3 Animal Reintroductions That Unfortunately Failed

2024 ж. 22 Мам.
37 830 Рет қаралды

Reintroducing animals in to areas where they used to roam is a great way to undo the damaged that humans have done but unfortunately not all animal reintroductions go well. Some animal reintroductions are unsuccessful and this can be because of many different factors. Animal reintroductions need to be well managed and the reintroduced animals need to be monitored at all stages of the process. In this video i will be going through just a few failed reintroduction as i will be going through 3 animal reintroductions that unfortunately failed.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:58 Muskox In Norway
4:22 Thick-Billed Parrot In Arizona
6:20 Canadian Lynx In New York
Attributions
Muskox images:
Rob Oo
www.flickr.com/photos/1051056...
CC BY 2.0 DEED
Gringer
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 3.0 DEED
Nick Vargish
www.flickr.com/photos/nickvar...
CC BY-NC 2.0 DEED
Mick Thompson
www.flickr.com/photos/micktho...
CC BY-NC 2.0 DEED
Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
www.flickr.com/photos/usfws_a...
PDM 1.0 DEED
Tambako The Jaguar
www.flickr.com/photos/tambako/
CC BY-ND 2.0 DEED
Goral images:
Ed Shaw
www.flickr.com/photos/aidehua/
CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 DEED
mayanming
animalia.bio/red-goral
CC BY-SA 3.0
thibaudaronson
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Muskox skull image:
Hannes Grobe
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Nunivak island images:
Andrea Pokrzywinski
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY 2.0 DEED
Thick-billed parrot images:
Ltshears
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Us...
CC BY-SA 3.0 DEED
Mark Dumont
www.flickr.com/photos/wcdumonts/
CC BY-NC 2.0 DEED
Thick Billed parrot distribution map:
Cephas
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick-b...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Thick billed parrot footage:
Arch McCallum Media
/ @archmccallummedia1292
Carolina parakeet images:
James St. John
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY 2.0 DEED
American goshawk images:
Elon Howard Eaton
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America...
Canada lynx screaming footage:
Sahtu Adventures Inc.
/ @sahtuadventures
Canadian lynx distribution map:
BhagyaMani
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Cephas
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Canada lynx images:
0x010C
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED
Eric Kilby
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CC BY-SA 2.0 DEED
I have edited and adapyed some of these clips and images.
Creative commons licences: creativecommons.org/share-you...
Thanks for watching i hope you enjoyed :)
Sources:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskox
ecologyforthemasses.com/2020/...
www.moskussafari.no/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick-b...
www.nps.gov/chir/thick-billed....
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolin...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_...

Пікірлер
  • "Mission failed, we'll get them next time" ~Ghost

    @chikasnotmadjustdisappoint6266@chikasnotmadjustdisappoint6266Ай бұрын
    • There’s no other way to read it

      @aaronsanders4122@aaronsanders4122Ай бұрын
    • omg this comment is so cringe its sad

      @lag_x@lag_xАй бұрын
  • Well, we had a somewhat curious story. In one of the Ukrainian national parks located in the Carpathians, there was a volunteer program to reintroduce the marmot. 4 animals were released and monitored by scientists. All 4 lived full and long lives, but never bred. After their deaths, it was discovered that all 4 were females. It may sound like an anecdote, but the story really happened.

    @baryonx9463@baryonx9463Ай бұрын
    • Interesting and yet ironic. But still in Romania since the interwar period, we had only 12 exemplaric European Bison(Zimbru). Today we have 160 of Bisons roaming in the wilderness. Also under observation and research, also there where brought a few individuals from Austria,Ukraine,Belarus,Russia,Poland,Lithuania, Germany and Slovakia. Also they prosper in the Romanian reservations in Transylvania.

      @adryannthedefender701@adryannthedefender701Ай бұрын
    • @@adryannthedefender701 random question isn’t a lot of Romania? Wetland and mountains I heard that somewhere.

      @cartooncatboy3009@cartooncatboy3009Ай бұрын
    • @@cartooncatboy3009 Yes Romania has the second largest delta in Europe called Dobruja (Dobrogea).Also 50% of Carpathian Mountains are found in the country.

      @adryannthedefender701@adryannthedefender701Ай бұрын
    • @@adryannthedefender701 yeah, Romania is beautiful any animals you know that are only there

      @cartooncatboy3009@cartooncatboy3009Ай бұрын
    • @@cartooncatboy3009 Not the other guy but from what I remember there are a two species of blind mole rats and the Carpathian Chamois. Also, a ton of invertebrates that are unique to their cave systems. eastern Europe have quite the number of caves with unique ecosystems.

      @An_Actual_Rat@An_Actual_RatАй бұрын
  • The reintroduction of trash pandas to my garbage cans was a complete success, unfortunately.

    @keegandecker4080@keegandecker4080Ай бұрын
    • lol same. They literally made a home in one of my trash cans and are now living there rent-free

      @maevedaly9084@maevedaly9084Ай бұрын
  • Greenland: -Norway do you want Muskox? Norway: -Yes *Proceeds to hunt them to extinction*

    @stkosta2482@stkosta2482Ай бұрын
    • Vikings are cold blooded yo

      @pietropes1322@pietropes1322Ай бұрын
    • Well to be fair that was extremely unique circumstances, WW2 was happening and so many governments were barely hanging on just managing their economy, fighting germany or not getting invaded themselves there was no extra resources for things like that

      @cameronspence4977@cameronspence497719 күн бұрын
  • I lived in Vermont and I think that would be the most perfect place to start reintroducing lynx if they try again. It has a low human population, it’s mostly forest, and there’s an abundant snowshoe hare population

    @maevedaly9084@maevedaly9084Ай бұрын
    • Maine

      @deanfirnatine7814@deanfirnatine7814Ай бұрын
    • Whitetail hunters and your insanely NIMBY farmers will shoot the idea down in a heartbeat tho. New England NIMBYism is crazy and the amount of public land/national parks is slim over there

      @inuendo6365@inuendo6365Ай бұрын
    • incredibly biased

      @LiterallyAllNamesAreTaken@LiterallyAllNamesAreTaken13 күн бұрын
  • Hopefully the thick billed parrot, and Carolina Parakeet can be brought back in the future. Maybe even the paradise parrot too.

    @bonesawmcgraw9728@bonesawmcgraw9728Ай бұрын
  • Let me write a short personal anecdote about muskox. When i was like 10 my teacher laughed at me and said "no", when i said muskox are related to sheep. Yeah, you see why I remember that.

    @Ekergaard@EkergaardАй бұрын
    • Honest mistake as a kid.

      @fuckyoutube1999@fuckyoutube1999Ай бұрын
    • When I was 8 a text book said a bee is an insect not an animal. I said "rubbish" and got sent out of the room. You can see why I remember that 😂

      @brendandarkside1207@brendandarkside1207Ай бұрын
  • Another failed reintroduction is the wild dogs in etosha national park. A pack was introduced there but got destroyed by lions.

    @JurassicWilderness@JurassicWildernessАй бұрын
    • Maybe the dog should be trained to defending themselves or flee from lion and other larger meaner predator

      @prasetyodwikuncorojati2434@prasetyodwikuncorojati2434Ай бұрын
    • ​@@prasetyodwikuncorojati2434Self defense classes would help.

      @pietropes1322@pietropes1322Ай бұрын
    • Yes ojanjima has wild dogs in nambia doing well

      @jedq@jedq24 күн бұрын
    • Good! I hate wild dogs.

      @karlhans6678@karlhans667824 күн бұрын
  • The sea otter on the west coast. Oregon and Washington are devoid of the animal, while Alaska and California have established populations. All efforts to bring the populations together have failed.

    @lowellleland@lowelllelandАй бұрын
  • I really wish the failed reintroduction of Red Wolves in the Smoky Mountain National Park was in this video. There are only 20-22 left in the wild & they are being left to go extinct. There are places like the Ozark National Forest in Arkansas that would be excellent for a reintroduction of this great animal but nobody wants them. For some strange reason nobody seems to care about Red Wolves, especially compared to the Gray Wolf.

    @Ridgeback-@Ridgeback-Ай бұрын
    • The red wolf does not have the same impact in the media as the gray wolf. This is a problem, it reduces the number of people who can fight to save them. And they are still a taxonomic uncertainty, many firmly believe they are just coywolves.

      @Vexio504@Vexio504Ай бұрын
    • @@Vexio504 genetic research shows time and time again that they are older than both gray wolves and coyotes. It really is sad that no one wants them back because here in the southeast, "coyotes" arent even coyotes. they are hybrids with red wolves, dogs, and regular western coyotes.

      @safron2442@safron2442Ай бұрын
  • About a plant, but it does illustrate the problems reintroduction may face... At the botanical garden in Basel, I had an interesting chat with one of the gardeners: they had a program to find an elusive plant at the risk of extinction and cultivate it. I forgot its name. It used to be fairly common before farming became industrialized, rivers became straightened, swamps drained, etc. It doesn't do well in rich soil, and requires either grazing or human activity to prevent larger plants from taking over. However, it does well in moist and stony soils. So step one was already very hard: find the plant and enough of it to start a cultivation program, but they eventually found enough of them. Step two was to study it in terms of how to cultivate it in captivity and find suitable environments for releasing it. This was equally challenging. Then, they had to find a place that isn't overfertilized, is unlikely to grow large plants, gets too dry and shouldn't be disturbed too much by humans. They found a few spots and negotiated with the owners of the land. It all went well, or so it seemed... However, when they came back to inspect the area, all the plants were gone! The original area they found it had been subjected to construction projects and the places they had been reintroduced had been devastated by lawnmowers! Not just any lawnmowers, mind you, nope, the terrain was too unwelcoming for that and humans can't even work there without being secured by a rope from further up! Why then pay specialized to cut down plants? Well, some officials felt that the weeds were an eyesore when driving past and thought that they wanted a clean-looking environment next to the streets... Now, think of all the tax money and man-hours of work that got burnt... This is BTW something that pisses me the F off in general: we can't even do our gardens as we want and HOA will declare edible plants as unsightly weeds or a pond attracting wildlife has to go because of mosquitos... Then, even places humans rarely spend any time besides driving past as fast as they're legally allowed, they still have to drain all water and cut down all plants!

    @edi9892@edi9892Ай бұрын
  • LA and San Diego host populations of endangered red-crowned amazon parrots. They take advantage of the trees and bushes people planted in the cities and are not considered harmful to local species. Beautiful birds.

    @natquesenberry6368@natquesenberry6368Ай бұрын
    • Kinda ironic if they actually thrive well in place where they're not supposedly living in. Same with Javan sparrows that pretty rare in their native island but widespread elsewhere as pet or feral birds

      @prasetyodwikuncorojati2434@prasetyodwikuncorojati2434Ай бұрын
    • @@prasetyodwikuncorojati2434 it is ironic. I did not know about the Java Sparrow. Edit: I like that these parrots are introduced, but not invasive, and don't negatively affect native species.

      @natquesenberry6368@natquesenberry6368Ай бұрын
    • Yup, I can confirm this. I live in SD and have been seeing flocks of these birds for years

      @dannypowell1959@dannypowell1959Ай бұрын
  • we actually have a limited amount of permits available to hunt muskox in Alaska and quiviot made from the hair f muskox is about the finest wool you can get in hats and scarves about Lynx i saw one in a part of Colorado where they weren't supposed to be yet in 2006 they're both tougher and sneakier than you might believe, i hope they're doing well there

    @martykitson3442@martykitson3442Ай бұрын
    • That map he showed of Lynx habitat is not remotely accurate, we have them in the NW as far South as the Southern Oregon Cascades.

      @deanfirnatine7814@deanfirnatine7814Ай бұрын
    • @@deanfirnatine7814🤦‍♂️ those are bobcats maybe do research?

      @cartooncatboy3009@cartooncatboy3009Ай бұрын
  • We're so lucky to have this kind of content for FREE, so thank you!

    @maxwellbarrett@maxwellbarrettАй бұрын
  • When I lived in Los Angeles in the 90s there used to be flocks of the thick billed parrots they are very loud and pretty

    @206beastman@206beastmanАй бұрын
  • Great video Tsuki

    @mrhappy208@mrhappy208Ай бұрын
  • In regards to the muskox, I heard that a zoo in Norway had temporarily taken a female into captivity, had her breed with an unrelated male, and then re-released her back to her herd while still pregnant, allowing for some additional genetic diversity into the wild population

    @ApostleoftheDarkness@ApostleoftheDarknessАй бұрын
  • Elk introduced to KY

    @alvinkraycraft763@alvinkraycraft763Ай бұрын
  • I don't remember the details, but there was a case where they attempted to reintroduce African wild dogs in an area where they had gone extinct, but the pack was slaughtered by lions

    @samrizzardi2213@samrizzardi2213Ай бұрын
  • I believe the lynx introduction failed in New York because of prey competition with not only coyotes but mostly bobcats

    @alexhosler7753@alexhosler7753Ай бұрын
    • Aren’t there wolves in New York?

      @jancyvargheese5351@jancyvargheese5351Ай бұрын
    • @@jancyvargheese5351 there are not

      @roguemanoutdoors@roguemanoutdoorsАй бұрын
  • Imagine hearing the Canadian lynx at night time and not know what that sound is.

    @joshc441@joshc441Ай бұрын
    • I have a feral cat colony in my neighborhood. For me it's just another Saturday night during breeding season.

      @YochevedDesigns@YochevedDesignsАй бұрын
  • That Canadian lynx sounds like me when I'm' working on 10 things at once and a coworker brings me yet another thing to work on.

    @OscarSchneegans@OscarSchneegansАй бұрын
  • Another one for New York, is that NY was one of the first states to try and bring back elk to the east coast of the USA. This was in the 50's and just like the lynx the project was mismanaged with all the elk either dying from disease or being poached. Now the state is working with the Seneca nation to bring bison back to the state's south western part. Only time will tell if that is also a failure or not.

    @roguemanoutdoors@roguemanoutdoorsАй бұрын
  • Please could you produce an episode on the Ivory Billed woodpecker. I believe that it was last seen in Arkansas. Thank you.

    @ibnewton8951@ibnewton8951Ай бұрын
    • There have been peer-reviewed articles published recently (in the 2020's) of Ivory-Billed Woodpecker survival in Louisiana and possibly Arkansas and other southern states. Many professional and amateur ornithologists (including myself) believe they're still alive.

      @AnimalsVehiclesAndMore@AnimalsVehiclesAndMoreАй бұрын
    • Some one properly got photo in 2023 and watch extince or alive im sure it still out there

      @jedq@jedq24 күн бұрын
  • Those parrots look like the wild parrots around LA. Probably a different species but there's a ton in the trees around here

    @CheerfuEntropy@CheerfuEntropyАй бұрын
  • About 25years ago 1500 elk were released in KY they now have about 25000 and they are repopulating many near by states.

    @alvinkraycraft763@alvinkraycraft763Ай бұрын
  • One failed attempt to reintroduce an extirpated species were Caribou in the U.S. state of Maine in the 1980s.

    @phantom1701@phantom1701Ай бұрын
  • Good video

    @TravisWillden888@TravisWillden888Ай бұрын
  • The Red Wolves of eastern North Carolina...... 🐺♥️🐺 Wished that someone would come up with an idea to bring them back from CE....... Thank you for sharing with us. Just started watching your channel a few videos ago today. Will now subscribe to your channel. Hope you and everyone here has a Safe Blessed and Wonderful day ♥️♥️♥️🐺♥️♥️♥️

    @angeladerby2513@angeladerby25138 күн бұрын
  • It's often the top predators that disappear first, but to reintroduce they need the other animals to be there in numbers to feed them .other animals can fill a void as well like deer did in NewZealand replacing a bird the Moa ,opening up the native bush

    @chrislester4878@chrislester4878Ай бұрын
    • You really think deer are remotely close to be an ecological proxy for moas? 😂

      @miquelescribanoivars5049@miquelescribanoivars5049Ай бұрын
  • "What do we do,there is nothing we can do.😔" - Napoleon.

    @JohnWoodsEdits@JohnWoodsEditsАй бұрын
  • Make a vid about the smallest crocodile species pls

    @Fang_Janet@Fang_JanetАй бұрын
  • One species I could think of is the Black grouse in the Netherlands

    @RUBPROMAL@RUBPROMALАй бұрын
  • I really hope this doesn’t become a story in the future, but as of right now, it’s kinda looking like the Colorado Wolf introduction might fail eventually.

    @R0yalKai0@R0yalKai0Ай бұрын
    • They should be fine if left alone, Colorado has a higher elk population than Southern Oregon and wolves are doing fine here.

      @deanfirnatine7814@deanfirnatine7814Ай бұрын
    • @@deanfirnatine7814 True, I have no fear for their survival when it comes to their hunting opportunities. Colorado may be the best or at the very least top five when it comes to states in the US for that. My biggest concern is the recent farmer who had livestock killed due to a Wolf attack here in CO. If that continues, farmers would likely resort to poaching the Wolves; therefore, ending the reintroduction process for them.

      @R0yalKai0@R0yalKai0Ай бұрын
  • Instead of the thick billed parrot, Arizona now has feral lovebirds.

    @DogFoxHybrid@DogFoxHybridАй бұрын
    • To @DogFoxHybrid Rosy-Faced Lovebirds have lucked out in Phoenix. Gila Woodpeckers chisel out a new nest hole each year in Saguaros, and that provides nesting spots for lovebirds. The weather is warm like in Southern Africa, and people provide food and drink for them.

      @RCSVirginia@RCSVirginiaАй бұрын
  • first awesome video

    @elliotleawmoe5493@elliotleawmoe5493Ай бұрын
    • please pin

      @elliotleawmoe5493@elliotleawmoe5493Ай бұрын
    • ​@@elliotleawmoe5493 #nonecareslilbro

      @stevee3@stevee3Ай бұрын
  • Could you please cover the cheetah introduction India

    @lightzilla8421@lightzilla8421Ай бұрын
  • Tsuki Iove yuor video a bout animal that exting to doscoverd

    @Nebula_Moon@Nebula_MoonАй бұрын
  • Such a shame that the lynx reintroduction in the Adirondack Mountains of New York failed. I lived close to New York well New Jersey honestly and I would loved to see a wild lynx in person. I do believed that the lynx deserves a second chance in the Adirondack Mountains ⛰️. 🙏🏻 🐱

    @alexismartinez8343@alexismartinez8343Ай бұрын
    • I think the lynx should be reintroduced to Vermont first because the state has a low human population and is mostly forest. There’s also a great snow shoe hare population. I’ve lived there for a while and it would be a great place for the population to start blooming

      @maevedaly9084@maevedaly9084Ай бұрын
    • I live in Lynx country, you almost never see more than tracks

      @deanfirnatine7814@deanfirnatine7814Ай бұрын
    • @@maevedaly9084 The ADK has a lower human population and is more protected than anywhere in VT. The reason it will fail if tried again is the temperatures that have been occurring in the area in the past 15yrs. It won't be tried again.

      @roguemanoutdoors@roguemanoutdoorsАй бұрын
  • Im shocked that you didn't cover Hawaiian Crows failed reintroduction‼️🤔 It's one of the most well known because we've tried multiple times, all failing and it's *very* well documented because each crow was given a GPS tracking anklet! That's why we know *exactly* what happened to most of them 💯 With the population being 100% captive a few just failed to find food/thrive, a few were shot or hit by cars, but *by far* the biggest issue is that most of them got eaten by _their only_ major natural predator the Hawaiian Hawk‼️ The Hawaiian Hawk is _the only_ native raptor on Hawaii and has been the main reason for every reintroduction failing 😳

    @EmpressOfExile206@EmpressOfExile2067 күн бұрын
  • After listening to the call of that lynx, my thought is that we probably shouldn't bring them back. 😂

    @Statsy10@Statsy10Ай бұрын
  • I wonder if the Thick Billed Parrot woukd do better in California? There's several species of feral parrots that are thriving there

    @inuendo6365@inuendo6365Ай бұрын
  • i wanna say the african cheetah in kuno nationa park in india?

    @aaaydenwetsell@aaaydenwetsellАй бұрын
  • 4:42 I can't imagine a parrot tasting any good 😵‍💫

    @albatross4920@albatross4920Ай бұрын
  • The San Diego Zoo is one of those institutions redeeming the mixed world of zoos.

    @thokim84@thokim8428 күн бұрын
  • Reintroducing certain animals is not always with good result. Large areas of New York, and New England are overrun with bear and now mountain lions or cougars, as some people call them. They are predators that have killed pets and a number of people. Proximity to people has attracted them to feed on human’s trash. Areas are now too built up to allow a hunting season to cull them. On Long Island, NY, the deer have bred out of control as well. They cause car accidents, eat up people’s landscaping, even eat the bark off of certain trees, resulting in the trees’ death. Very few areas are large enough for hunting and there have been incidents of property damage and two instances of accidentally shooting humans. #with wild turkeys. A woman had an arrow shot through her thigh by man legally bow hunting in a legal area, but the arrow flew into her backyard where she was innocently gardening. Yes, people in rural areas do need to educate themselves, but it’s messed up when a bear charges at your children in a gated suburban community in NJ while standing in their driveway waiting for the school bus. All I can say, is that if a wild animal appears on my property and appears to be a danger, one of us will die, and it wont be me, or my children, my parents, or my domestic pets.

    @mariekatherine5238@mariekatherine5238Ай бұрын
  • 6:40 just cute LOL

    @gameseduard6466@gameseduard6466Ай бұрын
  • Love Arnie. He's a good boy.

    @edbarnhart6648@edbarnhart6648Ай бұрын
  • Uploaded 49 seconds ago

    @Atlas__00@Atlas__00Ай бұрын
    • I see your uploaded 49 seconds ago and raise you a "no views"

      @PsientistG@PsientistGАй бұрын
  • We should put grizzlies back in California i mean its on their flag but its not actually in the state anymore.

    @thecrazymodder7382@thecrazymodder738220 күн бұрын
  • I domesticated a musk ox. I named him Elon.

    @teejay6063@teejay6063Ай бұрын
  • cheetah reintroduction in india

    @prajjwalchaudhry9277@prajjwalchaudhry9277Ай бұрын
  • The video was sick but it was not a pro

    @aqilbhawoodien4603@aqilbhawoodien4603Ай бұрын
  • Your map on the Canadian Lynx habitat is not accurate at all, we have lynx in the NW US always have and still do. Biggest reintroduction failure is the Red Wolf in the Southern Appalachians.

    @deanfirnatine7814@deanfirnatine7814Ай бұрын
    • No, you do not stop making up stuff those were probably miss identified bobcats get a life besides spreading lies I’ve done research and that’s false

      @cartooncatboy3009@cartooncatboy3009Ай бұрын
    • Those are bobcats. I’ve done some research and everything says that’s not true.🤦‍♂️ there are Canadian lynx in Washington

      @cartooncatboy3009@cartooncatboy3009Ай бұрын
  • I'm in the conservation field in Hawaii & it's an endless source of frustration that useless PhDs at San Diego Zoo are put in charge of the fates of so many endemic forest birds when they have a *horrible* trackrecord with reintroductions. Within the last 20 years they totally botched three major reintroduction/captive breeding attempts which left the Kiwikiu & Alala critically endangered. Can't believe these complete smoothbrains are still mucking around with impunity; they should be required to collaborate with other zoos or breeding programs.

    @bustavonnutz@bustavonnutzАй бұрын
  • ❤️💖 I do believed that these beautiful 😍 magnificent Thick billed parrots 🦜 to be reintroduced in North America again. I found some potential reintroduction sites like the Sequoia National Park in south California, Gila National Forest in Arizona and New Mexico, the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, Zion/Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah and even Big Bend National Park in West Texas. They can also be reintroduced there. 🦜🦜🦜🦜🦜 🌳🌲🌵🌾🌿🍀☘️🍃🍂🍁🌱🪴⚘️🪻🌷🌼🌻🌺🥀🌹🏵🪷🌸💐🏕🏜🏞🏔⛰️🗻🌎🇺🇸🇲🇽 😃😀😄😁😊😉 👍🏻 💖❤️

    @alexismartinez8343@alexismartinez8343Ай бұрын
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