History of Every ANCIENT Empire, i guess...
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I do posts on Mesoamerican history and archeology, so i want to give some background on what was going on there during the periods you cover, and what possible empires might have been there,, since there's definitely some contenders you miss. Mesoamerican Precolumbian chronology is generally split into 6 periods: The Paleo-Indian/Lithic and Archaic are prehistorical periods which cover initial human habitation to the development of agriculture, sedentarism, Neolithic style tools, etc. The Preclassic, or Formative period, which usually is considered to start around 2000BC, is when you see "civilization": the rise of urbanism, monumental architecture, writing, class systems, etc. San Lorenzo is widely considered as the first city or something approaching that in the region, developing into a complex center around 1400BC. It's an Olmec site, the Olmec in turn being widely considered to be Mesoamerica's first major civilization and a "mother culture" later ones developed out of, but the view has been increasingly challenged as of late. Admittedly, the granular specifics in the shift in consensus escape me a bit, but as I understand it, a lot what was previously considered to be signs of Olmec conquest or direct political influence over sites across Mesoamerica such as in Central Mexico and Oaxaca are now considered to not actually be signs of direct political influence, but rather the spread and exchange of Olmec style goods as an art style, due to it being in-vogue among Mesoamerican elites. In turn, stuff like city building and kingship was likely simultaneous developing, it's just the Olmec culture (whose direct spread as a culture was likely limited to the "Olmec Heartland" around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in what's now southern Veracruz and Tabasco, though certainly trade and potentially diplomacy meant they had contact and indirect influences elsewhere, as I mentioned with Olmec style art found farther out) had some of the most notable and earlier sites and their style is what became popular. I think there's some especially recent research suggesting some of what we consider to be "Olmec" was also being driven by Mayas, and Aguada Fenix is an example of a Maya site with a giant ceremonial compound during the Olmec period, but I can't really clarify on that much. Were the Olmec an "Empire"? Well, as you say, defining that can be difficult, and Mesoamerica especially is a challenge here because directly managed, unified imperial states where a capital city actually directly adminsteres and controls all of the cities and towns it has dominion over are just rare in general: Even the Aztec Empire which controlled something like 1/5th to 1/4th of all of Mesoamerica and had ~500 subject or vassal states didn't really do that much. I don't think there's really any sort of consensus as far as if sites like San Lorenzo or La Venta had influence over all the surronding Olmec centers, or if there were competing city-states or kingdoms, but even if there was a a singular primate city in the Olmec Heartland all the others toed the line to, it'd guess it's unlikely they directly governed all the other cities and towns or even appointed governors... but if you define "Empire" that strictly, then Mesoamerica will have NO empires aside from 1-2 examples. There's also the matter of if the Olmec or Maya etc sites in this 1400-800BC period even were "states", or just chiefdoms. There's a paper called "Primary State Formation in Mesoamerica" which argues that, by the definition it uses for what counts as a bureaucratic state with 4 tiers of administrative complexity, those early Olmec and Maya centers don't make the cut, and the first state in Mesoamerica would have been at Monte Alban, a major Zapotec city in Oaxaca, which achieves that status around 500BC, right around your date cutoff. Monte Alban also, as far as I know, IS largerly considered to have centered most of Zapotec politics around itself: It was actually THE major Zapotec political center for over 1000 years, only declining around 600-700AD. Was Monte Alban Is it a "Zapotec Empire"? Again, hard to say. I know that there's evidence it did actually meddle in the demographic and economic activity of other Zapotec cities and towns it had influence over and may have appointed officials or founded colonies (Oaxaca isn't my area and i'm typing this up off the top of my head, so forgive the ambiguity), unlike say the Aztec who mostly just collected taxes and did political marriages but otherwise left subjects alone to self manage almost entirely, so I do think you could argue it meets the definition, though I'd wager that many states and cities it had influence over still retained their own political identity and has some indepedence, and there were probably some other city-states it was enemies with and didn't have control over in the area. I don't think there's any notable contenders in West Mexico at the time: The Capacha culture was an Olmec contemprary that did create an influential ceramic style, but we don't really see West Mexico develop big urban states till well into the Classic or arguably even Postclassic period, but West Mexico is also super understudied so who knows. Central Mexico probably had some cities and certainly many towns and villages, some of which probably met the "state" definition I mention, but the main contender I can think of, Cuicuilco which was a city in the Valley of Mexico (later the home of Teotihuacan, the Aztec Political core, etc), really only got sizable AFAIK right after the end of your date cutoff, and it would have only had control over maybe a dozen other population centers: Is that an empire?. The Maya probably had stuff comparable to Monte Alban as of 500BC: El Mirador was a big Maya city and would have had influence over maya others between 300-100BC, and recent research has shown that pretty large/complex centers were a thing even earlier in the Preclassic period, as I alluded to before, but off the top of my head I can't name any specific sites, and while there were written scripts in Mesoamerica from 900BC to 500BC, with Olmec, Zapotec, and Maya writing, the Olmec and Zapotec examples are undeciphered, and I think we just know Maya writing existed around then, but actual surviving writing samples/inscriptions only come up a few centuries later, and are mostly just dates rather then large political records like we see in the Classic period. So yeah: I'd have mentioned the Olmec here as potential contender like the Maya (and I'd have clarified more on what the Maya were doing), and i'd have outright proposed Monte Alban as a probable "Empire", at least within your loose definition. Moving away from Mesoamerica, while it's not my area of expertise, to speak about the Andes: It's my understanding that while monumental centers in the Andes date back to as early as ~3000BC with Caral etc, that those were more ceremonial sites then cities: They didn't have a large permanent population, but a small amount of resident priests and then were visited at certain times of year by other groups. Apparently this changes at 500BC when Chavin de Huantar, one such ceremonial site belonging to the Chavin culture, picks up a permanent group of class specialists and it kicks off Andean urbanism proper. But apparently, large scale empires and kingdoms still aren't a thing till the early/mid 1st millenium AD, where you have Moche sites which were city-states or something close to it, and the kingdom of Tiwanku or and the Wari/Huari Empire (which is repeatedly stressed as an EMPIRE, in the strict imperial sense). Lastly Poverty Point would have been a thing in the Southeast US, but it's definitely not an Empire, though later Moundbuilder cultures should probably at least be mentioned in future videos even if their qualifications as full states rather then chiefdoms is debated. Again, though, not my area!
Some additional stuff I wanted to edit in my comment here but can't since it got "Liked" (Thank you, by the way!): I mentioned there being 6 periods, but I meant to say 5 (Palo-Indian/Lithic, Archaic, Preclassic/Formative, Classic, and Postclassic), and I didn't really explain Classic or Postclassic since they come after the 500BC date cutoff the video discusses, but the Classic period starts around 100AD, and is when cities, writing, statehood, etc had become widespread and the norm (aside from some of West Mexico), while the Postclassic (starting around 900AD, though there's a lot of minor variation in the exact cutoff) is less defined by any sort of "advancing" in complexity so much as a key political centers declining and being replaced and a shift to some political models. Also, to be clear, while Monte Alban would have achieved state level complexity by 500BC (and probably other cities even earlier, depending your definition), i'm not sure if it fully reached a position of primacy across Zapotec culture that early. My assumption is that it *probably* did to a degree since it's still talked about as the most major site in the area during the period, but that could be researchers retroactively focusing on it earlier on, even if maybe it only became super dominant later on? I'm honestly not sure. So, again, if it should count as an "empire" is debatable.. if not here, though, it really probably should have been mentioned in the next video (which I only realized is already out after I made my initial comment above!) Lastly, when I say the Aztec Empire had roughly 500 subject and vassal states, that means states, not cities/towns: Each state would have been anywhere from a few to a many dozen population centers; and when I say directly governed empires are "rare in general", I meant in Mesoamerica: The lack of draft animals and the terrain mostly being jungles/swamps or highland mountain ranges and valleys meant that long distance administration and military force was logistically costly.
Thats sick bro
@@MajoraZthanks
finally someone acknowledges west mexican ancient history
You're spot on on the Andean civilization! I think religious sites that also served as pilgrimage locations were the first development in the Andes, since Caral (maybe there are older sites, but it's still uncertain) and during the first period of Chavín (900-500 BC) it was one of such sites. Even having the same U shaped layout. But something happened around 500BC (as you mention) that makes Chavín very prominent and prestigious, so much that it influenced and marked the path for most subsequent cultures. But pilgrimage sites that were occupied by few priests, and "cities" that were built and undone overnight during said pilgrimages were still a thing, such as Pachacamac... And even today they are, such as during El Cristo Morado, which is a continuation of that same Pachacamac pilgrimage, only Christian nowadays.
1:30 For those who want to know, that pharaoh was Pepi II, who ruled from 2278 BC to 2184 BC, meaning, if it is true, he ruled 94 years, making him the longest reigning monarch in all of history!
whos the smallist time ruled as monarch like what if someone was a official monarch, not regent, and ruled for like 30 seconds then died
@@mightyx5441not regent as in not a regency? Because if it includes child kings theres stuff like Jean I of France ruled 5 days. In fact when it comes to how long a monarch has been king relative to the entire life of the monarch, he is a natural first place because he also lived for a grand total of 5 days, yes born as king died as king 100% of his life he was king.
@@mightyx5441lady jane grey - she ruled england officially as queen for only 9 days before her execution
@@mightyx5441 I've searched it up, and it seems that Vira Bahu I of Polonnaruwa had the shortest reign. He was crowned at night-time and was assassinated by dawn. Though we don't know the exact day he ruled, it was in the year 1196.
The Crown Prince Luis Filipe of Portugal was technically King of Portugal (Dom Luis III) for approximately 20 minutes on 1 February 1908. His father was shot dead in the streets of Lisbon, Portugal and the Crown Prince was mortally wounded at the same time. This is from Guinness World Records
Only true Possible History fans know this is a repost
What happened to the original?
Yes
I was so confused when I saw 9 mins ago
Yes
No, I think this one is a bit different. The editing and maps are changed.
I was thinking a dive into medieval empires would be cool - as far as I know, it isn't something explored very much on your channel, so I'd certainly be interested to see you cover that time era. Great vid as always :)
From what I know most everyone ignores this history. Not just this channel. Most talks of the Medieval period (from what I've seen) center around a Holy Roman Empire which sruvives, and the Reconquista.
He just posted a video about that 👍🏻
Scenario Idea: What if the Bohemians won the battle of Marchfeld?
Please please please PLEASE 🇨🇿
Thank you for this new version! Amazing job!
I especially love how you used the ± symbol before the dates instead of the tilda ~, which means approximately instead of literally "plus or minus 550BC" for instance. I mean, that includes the roman kingdom, republic, and the start of the empire. That's impressive.
Scenario Idea: What if the Treaty of Perpetual Peace between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanian Empire was kept?
Then world would be peaceful and turban civilization would've stayed in desert.
@@parsarustami774 🤡🤡🤡 humans will always fight
@@parsarustami774 ok mister "we eat the flesh and drink the blood of our savior"
@@ravenouself4181 ok mister "our prophet married a 9 year old"
I love this thread
This was so good really looking forward to the followups thank you bye bye
I enjoyed this video immensely!! I wish this video could be remade with more details, it would be hourd long, but that would be incredible. Regardless, excellent run down!
Thank you for your work impressive work
This is gonna be great! Love your work 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤
Would love to see a What if everything went perfect for Norway scenario (please)
@@DarkIsToNight Yeah without any hints or notions of nationalism I will respectfully disagree and say that Norway would be more interesting (again, definitely no nationalism involved)
@@Niklas46364No need to take a look, just look up a video about Sweden 1610-1708 and it would pretty much be the same thing(no nationalism involved). Just don't look at 1709 and afterwards.
Such a brilliantly crafted video! You deserve way more views and subscribers, this level of content and depth is exceptional and extremely informative; I’ve never seen a video like this and it thoroughly entertained me. Keep up the great work❤
Thank you so much man, means a lot!
Outstanding! Subscribed.
Wow, this is a really epic video idea
Oh hell ya new series im here for it
Woah thanks for posting this never seen before video
Nice redo i love this
Great as always
Love your videos!🩶
This video is really good, keep it up. ❤
Nice work
this looks like a nice video, cant wait to watch it while eating
Great repost it's better than the original video man
Yesss more of these please
Loved the king boomie ref avatar 👏 👌
A very interesting and informative video, I quickly grasp information without tons of Wikipedia. More and more interesting is what we will see in history 2 :)
YAAAAY PB IS NOW 100K SUBS!!!
Pls continue this series
One of crucial aspects of the Empire is control over several nations. That distinguish strong nation states, from actual Empires. Take a note that Empires usually evolve in three ways: 1) Fall apart, when centralized rule weaken and all nations separate. Look Rome. Or go through what I call... 2) Post-Empire State. Where due to forming strong bounds with the subjugated nations, they start supporting central rule as protector of own interests. Even if Empire stop conquering and sometimes even become democratic. Good example here is United States if America. A lot of people do not know that US actually do not have official language. Entire West was French and California and Florida Spanish. Or... 3) Empire by name. So country calling itself a Empire, what is not a Empire anymore. Like Oman or Morocco.
I was freaking out because there wasn't a new video Pd: Is this a repost?
KZhead is sure to be a fan of the Mauryan symbol. It definitely won't get the video demonetized.
I like the mauryan symbol, but it's just too complicated. Maybe straighten out the hooks on the cross, and rotate it a bit?
@@ChatGPT_ChatbotTest remove the dots to clear it up too
@@viveka2994 true
@@viveka2994 this yellow and red is weird, it's better to leave the symbol black and leave a white circle behind it to create a contrast
@@joaogabrielimperial7777don't forget a dash of red on outsides of that white circle
Can you make another Tierzoo video, but about America? 13 Colonies, Revolutionary Army, US (1783s), US (1812), Union and Confederacy, US (1914), US (1936), and US modern to see how the build evolved?
please do '' what if every thing went perfect for Romania''
Video idea: What if Denmark won the Swedish war of libetation?
"France has to many revolution" China : "sure, sure, I agree, just don't look at me"
I think the heat map would be better if you did time under controll of an empire rather then amount of empires. Many Roman territories for example now looks to be just as long lived/importand as some of the nomadic empires who only lasted a few decades.
Oh shit, I laughed way harder than I rightly should have seeing that short blurb under legalism. Ah, so on point.
This is the perfect video to watch before you start a run at Crusader Kings
Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched all in it 27:46
Omg i didn’t know I was a fan of this channel when I got this video after I started I got deja vu 😂
Do "If everything went perfect for Napoleon Bonapart"it would be cool.
That's easy, The First French Empire would still be there
Man Chinese empires are so complicated lol perfect music while explaining it
24:50 "WHAT ABOUT ME? POMPEY!" *Julius Caesar proceeds to kick his ass* Then some dude in Egypt cuts his head off
When are you doing your new history special?
Can you make your original video on ancient empires available on the channel? I know you probably aren't proud of it, and that's okay. You don't have to keep it public. Maybe it could be accessed via a playlist. I would just like to compare and contrast your original video to your current video to see where improvements were made.
Just because demonization
5:59 missed the joke of "sea men".
could you possibly do 1200-1450? i got a test soon...
9:33 the Solomonic dynasty existed in 1000BC as the kingdom of Damat.
Map of kingdoms would be fun to see.
I thought this video was a few months ago (i saw the old one) and when i saw it was today, i was so confused
Please continue it
The largest ancient Achaemenid Empire
Good luck with the algorithm
I feel like I seen this but can't wait for medieval empires
Hittites were no joke..the new Egyptian kingdom was dope too.
Is that the Carolingian Empire at 00:30?
Is that the Carolingian empire at 00:30?
W Improved Vid
Scenario Idea: What if Napoleon died during the charge at the battle of Arcola?
what map does possible history use?
What happened to the Chinese warlord era series?
when can we expect the history2 videos?
Only OGs remember the original vid
When will you start making history 2.0?
finally a great video 4 a dummy like me. Ty
Do Tibetan Empire pls
You forgot about the Scythia and their empire coving the entire Steppes from Mongolia to the Carpathians until the Sarmatia took over
Did the original get taken down?
Scenario Idea : What if the Frankish Empire survived?
I’m not a history expert so take this with a grain of salt, but if Charlesmagne didnt split the empire I believe it would end up falling into civil war and we will end up with a much weaker East, Middle, and West Francia making them susceptible to foreign invasion
Sea peoples: Arrive Destroy a bunch of civilizations. Refuses to elaborate (or leave much evidence about who they even are.) Leaves.
I wonder how many of these early empire's borders are exaggerated and their grandure overstated by the sources we know them from
2:45 threw me off that man doesn’t look Egyptian at all
Will Axum be part of the next video or do you consider them not an empire?
how is aksum not an empire
Weren’t they in the video?
Already knew about the Babylonian, Egyptian, Persian, Greek and Roman empires. The Egyptians while being around even after the Greeks and Romans invaded them, they still were around during Occupation until the final years of Cleopatra where Egypt civilization ended after the queen's tragic death.
Do you change the video?
Why'd you leave out Southeast Asia?
the magadhas started from taxilla not sindh 20:02 but good video tbh
16:17 Mom, i want Finland! Sweety, we have Finland at home. Finland at home:
Also prople need to understand that sizes of empires near equator are much bigger than they appear
Please can you apply your Expertise to empires in the Americas (N, C, S)? CONUS legacy empires would be super interesting.
i liked the phoenician empire part. masters of trade
Small nitpick but 11:58 the Zhou didnt reallu introduced those three philosophies. It was during the Spring Autumn period when those philosophies became invented.
I think Spring and Autumn period is also counted as part of Eastern Zhou 東周
@@aftokratoryyeah but the eastern zhou didn’t have much power at that point, so saying Zhou introduced them isn’t really accurate
I love how he said Roman Empire as some Unimportant Empire
I wish you would have discussed the West Afrikan empires
in late medival can u mention kalmar union
the map can be a bit more accurate, since the territory changes from time to time
I wonder, was Roman an over grown city state, or a country? A lot of the other Empires were dynastic, but Rome was a republic first before becoming an empire (even if it was a kingdom before becoming a republic).
25:55 note that by this time, the Roman empire had lost mesopotamia.
Still waiting for that medieval version
What happened to the Cholas and Pandya empires from south India? They are among the longest lasting empires in the world with recorded history of 1500+ years. They were a crucial part of the maritime silk trade.
Longest but not largest
True bro and it was not about largest if you go with largest than why including early Egyptian
Whens the ww1 fan vote map
Day 3 of asking for what If everything went perfect for the ottomans
When will the WW1 poll video release?
That Maurya symbol looks pretty cool if only they'd make some minor changes it would look even better....
That's swastika and it's even older than Mauryans.
You should mention the pandya Empire and chola Empire of Bharat the longest living Empires in the world.
What about indo Greek kingdom or Greco bactrian kingdom
China in a nutshell: Dynasty and Warlord Periods with some unification moments
keep broke and united until next time grow bigger😮why？dont they disappear？
keep broke and united until next time grow bigger😮why？dont they disappear？
The seleucids did not start off that big. Originally they just controlled persia and iraq, with the antigonids (whom really should have been considered an empire) controlling anatolia, syria and palestine, but the antigonid emperors died and the seleucids got the spoils.
I also wanted to mention Greco Bactria kingdom and yanavana kingdom ( the first ones that really invaded India.)
not to mention he didnt mention Palmyrene and Lydian empire for middle east as well