lines. The precision in multi-axis three dimensional space is screaming milling machine. At the very least a template and complex jig. The pyramids are interesting, the surveying work is beyond the structural challenge. The precision demonstrated over very large distances indicate a very distant sighting target with fine optical precision. The alignment of monuments around the world is a whole other challenge above map projection. Rocket science level of engineering knowledge. What about the meter being a consistent measurement and based on the actual diameter of the earth? How did they measure the earth? These buildings are just the clue. The tip of the information iceberg full of knowledge. They even reflected the stars on purpose to mark a specific point in time. It's something they put all this effort into for a reason. The stone carving was just to preserve that much more important knowledge. Why would they do this? Because that information is fundamentally important for our survival. It's not supposed to be a joy to discover. It's a warning and an effort to preserve what was lost and prevent that type of loss from happening again.
Wow thank you for that info, I never really knew that’s how quarries work, but it makes total sense and I see how that would be the obvious reason why stone layers could have been different thicknesses when there was no structural need for them to be.
@@brendanwood1540 The limestone would have been made in an ancient sea, not by flooding, and by ancient we are talking millions of years.
How did they get the stone from. Ohio? :)
Thank you for the birds eye view of the pyramid tops. wow wonderful work and new information from you. I am fascinated that the pyramids had to be built from the outside as well as the entire inside simultaneously. the outer walls installed and the fill on the inside and the chambers all had to be engineered to be completed simultaneously. Its the only way it could have been done. You are an original and I appreciate this unique and educational video. thank you.
Brilliant presentation. Very well explained and the graphics were very easy to understand. Thank you!
This footage is amazing! It really does offer so much for investigation. I've not seem many of your videos, but your presentations and theories are always impressive. I've paused the video so many times that I'm less than five minutes in and have been watching for over half an hour. Thanks for sharing your ideas and creating these high quality videos
Outstanding work! Yet another triumphant video that brings something genuinely new to Egyptology. Your work is consistently excellent and I very much look forward to your each and every release. Thank you for sharing your insights, they are very much appreciated.
Probably your best podcast yet - seriously, you are putting these so called professional archaeologists to shame!
Great video! And all of your findings are open --tip of the hat to you, sir!
Brilliant! Thank you so much for this effort, History for GRANITE! I cannot wait to see more of this going forward.
As someone trained in the Study of History, your work here is impressive.
Your videos are addicting. You have ignited a hunger for knowledge i didnt think i had.
This is your best video yet. I've watched them all. Thank you for your research. I hope someone from the Egyptian Antiquites Committee sees your work and you get to do the research.
This guys on the next level! Absolutely extraordinary work! If only the world was more interested in solving these wonderful structures! Whoever built them and carved all those incredible symmetric statues clearly had better technology or techniques than modern man. Look at the sheer size and how precise Absolutely mind blowing!
Nah, we can build 'em way better now than they could even dream of. I mean, there's even a Bass Pro Shop in a pyramid bigger than this one. Any competent modern engineer could design and figure out how to build a proper stone pyramid. We know hundreds of ways to do it. The thing we don't know is exactly which way they actually did it out of the many possibilities.
Amazing video, very informative. I don't think any one else has covered or explained anything like this before. Loved how you described, explained and analyzed every side of the pyramid. Well done 👏
Difficult to say just how much I enjoy these vid's, I don't look foward to much on KZhead 🙂 but these are certainly an exception. Thank you for another very interesting and informative excursion to Giza.
Just spectacular!! The beauty is stunning So stunning in fact it blinds me to methodology... Since I was a young child I dreamed of going back to watch the master builders at work! Thank you so much...
This is so well done. Thank you for being so thorough and so open about where the uncertainty is. 🙏
Thank you for all the effort put into this. I always feel like this pyramid is criminally understudied due to the Great Pyramid overshadowing it. A personal peeve of mine is when people use features that only the Great Pyramid has to explain their construction and purpose, which I always ask, well why doesn’t the one next to it that’s almost the same size have those features? I feel like Khafre’s pyramid still has A LOT to be discovered and learned from, and this is a great step in that direction. The casing stones are fascinating to me since the others at Giza are all gone. We are lucky they are still there to study, but it seems almost everyone else has taken them “for granite”
So fascinatingly engrossing ... I've watched it 5 times now ... awesome work
This is exactly the analytical type of thinking that is necessary to understand this wonderful work of the Egyptiana
Those wide gaps in the south face remind me very strongly of what you can sometimes see on brick built buildings. They leave wider gaps, which are filled in with cement, where scaffolding was set between the bricks during construction. Might that make sense at the very top, where there's not enough room for ramps?
Make a lot of sense. If the builders used those holes as scaffolding anchor points, they couldn't put the filler stones. When the scaffold was disassembled, they could only put somethings else there, which didn't last for thousands of years.
Scaffolding made of what? Even then sufficient wood was not available. Their boats at that time were made of reeds, not timber.
@@liquidsonly We know they used wooden beams. There are large beams inside at least one of the pyramids. If they were capable fo building the pyramids - I doubt they'd have found it impossible to source some wood if they need it.
@@liquidsonly Exactly, the time when Egypt was full of trees and water, was not at 3000BC. It was much earlier. That's why I said "builders". Whoever built the pyramid, must have had plenty of timber to construct a very tall scaffold.
Really fantastic and thorough research! I've been reading into Ancient Egypt for a long time and never knew that the vast majority of the stones were unmapped. Hopefully some top minds will see this video and perhaps continue your great work!
Seems like every course has predetermined characteristics and you clearly highlighted commonalities annomalies defects and abscences. Great work in the right direction.
This was a particularly good video and I'm grateful you put the work in to come to sound conclusions.
Great work! You need to write this up as a research paper. This is very important work you've done.
This video may go down in history as having contributed to a major breakthrough.
Man, I love the way you break down these pyramids! It’s very concise and to the point and I really appreciate that. A lot of times people will talk a bunch of nonsense and get completely off track with the explanation. But not you. It’s great and I look forward to the next one!
You are the best! Thank you for taking the time to do all this!
I could have watched another 5 hours of this!! Amazing!
Thanks. So much more insight and interesting questions brought up on this channel than on any other docs I've seen. And a southern ramp does makes sense if you're trying to maximize daylight working hours and visibility.
I was thinking that the small gaps in the upper courses of the south side could be anchor points for scaffolding. Awesome work. Thank you!
Fascinating! It would be interesting to see the 3 dimensional shapes of the casing stones and how they sit on the the inner stones. Also, I believe the ramps were inside the pyramids, not outside. More efficient than building and taking down separate ramps. Thank you for this!
Great work. I appreciate you taking the time to research and publish this 🤙
Thank you for the time and effort you put in this video.
Amazing work as always, sir...and not only are you breaking new ground here, but giving an impassioned call to action to us all. For near over a century, we of the general public have been content to leave the deep research in the hands of so called "experts" and "authorities", but the last few years have proven that the motivated individuals will be the ones to move the field forward, and that collectively we can all contribute a bit of light to illuminate the shadow cast over our history. Thankyou for your continued work and wonderful insights... And for inspiring with a contagious enthusiasm! 🙏
Wow, incredible video and work. Looking forward to seeing what you turn out next.
This is such an incredibly awesome educational video!! So informative and enlightening for future generations to learn from. Great job!
Ground breaking observations and analysis. This should be on the cover of Archaeology Magazine. The Ancient Architects guy recognized your talent a while ago and once again you demonstrated how right he is.
I appreciate the effort you put into your videos.
What an amazing effort, and fascinating to see it from a new perspective. 👏
Thanks for all of your tedious effort, really impressive. This guy appreciates you!🤜🤛