The 7 Great Sieges of 1628 | Thirty Years War 6

2023 ж. 8 Шіл.
97 672 Рет қаралды

In 1628 seven great sieges changed the course of european history. In the Netherlands, a city referred to as the “Dutch swamp dragon” refused to surrender despite an enormous engineering effort to divert the entire river system around it with newly built windmills. In France, the city of la Rochelle was blockaded by a massive sea dam fortified with artillery and sunken ships. In Italy, the city of Mantua held out on an Island for months by destroying a river blockade with an explosive raft, while the plague was ravaging the population. In Casale, the updated defenses of the city and the plague proved one of the greatest and eventually fatal of tests for the famous Ambrogio Spinola. In Germany, a Scotsman in Swedish service defiantly defended Stralsund and its protestant inhabitants against hailstorm-like bombardment and waves of assaults by the catholic imperial commander Albrecht von Wallenstein. In Magdeburg the plan of financing an imperial fleet in the Baltic fell through - and in Poland, the young Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus went toe to toe with the winged hussars outside his blockade of Gdansk. In this video, we investigate these 7 sieges in a somewhat unusual way. Normally, historians treat each of these events separately one at the time. But to explain properly how they were linked and how this influenced the Thirty Years’ War, we present them chronologically, jumping back and forth between different sieges while following the course of events in Europe.
Patreon (thank you): / sandrhomanhistory
Paypal (thank you: www.paypal.com/paypalme/SandR...
Twitter: / sandrhoman
Bibliography:
Guthrie, W., Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635, 2001.
Clifford, J. R., The military revolution debate. Readings on the military transformation of early modern Europe, 1995.
Clifford, J. R., Tactics and the Face of Battle, in: Tallet, F., (editor), European Warfare 1350-1750.
Frost, R., Northern Wars, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, 2000.
Höbelt, L., Von Nördlingen bis Jankau. Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegführung 1634-1645, 2016.
Münkler, H., Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Europäische Katastrophe, deutsches Trauma 1618 - 1648, 2019.
Parker, C., The Cambridge History of Warfare, 2005.
Roberts, M., Gustav Adolf and the Art of War (first printed 1955), in: Essays on Swedish History, 1967.
Rady, M., The Habsburgs, 2020.
Ribas, A. R. E., The Battle of Nördlingen 1634. The Bloody Fight Between Tercios and Brigades, 2021.
Spring, L., The Battle of The White Mountain 1620 and the Bohemian Revolt 1618-1622, 2018.
Van Nimwegen, O., The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688, 2010.
Von essen, M. F., The Lion from the North: Volume 1+2 The Swedish Army of Gustavus Adolphus, 2020.
Wilson, P., The Thirty Years War: Europe’s Tragedy, 2009.
Wilson, P., Lützen 1632, 2018.

Пікірлер
  • Big shout out to all our Patrons for the continuous support! Lately, we relied more on this income stream since the sponsoring offers have tried up. Probably partly due to the overall market situation but also because our clicks have not been all that great over the last couple of videos. If you’re want to support our project financially and join our Patreon, have a look here: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory We usually post previews, BTS-stuff, and updates about out professional lives. If you do decide to join keep in mind even the lowest tier ($3 / creation) is already a great help! (You can even edit the lowest tier to the exact amount you like, for example $1!) Lastly, quick reminder that we have covered some of the events of this video in more depth. Here are the links: ‘s-Hertogenbosch siege: kzhead.info/sun/mrmmer2EbYePa4U/bejne.html La Rochelle siege: kzhead.info/sun/lK-miLGCjHN-fYE/bejne.html Piet Hein’s capture of the treasure fleet: kzhead.info/sun/gsmqfpuniJGHi3k/bejne.html Mantua siege (old video / quality not that great): kzhead.info/sun/hZiOYpR8iGSAn2w/bejne.html

    @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
    • The only thing staggering here is how great you guys are! keep being extraordinary !

      @Didacmmv@Didacmmv10 ай бұрын
    • Mantua was great quality, don't knock yourselves

      @battlez9577@battlez957710 ай бұрын
  • I find it so refreshing and great that you not only include a bibliography but also quote historians within the video. Your vids scratch the surface of a given topic, and you are pointing the way for the rest of us to read up on, and become more knowledgeable in, these lesser-known conflicts and battles.

    @seitavw@seitavw10 ай бұрын
  • More like the 7 (staggering) sieges

    @Spiderfisch@Spiderfisch10 ай бұрын
    • hehe, we did think about that title but some of them weren't that staggering ;)

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
    • ​@@SandRhomanHistoryincorrect, they're definitely staggering sieges

      @wperfect@wperfect10 ай бұрын
    • Well, they decided the fate of europe, so yeah i agree with u

      @ZeroScotland@ZeroScotland10 ай бұрын
    • ​@@SandRhomanHistorya KZhead who undoes their own clickbait. A surprise to be sure but a welcome one

      @RodolfoGaming@RodolfoGaming10 ай бұрын
    • @@wperfectMantua was sort of boring

      @amund8821@amund882110 ай бұрын
  • Ahh.. A relaxing documentary about the unimaginable horrors of early modern warfare to blissfully drift asleep to.

    @MrNiceGuyHistory@MrNiceGuyHistory10 ай бұрын
  • 1600s is so underrated. The thirty years war was insane

    @CoffeeSuccubus@CoffeeSuccubus9 ай бұрын
  • extremely impressed by the long-term vision of the channel to do videos on the individual sieges and then compose a continuous historical narrative based on those in-depth videos. I keep being impressed by this channel. Thank you for the outstanding work

    @TheEmiljoergensen@TheEmiljoergensen9 ай бұрын
  • This video has a new level of understanding the conflict, we are used to seeing sieges as isolated events and as separate confrontations, however, here you masterfully manage to give a more complete context to the situation in Europe during 1628 - 1629 and how all these events were related to each other, leading to a new phase of the 30 Years War. Looking at everything in general, I'm surprised by the lack of geopolitical acumen of Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire, by issuing such a stupid edict at a time when it was evident that things were going to go badly, he is the real culprit that the war did not ended prematurely and as a Hispanic, what bothers me about this story is that it dragged Spain into a direct confrontation with France at the worst possible moment (because if the war in Germany had not continued, the conflict would most likely have been delayed another decade at the most). On the other hand, I would love to see SandRhoman release more videos about sieges and conflicts from the late 15th century and early 16th century, for example it would be interesting if you made a video about the Siege of the Castle of Saint George from the year 1500 (part of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1499-1503), where an army led by the true Father of Modern Armies Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (The Great Captain), with Spanish, French and Venetian troops (something exceptional due to the fact that these three states were in constant war with each other at that time) besieged the island of Cephalonia, which was under the control of the Ottoman Empire and which showed that the Christian kingdoms could defeat the "Grand Turk", even when this Empire was at its best.

    @IsaacRaiCastillo@IsaacRaiCastillo10 ай бұрын
    • the europeans's arrogance of the time made them blind to the worldwide consequences of those suicidal continental wars and we kept producing those like the crazies we are : 30 years war...louis the 14th's wars...spanish succession war...austrian succession war...7 years war...war of american independence...French Revolution and Napoleon's wars... crimea's war... World Wars 1 and 2... cold war which deployed hundreds of nukes threatenning east and west halves of Europe... and oups again : the war in NUkraine... the miracle is that there is still someone alive here ! 🥺

      @redcapetimetraveler7688@redcapetimetraveler768810 ай бұрын
  • Mein Gott, this is precisely the kind of video id been hoping you produce. It really ties together your other work on the topic and helps me understand each seiges place in this sprawling conflict. Truely excellent work!

    @wornjeans6830@wornjeans683010 ай бұрын
  • "A city refused to surrender despite an enormous engineering effort to divert the entire river system around it with newly-built windmills." Yep, that's a Dutch siege.

    @dembro27@dembro276 ай бұрын
  • Great and informative video @SanRhomanHistory. It would be cool if you could cover the siege of Tenochtitlan, 1521. Go in detail about the fall of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire.

    @sanchez20100@sanchez2010010 ай бұрын
    • Great suggestion!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
  • I love that you did the video this way. Reading 30-year war histories they always mention these side-shows outside of Germany w/out going into details or speaking of it's influence on the war.

    @masoodvoon8999@masoodvoon899910 ай бұрын
  • This illustrator is one of the best on KZhead. Recognizable portraits, excellent animations, and always a sense of humor to be found.

    @somedude5951@somedude595110 ай бұрын
  • I can't hit the like button hard enough! What an excellent video. I love how this not only tells the history and narratives clearly, but also links them together giving a clear overview of the period. I would love to see more of video's in this format!

    @maxvanhuffelen5230@maxvanhuffelen523010 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoyed it!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
  • This channel covers 1600s warfare in such depth ive never seen its incredible, glad ive been subscribed the last 3 years

    @ScarletRebel96@ScarletRebel969 ай бұрын
  • This was such a cool way to cover these sieges!

    @kristoforperkola6923@kristoforperkola692310 ай бұрын
  • 3:11 1. Build Baltic Fleet 2. Harass trade and merchant cities 3."........." 4. PROFITS STONKS HARD!! 🤑

    @54032Zepol@54032Zepol10 ай бұрын
  • Excellent video and very interesting approach connecting key events in a global confrontation. Congratulations for the great work !

    @julio5prado@julio5prado10 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoyed it!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
    • @@SandRhomanHistory your work is really good. Well documented, well presented and truly enjoyable.

      @julio5prado@julio5prado9 ай бұрын
  • Really awsome approach to the topic. Showing all connections between those conflicts was great idea!!

    @wojtek1582@wojtek158210 ай бұрын
  • Amazing video, Im really impressed, historical channels rarely do something like that. Btw Im Polish and heard his surname many times but I still cant get over it. Koniecpolski (Koniec Polski) literally means The end of Poland.

    @Nursilmaz@Nursilmaz10 ай бұрын
  • "Richelieu's sea wall, which had proved impenetrable for the English, was, quite ironically, washed away by a storm just a few days after the surrender." Nature always has a way of showing you just how small you really are, doesn't she?

    @eliteteutonicknight1@eliteteutonicknight110 ай бұрын
  • It's so cool to see you tie together all of your "Great Siege" videos you've done into one video. It's interesting to see where all of these sieges and events happen in chronological order, and seeing how one affected the other is really useful added context.

    @StoryLog498@StoryLog49810 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoy it!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
  • Great video! Very interesting analysis, like all tour videos. I suggest you make a video on another very eventfull year: 1625 - the culimnation of the Nassau Fleet expedition (1623-26), the recovery of Bahia in Brazil from the Dutch, the Anglo-Dutch attack on Cadiz, siege of Breda, relief of Genoa, repulse of Dutch attack on Puerto Rico. The Spanish annus mirabilis

    @razvanlipan7754@razvanlipan775410 ай бұрын
  • Sieges are always an instant click for me. Also I'm eager to learn how all these events were linked.

    @clintmoor422@clintmoor42210 ай бұрын
  • This was so great giving an integrated view of what is usually handled as individual events.

    @wiskeeamazingdancer4964@wiskeeamazingdancer49649 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoyed it!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
  • Excellent video, I love this format! I like how it links all these ordinarily separated events, it makes me feel more like somebody who was alive at that time reading a newspaper or hearing political discussions might see the conflict.

    @samadams2203@samadams220310 ай бұрын
  • That shot of that poor guy getting hit by artillery and falling into a hundred pieces made me laugh a little too hard. Great stuff!

    @tonymondragon3114@tonymondragon31149 ай бұрын
  • Amazingly detailed video, great work as always!

    @CarthagoMike@CarthagoMike10 ай бұрын
  • love all of this, very well done

    @xeel224109@xeel22410910 ай бұрын
  • Absolutely fantastic idea. Well done. Guys i wish i could support you now, i will be able to again next year. Such a great channel!

    @wladyslawderstreiter9078@wladyslawderstreiter90789 ай бұрын
  • Truly amazing, I love what you guys do!

    @ragefulrevenge2766@ragefulrevenge27669 ай бұрын
  • Excellent video!!

    @Floeh396@Floeh3969 ай бұрын
  • Really good choice to present these conflicts in parallel. It really helps to put things in perspective and to understand the main divides in Europe. It'd be tempting to only see the protestant/catholic opposition but, as we can see with the Franco-Swedish alliance, it's more complicated than this. Thanks SandRhoman for this programme. I've watched the next video about Gustavus and I'm looking forward for the next one. Cheers !

    @FlorentPlacide@FlorentPlacide9 ай бұрын
  • Thank you!

    @ghgjkklf9340@ghgjkklf934010 ай бұрын
  • I love your channel and videos. Please never stop creating. Please more

    @Jesse_Dawg@Jesse_Dawg9 ай бұрын
  • Excellent documentary as always, I learn more with every one.

    @bigsarge2085@bigsarge208510 ай бұрын
  • Awesome documentary as always, keep up the good work, I learn something every time.

    @bigsarge2085@bigsarge208510 ай бұрын
    • Thanks, will do!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
  • great stuff, thanks :-)

    @mandranmagelan9430@mandranmagelan943010 ай бұрын
  • Another great video. Thank you! Great to tie everything together and really reinforce the significance of everything covered prior. Keep up the awesome work. You guys do an amazing job with this content.

    @thcdreams654@thcdreams65410 ай бұрын
    • Our pleasure!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
  • A nice summary of all your earlier videos drawn together into a single string.

    @russianhorde@russianhorde10 ай бұрын
  • Excellent as usual. Thank you.

    @mancroft@mancroft10 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoyed it!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
  • strong video well done

    @maxpower4436@maxpower44369 ай бұрын
  • Good. Very good. May this work grow and creator prosper.

    @prokopiusvonvogelberg1396@prokopiusvonvogelberg139610 ай бұрын
  • Love the sieges videos

    @sarahsidney1988@sarahsidney198810 ай бұрын
  • Love content about the 30years war

    @johnschlong5826@johnschlong58269 ай бұрын
  • This series has really piqued my interest in the period, nice job! Is Peter Wilson's book a good overview of the conflict? The only thing holding me back its the 1000 pages, haha

    @Bear_Feces@Bear_Feces7 ай бұрын
  • brilliant

    @uelibinde@uelibinde9 ай бұрын
  • Happy to see the siege of Casale mentioned as the only time I think I’ve ever heard it mentioned outside of a university is in Alexander Dumas’s book, the red Spinx

    @manatarmsfittness8874@manatarmsfittness88742 ай бұрын
  • I don't think Gustavus Adolphus was really seen as the Lion of the North yet at this point. During the first year of campaigning, he pretty much had to force Brandenburg and Saxony at swordpoint to join up with him. Only after Breitenfeld did he win rockstar status and everyone wanted to get in on the winning team with him.

    @anderskorsback4104@anderskorsback41049 ай бұрын
  • Good vid

    @catalinsandor1572@catalinsandor157210 ай бұрын
  • The four reasons for La Rochelle's surrender were Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and d'Artagnan.

    @HS-su3cf@HS-su3cf10 ай бұрын
    • They were anti-Richelieu though. Maybe it was Cyrano de Bergerac

      @masoodvoon8999@masoodvoon899910 ай бұрын
  • very nice

    @serenisma3402@serenisma340210 ай бұрын
  • You are still one of the only non dutch people i've ever heard pronouce 'S Hertogenbosch perfectly.

    @HansWurst1569@HansWurst156910 ай бұрын
    • he's probably just dutch?

      @uelibinde@uelibinde9 ай бұрын
    • @@uelibinde No, Swiss.

      @TheEvertw@TheEvertw9 ай бұрын
    • That's what you get for putting an apostrophe in a city name.

      @anderskorsback4104@anderskorsback41049 ай бұрын
  • Sieges are the best, especially in your presentation.

    @townazier@townazier10 ай бұрын
  • Love it!

    @paronzoda@paronzoda9 ай бұрын
    • Thanks!!

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory9 ай бұрын
  • Very interesting to see how these events interconnected. We still venerate Piet Hein, and rightly so it seems. The frigate F811 was the latest naval ship to be named after him, in 1977.

    @TheEvertw@TheEvertw9 ай бұрын
    • Well that will soon disappear too, unless we can stop it. And our navy is hardly worth mentioning anymore. A couple of frigats, 2 subs, a few more small frigats and some minesweepers. Thats it. And most are decades old.

      @StofStuiver@StofStuiver9 ай бұрын
    • @@StofStuiver don't need a navy when you're in NATO & American is in NATO so you really don't need one. It'd just be a money sink when aircraft would be more cost effective.

      @MrEFMinecraft@MrEFMinecraft9 ай бұрын
    • @@MrEFMinecraft Nato is a paper tiger. Apart from that, im sick and tired to follow the US warmongers. Nato should have been abandoned 32 years ago. The US navy rests on their carrier fleet by the way, which is totally useless in a real war. You dont know a thing, do you?

      @StofStuiver@StofStuiver9 ай бұрын
    • ​@@StofStuiver You talk like you've got it all figured out, or just like an eleven year old, which is worse. Just get done reading your third history book, now you are a naval geopolitical expert worthy of condescending to the rest of the room? Tell us more about how you would not starve and trade would not stop completely without this useless navy (we pay for) that allows you to have any infrastructure whatsoever... or consumer goods... or foodstuffs... or oil... or economic opportunity... Don't bother saying thank you, we know you are incapable of gratitude. But regardless, you are welcome.

      @neighbor-j-4737@neighbor-j-47378 ай бұрын
  • Please do the reconquista sieges particularly the sieges of st. ferdinand iii of castile (cordoba 1236, jaen 1245-46, and Seville 1247-48.

    @iceeulguinsoo5067@iceeulguinsoo506710 ай бұрын
  • You should do some Asian History during the Early Modern Era. There was quite a lot going on at the time like the Ming-Qing transition and the Imjin War.

    @opinchon@opinchon10 ай бұрын
    • Or samurai!

      @mariushunger8755@mariushunger875510 ай бұрын
  • Didn't think there were so many sieges in the 30 years war... I always thought of it as the conflict of the great battles...

    @mariushunger8755@mariushunger875510 ай бұрын
  • Cardinal Richelieu one of the great influencers of his day.

    @brokenbridge6316@brokenbridge631610 ай бұрын
  • Nice Vid mate Siege of Malta 1565AD would have had a massive impact on religion too

    @jordansaliba@jordansaliba9 ай бұрын
  • I see this video as a trailer for new season of staggering sieges

    @ojseljak1941@ojseljak194110 ай бұрын
  • 26:33 *cant imagine being the one who shot the 28,517'th cannon ball there*

    @ZeroScotland@ZeroScotland2 ай бұрын
  • Is this your magnus opus?

    @socratrash@socratrash10 ай бұрын
    • looking at the views, it's a pretty poor magnus opus

      @uelibinde@uelibinde9 ай бұрын
  • Siege of Mantua, that was never an easy task😅

    @transylvanian8437@transylvanian843710 ай бұрын
    • *Napoleon is typing*

      @GrandMoffTarkinsTeaDispenser@GrandMoffTarkinsTeaDispenser10 ай бұрын
  • 30 year war is so interesting

    @guaporeturns9472@guaporeturns947210 ай бұрын
  • KING OF THE NORTH ! KING OF THE NORTH !

    @zintosion@zintosion7 ай бұрын
  • 7 sieges with staggering consequences. (Since some of them were not that staggering).

    @michimatsch5862@michimatsch586210 ай бұрын
  • No one does Sieges like SandRhoman History.

    @dubbyx8490@dubbyx849010 ай бұрын
  • These sorts of conflicts are exactly why there's a provision in the US Constitution that US Citizens can never be compelled to quarter soldiers in their homes. Quartered soldiers were wrecking balls and often did more damage to their own people's livelihood than the enemy did, eating entire villages into starvation, getting drunk, starting fights, and these were the guys on "your side"

    @samwill7259@samwill725910 ай бұрын
    • Ironically, this clause is basically never used in the constitution. One court of appeals case handled one of the least expected uses of that right in an extremely obscure case.

      @robertjarman3703@robertjarman37039 ай бұрын
    • @@robertjarman3703 True enough, by the time the US came into existence the conditions that made the practice nessacary were already on their way out. Still, you can see why the provision was invluded from the founders' perspective.

      @samwill7259@samwill72599 ай бұрын
  • Tourist attractions used to be so much better. Watch gladiators fight to death in Rome, people in s'Hertogenbosch being slowly starved by windmills. Now you cannot even scratch your bloody name in the Coloseum!

    @SJ23982398@SJ2398239810 ай бұрын
  • Schizo sleep deprived Wallenstein is my favourite character I hope his ramblings don't get him in trouble with the emperor in the future.

    @GrandMoffTarkinsTeaDispenser@GrandMoffTarkinsTeaDispenser10 ай бұрын
  • The closure of the Spanish road by France's involvement would eventually lead to attempts to re-open the route to the Spanish Netherlands over sea. There was now a pro-Spanish monarch in England and the Dutch who had neglected the fleet in the early 1630s found it difficult to respond to the Spanish threat. Maarten Tromp would however succeed in reforming the Dutch fleet and decisvely defeated the "4th Spanish Armada" in 1639, in what probably the most decisive major naval battle in early modern Europe. Spanish naval power wouldn't recover for a century, although that obviously also had other reasons.

    @5thMilitia@5thMilitia10 ай бұрын
    • You are exaggerating things too much, so far I have not read any historian who knows Oquendo's fleet as "The Fourth Great Armada", it is a total invention of yours, added to the fact that the Dutch fleet was larger (103 or 95) and they were completely warships, while the Spanish were mostly transport ships (of the 70 ships, only 29 were war galleons), the Dutch superiority was evident, there is nothing decisive in that, because Oquendo did not want to present battle and in the end he managed to bring most of the Spanish troops (the fleet had 20,000 or 24,000 men, of whom approximately 8,000 died/drowned or were captured, the rest reached their destination), as well as supplies to Flanders. If there is any decisive naval confrontation in early modern times, it was the Dutch victories over the English fleets in the Anglo-Dutch Wars (since England was a naval power on equal footing), which definitively demonstrated Dutch maritime superiority, until the 18th century, where the English seized naval supremacy from all Europe.

      @IsaacRaiCastillo@IsaacRaiCastillo10 ай бұрын
    • ​@@IsaacRaiCastilloHis fleet has been refered to as another Armada. I just counted them. Spain made a huge effort to get this fleet off the ground and according to Sweetman it was the largest fleet Spain had send out since 1588. As for the amount of warships you are wrong. 29 were galleons, but there were also frigates and galleys. Of the Armada of 1588 only 24 were outright warships. And yes the Dutch had more ships, but the Dutch ships were much smaller than the Spanish ships and most ships weren't warships either. The largest Dutch ship had just over 40 cannons while the Spanish had multiple with 60. When Oquendo left Spain he was not afraid of the Dutch fleet. The Battle was so decisive that England, France and the Dutch could immediately seize various Spanish holdings in the Caribbean and that the Spanish would never ever again challenge Dutch or English naval power in Northern waters. The Spanish road over sea had and any sense of Spanish naval superiority in Europe had met a definitive end.

      @5thMilitia@5thMilitia10 ай бұрын
    • ​@@IsaacRaiCastilloHistorian Prud'homme van Reine refers to it as the second Armada. So there you go

      @5thMilitia@5thMilitia10 ай бұрын
    • @@5thMilitia First of all, it does not count as Armada, because that name only refers to the large fleets that Philip II created to invade England, a size that was never achieved after that (using a Dutch historian as an example sounds too subjective); second, you can never compare a galley and a frigate with a galleon, because neither of them had enough firepower to be useful (they served as support, but in that battle most of them fled knowing their impossibility), because the galleys were just useful in shallow waters and the Spanish navy generally used it as a troop transport (exactly the use they were given in the Armada created to invade England), in the case of frigates if it is confirmed in the sources that they were used in this battle in a similar way to galleys (as transport). Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage (for every Spanish galleon of 60 cannons, you had 3 or 4 Dutch filibots of 40 cannons attacking him around); As a fourth point, Oquendo had the mission of transporting and escorting the troops, while avoiding direct confrontation and in fact, he always tried to escape from the Dutch in this battle (something that for those dates, was a common procedure, due to the Dutch naval superiority at that time, added to the fact that it was cheaper), you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance, Spain kept the main islands, with the exception of Jamaica, and repelled the other attacks, those losses of smaller islands never stopped the transit of the Spanish treasure fleet, which it went on without a problem. To finish, as a fifth point, Spain did not return to dispute in the North seas, because after the War of the Spanish Succession, the domains of Belgium and Luxembourg passed into Austrian hands, which already made it pointless to go and venture into those places and let me remind you that in the eighteenth century, the only two navies that remained in competition against the English for world naval hegemony were the French and the Spanish (which recovered with the arrival of the Bourbons), not the Dutch, therefore, if the Spanish fleet had come to confront the Dutch in that same century, the Spanish would have been superior as it was one of those that was still competing with the Royal Navy (status it lost after Trafalgar).

      @IsaacRaiCastillo@IsaacRaiCastillo10 ай бұрын
    • @@IsaacRaiCastillo You can claim that it doesn't count as an Armada or that it doesn't have the same size, but that does nothing when I showed you 1 historian who refers to it as the Second Armada and another that claims that this was the largest fleet that Spain had send out since 1588. Olivarez claimed this himself infact. Oquendo only avoided the Dutch after he attacked a small Dutch force of Calais. His instructions were to destroy the French fleet if it would sail out in support of the Dutch (the French fleet was considered more fearsome by the Spanish). When the Spanish on the Armada heard that the French would't support the Dutch they thought that they would sweep the Dutch out of the North Sea. ("Third, it makes no sense for you to use as an excuse the size and number of cannons that the Spanish galleons had, when they were made by very slow and not very maneuverable ships, while the Dutch had smaller galleons or filibots due to their naval doctrine, since they preferred to have more ships, moderately armed and at the same time faster, which in many battles proved to be better than traditional galleons, so it was not a disadvantage'') This is with benifit of hindsight. Again, the Spanish feared the French more, because they had ships with more cannons. And a significant part of the 95 ships of Tromp were merchantmen hired with haste in 1639 during the blockade of the Spanish ships in the Downs. Not comparable to warships. I brought this up to show that the numerical superiority narrative needs nuancing, but it doesn't matter anyway when considering how decisive the battle was. ("you mention the losses of islands in the Caribbean, but they were mostly of little importance") Yes, but that it happened shows the effect on Spanish naval power the battle had. Your 5th point is a bit weird. Spain only lost the Spanish Netherlands in 1713 while the battle of the Downs was fought in 1639? Why wasn't Spain able to support the Spanish Netherlands over sea during that time. The reality is that Spain couldn't. The Spanish navy barely existed aymore during the wars of Louis XIV and even needed Dutch support in its home waters. You don't have to remind me that Spanish naval power somewhat recovered 80 years after the Downs. I already wrote that in my first comment. It does nothing to minimize the decisiveness of the battle of the Downs.

      @5thMilitia@5thMilitia10 ай бұрын
  • Managed to get here early

    @bruhbruh-us6gl@bruhbruh-us6gl10 ай бұрын
  • I like your videos but need to do away with background music

    @danol.8595@danol.859510 ай бұрын
  • though interesting as this is, and maybe it is just me, but it does not really answer the question for me how/why these sieges decided the fate of europe? Is it because of the rise of protestantism, the fall of catholicism, (start of the) fall of the spanish colonial empire, developments in (siege) warfare or something else? can someone help me answer this?

    @TheGodshelper@TheGodshelper10 ай бұрын
    • Haha he doesnt know

      @colin3424@colin34249 ай бұрын
  • I love your work! However, your coverage is very western-centric (I assume because you're western European yourself). I feel like many people (myself obviously included) would love it if you covered some of the many sieges that happened in the "east". Personally I'd love to see coverage of the siege of Siget/Szigetvar which was one of the most important sieges of the "early" Ottoman wars in that part of the world. It practically saved Vienna from Suleiman the Magnificent.

    @user-il6li4jf3y@user-il6li4jf3y10 ай бұрын
  • Ich komme für die großen historischen Zusammenhänge und bleibe für putzig animierte Papageien und Igel :D

    @civ-fanboy2137@civ-fanboy213710 ай бұрын
  • Speaking of sieges.. Siege machines when?

    @leon--osseusii4664@leon--osseusii466410 ай бұрын
  • It has become my favourite past time to spot the dead reclining readcoat guy with a rifle in his multiple disguises. Poor guy, was punished with an eternity of dying in battles for his Taylor-Swift--music-loving crimes

    @AntipaladinPedigri@AntipaladinPedigri7 ай бұрын
  • Was There Any Major Sieges in the Thirty Years war on the Franco-Spanish Border?

    @Mr_St_Lazarus-1099@Mr_St_Lazarus-10999 ай бұрын
    • Not really. Most of the French-Spanish action took place on the border between France and the Spanish Netherlands.

      @anderskorsback4104@anderskorsback41049 ай бұрын
  • @beepboop204@beepboop20410 ай бұрын
  • I am eagerly waiting for swedish phase shame that this era doesnt get an attention it needs.

    @montezmontez8887@montezmontez888710 ай бұрын
  • hah, geopolitics was just as much a thing back then as it is today

    @megalonoobiacinc4863@megalonoobiacinc48636 ай бұрын
  • Whats a sand roman?

    @54032Zepol@54032Zepol10 ай бұрын
    • Szandor and Rhoman run this channel.

      @Catonius@Catonius10 ай бұрын
  • How much in modern day worth was Hein's haul worth?

    @plafskijenkins1357@plafskijenkins135710 ай бұрын
    • I have seen estimates vary greatly. From a 100 million to tens of billions

      @5thMilitia@5thMilitia10 ай бұрын
    • Well, it financed a pivotal and majority part of an entire war (that episode of the Eight Years War). So the cost equivalent is 'most of a whole war'. The costs of the Ukraine War, the modern equivalent we could measure it against, currently runs into the hundreds of billions (military gear, ammunition, lost government revenue, costs of running the government under wartime conditions). Not counting things like damage to the country itself ($ 137 billion) or lost revenue from occupation as those are losses, not investments into waging the war itself. So by that comparison Piet Hein's capture of the silverfleet would equate to € 150-500 billion in today's money.

      @nvelsen1975@nvelsen197510 ай бұрын
    • @@nvelsen1975 That's actually a good point. What an absolute madlad.

      @Thomas-xd4cx@Thomas-xd4cx10 ай бұрын
    • Such modern-day equivalent worth numbers can't really be calculated meaningfully. Even calculating modern-day year-on-year inflation is ultimately arbitrary, since all commodities don't increase in price at the same rate. Multiply that by a few centuries or even millennia, you get the idea. A more relevant way to understand large sums of historical money is to compare them to the GDP or government revenues of that time. In the case of Piet Hein's haul, it was equal to 9 months of Dutch military expenditure.

      @anderskorsback4104@anderskorsback41049 ай бұрын
  • Business is booming for cannon-smiths.

    @napoleonibonaparte7198@napoleonibonaparte719810 ай бұрын
    • it "was" booming in the 17th century..and it "is" booming in early 21th.. the death machine is the best european business still 🤑🤑🤑🤪

      @redcapetimetraveler7688@redcapetimetraveler768810 ай бұрын
    • @@redcapetimetraveler7688 Most of this business is outsourced to the U.S.

      @MrNiceGuyHistory@MrNiceGuyHistory10 ай бұрын
    • @@MrNiceGuyHistory , sure it is outsourced in the USA..because de-industrialized Europe tries to cut defense spendings by hosting US/NATO 's troops ( right now 130 000 US personnels deployed in Europe with nukes that''s more military spendings than most of those weak countries ).That's why the USA is ruling over its most bankable colony : Europe ! and this is why the words "nordsteams " and "seymour hersh" are nowhere to be found in european medias...outsourcing power bases : the new suicidal european trend !

      @redcapetimetraveler7688@redcapetimetraveler768810 ай бұрын
    • weren't canons made in foundries by then?

      @mariushunger8755@mariushunger875510 ай бұрын
  • 1628 and 1629: the Years of Sieges....

    @dominicguye8058@dominicguye80582 ай бұрын
  • Why do you call the Holy Roman Empire as Germany?

    @mihalygarancsi3692@mihalygarancsi36926 ай бұрын
    • Germany is the region, like the USA is referred to as America.

      @generaltom6850@generaltom68504 ай бұрын
  • Algorithms-isms

    @chrisbackhouse5730@chrisbackhouse57309 ай бұрын
  • The holy royal ripoff they should have called it.

    @michaelsweeney4547@michaelsweeney45476 ай бұрын
    • Why though? At it's inception at the beginning of the Middle Ages it was a proper successor (compared to Byzantine Empire at the time) to the Roman Empire

      @nanikore111@nanikore1115 ай бұрын
  • Gustavus Adolphus officers: this reckless bravery one day will kill Your Majesty! GARS: not today. (Gustavus Adolphus Rex Sveciae)

    @ewok40k@ewok40k10 ай бұрын
  • Not the Siege of Malta by the Turks then?

    @andytyrrell5153@andytyrrell51539 ай бұрын
    • prob outside the scope of the vid

      @xpena7420@xpena74209 ай бұрын
    • Wrong century. He has another video on that.

      @anderskorsback4104@anderskorsback41049 ай бұрын
  • 0:12 The audio said "Gdansk" while the map is showing "Danzig", of which Danzig would be the correct option

    @Argacyan@Argacyan10 ай бұрын
    • gdansk is polish. it’s just as correct.

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
    • shut up

      @guaporeturns9472@guaporeturns947210 ай бұрын
    • no, Danzig would not be the correct option, maybe don't speak when you're ignorant.

      @Vormav777@Vormav7779 ай бұрын
  • Dutch rule, Spanish drool.

    @cereal_thinker@cereal_thinker9 ай бұрын
    • quite the opposite actually... Spain was the great empire of the time and the Dutch fought very hard for a land of no great value. It was more a question of keeping the authority. When the Dutch became independent it was also expelled from Brasil and Angola, and Spain remained very rich and powerful but lost Portugal also. The dutch also failed to capture the phillipines but nevertheless was able to start their own overseas empire. After 1648 Spain kept very slowly loosing power in europe for several complex reasons. The genocidal behaviour of the protestant countries made the colonies very industrial and european-like...

      @andreoliveira685@andreoliveira685Ай бұрын
  • PLZ DO INDIAN HISTORY

    @unkownhistory7660@unkownhistory766010 ай бұрын
    • what happens in india in the time period this channel covers?

      @clintmoor422@clintmoor42210 ай бұрын
    • @@ThomasElmet I would absolutely love some videos about the Mughals and other Indian empires.

      @ProvidenceNL@ProvidenceNL10 ай бұрын
    • yes, it would be great

      @mandranmagelan9430@mandranmagelan943010 ай бұрын
    • nah

      @Catonius@Catonius10 ай бұрын
  • You spelled Kiev wrong

    @Ghastly_Grinner@Ghastly_Grinner10 ай бұрын
    • It's how the Ukranians spell it, and it's become the officially recognised spelling ever since Russia invaded.

      @sahanavica.5574@sahanavica.557410 ай бұрын
    • @@sahanavica.5574 Ukraine hasn't been a legitimate country since the 2014 coup when they became a puppet state. So it's Kiev

      @Ghastly_Grinner@Ghastly_Grinner10 ай бұрын
    • @@Ghastly_Grinner Go cry about it somewhere else, you're ruining the vibe with your weird alternate reality rambling.

      @sahanavica.5574@sahanavica.557410 ай бұрын
    • @@sahanavica.5574 cope Russian forces continue to eat the ukranian military alive while nato watches on impotently eventually the ukraine will run out if conscripts to throw into minefields 🤷‍♂️

      @Ghastly_Grinner@Ghastly_Grinner10 ай бұрын
    • ​@@sahanavica.5574bro he's a troll just ignore him

      @spawnofyakub8390@spawnofyakub839010 ай бұрын
  • Great video!

    @ExperiencePlayers@ExperiencePlayers10 ай бұрын
    • Glad you enjoyed it

      @SandRhomanHistory@SandRhomanHistory10 ай бұрын
KZhead