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What would it mean if effects come before their causes? Today, I have a closer look at retrocausality in general and the Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics in particular.
This paper is a good starting point to learn more about this: arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0508102
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00:00 Introduction
00:25 Space-time Causality
02:46 Interventionist Causality
05:46 Retrocausality and Time-travel
09:36 The Transactional Interpretation
16:51 What does it mean?
17:56 Sponsor Message
Sabine, could you please do a video about Retrocausality?
😂😂😂
She did one yesterday, and tomorrow, but they have only just reflected back to today, in phase.
I saw what you will do there...
Well played
hey, thank you for causing a great video .. I guess 😂
I have not watched this yet but it has already changed my life.
Hah!
I knew this was the best comment before I read it. 😉
Had you will have been looking forward to it? -- Douglas Adams
I didn't see your reply but I'm laughing already :-)
@@neilgerace355 yup 🤘🍻🤘
I'm surprised Sabine did not cite the foremost authority on retro-causality - the White Queen: 'I don't understand you,' said Alice, 'It's dreadfully confusing!' 'That's the effect of living backwards,' the Queen said kindly: 'it always makes one a little giddy at first --- but there's one great advantage in it, that one's memory works both ways' . . . 'What sort of things do you remember best?' Alice ventured to ask. 'Oh, things that happened the week after next,' the Queen replied in a careless tone . . . Alice was just beginning to say, 'there's a mistake somewhere -- ' when the Queen began screaming so loud that she had to leave the sentence unfinished. 'Oh, oh, oh!' shouted the Queen, shaking her hand about as if she wanted to shake it off. 'My finger's bleeding! Oh, oh, oh oh!' . . . 'What is the matter?' Alice said, as soon as there was a chance of making herself heard. 'Have you pricked your finger?' 'I haven't pricked it yet,' the Queen said, 'but I soon shall.' 'When do you expect to do it?' Alice asked, feeling very much inclined to laugh. 'When I fasten my shawl again,' the poor Queen groaned out: 'the brooch will come undone directly. Oh, oh!' As she said the words the brooch flew open and the Queen clutched wildly at it, and tried to clasp it again. 'Take care!' cried Alice. 'You're holding it all crooked!' And she caught at the brooch: but it was too late: the pin had slipped, and the Queen had pricked her finger . . . 'But why don't you scream now?' Alice asked . . . 'Why, I've done all the screaming already,' said the Queen. 'What would be the good of having it all over again?' Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice found there (1872)
Wonder-full, indeed. As much more of a philosopher and logician than a physicist (while quite handy with the math and arguments), i am frustrated by the inflexibility, and irresolution, of these sorts of ideas and explanations. Well, first off, there are never any explanations, really. The whole thing starts to sound like a scientific circle of great Egos vying for recognition in an obscurity of meaningless, mind-numbing "gamesmanship". The simplest concept, for me, turns on a simple, obvious reversal of our terms: One is born into a world imbued with "future" possibilities, while all about, in every conceivable corner, crack, and crevice, there exists evidence of a rich, full, resonant "past". (Yes, I know that this thesis is not directly relevant to an "effect to cause'" inversion argument, but the parallels are more in the nature of "substance" in change as a metaphor for "the arrow of time" conventions, etc.) Of course, this notion of a dualism in the very "direction" of the temporal IS THE WORLD, at the quantum level too; but the theorists have other commitments, and are seriously baffled by much of the mathematics that is literally coming apart right before their eyes. They love their "clock" time, but seem to have invested in the rather disturbing misconception that they have, unconsciously, gotten rid of "lived" time. I don't know: Whatever your position, I am giving up on the convoluted rationality that guides a great deal of this sort of theorizing today. ...Regards
That’s some Tenet shit
Awesome example
Wild
My favourite explanation of causality in English literature.
I was shocked when my philosophy of science professor recommended Lost in Math to the class a few weeks ago. It says a lot about the quality of your work. It’s crazy that we have you, a high-quality resource, explaining these things to us for free on KZhead.
SABBY 🥰
Yes. Unbelievable. 7:23
One of the many wonderful effects your videos has on me is that even when I don’t fully comprehend the topic, you leave me wanting to know more, to better understand, to ask questions. In short, you leave me with genuine curiosity, wonder and awe. These are very precious gifts, Sabine. Thank you.
CHARLIE, IT'S ...." YOU LEAVE ME " ....HWHAT MATTERS IN SHATTERS...
@@aleksandrpeshkov6172 huh?
HWHEN YA CITATE DA ORIGINAL ONE...: " YOU LEAVE ME WANTING TO KNOW MORE "... PLEAAAZE, CHARLIE....AND I AM GOOGY, THE GOBBLEDYGOOK... LOVE
@@carruthers100 ANTI-LAUGHING ,
I believe the future is already written, we may have free will, but it's limited and our future actions help decide what we do today. I have felt this several times in my life. Now this does not reverse cause and effect, but it makes you think...
Another work of fiction that uses a consistent history is the German series "Dark". It does so masterfully in my opinion (even though the intertwinning storylines and characters might get a bit tiresome for some after a while). What I love the most about this series is the fact that certain occurences might seem outright paradoxical at first glance (I won't go into detail as to not spoil it for anyone who hasn't seen it), but are actually perfectly consistent with the structure of time and causality established within its world.
I watched the first season of that. It was good.
I second this! Dark was awesome. It's German too so Sabine can watch without needing subtitles. :)
It was great early. As soon as another world showed up, I kinda lost interest.
@Michael Lochlann yeah. That's what I remember now. It was hard to figure who was who at times.
I love that show
Retrocausality is the same as normal causality, but in older gaming consoles, often with pixel art.
I'm glad you adressed the decay problem of infinitely sending the same object back in time, by replacing the notebook with a new one!
Ahh .. was hoping you'd still do these types of videos! I love the "news" bits you do too, but I was concerned you'd stop doing single topic videos in place for them. Thanks for doing both! And for all of the great work you do.
Topics are Saturdays
This seems to be a common fear among people I've noticed, that they worry a creator won't do their thing if they do anything else.
@@engineeringvision9507 Ahh! Thanks for the info!
Love your sense of humor. Excellent accentuation to such an informative channel.
A show that both haves parallel histories and time inconsistencies is Dark. Love it, my favorite series.
Sabine, I've been watching your videos for years and they're so good. Just heard your podcast interview on Breaking Math and enjoyed it a lot. Please keep putting out the great videos :)
Unlike you my friend, while I watch her videos , I understand absolutely nothing . Respect
@@dy6682 Da bist Du weiter als die meisten! Traurigerweise ist darin so viel Beeinflussung versteckt, Wissenschaft könnte so viel besser sein!
@@hansburch3700 why a comment in 'cryptic' german? Too afraid, someone could prove your statement wrong? As long as I follow this channel, it is the most objective and honest depiction of science, I know. But perhaps you like Doc Sabine's books to read. I recommend. Both available in german now. Or her papers, if you're a math man or working in the fields of quantum mechanics.
Wow, I liked that video about causality. Now I'm going to watch it for the first time.
I appreciate how you can disagree with the interpretation but also admit that it's fine for others to adopt it since it's not contradictory. While I personally prefer Copenhagen for its simplicity, I think we need to think about alternatives until we find something better
Indeed. There is a way of understanding retro causality I write about which makes it the only interpretation which meets all the standards of science-especially parsimony. Thanks 👍🏻
Think we need a model behind 'Copenhagen'. A theory beyond that could lead to new insights and application
Hi, Sabine. Thank you for all your videos!
Wow, I just started watching this. Thank you Sabine for covering this very interesting topic. As soon as I get chores done I'll get back to watching the entire video.
Sabine you explain these topics so well! It is very easy for me to understand, and I’m so happy I found your channel.
Just like your book, you have a very special way of describing complex things beautifully
Right, both books are illuminating un a different way 😊
Man this is why I love your channel, this is totally new to me.
wow this video was information dense! so much to understand. very good video, clear and linear. good job.
Very interesting, thank you Sabine! I worked on this issues and I made two videos on retrocausality, one on "Transtemporal quantum entanglement" and other on "Receiving messages from the future" (both in spanish, sorry)
This video is close to proving an experience I had in my teens and then 20s.
Please, "Lavetore" I need to know what it is that happened.
Premonitory dreams on which you acted and those actions not being possible had the premonitory dreams predicting them not happened? Yeah me too. This taught me that the linearity of time was just an illusion to us. More or less related, I remember some people who believed in the Mandela effect and who believed that it was caused by the "timeline righting itself" and some people remembering the former timeline.
@@Th3BigBoy I was at a night club and encountered two gentleman on the dance floor they looked very familiar to me. I talked to one of them briefly, can't remember about what. But I invited them back to my table where I was with a bunch of my coworkers. I sat down and he put his jacket on the back of a chair and flicked his index finger my way I did the same back. He went back to the dance floor and I followed him and encountered the second guy standing on the dance floor. He said "I swear this has happened before" a couple of times. That's when my mind went🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯😱😱😱😱. Because I had dreamt that whole situation when I was 15. What's even more startling is the other person. Because I think it may have happened to him too.
Thanks for helping demonstrate retrocausality, on Saturday (Australian Time) I was pondering fusion power processes needing to be embedded with AI and QC, then Sunday you posted the Fusion video and today, my favourite topic.
Ihr Englisch ist hervorragend! Im Englischen muss man auch den Konjunktiv verwenden: "Wenn das der Fall waere" ist "If that WERE the case."
The novel Recursion (in german: Gestohlene Erinnerung) from Blake Crouch has another time travel concept: time travel creates a new version of the past and all different versions of the past collapse at the point of departure into a common future because of causality (with consequences). Perhaps you could call it Retro-Superdeterminism. So far this novel has not been made into a movie (sadly, the novel is cleverly written and a nail biter). It also has a physicist as the heroine. You might like it. And of course Heinlein's classic All you Zombies (filmed as "Predestination") for a consistent time paradox enclosed in a time loop.
Sometimes I think God herself has no clue what she has created with all this scientific stuff. Respect
So time travel alters the past in a way that preserves the future?
@@HansLemurson That's not exactly what happens in the novel. The future is changed by the past but it is kind of merged. Therefore the time travelers are instructed to keep the changes as small (as local) as possible. Time traveler also is a bit of a stretch since there is no physical time travel. It's only information that can travel. Like memories. Questions are: What is your biggest regret in your life? What if your former self suddenly would know the outcome of a decision that transformed into your biggest regret because it is a memory of the future? Would you like to have a second chance? I don't want to spoil the novel completely so I want to leave it at that. I heartily recommend the novel.
@@Rechnerstrom That sounds pretty cool!
Have you ever seen a movie that was anywhere near a good as the book? Maybe it's not sad that no movie was made.
Since you mentioned about time travel in science fiction, I’m slightly surprised that you didn’t mention John Cramer is also a science-fiction writer. Seems like an interesting side note, at least.
Thanks for the info. Science fiction written by a real scientist! Its now in my must read list.
Thank you very much, very very informative on so many levels. But let me point out that what stood out for me was the following observation I became aware of while trying to follow all the mental acrobatics about echo waves etc.. It reminded me, without being an "expert" in any (of this) while my interest is growing with time, of the mental acrobatics to which astronomers back in time had to go at length in order to make the observations/ facts fit the theory they had been brought up with or have risen within. To sum up my ramblings by the following quote: If your mind is empty, it is always ready for anything, it is open to everything. In the beginner's mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert's mind there are few. Shunryu Suzuki
Well done Sabine. You got through the video without a mention of "Looper" or "Groundhog Day", and only a sideways mention of "Sliding Doors".
And with unnamed mention of Steins;Gate
I had never heard of this interpretation. I like it a lot.
Because it's baloney, just like the rest.😂
I liked this interpretation too and before I knew about it
I've always really liked the transactional interpretation. Especially since it doesn't arbitrarily throw out half the wave function for being "unphysical" like pretty much every other interpretation of quantum mechanics does.
I think it's the right ansatz, and that the back-and-forward outside physical time should be replaced with something like interference of both timeflows that both happen "simultaneously".
Imagine you shine laser pointer into the sky. It now makes "transactions" with unfathomable amounts of matter even billions of light years away (both in space and time). So I don't find this much more satisfying than the other interpretations.
@@jurajvariny6034 Why is that a problem? Those transactions would happen over billions of years, so locality is still preserved. Or do you dislike the number of transactions? That seems like a weird problem given that all modern physics models involve stupid amounts of interactions. The only change is that the interactions are happening in both temporal directions rather than 'jumping' across large distances.
@@slicedtoad if i understood this interpretation correctly it follows that everything we observe depends not only on backward light cone, but also on forward one. And unless the universe collapses in finite time (does not seem to be the case), our forward light cone can even have infinite time span. I find it hard to wrap my head up around - how present can depend on transactions in future which stretches to infinity.
@@jurajvariny6034 I agree it's weird. But it's an alternative is the Copenhagen interpretation which, to me, is so much worse. The math works and makes sense in QM. Trying to translate the math into understandable concepts and analogies is, as far as I can tell, impossible with the Copenhagen interpretation. "A particle exists in all possible states at once" is a nonsense statement. You can fuzz your brain and pretend it almost makes sense, but you're mostly just lying to yourself. The transactional interpretation requires the strange idea of signals travelling backwards in time. Which is weird. But it's not incomprehensible. The backwards travel is strictly limited in such a way that paradoxes don't arise and that information can't be sent back by an observer. We already think of time as a dimension that we travel in one dimension. Adding the idea that certain things travel in the opposite direction isn't that much of a jump. That's my take, anyway. I'm not a physicist, though.
Thanks so much for an entertaining and very informative effort.
You always thank us for watching. However, we should thank you for creating and educating. Truly. Thank you.
It is super easy to go back in time! We all did it many times, every last sunday in october. ;)
Microwave into a time machine? OMG Sabine, I love Streins; Gate
Same
Retrocausality happens quite often actually, for instance when I press the Like button before watching Sabine's new video.
Amazing! Cleared my questions about Tenet! 😉
Well explained! Thank you, and your team.
Careful with that: I received one of these in Anton's "What da Math" channel - different number sometimes related to some "spooky" investments and similar scams
@@edcunion do NOT contact that spam account that stole Sabine’s face for itsprofile pic
@@possibledog If a particle becomes deterministic to some observer then does the next observer still has the particle in superposition? Then, when the two observers meet to talk about the particle they observed would their observations match?
Interesting, are you familiar with causality entanglement, where two paths of causality are in superposition? That might make a good followup video.
A great example of retrocausality is when my supervisor sends us an email scolding us for something we haven't done.
I had not encountered the transactional interpretation. Really enjoyed this.
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Sabine, Thank you for your humor and delivery. Thank you Keep up the GOOD work.
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How can we (or do we even need to?) talk about a "second time internal to the wave" when we know the wave does not experience time? I'd like to see some discussion of why we talk about spooky action at a distance when the photon experiences neither time nor distance.
Photons don't, but fermionic matter (like electrons and atoms) do have a kind of internal 'clock' related to their spin. However, I agree that at the quantum level there is no real 'distance' and so the 'nonlocal' influences are not really 'action at a distance'.
My life is quite a trip... As a 73 yr young "info maniac" Sabine's discussions always make me smile... As we're flummoxing through this Nexus MOMENT... Chaos all around. ❤️😢🤔😊
I am outclassed. I think I'll go back in time and pay more attention in math class.
The idea of people receiving your emails before you've written them makes me think of one of Terry Pratchett's characters. She's a clairvoyant who answers people's questions before they've asked them. You have to be careful to always ask the question she's just answered, though, or she gets a headache.
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PLATO , PLATO , HWHAT DO YA SAY ABOUT ANSWERING HWHEN NOT BEING ASKED ?!? YEAAAAAAH... SIRACUZE.... LOVE
This is awesome. On the subject of time travel in movies, I'd love to hear how you would break down the movie "Primer". It's got a really unique interpretation of time travel and causality, but it's one of the lesser known time travel movies.
I love "Primer." I've probably watched two dozen times. I really think I'm close to understanding it.
Primer is just classic "parallel reality" time travel, except with two extra twists 1. the traveler ages the same amount of time he's traveling, 2. the traveler cannot travel to a time before the machine was switched on. Both of those twists are effectively just limitations on the classic "parallel reality" time travel, and also, in Primer, the entire plot is ridiculously convoluted, which perhaps makes the time travel bits more confusing than it really is.
@@therflash Technically, you're right, but I think those "twists" change the "rules" of time travel significantly enough that the result is qualitatively different, and made the resulting movie far more interesting than the typical time travel yarn.
@@waltonsimons12 That is true, but fundamentally, whenever they use the time machine, the timelines split and a parallel timeline is created, which means it was included in the "parallel timeline" type. The extra twists are just limitations on top of the "parallel timeline" trope, there's nothing extra that the Primer timetravel is capable of.
@@therflash Sure, but again, I'm speaking qualitatively. As an analogy, consider rock music. Thrash metal, grindcore, crustpunk, and surf music all fall within the genre of rock music. But surf music is very different from thrash metal, grindcore, or crustpunk. Similarly, I think "Primer" is very different from other stories in the "Parallel Timelines" genre of time travel stories.
The notebook in the microwave story reminded me of the book _The Anubis Gates._ Great book!
Hi Sabine! Other paradox solutions: (1) your time ship only goes back in jumps of a great many millennia: so changes "wash out" over time (Stargate SG1). There is a paradox compensator (delay) machine used by an evil Time Lord (Doctor Who). (3) You can go back to watch but cannot make lasting changes (The Time Machine, 2002 film), yet if you go to the future and return to your original time, you can change your present to alter the future you saw (I like this one).
Someone must have forgotten they needed an old IBM 5100 as well. I forget why... But I'm sure there was some reason for it.
Predestination is a good movie example of bootstrap paradox
I think the show Dark is even better at presenting these ideas. Incredible German sci fi show I recommend to anyone that enjoys time travel stories l.
The Time Traveler's Wife is full of bootstrap paradoxes. SPOILER ALERT: . . . . . . For example, in the past, the time traveler dictates to his 6 years old future wife a list of 152 dates of his encounters with her, which she writes in a notebook. He'd learned the list by reading & memorizing her notebook. And yet, he often says he can't change history, for example he failed each time he tried to prevent his mother's death. I haven't entirely figured out the rules of time travel in that tv series, but my assumption is that he can change history only in ways that don't change his memory of history, and much of his behavior is predestined. I don't understand how the universe enforces that restriction and the predestination, though. He taught himself the rules of time travel, as he understood them, by tutoring his younger self instead of consulting with physicists, because he expected that if he revealed that he travels in time he would become a lab rat for the rest of his life. There's a scene where he's a passenger in a car driven by his 16 years old future wife, who's driving like a maniac because she "knows" from what he's told her about their future that neither of them can be killed that day. He's alarmed by her driving and warns her that, even though the two of them are invulnerable, people in other cars could be victims of her reckless driving and if that happened she would always regret it. This might be a plot hole, because if that had happened it's hard to believe that he wouldn't have been told about it by his future self or by his "regretful" wife. There's also a scene where he's a passenger in a car traveling at 60 mph and is concerned that if he were to time travel away from that moment he would find himself traveling at 60 mph unprotected by the car... but he ought to know he's invulnerable until he reaches the age of the oldest version of himself that he or his wife have met. Still, despite these plot holes, this tv series has a lot of convoluted time travel interactions that are fun to scrutinize for paradoxes. For example, the real reason he didn't consult with physicists must have been that he'd been told by a future version of himself that he didn't; otherwise he should expect from his memorie of his future self that he's invulnerable to the possibility of becoming a lab rat for the rest of his life... at least up until the age of his oldest self that he ever encountered.
@@system0fadowner251 it is a great series 👍
Another way to view backwards time travel is to view time as always moving forward but the time traveler can reverse their perception of whether time moves forward and backwards using a time machine or w/e method. So the time traveler can interact like normal but the rest of the universe is moving backwards, their actions or inaction effecting the world around them in the same way but cause and effect are reversed. This would create a butterfly like effect backwards in the time, the further back you travel, the more changes. For example if you used a time machine and traveled backwards in time, you and everything in the time machine is no longer taking the same path it took to get to the point of time traveling. All the interactions would changed, the air molecules, your conversations, objects you moved, materials used to build the time machine, breaks in cause and effect would create a different past. This could lead to some interesting phenomenon such as objects seemingly moving on their own, people having precognition or deja vu, and "ghosts". This would effect things and people closer to the time traveler as they have more interactions with each other. The more complex or chaotic something is, the more likely it will change or not happen as you expect. This sadly could also lead to some issues like the time traveler's dead loved one not reverting back to life. Would love to see people talk about this and making movies of.
Great video, Sabine!
Ive have for a long time thought that our notion of time that flows forwards is problematic given the mental gymnastics we end up with trying to come up with physical interpretations like Copenhagen or many worlds. It makes more sense that linear time is an emergent outcome of a different set of rules. I am thus, rather entranced by this idea.
warning: a scammer who stole Sabine’s face is spamming thumbs-up comments, report snd block and ignore them
Entropy drives time forward. Each point in time has sequentially less free energy available to do work. Time isn't simply a necessary dimension for space travel, it is the increasingly diffuse distribution of energy. Time is the evolution of free energy.
@@MichelleHell I had never really considered the relationship between entropy and time to be honst. Thank you for giving me food for thought 💭
@@obsidian9537 oh its absolutely necessary to include entropy because of what it means to travel backwards in time. if you isolate a system like a child's play pin and throw a bunch of blocks on the ground, how would you travel backwards? You'd have to rearrange everything back to how it was before the blocks were thrown around, and that takes energy. To actually travel back in time, one would have to revert every particle to its previous position and energy. This isn't time travel as we think about it in movies because we know it's just another configuration making use of time going forward. This brings into question the notion of time as something that flows and is ridden like a wave. There is no time, just your memory of previous states contrasted with information on new states, plus the cost of changing states. The net cost to changing states is diffusion of energy in the universe. This is where you will understand why time travel back is not possible. How do you revert the state of the universe without expending energy and making it more diffuse? Time is nowhere to be found, just the impracticality of utilizing energy to reverse entropy of the universe. A system can reverse entropy at the cost of the entropy for outside of the system, so maybe time travel can exist for fundamental particles on a very short time scale. But that's a far cry from rearranging every electron in your body and in the world.
@@MichelleHell how can there be no time if you talk about changing states? any kind of change implies the existence of an ordered sequence of states
Since you buy a new notebook it is pretty clear where it came from :D The riddle is: from where come the instructions for building the time microwave? I wonder, is this a Stein's gate reference or are microwaves just the next closest thing to a time machine in term of how much magic is involved in its functioning?
Great insight dude! Thank you.
definitely a steins gate reference
El. Psy. Congroo.
No, because there is still the old one. At the time of purchase you have two. ...and two can't be one. I hope.
@@ref8893 Either you don't get me or I don't get you. Of course there are two notebooks, but for each one it is compltely clear where it came from. I bought one in the store, and the other one is from the time machine and was bought by my time-travel clone in the store.
This is great fun, it makes the point of subjective time vs. objective time that is already obvious from other considerations.
Thank you Sabine.❤
Sabine, I appreciate you explaining this topic clearly, so it makes sense, even though you don't agree with this interpretation. I think the ability to clearly understand the view of something you don't agree with is undervalued, especially on KZhead. Great video 👍
Like climate science and climatology. Two echo chambers which are not allowed to interact.
@@Manorainjan Climate change denialists have their own little echo chamber.
@@CAThompson " Climate change denialists have their own little echo chamber." What is a "Climate change denialist"? (besides being a political combat term used for ad hominem attacks)
@@Manorainjan Someone who says climate change isn't a problem, &/or criticising those discussing climate change as anthropogenic & a crisis.
@@CAThompson " Someone who says climate change isn't a problem, &/or criticising those discussing climate change as anthropogenic & a crisis." You are wrong. You told, what kind of action might invite those who can't counter their arguments to call them "climate change denialists". But a "climate change denialist" is or rather *would be* a person, who denies that climate change exists or has existed. This term war maliciously coined in reference to Holocaust denial. And a Holocaust denier is a person who denies the existence of the Holocaust. The Holocaust denier is not negating the "anthropogenic" or German responsibility for the Holocaust or relativizes its severity. And when You are saying, as You did, that "Climate change denialists have their own little echo chamber.", Then You are saying, that "climate change denialists" do exist. You are predicating the existence of a group of people who deny the existence of climate change. And if those people live in an echo chamber, how did You come to know about them? Where are the facts? Or was it simply Your statement of faith, imposed by the ruling narrative?
Best approach to time travel paradoxes is shown in Futurama. Rather than trying to work around them they embrace them. Time exists as a whole, so Fry being his own grandfather does not cause a paradox. I love that version, same with Fry and Lars. 🚀
Ansjovis, Fry has the last one left.
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I love your videos Sabine.
Sabine is a good teacher
Aside from the interesting topics and fantastic explanations, can we all just take a moment and recognize Sabine’s incredible wit and sense of humor? The matter of fact tone, and the dry delivery makes it even funnier. There are definitely some gems in this one… 😂🤣🤣
I'm curious about how the delayed-choice quantum eraser experiment is explained in the transactional interpretation. Another wonderful video. Your explanation of Einstein's "spooky action at a distance" was the most clear and concise I've ever heard. Par for you.
Id def check her old video on it because its not retrocausal as usually presented. Once the specifics of how an actual experiment is conducted is know i dont treat it that way
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😁🥰 @10:14 "Nothing like being Dissed....."!😂 Thanks for the laughter! Mike in San Diego.🌞🎸🚀🖖
Thank you Ma'am Sabrine I wait for that topic for so long.
The grandfather paradox is resolved when you realize that the new information - granddad is dead and never bore your mother or father - only propogates into the future at the speed of light. Since you, and everything in your vicinity (your personal past light cone) are also traveling at most the speed of light, the new information will never reach you. I don't know if it will ever reach anyone else; maybe with more time shenanigans? But you keep on keeping on, all your memories and, probably, even your parentage intact.
You might be on to something there, Marcus.
However, if you travel back in time, you can break the speed limit of light - It is simple. Travel under speed of light, and go back in time so to arrive before light arrives. Woooh - you break the record and outrace the light!
LIGHT CONE: At 1:00 you talk about the Light Cone. This was the first decent explanation I've ever seen anyone give of the Light Cone. Others attempted, especially when speaking about Black Holes and the way the roles of Space and Time shift inside a Black Hole. I realize you are saying all actions in this universe (outside of a Black Hole) must exist within the Light Cone towards the Future and the Light Cone towards the Past. But what do the Light Cones to the side represent? Are those Light Cones the things that occur within Dark Matter and the Quantum level?
I think mentioning also the TSVF (Two state vector formalism) in this video would be very relevant
How is it possible that I understand almost nothing of what you say but very much enjoy listening to it? Certainly there ought to be something in that anomaly to engender a video.
This is amazing!! I can’t remember the last time I owned a microwave that lasted more than 8 years, much less over 10! 🤔
Sounds like something Douglas Adams might say, that time travel is possible, but implausible due to Planned Obsolescence.
Mit Mikrowellen-Ofen soll man Diamanten produzieren können, diese halten für immer, was auch nicht wahr ist.
I love how the movie Source Code kinda gets into this subject along with quantum computing and conscious transfer.
it makes sense if you don't think of the wave function as a cloud of possibilities, instead as a pressure wave going down the drain, driven by the en-tropic pressure, when it collapses it's flashed, seizes to exist and becomes more or less defined structure, subject to further entropy pressure. It spans distances because it's an expanded boiling liquid(one way of looking at it). I've posted hypothesis on F, find it under quantum mechanical universe hypothesis group.
The Bootstrap Paradox is known in DwarfFortress circles as The Mystery of the First Anvil. Making an anvil is easy. You just need some iron, a forge, and ... an anvil.
Praise the Anvil.
Careful with that: I received one of these in Anton's "What da Math" channel - different number sometimes related to some "spooky" investments and similar scams
The Bootstrap Paradox is known in Everyday Life circles as the Mystery of the First Egg. Making an egg is easy. You just need a chicken… which comes from an egg.
Anvils are cast, and casting only required some suitable cohesive foundry sand and an anvil-shaped pattern for the mold carved out of wood - for which one can use flaked flint stone tools - so no anvils, or forged tools requiring an anvil like knives or axes are needed to make an anvil.
@@robertbutsch1802 Overtime, something, with every cycle of birth, eventually became the system of "egg birthes a chicken". Imagine like, with every generation, something in the chicken's dna is changing, and it eventually starts laying eggs.
The Time Traveler's Wife is a fantastic novel. The movie was pretty good, too. Haven't seen the show, yet. But it handles time travel really well.
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I didn’t particularly care for the novel. It was really more about “relationships” than about the time travel, and I found the romance smugly anti-romantic. The very best time-travel novel ever written, unlikely ever to be surpassed is the first, H. G. Wells’s “The Time Machine”-brilliant, evocative, haunting. The novel with the most time-travel tropes packed into a single story is probably Isaac Asimov’s “The End of Eternity”.
Great! I'm glad to know that by working now and tomorrow, I can fix my past.
Thank you Sabine!
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Sabine, here's what you need to do: Set up a double slit quantum eraser experiment, send the signal to the pattern right after the splitter, but bounce the switched signal off the moon and back so that there is a 1 to 2 second delay. If you see the interference pattern, turn on the observer. If you see the discrete pattern, turn off the observer. Viola! You've just invented a time machine and/or broken reality -- the universe will now shut down. So long and thanks for all the fish! #ItchyFeet
Can you ELI5? How would you set this up, and how would you even measure it from the moon. I'm obsessed with retrocausality, and would love to see a legit experiment, or evidence in my lifetime. Keep hearing quantum erasers, Shrodinger's cat thought experiment, etc but never do we really see anyone do these things.
@@davidh.1836 TBF, "ELI5" and "quantum mechanics" don't really belong together. Quantum mechanics is a whole lot of scary math.
Great video to start the day. Sabin leaves no stone unturned. Many Thks. Very amazing to realize I could have lived my life yet haven’t been born.
SPAMMER ALERT above ..
@@blucat4 just report if you see them
@@terang5189 It makes no difference, Google don't do anything.
She did explain a good bit about retro causality in her "delayed choice quantum eraser" video
I love this channel. Anytime I feel like I'm starting to understand the universe I come here and feel like a child again.
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Geh besser ans Meer und tritt eine Spur in den Sand!
Would love to hear your comments on the reversed entropy objects - and people - in the film Tenet
Reversed entropy would be problematic and mostly would only happen in something like a black hole or big crunch/rebounding universe.
Yes, transactional interpretation of QM sounds just about right. Why would someone want to bother with it in the first place? I guess only a physicists would ask such a "stupid" question. :) For an engineer, the (very real) possibility of having (what is called) >settling time< (which would be so-called *lateral* time, and not *physical* time in this case) in a physical system gives rise to the possibility of *exploiting* that particular feature of the system. In other words, somebody who could intervene in a particular quantum process (like photon emission-absorption, for example) could, in theory, *decide* (determine) the outcome of (otherwise) indeterminate quantum event (like particle's spin, or something). The possibilities (and very real, down-to-earth *advantages* ) that such an ability would bring to that somebody would be almost unlimited... within the confines of the *finite* number -- however large it may be, even if it's something like 10^bazillion -- of the system's *possible* states, of course. And that's why engineers are better than physicists at asking "stupid" questions. :) We engineers like to think in terms of *breaking* perfectly "well-behaved" systems (in order to make them do what they were never meant to do by design), whereas physicists like to think in terms of *building* (mostly mathematical) systems that will be be well-behaved, and which will perform their designed functions perfectly ... until they meet an engineer who knows which "stupid" questions to ask in order to break them. :) Theoretical physics definitely needs engineering, and vice versa. After all, one has to know how to *build* something before they can approach the problem of *breaking* it... and then making it do what one actually wants it to do, rather than simply letting it continue to do what it was designed to do... which, for those *inside* the system, are -- practically always -- two completely opposite things. I.e. a system one is subjected to never does what one wants it to do, and it always does what one doesn't want it to do... *entropy* being the perfect example of the latter, since it's much like what Red Queen says to Alice in Wonderland: "“Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!”
I think you're right. I have no engineering skills, and I have no idea how it was made, but I had a Kenwood pull out CD player in my truck that was skipping like crazy, and I'd had enough, so I yanked the stereo out of the cradle by the handle and started bashing it off of my dashboard and steering wheel with the intent of completely destroying it. But when I couldn't break it on any of the padded materials I slammed it back into the cradle and it started playing perfectly again, just like they designed it to.
@@srobertweiser I can't tell if you joking or not, but "crazy" (even those obviously temporally inconsistent) things do keep happening in this system. The simplest example would be not being able to find something (like car keys) that you're desperately searching for, only to find it at the place that you've already searched like 100 times before. It happened to me, it's probably happened to 90% of people, but we always do what we tend to do in those situations -- completely ignore it, and just write it off as our own mistake and confusion. Just to make it clear, I am *not* saying that this particular system is a (Matrix-like) *computer* *simulation* . What I do imply, however, is that computation itself (and all of its products, like computers and computer simulations) would not even be possible without this system having something *like* it (discrete, neural-network-like, in particular) at its very foundation. As for more complex examples of "reality glitches" (temporally inconsistent events), this is definitely one of the best that I've ever seen. It doesn't even matter if it's genuine or not, it's still the perfect example of what I'm talking about: kzhead.info/sun/nrOcfauOmmefeqs/bejne.html
I have been waiting decades for someone to cover the TIQM, since I read "Schrodinger's Kittens".
Thanks Sabine, I think I have a fighting chance of understanding this with a few more re-watches. :)
Right, just got it after a dozen times
Sabine is the best at explaining complex things in a way us dumb humans can understand. ☺️
You think you are dumb?
@@andsalomoni No, he thinks you're dumb for asking!
@Bassotronics - Actually, I think she's pretty good at explaining physics - which most people (in my experience) mistakenly believe is *_complicated_* - in a way that is more accessible to those who aren't familiar with it. But _complicated_ and _complex_ are not the same thing...at least not in my lexicon. Complicated things are messy, convoluted, highly detailed, but not necessarily incomprehensible or unknowable. Complex things (and here I'm referring to the property of *_complexity_* - as in complex systems) are not merely complicated. A complex system is one whose behavior cannot be modeled by finite algorithms. IOW, you can't just explain it or predict its behavior with simple equations. In that sense, physics isn't complex at all; in fact, physics is the science of simple systems. We can model their behavior with statements like F = ma and E = mc^2. Works great for that stuff. But complex systems - like the human body, or the weather (...or the climate), or human. behavior, or the economy...nope. We can create models, and they're useful for certain purposes, but they have limitations. We can't cure the common cold, or cancer, or prevent arthritis, or aging. In a sense, physicists have taken on the easy stuff...well, OK - maybe it's not the easy stuff, but it's the simple stuff. I'm a physicist and an engineer; the problems I tackle are solvable; the systems I deal with are simple. I would not want to be a medical doctor, or a meteorologist, or a psychologist, or an economist. That's the really complex stuff.
I’m one of those dumb people who watch her videos but I “ understand “ nothing . Depressing.
@@Vito_Tuxedo smart people like you should be solving global challenges. Where have you been hiding? Respect
I woke up this morning with a headache and feeling confused. Then I watched this video. Did the effect come before the cause?
Good one!
Did the headache go away after you watched it?
@@SabineHossenfelder Yes, after drinking a caffeinated beverage. All joking aside, your video did a great job of explaining a rather confusing topic.
I would really appreciate to hear your explanation of the Montevideo interpretation of QM
I'm not quite sure how to explain this. But, what if.... entangled particles are not only entangled with one another but with the same plane of reality (meaning the same timeline or "world" of multiple worlds)? So let's say if the two particles always have opposite spins, when we observe one, of course, the other always shows the opposite spin, but NOT because information has passed from one to the other but because the plane that the first has collapsed within will always contain the opposite particle with the opposite spin. It would mean that we have chosen (observed) the first one and in doing so we have chosen the plane of reality within which the other one demonstrates the expected spin, always. So it's not that any information has passed from one to the other it's that we have observed the first particle and since it is entangled with the same plane of reality as the other particle it means just that we have chosen the plane within which the spins are associated. It does not mean that any information has passed from one to the other. I know that sounds confusing. I'm sorry. But I hope it's understandable what I'm trying to say. And please forgive my redundancy.
Holy shite! If it's time - it's not spooky! Did I just 'get it'? Sabine just rocked my world. Awesome presentation, as always!
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Maybe there could be a kind of orthogonal time where the observer looks at all what can happen in a region at once, being connected in orthogonal time with the actors with free will in the physical world?
there is no such thing as free will, but don't worry
SPAMMER ALERT above ..
@@blucat4 I'm reporting all instances of the WhatsApp bot, hoping that works.
@@CAThompson One of them is gone! There is another though, different names. Cheers.
I did read this piece 12 years ago , I will read this , and judge this 16 years ago , traveling with almost the speed of light , you will look back in time , and say , God I look old now
I have always loved time travel stories, especially the ones that show consistency. Recently, though, I was thinking about how the alternate time-line type could be explained by simply creating an entirely new universe. That would, of course, require a universal amount of energy but so would going faster than light so it doesn't seem so different to me in that sense.
It is impossible to make time travel stories consistent. You can always find a flaw in any plot line containing time travel. The best one can do is to make them funny.
Hi Sabine, I heard Donald hoffman speaking to Lexs Fridman #293 mention that new theory effectively means Space Time beyond certain power is dead.. Please a program on that?
I don't even know what that means, sorry.
Why is a psychologist talking about advanced physics?
@@DonQuiKong Well I am neither to justify but they converge ... somewhere. All sciences converge ideally.
@@SabineHossenfelder Well you will eventually I bet, if not agreed to roast. :-)
@@SabineHossenfelder Thank you Sabine..
Yes, a meaty physics video ❤🎉🎉🎉
Well worth watching, though I'll have to watch it again and again in order to understand it. Thanks.
I was hoping you mention "Predestination"! It has the whole package in terms of paradoxes!
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Sabine, have you seen the German show Dark on netflix? It deals with the bootstrap paradox...and the only way to break that loop was by incorporating quantum mechanics/indeterminism. Can you talk about indeterminism...or true randomness if it exists?
Careful with that: I received one of these in Anton's "What da Math" channel - different number sometimes related to some "spooky" investments and similar scams
8:43 Is that a Steins; Gate reference? 😲
There is fairly famous american novel by the brilliant Thomas Pynchon (who wrote V), called "Gravity's Rainbow", which goes deep into Pavlov's theories, and one of the key plot points in the book is the hero Tyrone Slothrop, sleeps with a woman in London, exactly where the next german buzz bomb hits... anyway there are various intelligence operatives studying Tyrone trying to figure out how this all works... It's a tragicomical novel that takes place during WW2. A fairly difficult book to finish, but the ending is terrific.
Yes, it does make me feel better thanks.
Instructions for going back in time with just your micro wave. 1- When you open the micro wave door. There is a button that is released that does not allow the micro wave to function. 2- depress the button to defeat this safety device. 3- Set your micro wave to Hi. 4- Put your head in the micro wave. 5- Press start.
Indeed, you will go back into a time in which your consciousness and electrical activity in your brian doenst exist, but only locally within your cranium.