24. Schizophrenia
2024 ж. 20 Мам.
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(May 26, 2010) Professor Robert Sapolsky finishes his lecture on language and then dives into his discussion about schizophrenia. He discusses environmental factors as well as genetic characteristics that could apply to people who are affected. He describes schizophrenia as a disease of thought disorder and inappropriate emotional attributes.
Stanford University:
www.stanford.edu/
Stanford Department of Biology:
biology.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on KZhead:
/ stanford
Mom, I made it into Stanford!!!!
Woot
good job :)
🤣🤣 Yay!
🤣
This is funny.... I tell people I take math classes from world renowned fields medalists.... when really I just watch lectures on youtube. I hope humans figure out that universities are just expensive babysitters for children. I stopped paying for college when my professors started wearing name tags with their pronouns on them. Like give me a break!
We are amazingly lucky to have hour long videos of ACTUAL university lectures. We are learning for free. We should take advantage of this and be very grateful 🙌🏻
true
you can simply walk into a university and listen to the lectures. not sure how it's done where you live, but around here no-one checks you have a student card. it's still nice to be able to watch this at home years after it happened and at 4 in the morning
@@mariecmcleodsterk3402 please explain. I don't follow you.
@@mariecmcleodsterk3402 what's wrong? I would say not much if nothing. what's "wrong" about it is people who consider you like a criminal because you don't think the way they do.
@@mariecmcleodsterk3402 Don't be angry (I try not to, although I am not as successful as I would like to). In some cultures, "schyzophrenes" (whatever that may be..) are considered as "shamans" ; they are not expected to do the usual/normal work others do : instead they are used as "counselors" and people go to them when there is something they can not understand. Nikola Tesla supposedly said sth like "my brain is an antenna, picking up signals from the universe surrounding me ; this is where I get my knowledge from". AFAIK those labeled as "schizophrenic" are sensitive to things most people are not. What you may perceive is _not_ a hallucination, it may be scary as death but you _must_ deal with it. At all costs. Life, the Universe and Everything depends on it.
my girlfriend has Schizophrenia. she is the kindest most caring loving person I've ever met and I feel blessed everyday that she is in my life. I wouldn't change her for anything.
Good luck!
My girlfriend too, we’re going to start making blogs
23:40 is where the lecture on Schizophrenia actually starts. Everything before that is a continuation on the previous lecture concerning languages. The language discussion was interesting, though.
Thank you
Thanks!!!
Thank you!
Thanks
Thank you!
This is one of those rare teachers that get in the zone and just spits their knowledge in a very digestible fashion.
@None Ya Some humans seem to be born with a high quality gift to educate. Distinctive benefit of KZhead we can all be grateful for.
Have you read, "A Primate's Memoir?' That was my introduction!
Teaching easy like a Sunday morning in a complex and schizoid world
Lljl
yep...heheh
"Schizophrenics are far less dangerous than are normal individuals in society. The rates of violence are extremely low." This specific feature should be learned by everyone to end one of the most common and unfair stigmas schizophrenics have to deal with on top of their own chaos. By the way, one of the most enjoyable and educational explanations of this terrible desease I have ever heard. Kudos to this professor.
The rates of violence may be extremely low, but I don't believe you can claim that they are "FAR less dangerous than are normal individuals in society." Perhaps it was just a figure of speech.
@@MalachiWhite-tw7hl Yeah I think this is potentially one of the few things Sapolsky gets wrong...Schizophrenics aren't as dangerous as the general public thinks they are, but they are more dangerous than the average person in specific ways.
@@sammoreton333 Exactly.
As with most people with mental illness. We are much more likely to hurt ourselves than others.
@@sammoreton333 why are you so determined to demonize schizophrenics?
0:00 Announcements 1:35 Language Lecture wrap-up 23:38 Schizophrenia Introduction 25:38 Sub-types 26:26 Symptoms 42:35 Facts and Misconceptions 50:24 Maasai Lady 59:08 Neurochemistry 1:11:09 Brain structure 1:17:08 Genetics 1:24:36 Early Experience 1:37:03 Conclusion
Awesome, thanks for this.
@@bobbypukes605 no problem 🤗🤗
Thank you 🙂
Thank you!!!
Look at your. You on to your when cryed
My mother is schizophrenic. You wouldn’t believe how many times my mother has been ostracized from family gatherings because someone in our extended family watched a movie that portrayed a schizophrenic individual as a demon possessed monster who would kill at any given time. Which is just so incredibly frustrating. They see a movie or show that portrays the schizophrenic as a loose cannon that could fly into a homicidal rage, and they suddenly remember “omg my aunt is schizophrenic, that’s what she’s going to do one day!”. It’s just wrong. My mother is very lucky because she has been on her medication for years without any episodes of chaos or mental trauma that were considered “bad”. She sometimes has trouble with listening to the radio or watching certain shows or movies, so she lives with me and we do a lot of gardening together and things that keep her busy and bring her happiness. My mother is a physically gorgeous woman with a beautiful heart, and she is my best friend. I try everyday to make sure she feels loved and happy, because she deserves it. Sadly, there are many people with schizophrenia who don’t have friends or family and that is heartbreaking.
AMEN 🙏🏻
They can be dangerous if they don't take thier meds
Magic mushrooms
By the way u are great person one day I know I will marry a person of ur value
Everyone with an mental illness should have someone in their lives like you.
A big THANK YOU to the professor for allowing his lectures to be uploaded.
Yes! I have learnt so much from them.
I just love listening to him while learning. I was one that loved listening to what my teachers said. If i could have a profession of just attending school, id be so happy.
Yes, you are very brave....
Alex Hatz Also thank you to Stanford!
Thanks Robert Sapolsky.
"Language is how we outsmart plants." Ouch. I felt that right in my tomatoes.
Ha! We’re on the brink of extinction. Plants will be here long after we’re gone. Who’s the smart one?
Lololol😄😂🤣😅
😄😂🤣😅 about the tomatoes comment.
@@blahboidblah Me.
I read this comment at the exact time Sapolsky said it :D
I had a family friend with schizophrenia take his life a while ago. He was one of the most soft spoken intelligent person I’ve ever met and he changed my entire perspective on people with this condition. It makes me upset when people make fun of people who go through this. Rest in peace Kyle.
Any photos of his body?
@@billysunday7507bro wtf
i was not expecting that comment opening the replies
@@billysunday7507delete this
@@billysunday7507 WIll be sure to take pictures of yours.
"A disease of no hidden blessings whatsoever." As someone who has a schizoaffective person who is dear to me, that line hurt. :`(
I’m with you on that. A nail in the proverbial coffin for those of us living day to day with the disease. I HAVE schizophrenia and am NOT schizophrenic. It doesn’t define me even though it has been, unfortunately, part of me for twenty years….I have my Masters but still struggle with relationships. This professor is precise in most of his lecture. 🙌
I've only known one person with schizoaffective so far and several with schizophrenia. In my subjective observations, schizoaffective presents more like bipolar, with the pros and cons of that. The trick with schizoaffective seems to be in balancing the necessary meds. Mood stabilizer, antipsychotic, and ideally antidepressant. Sometimes an anticonvulsant needed to treat side effects too. Those I know with schizophrenia however, I see no up side to their illness. But, due to modern meds with less poisoning or zombifying effect, they have a reasonable quality of life.
Nobody ever tells you how much better your teachers will be if you can get into a prestigious school. I feel like it would have motivated me to get better grades in high school.
There are some good ones out there. I found excellent teachers in random places and at random places in my life. Random (or entropy) IS life.
@@engrenage it really is, all of biology pretty much boils down to thermodynamics.
@@engrenage I know what you're saying; there are occasionally good teachers in unusual places. But what I'm talking about is how all teachers and parents talk about is how good of a job you'll get with a prestigious degree, but what they don't understand is how teenagers (at least myself and the ones I was around) don't think that far ahead. What they don't tell you is what a gorgeous campus you'll get to live on, how you won't have to be around annoying immature 17 year olds that only care about getting drunk and partying, how the proffesors actually care about what they're teaching; just generally how you'll be in an environment that is passionate about learning and growth and your future. It makes me a feel a little bitter that I never learned about what could be if I just suffered a little bit in high school by studying hard and doing extra curriculars.
This guy is the exception to the rule. Don't generalize, money doesn't necessarily buy you a better education.
@@user-lk1qx7gb5o agreed. For every one of these guys, there are 10 professors who can't teach
My little brother killed himself 40 years ago after suffering from and being diagnosed with schizophrenia. After 40 years of reading everything I could get my hands on to try and understand it and get past the misconceptions, this is the most coherent explanation I've ever heard and is spot on in my experience.
I’m sorry for your loss
The toughts and the shadows scitzophrenians see are demons. Its sound crasy but i experienced and seen these things in real life also in dreams coz i have them many. I had severe depression and paralasys also sleep paralasys that got of me in seconds by listening reading gospel scripture. I guarantee you that Jesus Christ can fix ur problem with prayer, fasting and devotion. It is written how Jesus casted out demons i tried it and it works coz i had ADHD too and i dont have it anymore. It is also incurable like scitz it works by spirits of fear and lies you cast them out in the name of Jesus Christ and you free of stupid and uncontrolable toughts. There is nothing that is beyond Christ and he is who he says he is. The Messiah.
@@seven7upndown241 if ,by any means, ADHD comes back and you have to be productive, you should know that ridalin helps. just in case...
@@tasoskarasaxinidis5059 if it comes back I'll chase the demon out again in the name of Jesus Christ.
@@seven7upndown241 amen. This is so true I'm a witness. Who the Lord sets free is free indeed
I'm an electrician and I love watching this man's lectures.
Ha! Me too :)
Hey, the brain operates by electrochemical signalling!
Same here as a Computer Science student c:
"If you make it to age 30 without Schizophrenia, you have virtually no chance of ever having it..." I just turned 29 and never realized how important this year would be.
Im 30 now ive had schizoaffective disorder since age 19. Im doing much better now
Actually the first psychotic episode is on average in ones early thirties. It’s not at all uncommon- Hate to break it to you! Although you technically “have” schizophrenia far far before you’re diagnosed, or even aware of any symptoms (on average). So maybe that’s what they’re saying.
The professor just has that voice. That voice that actually makes you listen.
Emperor: To me, it takes true, good useful content to keep me listening fully. He thinks we are animals, and he gives no explanation and treatment and cure of Schz. Dr Lawrence Wilson is better. He has solution! And can explain more. Nutritional Balancing Science.
Claudia Bothner 1. We are animals, just advanced ones 2. He talks about various techniques used to treat it
Still this guy is amazing. So full of curiosity as the biology itself.
@Deb Mercer It's only in the Abrahamic faiths that humans are viewed as non-animals. All other worldviews are more advanced than that.
@@Medietos He provides a very good overview on his subjects. And that understanding is necessary to get to good, holistic solutions. Only in heavily action-oriented societies like the US is a quick solution given more importance than first trying to understand the issue at hand. Also, the Nazis had a 'solution' too by the way-look where it got them.
You can tell this professor not only love the subject he teaches, he does researches and actively go out of his way to learn more. They say in order to have a very clear understanding of what you are talking about, you gotta read 10 times amount of related information. I can’t imagine the shear amount of hours he devoted into reading. I feel like he is one of very rare individuals who loves studying but also gifted at teaching.
Lies again? Samsung Ericsson
Sapolsky is a very smart guy, an academic and an intellectual. What he does does, in all likelihood, come naturally to him. Yes, he works hard, and yes, he is very good at what he does. We are lucky to have him, and a few thousands similar to him, in the world to show us the way...
@@yankee2yankee216 yes
Sapolsky is amazing! Also though all professors, at least at R1 and almost all R2 Universities, are researchers. Most people that go on to be profs do so specifically because they want to perform research and never stop studying in their fields. Then they also teach! That's why sometimes you dont always get great profs in college-- some are only there to really do research and begrudgingly teach courses because they have to. That said, when you find a prof like Sapolsky, who clearly is a great teacher AND an incredible researcher, you know you've hit the jackpot! Lol
Well, u kinda have to do research and read a lit of book to become a professor. This is not done overnight.
I woke up to this lecture beginning to play on my phone. I made a tea and listened to the whole thing. I was mesmerized. I was taught so much in such a short time. Excellent teaching.
I wish this man was my teacher for everything - I’m a sound engineering major and I just watched the whole thing bc of how interesting and good this man lectures.
I suffer from schizophrenia. Thanks for educating others and providing the information publicly. By definition I suppose we are "crazy", but a lot of us function and cope in daily lives and make it work without being a danger to ourselves or others around us, which isn't something you commonly hear when it comes to the discussion of something like schizophrenia. Seeing this lecture was quite nice. Thanks!
yes, it is not all negative, there are some adaptive aspects, there is a book 'Madness and Modernism' about this
your brain doesnt fucking work
@@bbyponk Ooh, edgy.
@@bbyponk LOL you play dark souls 2, get fucked
Thats wonderful u r doing good :)) how are managing? Do u have a support system? Medical help? I am happy to hear you are ok
My husband was a diagnosed schizophrenic. He had no problem with metaphor at all. Or, I should say, he did not take metaphors like "A rolling stone gathers no moss" literally. What he would do was take a literal comment, like "I had to shovel the snow off my car" and turn it into a critique on modern culture. We all do that to a certain extent, but he was a master of making a mountain out of a molehill. I said once, "Teddy, you make mountains out of molehills," and he gave me a critique about that! He was a brilliant, kind, handsome man. He died in 2003, and I think of him every day. At no time did he do any of the violent things being discussed here. He was a wonderful, humorous man.
I am sorry for your loss and I respect that you still talk about him and love him, 20 years later. Shows how much you really cared about him. You are a good woman!! Rest in peace to your wonderful husband.
@@elmonstro7852 Thank you so much. It's not that I am so good, but I do recognize how good Teddy was and what a mountain of obstacles he had to overcome, just to do something like go to the store and buy groceries. It's not that he wasn't able, it's that he was so unsure of himself that he didn't know if he would do the right thing. He was a lovely man. If I didn't remember him, I would be doing myself a disservice. He was something wonderful to remember.
I had an episode of psychosis, and it was very similar to the ways that people describe schizophrenia. I used to use marijuana for depression, but now if I use it, those thought patterns come back stronger. Luckily i don't feel the need to use it anymore. When I hear people describe schizophrenia, I understand exactly where they're coming from. A metaphor will fly through your head in a split second and you'll be 100% convinced the world is about to end, and then nothing happens. It's a scary place for sure, and I'm pretty sure I'll never use drugs again. But oddly enough, it was mushrooms that led me out of the depression. They say "The psychotic drowns in the same waters in which the mystic swims with delight." I feel like I'm the mystic, but to stay there, I have to eat healthy, exercise, and do my best to create unity among the humans. I want to believe that there's a path out of schizophrenia to the mystic. I have to. Curious, what's your husband's diet and exercise regimen like?
Wow I was born in 2003..he's watching over you every day
@@AngelinaLopez-cx5fw Thank you.
this man’s lectures are my adult version of bedtime stories
It’s twelve years since this enlightening lecture what about updates in 2023?
i was so depressed to sit there for 23 minutes to listen about the death of ancient languages. the whole schizophrenia bit really cheered me up.
made me chuckle
I don't know why people being able to understand each other is depressing
@LiL Speng If you think for yourself you might understand. Use your brain buddy
thank god we have the wayback machine.
@LiL Speng nah you're an ignorant little weasel. Watching a video and absorbing the opinions of a psychology lecturer is not using your brain. Nether is telling someone to watch a video instead of addressing their point. You've got a lot to learn it seems.
This chap is one of the most charismatic & engaging speakers I've ever heard.
I think he’s a self absorbed pain
@@kitiyana Well don't watch his videos then.
It’s his beard.
@@mandopando4111 Great hair!
@@kitiyana how so?
I work for a homeless shelter that deals with mental illness, alcoholics & addictions. I needed to hear this lecture & I think everyone who is employed in this field should hear this also! Thank you for showing all your hard work Doc!
I work for a homeless shelter as well. I completely agree
Understand addictions stem from mental illness. Not the other way around. They are adaptations. Unhealthy ones, but adaptations created for survival.
Thank you for everything you do! My aunt has schizophrenia and she is very stubborn. Not saying this is because of the disease, it could be her characteristic but by being this way she is argumentive (not in a mean way) she refuses she has the disease and is not willing to take medication. My grandma put meds in her drinks 25yrs ago and she got better for a while until she found out. It was the ultimate betrayal to her. Since then she has been homeless, by choice, a nomad kind of, all over the US. She came back home and has lived at a shelter for 7 years. They love her there, I love my aunt she is so fun to be around, but man this doctor is so accurate it makes it so much more concrete. 😢
not even studying psychiatry but I just ate the whole 1.5 hours video because this prof is amazing
For real and there are many of his lectures posted
This is so great! This is literally the best thing about KZhead. I could never afford to be a student at Stanford but some of the lectures of one of Stanfords brightest and most interesting thinkers is right here for anyone to come across.
wrr
Geahk Burchill totally agree there.
Geahk Burchill θοοπ´´´πποιυττρρρρενβωψψζχχχχχχζζζζζζ ζΖζζζζζζζζζζζζζζζχζδδηπλξξγδσερξλκζφκληλλωφλκγδηξκγλ´´´´´´´´´´´´´´
´λ´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´λλλ´´´´´´´´´´´´´´
That is the EXACT comment i was just going to make, after watching the video!! Absolutely priceless!!
He speaks confidently without taking a breath, stammering, making grammatical errors or referring notes ...meaning he's a proper authority & hands-on expert in his field. You falter only when the homework is pending.
That's a terrible heuristic and you're setting yourself up to be conned. A "con" is literally short for "confidence trick", as in someone who says bullshit confidently because they know people mistake confidence for being an authority. The whole point of science is to look at the substance, and take no one as an authority. You're right Spoolansky is an expert, but you're right for all the wrong reasons.
@@IIAOPSW I didn't know that in science, there is no authority a month ago. I discovered it in later days after posting this comment. My bad.
@@LijuJohn let no one say I don't give credit where it's due. Good on you for having already learned.
@@IIAOPSW lol so poetic
What an amazing professor! I’m in awe of his flawless lectures.
I was schizophrenia for 50 years, healed thank God , May 10, 2017. Confused, that's schizophrenia, I was never sure what was going on around me. I couldn't always think the words I wanted to think. If I did have the words I wanted, I couldn't always say those words. I couldn't be social. I wanted to avoid everyone. People could use me ,control me, and often, they did. Good people avoided me , bad people used or hurt me on purpose.
i have schizophrenia and this was an incredible video to watch, ty for all the knowlege. So much from experience is true, but some things with medication is variented. I knew alot of the information like the Psychotic Vs Parkinsons stuff but theres so much information in here i really recommend anyone with Schiz to pay close attention. For training psychologists please watch the full video as the stigma with mental health has been growing over the past decade and many in the US, EU and especially the UK have been neglecting patients, even while i have been in the ER, listening to staff laughing at patients for their behaviour (when they are crying, having panick attacks, including my own during a suicidal state), take mental health seriously, vulnerable people deserve to be cared for, we do all the work ourselves but when things get bad we turn to doctors for help and support so we dont hurt others or ourselves, when you neglect/ignore/dismiss someones mental health from a medical position, the blood is on your hands. I say that because i want to be a psychologist, to help people, and not see patients be treated and diagnosed so wrecklessly then ignored for years, decades and no one take responsibility when something horrible happens. *Making a mistake is part of experience, but just ignoring a situation because you dont really care or can't be bothered, or have a huge ego, or no real intuition for the field, has serious conciquences, treat these people as you would a friend or family member, because generally we are alone facing these issues. Also there are blessings to schizophrenia(despite what he said), but the downsides far outway them because the suffering involved is beyond what most people can comprihend.
I see no blessings to schizophrenia. I guess it humbles you if you see that as a blessing. I also don't think the suffering involved is beyond what most can comprehend. It does suck, however.
I love the 21st century, when seemingly limitless amounts of information have been made available online.
SS yes “the occults” who socially engineer civilization generation to generation(in the shadows) love to implement duality in its structure... “the good with the bad” ... so yes they went ahead and released the occult science from the ancient mystery schools(think ancient Egypt, Greece, India etc) to the masses of people, which is “good” in theory, but the “bad” is the intention to continue to deceive, and control the population... which is where you get the GMOs, poising/controlling water, taxes on land,etc...
About time it got boiled down to the truth...
@@ThePravaya : Wise words, you!Also, they should not throw out good knowledge that is crucial for healing Schz. Like metabolic issues, diet needs, biochemical imbalance, nutrient deficiencies. A specialist once said to me, many ppl have just a little medical knowledge, which is dangerous in that they think they know more than they do and make all sorts of claims. Often patients, probably wanting to feel less powerless and lost, talking away about what their illness is and how they function... totally up the wall.
I posess a device that enables me to acess all informations known to mankind. I use it to watch videos of cats, and get into arguments with people i dont know
SS yeah I remember those times good times
As the parent of a diagnosed schizophrenic son, with an affection for amphetamines, this is the most insightful video I have ever seen. You just explained to me what my adult son's doctors couldn't. Thank you.
I hope he is doing ok. And u too mom!
@@Fefe559 thanks. I'm his dad.
@@entertainmentgaming8738 nothing you said even makes sense. Ira is and always has been a masculine name.
@@IraWade sorry! Hope u r ok dad
@@entertainmentgaming8738 The science might provide you some deeper insight into this, Sapolsky has talked about it before. "Remarkably, studies have examined brains of transgender individuals, concentrating on brain regions that, on the average, differ in size between men and women. And consistently, regardless of the desired direction of the sex change and, in fact, regardless of whether the person had undergone a sex change yet, the dimorphic brain regions in transgender individuals resembled the sex of the person they had always felt themselves to be, not their “actual” sex. In other words, it’s not the case that transgender individuals think they’re a different gender than they actually are. It’s more like they got stuck with the bodies of a different sex from who they actually are."
I would've loved the opportunity to have attended his classes. This is the next best thing. We are so blessed to have these available for free 🖤
Our family was part of a genetic study financed by Johns Hopkins, and published in the Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry in 1995. We have the Disc 1 gene. I have 7 siblings, 3 of whom are schizophrenic. My great uncle and an aunt are also schizophrenic, and there are family stories of great grandmothers who lived out their lives in asylum. We have Finnish and Scottish bloodlines, both of which are linked to the Disc 1 gene. It was a nightmare for my parents to have 3 mentally ill children. Additionally, my mother had severe hyperemesis, (extreme vomiting, starvation), all of her pregnancies. My Dad was extremely physically and emotionally abusive to all of us. My mother and all of us children loved cats and we had several throughout our childhood, as did she. It was a perfect storm of genetic and environmental stew to create schizophrenic children.
How does this guy talk so smoothly and coherently for this long.
Genius
Passion and maybe some coffe?
@@Prince_Yonteahah
Stanford lectures for free - Amazing!
whats more amasing is the subject.
A few years ago I got really into working out and eventually ended up taking pre workout somewhat regularly. Little did my 16 year old self realize was that the pre-workouts I was taking were filled with many different types of amphetamines (legal but not fda approved obviously). After a year or so of taking straight pre workout I started to experience feelings of paranoia, anxiety, disassociation, and in the worst moments auditory hallucinations. I didn’t bring myself around others anymore and cut off most social contact because I was so lost in confusion. I felt like everyone could see what I was thinking like I was on the Truman show. Even after I stopped taking it and pouring dopamine into my brain I still experienced these symptoms for months. It seemed like I had changed my brain’s chemistry or really messed something up. To this day the anxiety and paranoia linger but are much more controllable. I am just grateful to not be in that space anymore. I feel like I got to experience a piece of what some people experience their entire lives. I empathize with anyone who has to live with such a hellish condition.
Alright hope you get better all the way mate.
I have schizoaffective bipolar and honestly I cannot believe anyone would say there were "hidden blessings" about schizophrenia. I agree with most of this.
Not when there is so much stigma and fear mongering from the media and the consequences are also from society. The meds are terrible as well. The cure can certainly be called the disease.
Mine is the same diagnosis. But i also have stress conditions added. I have worked most my life. Breaks were necessary inbetween. One job was for 10 years, 4 days a week, 16 hour days. Do and Hope 😊
This has been on KZhead for 8 years and I'm seeing it now? Oh well, better late than never. Thanks Mr. Professor.
Exactly what I was thinking! The entire list of his classes have beeb so interesting. I've literally been binge watching!
Haha it took me 10 months longer than that. Worth the wait. :)
** But just think of all the millions of people you’re ahead of :)
Saying "Mr. Professor" isn't correct. You would just say Professor Sapolsky, not Mr. Professor Sapolsky.
That's Professor Professor to you, sir.
I fell asleep and autoplay took me here. I always was fascinated by psychiatry and this is a very good lecture. Really makes me feel like i missed out by going for an art degree instead
same with science degree uff
you can always go back to uni, my mum is doing psychology degree after teaching her whole life she is 67!
It's never too late!
Obviously an art degree is a huge waste of money regardless
@@frankgrimes6771 there's beauty in art which can't be found anywhere else. If the person is good in their field, they can do wonders with an arts degree.
such a blessing that this professor lets his lectures be uploaded. really helps me understand my schizophrenic grandmother.
I'm totally obsessed with Sir Sapolsky's lectures. Living in this technological era & watching these life-changing lectures in a small country like Bangladesh is amazing!
Good luck to you my bro. We are all humans connected together now x
(From Switzerland, but I grew up in the UK)
Thanks brother for your comment.. we're all connected now!
i too like them... i am just a layman but i have watched this video several times and now i understand much more about where they are at with this disease (at least at the time they made this video)
G'day from Australia ☮️😁 You might also like a dude I'm binging Prof Sam Vaknin.... "Toxic families"" a good ep All the best❤
you know it slaps when you come here to take a deep dive into schizophrenia, but twelve minutes in and you're begging him to tell you about the intersection of all global Creole languages
!!!! Love this. This is what office hours are for
I live in Louisiana where dialects abound . Franglais being hugely common .
lolol same
ME!! lol
I'm doing language studies degree and learning about creole languages and linguistics. This is fascinating
I've recovered from schizophrenia. As an engineering student, I never believed in anything spiritual, but being personally afflicted with the disease - I have yet to find a word more accurate to describe the experience than "demonic."
Did you see/hear demons?
Congratulations on your recovery, I hope you are still well!
That's because it is demonic
Yea it is. What I don’t get is when I was prescribed adderall in high school after a week I couldn’t sleep so a friend who was bipolar gave me a 25mg Seroquel which they use for schizophrenia and oddly enough it made me hear someone whispering my name behind me audibly. It was really scary and than I literally saw a hole in the wall. I fell asleep because I had no tolerance but once I fell asleep I got sleep paralysis and saw that same hole in the wall along with a shadow being crawling through it. I know for a fact I was awake when I heard those voices and first hallucinated that hole in the wall but but this sleep paralysis eventually lead to this shadow dude coming up to me and trying to get inside of my body. I somehow was able to manifest a glock in that half awake half dream state and it leaped across the room to take cover behind a recliner. I guess I than fell farther back to sleep because I couldn’t move completely just enough to slide off the couch like melting rubber or slime. It was hard to move but I could just very slowly...than I realized my physical body was still on the couch. I was than able to fully move freely once I saw that my paralyzed body wasn’t holding me back and shot at the being until I finally hit him in the head. I laid back in my body and woke up. Idk how a dream bullet could kill a demon that wasn’t even in the 3D plane of existence so maybe I just scared it away but yea antipsychotics are supposed to do the opposite of make you hear voices. People who stay up too long on meth start seeing those shadow beings while they are awake. I was only taking adderall and I slept one hour a night that week so I wasn’t 100% sleep deprived I didn’t even have anxiety or psychosis I just desperately wanted sleep.
@@buzzl1ghtyear400 Jesus.
My father was a paranoid schizophrenic. When my twin sister and I were just babies my father put us out in our twin stroller into the winter cold because we wouldn't stop crying . We were found outside by friends Imagine children having no understanding that the father is sick and has unnatural thoughts. When all we need is love and attention. But my mother always told us he was an alcoholic. Imagine my confusion to this day. I'm 46
I find it hard to understand non violent schizophrenia, because my father was a violent schizophrenic who physically abused me as a child. I'm pretty worried about my risk of passing it on to my own children :/ I wish we had a better comprehension of what we can do to stop schizophrenic people suffering
One of those professors whose every word is like a pearl and every lecture an enlightenment.
S
23:14 is when Schizophrenia lecture starts
Jose Monteverde thanks
Jose Monteverde RESPECT!
Jose Monteverde Thank You
Jose Monteverde Don't skip the language stuff, though, it's intriguing.
+Jose Monteverde you the real MVP
Listening to Dr. Sapolsky is mesmerizing; it brings me back to being read amazing stories in elementary school, hanging on to every word and anticipating the next installment. I feel as though a world of knowledge has opened up. I am so thankful for this amazing content!
I've had three major psychotic breakdowns leading to hospitalization and characterized by periods (though brief) of serious schizo-affective symptoms. This all has happened within the last 5 years of my life. I currently live day-to-day with absolutely no psychotic symptoms. I do have some mood issues and swings typical of PTSD, but otherwise I'm not only functional, but quite averse to irrational thinking. I feel incredibly lucky for this. I'm astonished that my brain still works... not only that, but that I'm getting good grades in university (doing a STEM degree). This isn't a boast, it's just to say that psychopathology is SO unpredictable. A few years ago almost all of the psychs I saw were confident that I would suffer chronic symptoms.
So that was kind of a ramble but maybe some people here would find it interesting. They might also find it interesting that the subtype of psychotic symptoms I was experiencing was... I wouldn't say atyptical, but perhaps insufficiently recognized as distinct. It had the character of paranoid schizophrenia, but without as much of the antagonism. My brain was constantly making meaning connections out of whatever I experienced, and my mind jumped to conclusions about agency and conspiratorial plots therein, but this narrative did not center around me being chased by an antagonist - instead I experienced it as manically positive. It was so exciting that I finally 'realized' that I was some kind of special person involved in some massive conspiracy for heroic purposes.
@@jameshansen8684 I started going through depersonalization after a bad weed trip and I thought I was going crazy. Turned out it was just anxiety, but I did get scared I was developing schizophrenia because I had anxiety, but I realized anxiety doesn’t turn into schizophrenia. I get scared easily at times and I look at this incident as a lesson to my self journey. I want to understand more of my anxiety, cause it’s not benefiting me anymore.
I think there is more awareness now that a lot of psychotic breaks are stress and exhaustion induced and don't necessarily recur. Effective antipsychotics promptly can then be reduced and stopped after six months of no symptoms. This prevents the unpleasant side effects of those from being an enduring illness in themselves.
@@louisehogg8472l more than that we clock them in at 700 days and a hard release, why are they talking to me on this? Gotta be tough.
He speaks with great clarity. I wish I could have taken his courses.
You are
you literally can....here...
What do you think youre doing here? Online courses,
You are doing it, just without the live discussion, grades and assignments. This is much of what college is currently with the pandemic. We are all online.
U kinda do now, sort of. ^.^
I absolutely love these lectures. I learn so much every time, I hadn’t really though about how schizophrenia is a collection of symptoms instead of one condition. I wanna smooch this man for letting his lectures be recorded
@ODD EDDIES ODDIEDDIES OF APPENDICHTOMY what the fuck did i just read.
Calm down…
@@dullknife0490 well now I'm disappointed that they deleted it.
The toughts and the shadows scitzophrenians see are demons. Its sound crasy but i experienced and seen these things in real life also in dreams coz i have them many. I had severe depression and paralasys also sleep paralasys that got of me in seconds by listening reading gospel scripture. I guarantee you that Jesus Christ can fix ur problem with prayer, fasting and devotion. It is written how Jesus casted out demons i tried it and it works coz i had ADHD too and i dont have it anymore. It is also incurable like scitz it works by spirits of fear and lies you cast them out in the name of Jesus Christ and you free of stupid and uncontrolable toughts. There is nothing that is beyond Christ and he is who he says he is. The Messiah.
An earlier poster wanted to tear him down for being arrogant ffs people are attributional and create their own biases butthey just can’t see it
Proffessor giving this lecture should be admired for he is person who can see sad truth about certain groups of people BUT HE DOESNT SCORN THEM NOR HAS BAD FEELINGS. THIS IS PROOF OF GREAT PERSON
My grandma had schizophrenia and was homeless.. treated different & treated like she was crazy! & my mother has it. Praying for the families who have someone you love & was raised by someone with this disease 💗💗. She has paranoia schizophrenia but if you look at her and talk to her she hides it well until she has a episode! She just is very scared to stay home by herself. She’s very antisocial & now I think about it we never went anywhere we stayed in the house. I use to be so scared of my mama when I was little
I was diagnosed back in 2019 and it got me kicked outta the air force. Its insane how he is teaching me things that I have where as I feel misunderstood.
Sorry to hear that. How are you doing now?
kicked ?
@@johnharvey4448 to be more formal I was medically retired. Didnt want to be but I worked with high voltage and heavy machinery, I get vivid hallucinations, and at the time I was first being treated so I was always switching meds, which caused akastegia or however its spelt and drowsiness where id fall asleep standing up. That didn't play nice with my job so I was retired.
Jaden Clark check out dr Peterson on Mikayla podcast talking about meds that causes that condition... SSR meds ...
@@sandbrm7786 Hope you're doing well. Stay safe.
Hey it's been 8 years, we're waiting for the slides!
What slides
@@dumalun8388 slides of the tribes
Hahahaha I read this comment and was like what? Then got to 50:20 and he said it lmao
duma lun at 50:20 he says in 8 years he may get to scanning the slides lol
HAHAHAHAHAHAH! This comment made my day!
My aunt, 67, has been an unmedicated paranoid schizophrenic most of her life. She had an incident around the age of 50 where she was involuntarily committed and one in her 20s. She's only 80 pounds because of years of malnutrition, but she walks 20 miles a day.
My grandmother was diagnosed as schizophrenic and heavily medicated. I learned last year that I was autistic and it's very clear (now that my eyes are open to what autism means) that my father is also. I think that my poor grandmother was just autistic and they just put her in that box because they just saw she thought abnormally. I am really glad you are spreading better information. We have come such a long way woth all of this. I am so grateful
As someone who has been through multiple psychotic breaks, this guy explains and understands this stuff far better than the doctors who were in charge of my care
Do you think people should listen and get to know more about these topics?
@@JustBioBaB Yes I think it is a stigmatized subject, I hope to live to see the day where mentally ill people can be given the care they need world wide. America is in a stage where we just put them in chemical straight jackets for profit instead of allowing them the time and effort necessary for emotional and psychological healing. There is too much that is not understood
The toughts and the shadows scitzophrenians see are demons. It is not desease it is curse. Its sound crasy but i experienced and seen these things in real life also in dreams coz i have them many. I had severe depression and paralasys also sleep paralasys that got of me in seconds by listening reading gospel scripture. I guarantee you that Jesus Christ can fix ur problem with prayer, fasting and devotion. Also Jesus can break the curse coz he is the one who was pinned on tree with which he made himself a curse for us. It is written how Jesus casted out demons i tried it and it works coz i had ADHD too and i dont have it anymore. It is also incurable like scitz it works by spirits of fear and lies you cast them out in the name of Jesus Christ and you free of stupid and uncontrolable toughts. There is nothing that is beyond Christ and he is who he says he is. The Messiah. If anyone interested i can tell you how to cast out demons and freeurself.
Im really sad that your doctors do not understand. I just started working with people that have had psychotic breaks and have schizophrenia and this lecture helps me a lot to understand. I hope eweryone working with people that have had this experience or deal with it ewery day listens to this lecture and learn as much as they can to be able to help better and understand.
I am a mental health specialist. I am working for a docudrama on mental health. Would you be up for a chat?
"animals that start acting schizophrenic get eaten that evening." what a quote.
Man I'm in my first year studying criminology and I wish we had this course at my university. Genuinely interesting concepts, great oration, and solid contextual knowledge provided!
G'day I recommend also an amazing guy re personality disorders Prof Sam Vaknin Esp virtue signalling NPD explains why social workers cops Medicis etc ineffectual want kudos with no commensurate effort....
@@PortraitoftheArtistasanOldDog8cool man
I deleted this from my suggested list 4 times, and it kept popping back up, so I thought I would watch it. I thank you for this message! I thought I wanted to open homeless shelters, and after listening to this message, I am definitely not equipped to handle any of this. Maybe I’ll start a nice boutique or gift store, and donate to important causes! I hope that a solution is found for this condition and Parkinson’s very soon. ❤️
Nice virtue signaling wanda, now go LARP somewhere else
With homeless shelters I think teamwork with clear ground rules is the important thing. Many of the individuals with addictions can be manipulative and with mental illness can be high maintenance. A good team prevents any staff member being overloaded and ensures accountability. Saying that, I couldn't do front line work in that area for that reason. Supporting a few friends with these sort of conditions is the most I manage or volunteering in milder mental health settings.
Felt good pretending like I went to Stanford for an hour 😅
with no student loan to pay off until you''re dead
Me too👍😂😂
Who needs paper
Well… you kind of did… right?
@@heaven7360 exactly. I got my nursing degree through a community college, and some of my coworkers had $60,000 up in debt. Both RN’s, and I paid off my loans in a couple years. I was making as much as they were too... actually a bit more, as I had started before some of them. If people can get away from the social conditioning of a certain prestige university connection...and do it smart...much can be achieved for less.
Is this going viral or something? I don't know why it was recommended but this is dope
In Spanish it’s El dopa
@@thedrj2009 la dopa?
@@scharpmeister la dopa doesn’t fit the joke man!
@@thedrj2009 just made it far enough to get the reference 🤣
@@scharpmeister lmao
Please stop bashing R.D. Laing. He was a genius and a true hero who did not 'romanticise' or 'idealise' schizophrenia, but who really listened to people with psychosis. Everyone deserves to be listened to, no matter how seemingly strange their worldview might be. "The Divided Self" by R.D. Laing is an incredible book, by the way.
As someone with schizoaffective disorder, it definitely is different for everyone. My view of the world shaped by the way my brain works is going to certainly be different from another person with the same illness. I find that it’s a depression to the point of normalcy. The thoughts and machinations that come with it no longer bother me. Yet I also feel a constant terror, like I’m being watched by something that wants to get me, but never will.
That's unique, I feel a sense of impending doom as if at any moment I could lose my mind. However, I've only had one serious psychotic break from reality and one or two minor ones which is was able to quickly recover from. The thing that gets me the most is just that feeling of never being truly present in the world around me. It's as if I'm an outsider looking in through a window.
Plot twist: There are no people in the audience.
This should get more likes. It isn't a lecture, it's performance art
I found it easier if i just agreed with my ex wife that demons were standing next to are mailbox at 3 in the morning.
good one
@@averagejohnson3985 robert is a godamn poet
Damn...nice!
I wish I had this much knowledge. It’s so inspirational and enlightening. People like this are gems, crucial for humanity. Thank you Robert.
This guy is a hell of a lecturer. I could listen to him all day long. This lecture kind of reminded me of some of the quantum mechanics lectures that I took in grad school. Just so dense but also easy to follow.
I am completely floored that this is free to watch on the Internet. Not only is the subject matter completely fascinating but this professor is very engaging and mindblowingly intelligent
My goodness, this is a brilliant video. I've had schizoaffective disorder since approximately 1992. Thanks to medical care and the amazing science behind it I am employed, have friends, sleep ok, an estimate of 3000 artworks finished, 11 solo albums available. Tardive dyskenesia is a bugger though. This amazing man reminds me of Bob Ross, how's that for a tangential flight of ideas? ❤❤❤
what medications and approaches to treatment have come to work best for you?
@@NewWesternFront Antipsychotic medication isn't perfect but it helps. Exercise, good diet but some rubbish food occasionally, laughter. Most important are caring family and friends and the glory of music.
Tardive Dyskinesia must be hard to deal with. I salute you for staying on the meds and working hard!
@@dreyddog19 Thankyou for your kindness ❤
@@lowcostiqchasm3226 what's the medication
I've lived my entire 18 years of life with "schizo-affective disorder," in my eyes I've had depression, PTSD, anxiety, paranoia, among so many other things. I never viewed it as a disease, a curse, or anything bad, I worked off of it. And I didn't start building off it because I knew I was different, I was proud of it. Unfortunately, what drew out my problems and made them worse was the fact that everyone else didn't view it the same way. I genuinely felt ousted from existence because nobody could accept that this is my "normal." You might ask why I would want this over being "normal," why don't you ask an artist why they don't want to live the rest of their lives working 9-5. It's not that I'm better than you, no more than an artist is to a worker. I'm just different. Which apparently is intolerable in this world.
The issue is that you appear to have built your identity out of your disorders. This typically leads to people exacerbating the disorders since they would rather revel in them instead of seeking help.
Twilight Zone , eye of the beholder
Azazel...Is Azazel your SPACE Name ????
@@slit4659 it's the name of a demon who became king and ran Hell in lieu of Satan's return
insight called a disorder by the "ordered" people
His English is so smooth that and the amount of information is just insane , this man is an encyclopedia with this video i finally realized after 25 years that why my thoughts are like this now it all make sense , thanks man
This series is one of the most important things on the internet. Sapolski is a brilliant teacher and lecturer. This is me finally getting through watching the whole series and it took months because some of them i rewatched a few times. So glad for it though and have shared it quite a bit with friends via social media. So good, so much to be gleaned and considered and absorbed in this lecture series. A lot of what Stanford puts out is greatly appreciated and this is some of the best of.
Always thought I wasn’t intelligent enough to understand the complexities of schizophrenia, after this lecture, I decided it wasn’t me, it was past lecturers. Enjoyed this immensely!
Albert Einstein said something along the lines of: if someone can’t speak simply about a subject to someone who knows nothing about it, they don’t know the subject themselves well enough.
did i just watched a lecture on my spare time??
Yes, you did watched.
did you just learnded anythings?
lol
Funny. I watched it as I was falling asleep. Fully awake an hour and a half later...
LMAO
Why did I understand and enjoy every minute of this lecture. Wow.... This man is a true teacher 👏👏👏👏
Mr. Sapolsky's courses are so mind-blowing that I watch them at 15-minute intervals.
"We are more vulnerable to sounds not making sense." (rather than sights...) This single statement shifted my paradigm and will help me help others with so much more efficacy.
I had an aunt who was schizophrenic and Dr. Sapolsky describes her symptoms and the "break" in late adolescence perfectly. That's just what she went through. It is really good to hear this talk on all of this because it has been so mysterious for so long.
The toughts and the shadows scitzophrenians see are demons. It is not desease it is curse. Its sound crasy but i experienced and seen these things in real life also in dreams coz i have them many. I had severe depression and paralasys also sleep paralasys that got of me in seconds by listening reading gospel scripture. I guarantee you that Jesus Christ can fix ur problem with prayer, fasting and devotion. Also Jesus can break the curse coz he is the one who was pinned on tree with which he made himself a curse for us. It is written how Jesus casted out demons i tried it and it works coz i had ADHD too and i dont have it anymore. It is also incurable like scitz it works by spirits of fear and lies you cast them out in the name of Jesus Christ and you free of stupid and uncontrolable toughts. There is nothing that is beyond Christ and he is who he says he is. The Messiah. If anyone interested i can tell you how to cast out demons and freeurself.
Some of the linguistic symptoms of schizophrenia described here are similar to autism--difficulty with abstract understanding, confusion coming from words with multiple meanings.
Wow!.. this lecture has really opened my eyes. I thought I already knew what schizophrenia is. I was mistaken. Thank you so much for sharing. I'll even watch the other videos
I would like to speak like him - short sentences having all the information, smooth transitions. Meanwhile I speak like my FOXP2 replaced by mouse one.
Lol
And they want to tell me that i was the asshole......... its 10500to 1 in their favor nr of unmoral actions
Me too....have always had a hard time speaking my thoughts. Seem to to better at writing.
Just learn how to make good notes by explaining it in a manner that to a stranger could read and understand, keep at it and optimise to minimize word count, next step is get over your fear of public speaking if you have it, best way to do it is with friends and a topic that you know very deeply, then channel that in a more stressful situation once you've got the discipline. You can apply your understanding of notemaking down to your public speaking skills and, with practice, you can eventually do it with the confidence that you know what you're talking about and are ready to overexplain things to people who would not understand the context of the information. Then it's just practice, age and personal development left and that's up to you how far you wish to push yourself. This is coming from an introverted individual so there may be some bias in my approach but I hope you find this and it helps!
@@fumosneedlovetoo I appreciate your contribution and effort to help others who also admire Sapolsky's skills, talent and experience. Public speaking is a sport/art to me. I find your comment comforting. Idk tyvm.
This comment was made 48 minutes into the video. Was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia 5 years ago and have spent four and a half years learning to cope instead of using medication. From one person's perspective, this professor is both very right and very wrong. It is definitely hell, there is no effective treatment, and the sufferer is 100% alone. A great deal of all of the things going through one's mind are nonsense, and he is correct in saying there are many delusions. He is wrong when he says there are no hidden blessings. During periods of lucidity, there are friends and psychologists who tell me that some of the mental garbage my brain produces is profound. One professor encouraged me to write a book. To survive and successfully adapt, the schizophrenic patient must embrace BOTH the accepted reality dictated by our civilization AND the internal chaotic reality that goes on in their minds and only act where both realities converge, because both have delusion and reality. Thus far, it seems impossible the sort out all of it but one is in control of their hands, feet, and mouth and those are the things that do the damage that gets them busted. Modern psychology is disgustingly incompetent when it comes to treating psychotic illness, I don't know about the others. For anyone entering this field, here are two golden rules to impart on any schizophrenic who wants to survive: 1. Don't do anything stupid. 2. Don't believe everything you think. I'm going to finish this video now. Good luck...
Well put! ✨
This is brilliant! Every sentence filled with compressed knowledge. I could follow him from morning to night.
How could you speak 1 hour and 40 minutes this confident and without any speech errors? I wish this man was my teacher.
Why would u have speech errors? That’s ridiculous!
Something tells me this man has ingested mushrooms at least once
HMMMM🤔🧐🧐 what gave you that idea bro??? LMAO!!
@@Isabel-ge1ou This 7:22.
Obv. Sad at his early onset if Parkinsons incoming.
@@joellove6353 ?
@@joellove6353 wat
So I realize it's been 9 years since this was posted, but if anyone's wondering this is the next lecture: kzhead.info/sun/Z7uwcbWpjoeho4E/bejne.html It's on religion, not on individual differences, and I'll never understand why it was excluded from the playlist.
Thank you! In case it's helpful, the ending train of thought of this lecture basically continues at minute 3:00 of the religion lecture.
Thank you!
Thank you!!
It's too divisive so it was Sapolsky's wish not to even record it. :) I am glad it's there for the enlightenment of those who won't be offended.
My fiancé was diagnosed this week. He had an attempt and was taking to inpatient. I’m trying to learn everything I can to be able to support him better. Thank you for this ❤
i am so grateful to live in the age where information like this is accessable for all.
He never says “um”
And it's awesome.
@Jack M got em LMAO
And eleven seconds in and eighteen seconds in
he does like every 10 seconds
27:50 says uh
I practice medicine now, but way back when, i was a double major; Microbiology and Psychology with a minor in Chemistry. I LOVE this professor and his lectures. He makes everything relevant and is so easy to follow. Kudos for publishing his lecture series!!
This was amazingly informative. I've dealt with a range of mental health issues in my life - mainly depression and anxiety to varying degrees but many others too like ADHD, OCD, PTSD, social phobias, eating disorders, substance abuse (it's been a journey). 3 years ago however, I had my worst psychotic break ever and experienced what paranoid schizophrenia is like first-hand. It was without a doubt the scariest and most mind-bending, world-altering thing I've ever gone through. Completely lost my grip on reality, totally deluded, thought everyone and everything was out to get me, believed l I was under government surveillance and that they were using "energy weapons" like microwave technology to read my thoughts and implant new thoughts into my mind, also believed I was demonically possessed and that evil spirits were tormenting me in my fallen state here on earth, I severely isolated myself and had thoughts of persecution 24/7 for months. It was living hell and I wouldn't wish it upon anyone. Totally lost myself and I still haven't fully recovered. The paranoid thoughts and delusions come back occasionally when I'm under a lot of stress and it's just completely changed my life. I'm much more cautious and reserved now, more conservative in almost every way, still very isolated and still don't think I have a strong grip on reality even though I'm "rational and coherent" now. I'm just lucky I had a loving and supportive family to fall back on when this happened to me because if I didn't, I'm sure I would either be homeless or would have done something radical to all the people who I thought were "government agents"... Hands-down *the* worst mental illness I've ever experienced. Absolutely terrifying.
I love this series Im so far from a college student but he makes it so interesting and easy to grasp awesome
It's brilliant that us plebeians can take a whole Standford course online. Thank you , this prof is excellent!
Agreed 🙂
Thank you for saying the truth about this horrific disease, there are no blessings, my brother has it, its the worst of the worst, thankfully we still have my brother with us. but his life has been beyond difficult due to his multiple suicide attempts. he is a beautiful soul very wise, and kind, even though his suffering has been immeasurable
i feel u
God bless your brother,your family, and you 🙏🏼 I hope he finds his way
Keep an eye on him, my brother didn’t make it.
Then why do innocent people like us suffer from this deadly disease
@@Nancy-pc6sf genes
I am very grateful and appreciative for being to have the opportunity to sitin on some of these lectures and intelligent discussions by great professionals and people who are so. Qualified to teach and help individuals like myself gain more knowledge and greater understandings on these subject's of interests. Thank you so much for putting all this information out here. Thanks a million. Bless bless.
Amazing information.No surprise that several young individuals have onset psychological symptoms of schizophrenia due to unfortunate drug use that is prolific in our society. And devastated parents are Heartbroken .