Make Potassium Chlorate by Electrolysis - The Basic Guide
In this video we show how to make potassium chlorate from potassium chloride by electrolysis.
For the anode, carbon, platinum or mixed metal oxide works best. For the cathode, almost any metal can be used but titanium is preferred.
The electrodes are simply inserted into a solution of potassium chloride salt and a current is passed through. The anode is the positive connection while the cathode is the negative connection. The current should be adjusted to match the surface of the electrode. For carbon that's around 40ma/cm^2, for platinum 300ma/cm^2, for mixed metal oxide 200ma/cm^2. You can use less current for lower heating and wear but the production will take longer.
The electrolysis must be kept in a well ventilated area since it produces hydrogen gas as well as small amounts of chlorine gas.
As the reaction progresses the potassium chlorate will precipitate our and the potassium chloride will be depleted. This has the overall effect of lowering the solution concentration. Every so often the salts must be topped up. Saturated potassium chloride solution has a density of 1.16g/mL. I recommend adding more potassium chloride salt when the density drifts below 1.1g/mL
I ran my cell for 40 days but you can run for as long as you like. But i recommend stopping and processing your reaction before your electrodes are more than 30% submerged in solid potassium potassium chlorate.
Simply remove the electrodes and filter the cell contents to obtain large crystals of potassium chlorate. For greater yield you can boil the supernatant to disproportionate the potassium hypochlorite and squeeze out a few more percent of product. This is optional though and not necessary if you intend to reuse the solution in future runs.
If you wish to have finer crystals of potassium chlorate, you can recrystallize the potassium chlorate from boiling water at a ratio of 60g of potassium chlorate per 100mL of water.
total yield for my runs at 2A current for 40 days is 705g or 48%.
Related videos:
Making potassium chlorate from bleach: • Make Potassium Chlorat...
Fake platinum electrode:
• Video
Chemists lights a barbecue with potassium chlorate:
• How a Chemist Lights a...
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): / nurdrage
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
Where i got my Platinum anodes:
www.amazon.ca/TWL-Platinized-...
Recent reviews and commentors suggest the platinum anodes in the above link may have been replaced with fake ones. If you do buy them, test them right away and return immediately if they are.
Social media links:
Twitter: / nurdrage
Instagram: / nurdrageyoutube
This video a reupload of an older video that youtube took down. You are not hallucinating. I set it to not publish to subscriber feeds since you already saw it.
Hey when are we getting new vids rely bored at home 😭😭
@Leon Cambionz Sometime between now and the end of the time.
thanks for narrowing that down. ill be waiting
@@NurdRage hahaha sounds like a solid plan, thanks for being specific 🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂
Why did they take down the old upload, and how is this one not going to suffer the same fate.
Still a favorite of mine, I will watch it again without hesitation.
Gabriel Gray I’m proud of you, thank you unknowm human living
@@Peter-fo7md 🤣
Thank you so, so much for this video. This is like finding a treasure after sesrching it for 10 years. The explanations are perfect and you give such nice information!
This video was shows between subscribers channel today. Not 15.1. 2019. Most informative video from all, about chlorate cells. On entire KZhead. Perfect description what is important and what not. Incredible quality of explanation of all parts of process. Thanks for sharing. Downloaded.
Bro im using 12volt 3 amp electric source and lead electrods for100 ml water and (odium salt 50 gram) will this electric source heat up the salt electrolysis solution to 70c or around if worked for 4 hours
I am proud of the work you do. I hope that your future experiments continue to educate and inspire people.
Dude,you are one cool nerd, I'm nowhere close to your skills,your ability to teach in laymans terms make it easy to follow,and understand
Looking forward to the advanced cell. Thank you for your videos.
Very good idea on how to reduce crystal size ! While purifying a bit...
I clicked on this just to know what Potassium Chlorate actually did, kinda cool that you can make rockets with it. Great vid and lots of information, well done!
Yeah it’s a cool chemical. You can also make flash powder, high explosives, other explosives, fuse, flares etc with it. It’s really versatile
Excellent video. Well done !
This video is legendary nice work
its a amazing journey. I am considering to repeat it to get the perchlorate since the year end is coming , and a fire work is necessary.
This is very cool!
You are a dangerous man. Subscribed haha!
Good job!
It would be really cool to see a video about the conversion to Sodium Chlorate with tartaric acid and the science behind it
lead dioxide is not "exotic" imo. If your interested in making one, you can just buy some fishing sinkers, melt them down with a blow torch, cast the resulting liquid lead into the desired shape, and pop it in a normal hydrolysis to oxidize a bit. works like a charm and gives you a super cheep, readily available hunk of metal which wont degrade instantly in the highly corrosive conditions :). great video btw, really enjoy your content!
This was my favorite science experiment I did as a kid. It was the first project I did that truly taught me how related all the branches of science are when you get down to the nitty-gritty of things and I just loved that. If anyone needs potassium chloride let me know. I have a huge 40lb bag of KCL so am happy to ship out to anyone who needs some for just the cost of shipping.
snowdaysrule2 have you ever tried perchlorate?
I would like it,... just to have a taste of it. LOL
I want the potassium chloride userjonross@gmail.com
@@fredluden2298 I haven't. I've only used graphite electrodes extracted from 6v lantern batteries. I just purchased some mmo electrodes to try this experiment with a different type of electrode but unfortunately they're no good for perchlorate production.
@@snowdaysrule for perchlorates you need a platinum coated titanium electrode. Be careful there are a lot of fakes
thank you Nurdrage, couple questions..you recommended potasium dichromate to mitigate but at what amount in this example? also what would be the resultant side reactions and be a good method for removing them from the final product?
Funny that this is the most viewed chemistry video I've seen until now! Well, as an oxidant, chlorate is very efficient. Be careful!
Hi NurdRage. I love your movies. On this one, you mention you'll make a more efficient and smaler cell. Is there a vidio of that ? Greetings !
Nice! I was also stuck in the 50% current efficiency range with a 4 liter KCl cell (graphite anode, stainless cathode) until I added about 100 grams of sodium chloride to the electrolyte, which pushed current efficiency over 80%. It's not totally clear why they help, but at 116pm, sodium ions are notably smaller than the 152pm potassium ions, so some steric effect seems plausible. Sodium chlorate is much more soluble than potassium chlorate, so the sodium ions just keep getting recycled with the electrolyte for as many batches as you like.
Orion Lawlor interesting. With a pure KCl cell of 1.5 liters my current eficiency is around 63%. That is with MMO anode and titanium cathode. My cathode is a little too big, I will probably reduce its size to see if it improves eficiency.
stamasd how do you know what size to make your anode?
did you try sodium bicarbonate?
I just used a 1-ounce platinum bar for this process! Surprised at how clean the bar came out without any corrosion.
من اين حصلت عليه
If you let it run longer using sodium chloride, you'll end up with perchlorate because of the platinum, which is way better for pyrotechnics than chlorates
Thanks!
Thank you
Great video. Would this process work with sodium chloride to make sodium chlorate, would the pH have to be controlled more tightly? Thanks.
One thing you can do with graphite electrodes is jacket them with a porous ceramic or even a coffee filter, that will contain the particles. If you're not interested in thay much work then you can just allow the particulate contamination and add a binding agent that will clump to insoluble particles, then mechanically fister the solution. Both of these add an extra step so it's up to you if its worth the effort.
Have you tried covering them with a cofee filter? Does it really do the job?
@@simon.scurtu i haven't, theres a possibility that cellulose may not tolerate the caustic conditions of the cell, but its one of the cheaper and readily availble options so it its worth a shot. If for whatwver reason a coffee filter wouldn't work, one can use fiberglass webbing like what is used for fiberglass repair.
@@nunyabisnass1141 what about the porous ceramic option then
@@simon.scurtu im not aware of any specific material of porous cermaic, but fiberglass webbing is essentially the same thing. Ive seen such cells that used terracotta pots to act as a porous ceramic, but if you're just trying to control the particle contamination shed by the graphite, the simplest with the least amount of effort with a high chance of efficacy would be the fiberglass.
@@plebestrian9323 i think the point of using graphite is that its so much cheaper than titanium eletrodes. Certwinly if one was serious about the purity and longevity of the set up, titanium and mmo's are the way to go. One thing i didnt think of in the op was that with durable and jacketed electrodes, crystal build up on the electrodes is invetiable, so you'd want the coating to be abke to resist some maintenance. I like your solution because its pretty much a hybrid between graphite and mmo's. My personal thought is if the one can apply the heat to decompose something like manganese nitrate, it might not be a terrible idea to add a minute amount of silica to bind it together in at kiln temperatures, hoping the oxide doesnt melt either. You might not have any graphite left as it converts to co2, but if you can control the oxygen in say like in an inert atmosphere (expensive) or sacrifice the graphite core, the metal oxide shell left over can still serve as a sleeve. But if one is going that far, they may as well just buy the right equipement from the beginning, unless they imtend to sell them on ebay as cheap alternatives.
hey thats my listings there, at 5:32 on ebay, the listings from australia. Also, some details you missed; the precipitating crystals on the anodes cause MMO to flake off from the force of crystal formation as well as the crystals being embedded inside the MMO layer, so any crystals on the anodes reflect damage. for this reason its VERY important that 3 conditions that need to be avoided. 1; letting the anodes rest on the very bottom of the cell where crystals can directly creep up. 2; temperature fluctuations and full cool-downs with the electrodes still submerged. Ive been told by more experienced chemists that whenever they need to shut the cell off they immediately remove the anodes. Apparently theres also some issues with reverse current when power is removed which damages the anode over a long period of time too. The 3rd condition is simply, allowing the cell to run for extended periods of time with crystals. One method recommended to me was to get titanium wire and run it directly below the anode, the subsequent hydrogen bubbles which far exceed the oxygen produced, keep the anode clean. bubbling air under the anode or adding a stirring mechanism also helps too. When you make a better video it would be great if you can show the currently poorly documented method of improving efficiency by adding small amounts of hydrochloric acid to replenish lost chlorine ions.
I heard another comment suggesting adding a small motor on the anode which would vibrate it and shake the bubbles and any crystals off. Would that work? Maybe to save powder instead of having it constantly on you could have a timer so every hour or something it vibrates for a minute or so,
@@TheFireGoose that could work, although it would also facilitate salt creep and speed up how fast you wind up with bleach at your anode connector. that said, a phone vibrator motor would be more appropriate than an actual motor
Awsome vidéo, when you are filtering, are you using distiled water or you are using the the same solution from the cell? Got comfused!
Does the surface area of the cathode have to be smaller than the anode? I'm asking more if it does have a large effect on the rate of reaction.
Question, sir, what about tungsten electrodes, perhaps like the ones you use for TIG welding? I wonder if an array of those electrodes would be resistant..... perhaps cheaper than the others, but then again, not much surface area.... wonder if a little grid of them welded together would do a good job......
Could a hydrometer be used to measure the density and judge when to add more potassium chloride to the cell as needed 12:30 ?
+NurdRage you could probably try putting a small vibration motor on the anode. I'm not sure if it will interfere with the reaction or not but it will probably keep crystals from forming in thick layers on the anode or will at least break them off.
And wouln't it also readily remove bubbles allowing for a more exposed surface?
Awsome vidéo, what is your ratio to start with? Water/ potassium chloride?
@ NurdRage what happens if u surround a carbon electrode with a diaphragm like in batteries... will that maybe prevent the electrodes to pollute the solution?
The hot ice video is no longer available on your channel as well, but some people have uploaded it onto other sites.
aresome men, keep going
Can the platinum anode be replaced by a titanium anode and a stainless steel cathode? help please thanks
Very similar to producing sodium chlorate. Would like to see your process for this...
Hello , please if possible then make informative video on how UV ☀💡 light curiable ink work
NurdRage could you please show us how to make potassium perchlorate via the double displacement method, making sodium perchlorate first then adding potassium chloride to convert to potassium perchlorate. I'd love to know how many mols of potassium chloride is needed to do the sodium perchlorate to potassium perchlorate conversion?? Thanks love your videos so much!! Chemistry is so much fun!! sometimes mind blowing!!👍
Hello, greetings everyone, I have the complete precise formula to make potassium chlorate, how to make the cells, the quantities of the three chemicals, the temperature of the electrolyte, how many kw, everything to produce a ton, I think there are very few people in the whole world who do you know this? I learned it from a factory in India
was there a yield change/loss in the last water treatment to reduce crystal size?
Where did you buy the MMO mesh? also what's a good source for the titanium?
@NurdRage Nice video as always! :) Would it be possible to modify this setup to instead obtain sodium chlorite (NaClO2) (not chlorate (NaClO3)) from a saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution? Or are there too many side reactions that prevent this? Thanks!
nah electrolysis of NaCl like ethis does not work like that sadly
I think any NaClO2 formed oxidizes to NaClO3
Chlorite can only exist in an equilibrium with chloride too, it's unfortunately out of reach of these types of cells. Should be able to find some on ebay though.
did you ever do a video on the advanced/more efficient chlorate cell?
Are Lead Dioxide coated anodes also possible? i read a research paper about it,
Whoa weird I just watched a video from elementalmaker making this stuff. But whats weird about it is I had the youtube home page open (where this video was loaded) then went to patreon in another tab and watched his video, then went back to the homepage to see this there. Damn youtube alg predicting the future.
Thank you very much Can potassium bromate and potassium iodate be produced by analogy with potassium chlorate? Or is there a difference in the reactions in the salts of potassium bromide and potassium iodide
Not possative about making iodate salts this way but bromate salts can absolutely be made threw electrolysis
You use carbon electrodes for bromate, I'm not sure what's compatible with iodate.
@Amar Amar not really, I mean, you can make chlorates or bromates with a phone charger and the carbon rods from batteries. You don't really need a special power supply like Tom is using. If you can get a charger that's 3-6,v and an amp or two it'll work, albeit slowly.
@Amar Amar what is the use? Pyrotechnics? Electrolysis is easy and costs less than £20 to do
@@kieranodea771 Thank you very much my dear brother
can i use a Titanium electrode?
Hi NurdRage, What do you use as a power supply set up and cables?
current controlled stepdown converter. the cables were just copper cables which were destroyed in the process.
Have you posted the video of an advacnced cell that produces potassium chlorate at greater rates with even higher efficiency in a smaller space? I just watched this today and cannot find this video if you habe already posted.
What should be the filter media for it who don't have a sintered lass filter?
Hi there,what did u use for power source?
Our supplies of salt have potassium ferrocyanide as an anti-caking agent in them (I have to use low sodium salt and crystallise the KCL out); when I run the cell, it accumulates a dirty brown sludge, presumably from the ferrocyanide. I'm using a Pt coated anode, so it's unlikely to be anode deterioration. Is this sludge harmful to the reaction or can I ignore it and filter it out at the end?
Where can I buy a titanium strip like the one in the video? I can't find it anywhere
Hey! Do you have to dissolve the potassium chloride if you got as powder and what do you dissolve it in? Also, can the bought product have any contamination like cake agent?
Can I use sheet of titanium. And what is the dimensions of MMO electrode and thickness of coating of mixed metal on MMO Electrode. Please please tell. I am working on that project.
Hey NR. What about tungsten as anode. Tig welding electrodes. Just curious.
Electrolyzing a solution of KCl with a W anode would most probably make potassium tungstate, or just a precipitate of WO3
CobaltChloride what if use titanium as anone alone? do you think its gonna eat up the titanium quickly? I got alot of titanium plates from my good friend. 😄
So the stirring helps keep the crystal size small, or is that irrelevant?
I played with making mixed metal oxide electrodes several years ago when your videos just came out and I came up with one that I could not destroy no matter how hard I ran it for months at a time and I lost my notes I lost my *** **** notes yeah I'll repeat that I lost my *** **** notes and I have no idea how I made them I cannot reproduce it. They were simply amazing they might as well have been pure platinum
This didn't appear in my sub feed. Also, can we see the oxydation of piperine to piperonal via ozone
It's a reupload
Would tungsten tig welding rods work for electrodes?
Hi, can you make a video on making sodium chlorite please. Also what is the difference of a chlorite and chloride? Thanks for all your vids
you can make sodium chlorite by reacting potassium chlorate or sodium chlorate in HCl or 50% H2SO4 and bubbling the resulting yellow gas into a mix of cold NaOH and H2O2. do this away from sunlight or UV or it will detonate.
I don't have access to those anodes but can I use stainless steel instead ?
One crossed wire, one wayward pinch of potassium chlorate, one errand twitch...AND KABLOOIE
I swear, anything in chemistry can sound like magic if you say it right.
This is why you are a good demoman
Lmao
What makes me a good demoman? If i was a bad demoman i wo-[vanishes]
I just now realized what he meant with that, I feel a bit silly.
So when are you going to build this more advanced chlorate cell we keep hearing about?
So where does the corroded platinum end up? In solution? Precipitated as an oxide?Also, for the carbon electrodes, I think "erosion" would be a better term than "corrosion" Or are you already saying that and I'm just hearing it wrong?
You're not hearing it wrong. There is some corrosion because, it would be an endothermic reaction, to react oxygen with carbon, and electrolysis makes anodes do this at solution temperature, but it's also far more erosion than corrosion.
The exact mechanism depends on the conditions during which the corrosion/erosion takes place. But in the end the platinum will be contained as particles in the solution. The eventual platinum ion will quickly find something to oxidize and become elemental. The amounts are abysmally tiny, though. Nanogram scale!
@@jackmclane1826 you're a genius.
@@garrettlines6628 Is corrosion by oxygen the reason why we're told to keep graphite electrodes below 40 degrees during this? You said it's endothermic, so I'm hypothesizing that at higher temperatures, the endothermic reaction would be favored, leading to higher wear on graphite.
Can it use titanium roade from a medical source,the one it is use to join bones
Can 1 use the titanium as the anode in this case?
Did NurdRage finally make the fountain of youth,said he will be making vids till the end of time, HELL YEAH!!!!!
That or he thinks time will end much sooner
Well wasn't that the ultimate goal of any alchemist, finding the philosopher's stone which can both transmute common metals to gold AND keep one young forever? :)
Hey sir have you an idea to convert Chlorate ion ClO3- into Perchlorate ClO4- ion based on potassium or other metal.
Sir, to make kclo3 by electrolysis, is only KCL added and how long does it take to make it.
What elements other than titanium and platinum can be used in potassium chlorate electrolysis
what do you saturate the pc with to make the solution?
Thanks! Not sure how iridium anything is cheaper than platinum, though.
Looking for electrodes on eBay I see lots of tungsten TIG welding rods, each with different minor ingredient alloys. Are these corrosion-proof in this application?
Nope
If using a carbon rod for the anode, would it work to use a suspended stack of a few coffee filters to separate the anode and cathode sections, layering them vertically with the carbon rod anode above the filters and the cathode on the bottom of the container? Would this be effective at all in keeping the carbon silt separated from the potassium chlorate product?
Maybe if you make the water circulate through the filter so the kcl doesnt get depleted due to poor circulation?
Wow dude, 'cmon this is exactly what I'm doing, I'm making this cell a bit more advanced which will use airlift to help pump the solution to a higher point where a filter awaits, and circulation can occur. very cool. I'll tell you how it goes. I'm also using arduino to control the feed of NaCl by adaptively measuring the conductivity, etc
From my experimenting with MMO cells I found out (and according to some forum articles as source, based on some literature) that raisening temperature to ~~75C i best, because: 1. In higher temperature chlorine generation is practically none, probably is used in situ by the reaction, when in room temperature chlorine smell is everywhere and it makes mess everywhere. 2. Temperature can ban self sustained if you use PC power supply with something like 40-60A capability, higher amperage rise production rate and temperature (Temperature equilibrium is metter of the reaction vessel or putting it in bigger water container to cool it. 3. In higher temperature KClO is fast turned in to KClO3. 4. In my feeling only problem is higher water evaporation rate. 5. Because Cl2 seem not to escape there wasn't need to control everyday the pH of the electrolyte.
Qwertypp10 not exactly my experience but I haven't used the exact conditions from your post. I usually run my cell at 60-65C and have to use a hot plate to keep it at temperature. The source I use only goes to 10A and that's not enough to keep it warm only through the heat dissipated in solution (10A * 5V=50W). There is significant chlorine produced at 65C so I have to run outside. But conversion of KClO to KClO3 does seem to be complete.
@@stamasd8500 I needed only to make the solution hot at start to dissolve the salt, there maybe was a bit of chlorine at start up, but after lets say 1 hour, there was none (~~75C as I remember i exact temperature of conversion of KClO to KClO3) and after while of running you have got enough KOH to "catch in situ" the Cl2 that forms on anode. My setup was 1 liter beaker submerged with some not big amount of water in bowl, it make it stay at right temperature. Of course I used also powerful power supply as above. With all of that I was able to get some decent amount of KClO3 everyday :)
Qwertypp10 I used a slightly bigger setup, a 1.5 liter jar (pickle jar) for which I made a custom lid from PVC because that resists chlorine; I didn't use an external bowl of water but put it on a hot plate to keep it warm (since the 50W dissipated in 1.5l solution only brings it to about 40C). It was generally kept between 60 and 70C. There was definitely chlorine produced but not a lot. I adjusted the pH twice a day with HCl to below 7. Run time each time was 80 hours at 10A. I did not harvest daily but only at the end of the 80h. Very consistent results each time.
To harvest I put the whole jar in a refrigerator for a day, decanted the liquid, washed the crystals twice with cold water and dried. The decanted liquid plus the wash water were put together and boiled until the volume reduced to half then put again in refrigerator for a day, crystals harvested and washed. The leftover liquid was kept to make the electrolyte for the next run.
Testing lead dioxide anode (from battery) will be interesting.
In case I can't find platinum, is it possible to use stainless steel 316, I hope to find an answer.
For anyone wanting to try to make very pure potassium chlorate with things you likely already have at home here's how I would do it. Get some carbon rods from alkaline batteries, use a old phone charger as your power supply (I used 5v 1a), and use sodium chloride (table salt) as your electrolyte. Run the cell until the electrodes have corroded and then take the electrolyte and pass it through a coffee filter. After you have filtered out the carbon add a saturated solution of potassium chloride. It should react with the sodium chlorate to form sodium chloride and potassium chlorate. The potassium chlorate should precipitate out of the solution and can be filtered and dried.
Holy! Thanks man!
How did you use a phone charger? Did you plug it into the wall or did you use a battery with a usb port so you have an off switch?
So would the potassium chloride water softener substitute this entire process?
Gouging rods! Large diameter carbon rods, plated heavily with copper to improve electrical conduction. Strip off most of the copper, keep some for your electrical connection. Take the rods into a vacuum chamber of some sort with linseed oil. Pump out the air and the rods will appear to fizz; this is air coming out of the porous carbon. When air is returned to the chamber, the oil is forced into the carbon. Wipe off the excess linseed oil, then ignore the poor things for a week or so. The linseed oil will polymerize and harden, which toughness the rods considerably. From this point, you know the rest. I was able to get 2 dozen rods made up in one day, each rod was good for 6 or so hours of run-time. I made a LOT of product. I made chlorate AND perchlorate in the same cell; they crystallize very differently. First the chlorate, needles. Then perchlorate, flat prisms-ish. Or was it the other way round? 18 years ago, at least. It's all in the voltages used: 3-6 volts will get chlorate until the KCl is used up. Bump it up to 12-15 volts get make the perchlorate. Dilute the solution a bit to keep the current a low. Ammonium perchlorate is prized in fireworks as it doesn't really color the flame like potassium or sodium salts will. Blending colors in fireworks is hard; red strontium burns quite hot where blue from copper salts needs to be kept relatively cool. So you cool the red and heat up the blue. The cooled down red looks washed out, the overheated blue goes almost white. Deeply saturated bright purple is a treat! The Holy Trinity: Oxidizer, Fuel and Colorant. Amen.
He already mentioned gouging rods in the video... also, you can see the crystals at the end of the video. They look like prisms, so I believe it's the other way round.
I've been doing this for a while and have been using lead dioxide plates that I gleaned out of old car batteries. They contaminate the product but recrystallization takes care of that, and the fine lead dioxide powder is also a great oxidizer for pyrotechnics. However, I have noticed an interesting effect of the plastic container I am using as a salt cup. It appears that by positioning the cup between the electrodes just right, blocking the direct path between them, I can get the reaction to occur on the side of the cup instead of at the electrode itself, as if somehow it acts as a mirror for the cathode. It could possibly cause less degradation too. (that hasn't been determined yet but I'll see)... But the fizzing stops happening at the anode and begins in earnest at the site on the side of the cup instead. What explains that observation? Since the electrodes are not supposed to be part of the reaction, could it be true that it's going on at the cup instead?
Explain to us more
If both cathodes and anodes are carbon rods will it work
Could u use calcium hypochlorite from say pool shock and potassium chloride in a cell like this ?
You actually show there are also other mathods of making KClO3. You could also just capture the chlorine gas and lead this to a tube with potassiumhydroxide forming KOCl. Then you could heat this as you just showed and then cool and also getting this stuff.
@nurdrage I bought 99,99 pure potassium chlorate, is that a problem or should I buy table salt?
Can platinum wool be used?
Can you use graphite?
Hello. Can perchloric acid be prepared in the same way?
Oooooh, KClO3. Got any brake fluid handy?heh-heh-heh. Oh, wait FAil. I just noticed the "reupload" in the title. Did they really take the original down? Such silliness.
Nanny state (or nanny corporations) are taking our own safety very seriously.
Why is the yield so low? What do you think some of the reactants went?
Please reupload your older potassium chlorate video and please make the testing of platinum electrode video public.
Did you do the follow up video?
can you use electrodes from car batteries? they also have to withstand corrosive environments
Whats with the video about the advanced cell?
Your electricity costs were, in fact, significantly smaller than you stated. Even if we consider the efficiency of the conversion from 120/240V AC to 12V DC and the efficiency of your buck converter (voltage/current limiter in this case), since it is not a simple resistive dropper, the current and voltage considered should be the ones measured at the cell electrodes and not at the input of the limiter. Since you've set it to the limits of 6V and 2A, your energy costs without considering losses are just half (at most) of your stated value. If you consider the PSU efficiency at about 90% (plausible for small switching PSUs) and the limiter efficiency at another 90% your overall electrical conversion losses stand at 19%, therefore considering the maximum limits you set: (6V x 2A x 24h x 40d) x (1 / 0.81) / 1000 = 14.22 kW.h That, at your - enviably low - energy cost of $ 0.087 / kW.h leaves you with a total of just $ 1,24!
@@Anvilshock "x (1 / 0.81)" is EXACTLY the same as saying "/ 0.81". Go get some coffee.
what about a nickel anode ? and does it have to be a mesh? can it be a plate?
17grams a day isn't too bad at all, and I don't have to watch boiling bleach, score! Haha! I found some of the same anodes for 13.00 here in the US, so I will be sure to update my comment here once validated as the proper thing and a link. Cheers!
please reply to this when you do :)
did you buy online? do you have link?