Cryogenic treatment of drill bits: tested 2X lifetime and microstructure analysis
I bought some HSS stub drills, and treated half of them with liquid nitrogen, which improved their wear resistance dramatically. I also look at the change in microstructure with an electron microscope.
Performance of cryogenically treated M35 HSS drills - sci-hub.ru/10.1007/s00170-011-...
Performance of cryogenically treated HSS tools - sci-hub.ru/10.1016/j.wear.2006...
Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Strength
Properties - sci-hub.ru/10.1088/1757-899X/2...
LN2 generator video: • Liquid Nitrogen Genera...
Heat treatment of steel video: • Intro to heat treatmen...
Source of drill bits: www.mcmaster.com/catalog/125/...
Temperature logger (discontinued, unfortunately): www.adafruit.com/product/3081
3M fine polishing pads: www.amazon.com/Tri-M-Ite-Poli...
Delorean patent on cryogenic torsion bar: patents.google.com/patent/US4...
Steel grain structure inspection, and overall great channel for material analysis: • Metallography Part II ...
Steel grain structure video: • Grain Structure of Steel
Applied Science on Patreon: / appliedscience
great video as always... answered a few questions I've always had. They laughed at me when I told them my drills were being cryogenically frozen with me.
I heard you loaned your time lathe to Ben to get his DeLorean from the future
We need a collab
@Grant Craig This Old Ben ... Kenobi
Funny, as I was watching this vid, I thought "This Old Tony would love this information." Thanks for crossing that off my list.
ToT approved? I already know I'll like this.
I liked the part where you DECLARED THE RESULTS AT THE START OF THE VIDEO. Truly applied science.
Half the fun is finding out what he had to improvise to complete the project.
It feels that much more sincere that way, not that I had any doubts
It’s a video abstract.
But that is like any situation where you are the producer/director (réalisateur in French/realizer) the movie can end anyway you want - unless like our good man here, Applied Science (Ben Krasnow), you are essentially scrupulous in your execution. And why all experimental science requires calibration to standards and verification by replication (statistically and by method and design). Here he is actually reproducing known results as a personal verification for his own wider understanding of the process and we gain as a fortunate byproduct.
Don't get me wrong, I still enjoyed watching the whole video! I just enjoyed it more not having to worry about waiting/looking for the results.
Hey! I made that temperature data logger! :-)
Such a small world!
And we thank you for your efforts. Thanks bud
“But lucky for us, I have a scanning electron microscope...” I was already impressed by the liquid nitrogen machine god damn
When I heard that I was like:.. O_o WAT?
yes dude, I also thought I need a liquid nitrogen machine...ma so jealous now :D
Liquid nitrogen machine for your beer perfect size almost
@@lewisavinash1 And only 150W oO
My favorite part about this channel, following for like ten years, is always something like this
You have a DeLorean. I didn't think I could like this channel any more than I already do
one day on this channel we are going to see a video on how he converted it to a time machine.
Doc Emmett Brown levels of cool, at this point.
@@Amipotsophspond If we talk about star gate portals, he'll start tinkering and figure one out. Lets push star gates around here for awhile and see what happens.
He also has a tesla I think. So cool cars for a cool person.
im not into cars at all, but a delorean :) love em !
I suspect the Venn diagram of people with DeLoreans and people with electron microscopes is a single circle.
hahaha true story =) any owner of a DeLorean keeps few electron microscopes next to the doom devices box )))
Wait, you mean to tell me that they don't come as a combo deal from the factory?
I suspect Doc would have had a electron microscope
It is a popular car among eccentric scientists.
And people who pronounce "gigawatt" correctly. After all, it's the same root as "gigantic", a giant isn't a guy-ant (it's almost the exact opposite).
I love this channel! The guy's got his own electron microscope and today he casually tells us he's got a Delorean, but what he's interested in is the cryo-treated door mech. What more can i say? 🙂
I make custom knives and I can tell you the difference is night and day in edge retention. Great video showing the microscopic effects of the cryogenic process. Thanks for sharing your time and talent!
"I happen to have a DeLorean" **huh, interesting** "I happen to have a liquid nitrogen generator" **mild irritation and jealousy** "I happen to have a scanning electron microscope" **rage quit... also subscribe.**
with 500k subs u can buy free cnc machine's too not to forget
Ben’s nerd flexing on us.
"I have a scanning electron microscope" 🤯
@@_BangDroid_ That's a pickup line I've never tried. Mostly because I don't have a scanning electron microscope...
Spoiled bastard, my wife wont even let me use my plasma cutter in the garage I have to do it outside
Haha showing off all the cool tools in this one. Very interesting!
Has a DeLorean. Doesn't have a collet wrench.
How awesome to just have a scanning electron microscope sitting around
Fancy seein you here. Now where’s machine thinking and the gang
Tempering and hardening of only certain parts is a common practice. So just putting the tip of the drill bit into the nitrogen to allow it to get as hard as possible but allowing the shaft to remain softer/less brittle.
It's a slow process inside an insulated space. While I'm not _sure,_ it wouldn't surprise me at _all_ if the bit was thermally conductive enough for this to not matter all that much.
The rare occasion that 'just the tip' is preferable :)
If this is so good I wonder how you recognize with a drill treated in this way and where you buy this cunt
🤔
If you spindle has a VFD on it there is often an analog out line that is programmable to do something like a 0-10v signal based on current. You could monitor this for spindle load and get a more accurate result of what you would consider worn out. You could also chart this per hole and see of there is a trend over the life.
Genius
"...luckily, I have a Hadron Collider in my basement, right between the Gravitational Wave Detector's tunnels and the Neutrino Detector's cave, so I took a few shots of the Higgs..."
LOL
😄 close, very close
FYI Interferene of your Haddon Collider distorts neutrino count data squared to the distance
I took a few shots of Ardbeg.
I'll just pull out my portable fusion reactor for this test. Lol
"I hope I answered questions you've had for a long time, too." Ben, you answer questions most of us never even knew to ask. But I'm super glad you do.
I don't even do anything related to CNC or metallurgy and I watched the whole video. You're very good at keeping viewers engaged. Very interesting video.
Cool to see you using the Pax Instruments logger. I hung out with Charles Pax in Shenzhen while he was developing it. It's a pretty slick piece of kit, but I haven't seen many people using them.
no reply, why not :-)
"Luckily for me, I have a time machine." - Ben Krasnow
"Say, Professor McGonagall, did you know that time-reversed ordinary matter looks just like antimatter? Why yes it does! Did you know that one kilogram of antimatter encountering one kilogram of matter will annihilate in an explosion equivalent to 43 million tons of TNT? Do you realise that I myself weigh 41 kilograms and that the resulting blast would leave A GIANT SMOKING CRATER WHERE THERE USED TO BE SCOTLAND?"
Today on Applied Science we'll be retrofitting a Delorean with a portable fusion device.
This video took me back almost 50 years to when I started my apprenticeship in a metallurgy lab. The first thing I did for the first three months was to learn to polish micro samples. I must admit that your first attempts weren't bad, but here are a couple of tips for anybody wanting to try it out for themselves. 1. Put the abrasive papers on a glass plate with plenty of water, even better angle the glass plate and let the water run down the abrasive papers. 2. Hold the specimen so that all the grinding marks run in one direction and when moving to the next paper turn the specimen through 90° and grind until all previous grinding marks have been removed. This will give you a better start when you start polishing on cloths with diamond paste. The last time I visited a met lab, it's all done on machines these days, it used to be an art but has now been lost.
It's still an art, even with machines, in my experience. Back in the late '80s through the '90s, when I was last practicing, I had access to machines but in most cases preferred to prepare the samples by hand. It was easier to monitor/adjust through the process when working by hand, and there was less cross-contamination of grits. There was typically a perfect consistency for the higher-grit abrasive slurries (I only rarely used diamond, alumina was better for my usual samples) on the cloth, and you could tell by feel as you were holding the sample, and adjust with water or more slurry to maintain that perfect balance between material removal and buffing action. But I was only preparing at most a couple dozen samples per day. The machines had a tendency to over-remove material/over-polish, and many of my samples I was trying to wind up on a specific cross-sectional plane, so again, easier by hand. All that said, your advice on preparation is sound.
@@EricStuyvesant I have spent the last 25-30 years working as a 3rd Party/Vendor Inspector. This has meant visits to Metlabs to witness Tensile, Impact and Hardness testing and occasionally looking at micro specimens. I can't honestly remember the last time I saw a facility capable of producing specimens by hand. Occasionally I have asked the staff whether they could produce specimens manually, the overwhelming answer was "No". And this why I call it a "lost art". The true mastery of this art is to get scratch-free specimens, right to the edge. In the late 70s, I did a fill-in job for a couple months, training an ex-welder to prepare micros but preparing the difficult ones myself. This lab did make production micros, but also micros on defective boiler walls, which required totally scratch free samples because the edges of the sample were the critical areas being examined. So considering that most boiler walls were scaly rust coated (which constantly broke off when you really didn't need it), at after etching, Nital seeping out between the rust scale and metal to discolour the micro, because the microscope light was emitting so much heat. Mounting these in epoxy only made the situation worse. We tried an ultrasonic bath, but then the solvent leaked out under the microscope. All I can say finally, is that it took a long time to train this guy up to the standard required.
@@captainpugwash4100 I dont work in a metlab but abour 3 meters from one. And they still do alot of specimens by hand, especially the finish.
met... lab? FBI, OPEN UP!!!
@@captainpugwash4100 What I do for samples with cracks or pores is take compressed air and gently blow the samples surface from a low angel and it helps to get the fluid out of the pores. Even then though you run the risk of fluids in the cracks. The worst is when the enchant seeps out of the cracks or pores and over etches the sample. I wish someone would come up with a way to get a two part epoxy with one component that seeps in and then you just have the co-reactant seal up the pores on the surface
That comparison you made between cement/rocks and steel/carbide precipitates was just amazing. Thank you for this awesome content.
thats true. I loved my mathereology lessons so much! but I never understand the sense of "solid solution of carbon in iron" so clear like now with this cement.
@@Ritefita Indeed! I'm an engineer and this comparison never came to my mind.
Dang, I'm consistently stunned at the amazing quality of your videos. I learn every day that there are even more things that I know nothing about, but man is it a pleasure to learn with you. Hats off to you Ben!
wow real science, real test, real experiment, real reference to primary sources! impressive...which more youtuber did this
Thought Emporium NileRed Wendover Productions AvE ElectroBOOM bigclivedotcom The Engineer Guy Clickspring The good youtubers are out there, you just need to find them.
@@Asdayasman The Engineer Guy and Wendover are great but they don't do tests or experiments, they explain things. I can add Kurzgesagt to that list. Others, like Veritasium and Technology Connections, also mostly show and tell, but they occasionally do some tests. I'll have to check the others you mentioned.
@@ironcito1101 They are more product/process oriented, but if you like no nonsense scientific/quantitative reviews CNC Kitchen is great for 3d printing and Project Farm is fantastic for shop tools/automotive.
Smarter Every Day
"I have a delorean... I have a cryo cooler... I have a SEM..." I have nothing but jealousy!
Yep. If I had half of his 'toys' I'd be making youtube videos also.
For real. The hits just kept coming all video long. Insert WWE Vince McMahon meme.
He gets so excited when he starts talking about his scanning electron microscope
I’d settle for his ability to keep his workshop tidy.
Ikr
I absolutely love the way you explain things. Enough detail to keep someone familiar with the subject engaged, but not so much that it bewilders those with less prior knowledge. I wish I could explain things like you do. Keep em coming and have a splendid day!
Great video! I'm a Mechanical Engineer and it's being 25 years since I took my Metallurgy classes 😁, and you have reminded me all the classes. Your explanation was right on and simple. Excellent!
HAHA quirks and features! We’ve got a Doug watcher here!!
hahaaaa,,,yep
My exact thought.
I'm apparently out of the loop. Who is Doug? (I'm going to regret asking since I already watch way too much KZhead.)
@@ddegn Doug Demuro. He reviews cars.
@@albertlagermanI've watched a few of Doug's videos but I haven't watched enough of them to recognize a commonly used phrase. Thanks for letting me which Doug was being referenced.
May I just say I appreciate the quality of your audio? The lav (or otherwise) mic you use for live shots is killer.
I think he has an external preamp with auto gain control, audio almost never reaches the clipping limits.
Your channel is my favorite science related channel, and it keeps my passion for such things alive!
Amazing science, demos and more!! One personal observation: for me as I'm a bit "auditory delayed ADHD" type, Ben's presentation clarity and especially his tempo or meter is so engaging. In this nutty fast-paced world your presentation dynamics are the best!! I'm reminded that my best professors in school had this unique ability to use the pause, tone of voice and again tempo which garners greater attention, retention and frankly great enjoyment!! Well done on many levels!!!
So excited to watch this but before I do just wanted to thank you for the consistency amazing content you make for us all :) Every video is to the point and about the subject matter. Pure science. Thanks!!
The trick for your mounts is to use material of a similar hardness in the epoxy. Steel BBs are often used in industry.
Just throw three steel nuts into the epoxy as outriggers. That will level the epoxy mount's wear.
A phenolic resin is what is most used in Industry
Sorry to disagree, but I have imaged hundreds of epoxy mounts in the SEM, and still do presently. Buehler's EpoThin and Struer's Specifix-20 are the most common. Allied High Tech's EpoSet is next. There are others. The low-viscosity epoxies take longer to cure, but offer excellent penetration and "edge retention". You do not get this from any of the "hot mount" materials, including the phenolics. All of the hots outgas incredibly in the vacuum of the SEM. The speed of the hot mounts does not surpass the quality of the expoxies. My two cents...
@@JimQuinn11794 mhm, i know some of these words
@@JimQuinn11794 Are you an alien??? Because i understood bassically um "my 2 cents" lol
once again, I cannot stress out enough how much I love your vids. Thank you
Took a Material Science class recently and its so cool allready having a good back ground and understanding about whats going on. Thanks for the great vid. Love this channel a ton!
The compactness of presentation really stands out in these videos. Super high quality content.
I have found companies selling cryo bits taken to the point that they are so brittle you just can't use them in anything outside of a very expensive CnC machine. Anything but precise ins and outs with perfectly controlled speeds and they shatter like glass. They also last forever.
Thanks for The vijeo, Ben! It's good to see you again. Cool topic once again, I'm never let down!
One of the most interesting vids I've seen in a while! Thank you!
You could have totally gone with "Double drill bit life with one SIMPLE trick" and a thumbnail with a red circle on something and totally gotten away with it. Also, for polishing fiber optic polishing film may come in handy. You can get aluminum oxide (cheap, $0.50/sheet sort of range) down to 0.05um, and get a good optical finish on most things. Maybe not fully diffraction limited, but you sure wont see the scratches. Diamond film comes down to 0.5um, and is a little less reasonably priced, but will polish whatever you want to use it on.
@अल्ली X He actually put out a video about that, and how he didn't do this for a living, so didn't care to get caught up in the clickbaity game. All the respect to Mr. Krasnow.
Gotta love those red circles. ⭕
The joke Ben made in one episode showing what a AS clickbait thumbnail would look like still makes me chuckle.
👀👀👀👀👀👀 Fiber optic polishing film, huh.
Not necessarily, Ali. Such clickbait would either attract amateur handymen, or those who want a quick fix for everything. Neither group are likely to become interested in the topic, whereas the scientifically inclined might be put off by clickbait.
Ben is just checking all the boxes on this video. Delorean. Cryo. Electron Microscope.
And high metal removal rate. Don't forget the metal removal rate.
Love the no messing delivery. Good work.
Hi Ben! Thank you very much for this interesting video, it was a real joy to watch! Also seeing someone having his personal SEM in his work shop was amazing! :-D While I heard about cryo-treatment before, I never really touched the literature about it until now. To be straight forward, I am pretty sure there is no generally accepted reason why cryo-treatment seems to work that well. The explanation often given in literature is the one you also used. Converting retained austenite to martensite increases hardness and thereby tool performance. While I could not find the precise high speed steel used for these bits on the manufacturers page you linked, their heat treatment is basically always the same. After hardening they are all tempered to increase the toughness of martensite AND transform retained austenite to martensite. Hence, after the typical heat treatment, there shouldn't be any retained austenite left. Consequently, the transformation of retained austenite to martensite cannot be the cause of the observed performance increase. You also mentioned that the procedure worked despite the fact that these bits were heat treated some while ago. This also points away from the presented explanation, since retained austenite is in fact thermodynamically stabilized by carbon that diffuses into it after quenching. However, maybe the cryogenic temperature reaches below the stabilized austenite's Mf temperature. Some more comments: By tempering high speed steels, their martensitic phase does not become softer that much, due to the precipitation of secondary hardening carbides (typically Mo2C and VC). The higher alloyed tool steels, such as HSS, might even increase in terms of hardness, depending on tempering temperature and duration. Practical tempering of HSS does also not include the formation of pearlite in the microstructure, but the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, reducing martensite tetragonality (increases toughness), and precipitation of secondary hardening carbides. These secondary hardening carbides are in the range of some nm and hence significantly contribute to the hardness of the materials by precipitation hardening. The carbides you observed via SEM are much larger primary or proeutectoid carbides which are designed into the steels for tribological reasons. However, those large carbides do not significantly contribute to the overall hardness or strength of the steel. The difference in the former austenite grain boundaries (in which the martensite laths form) look like etching artifact to me. But could also be a valid difference between the samples. If you want to check for that possibility you would just need to polish some more samples and analyze whether this difference between treated and untreated samples appear continuously. Finally I'd like to mention again that I really enjoyed your video. However, as a material scientist I just could not help myself but comment on some details. All the best, Joe
Great comment. I was looking for someone with some sense in the comments. I can't find anything explaining the true mechanism behind this but I would love to hear if you have discovered anything
Hello Joe. Slight correction on what is otherwise a very well written comment: Even triple tempering of some HSS grades will still leave you with some retained austenite. It'll go down certainly but not disappear altogether. (I too noticed the steel grade wasn't mentioned on that link let alone the thermal history so we can only speculate what the content is for those bits) Deep cryogenic treatment has a poor history alas. There were wild claims from industry and a load of absolute dross published in the 1990s which gave the whole thing a bad reputation as snake oil. Most of the benefits come down to full transformation martensite which doesn't take 20 odd hours to achieve. There are hints that in some steels (but not others) you do see benefits like finer and more evenly dispersed carbides. Though as you say the mechanism isn't understood. We'd need a cold stage TEM and careful machining to investigate properly and to the best of my knowledge no one has done that yet.
@@GemAppleTom Hello Tom, thanks for your comment. I agree with you, I should have been more precise on the matter of retained austenite content. Some time ago, we investigated the retained austenite content of HSS after quenching and tempering via synchrotron XRD. While we were able to clearly identify austenite peaks, austenite content was negligible. I'd love to give you the precise numbers, but I simply do not remember them. But yes, none at all is not correct. With regard to your comment on dispersion and size of the secondary carbides. I could certainly imagine that the cryo treatment overall causes a higher dislocation density in the martensite formed at cryogenic temperature as compared to the martensite formed from retained austenite at tempering temperature. Higher dislocation density means a higher number of potential heterogeneous nucleation sites for the carbides. However, that's just a qualitative statement of course. Best, Joe
I wish you did an audio frequency test before and after. Ring the bit like a bell.
Analyzing the waveforms could possibly tell contaminants, hardness, damage of the material.
Science is awesome
ohhh resonance check... god damm never thought of that .. !!!
You're on to something, but ringing the bit wouldn't tell you much that is definitive. However, analyzing the sound while it is drilling can give a more consistent EOL point.
@@e4Bc4Qf3Qf7 yes it is!
Fabulous content, as usual. Bravo indeed. I can barely believe that was seventeen mins. It flashed by so fast it felt like barely half that time. Superb.
Same. I thought I'd skipped a bit, so watched it twice!! True story!
The research work performed... just amazing quality and detail. Well done.
Not really new news, but I was happy to see your down to earth approach to validate what was happening! Kudos! I've been using Cryo brake rotors on my cars for years.
"Quarks and features" - shout out to Doug!! Also, I did not know you owned a DeLorean! My gawd, that thing is gorgeous! Coolness factor just went up so much
I was hoping you'd break some to test the change in toughness. Great video, as always! 👍
This is well narrated and engaging while being super educational. You must have put a ton of hard work into it. Thanks!
*I just found you by accident, and I am in awe! Your garage was my basement before fire destroyed it. I'm a biology / biochem freak, but we seem to have very similar kinds of fevers! I LOVE this! Definite new sub, and I plan to start with your first video and work my way back to the present. Thank you! This is better than going back to school (at 67, I don't know how I'd handle that)!*
This was very interesting. The continued conversion to martensite at cryogenic temperatures is well predicted with metallurgy theory. I have treated aluminum using a similar cryogenic process with the end objective of making the aluminum more stable so it retains its shape or flatness over time. Weirdly enough it works and I don't know why. I have never found an explanation in metallurgy theory. I looked about 15 years ago and found a few papers where they were using this process on telescope parts (University of Arizona). Have you ever looked as something like this? I have left this behind because of a different job where high precision aluminum parts is no longer a requirement but every once in a while I'm reminded..
Work-hardening? Creating a tangle of screw dislocations? I mean it contracts and then expands
If its wrought aluminum it is probably precipitation hardening. Age hardenable aluminum precipitates copper even at room temperature. Thats why high end aluminum castings and wrought parts sit for a couple weeks to let them age
Mhm Duraluminum and its process is about 100 years old so I would say the information was even 1990 public available you just used the wrong search method or you didn't stumbled across sertain keywords properly because you thought of harding with a matrix shift like in steel but aluminium and its hex matrix doesn't do that
I’m going to start giving my drill bits a Doug score.
You really do answer questions I’ve had my whole life in every video.
I've watched and enjoyed your videos when they pop up in my suggestions (and Hackaday), but you just earned my subscription because you own a dream car.
In terms of toughness vs hardness, they aren't always mutually exclusive. It would be interesting to see what happens if you increase the hardness by cryotreating then tempering to the same hardness as untreated bits, I guarantee that the toughness will still be higher. Partially this is due to the more consistent grain structure, I'm not very good at explaining it but basically the unconverted martensite acts as weak points and when you finish converting the martensite then the sum of toughness and hardness increases overall because you remove those weak points. Edit: if my memory is correct I believe the unconverted martensite is actually called retained austenite, as it's austenite that hasn't been fully converted to martensite during quench.
amazing video, I really hooked up into this one because of my metallurgical engineering degree. About the temper after the cryo treatment paper thingy. Basically, tool steels are meant to be hard, wear resistant and tough (so it doesn't break under service), that is controlled by the carbon content and carbide precipitation. The more carbide, the harder the steel, but the tougher phase is the martensite, relatively speaking. And the higher the carbon content in martensite, the lower the toughness of the steel. HSS tools are actually tempered 2 to 3 times in order to fully temper the structure and reduce the brittle newly created martensite by carbide precipitation. The paper's author hypothesis would be that the newly fresh martensite formed at cryo temperatures would be of high carbon content and would need to be annealed. Not sure how good that hypothesis is tho, since carbon diffusion is really higher than the other elements (Cr, V, Mo).
...and thats why you dont see cryo treatment used for professional applications. The advantages vs the cost doesnt make sense. If you need harder than HSS , theres carbide, and a few other HSS treaments which is much quicker and cheaper to make.
@@tubester4567 used for gages.
I've always been confused about the ability of HSS to be treated red hot when grinding it to form, without it losing its temper or hardness. Why is that?
@@xenonram Remember that the term "HSS" encompasses a whole range of tool steels. Some have higher heat tolerance than others, but getting a HSS to true "red hot" is generally going to cost it some hardness. It's the alloy constituents and treatment that determine how much heat it will take before property degradation.
@@xenonram Most grinding operations of HSS involve coolant. Even if you're sharpening a drill by hand you need to keep it cool as possible by dipping it in coolant. HSS does lose some hardness when it gets hot, as has been said. Most professional machines that use HSS cutters have coolant running to keep everything cool.
You have just taught me more about metallurgy than endless amount of metallurgy lessons at school. Thank You.
Well done Ben , this is extraordinary information and a fantastic presentation .
We have been cryo treating automotive racing parts (brake rotors, gears, bearings...) for many years and they benefits have been well proven. They also show that it essentially doubles the life of many high wearing components. Cryo treated brake rotors are very common. Great demonstration, thanks.
Hello Eric. Do you leave the parts at low temp for a long time (24+ hours) or just a couple of hours?
We have had great success cryogenically treat different components also. Rotors, tooling and gun barrels the most.
If it makes it harder and more brittle, how is this a good application for the torsion bar?
Maybe because it's stainless, DeLorean wanted everything stainless and it's the closest way to make stainless like a spring steel.
Upping it's yield strength I suppose so that the fatigue life is extended if I had to guess.
Yeah, how about your topic raiser question, Ben? 😃
It only has to be flexible enough. After that it's only decreasing the plasticity of the steel, which decreases the formation of stress concentratons.
Torsion bars aren’t typically subject to sudden shocks, I can’t see an issue with it. Spring steels are usually hardened as it makes them more resistant to plastic deformation and gives them a higher spring constant.
Wow, extremely, extremely interesting, useful and well explained! It's also incredible to see how your creativity and cleverness allows you to do research in your garage that measures up very well to university-level research.
Incredible video. Makes sense why Lie-Nielsen has the blades of their planes cryogenically treated. Thanks for this awesome test and video.
I think this might be the only channel on KZhead where it MAY be possible to recreate the carbohydrate (direct carbon) fuel cells and even play with the technology (maybe even improve on it considering how young it is). I would REALLY like to see that.
I've wondered about cryo treated engine blocks. Would be interesting to see how much longer they last vs non treated.
If at all. They might just crack right away
@@JakeWitmer wrong, cryo treating is a common process in racing
Great video, lots of detail. Sounds a lot like what I used to do as a thermal spray engineer. I wasn't modifying the grain structure as so much as I was giving it a thermal and hardness coating for various reasons. Props for best practices though, polishing, etching, etc. How have I never seen your channel before? Now I'm subscribed, gave you a thumbs up, and will be watching quite a bit more of your fantastic videos. Thanks for giving the world this amazing info.
Your channel is a joy, thanks for sharing all the fun and knowledge.
“Lucky for us, I have a scanning electron microscope” ... ultimate flex
"I just happened to have a cryocooler" Things mad scientists say.
usually i only watch and never comment on any video! but i wanna thank you for your work here! it is so impressive and very inspiring! to make it short, thank you so much! greetings from germany!
Thank you for a very informative video. I'll use this as a quick reference for our tradesmen warning them to be careful when shrinking bearings using liquid nitrogen that they can in fact potentially affect ferrous bearing material the longer they leave them in the N2
I got a good laugh out of the "if you don't have a cryo cooler" comment. Lol. Very cool video
"Heaven forbid" 😁
Yeah, since Ben's video these are now very expensive (though Ben also got lucky), so "magical unobtainium" as tesla500 said.
Tempering improves the Austinite to Martinsite transition. That is the simple part. The other part is the de-hydrogenation of the steel through the grain boundry area. You did a great job here that's for sure. I've been doing cryo treatment for over 12 years now using a CPI 500 cryo system, and there is much to report.
Yeah, I've been reading knife steel nerd's articles and it does a good job explaining this. Retained austenite isn't great for performance, and tempered martensite at the same hardness will certainly outperform it. Just don't over-temper into martensite enbrittlement. Cryo seems most effective immediately after quenching, even a cold freezer will net half the effect of liquid nitrogen, and even liquid nitrogen loses some effectiveness after an hour thanks to austenite stabilization. Cryo still works after tempering, but not as effectively.
Your content is amazing. More noteworthy, you have one of very few channels on KZhead where the comments are numerous and also not a cesspool of stupid / hate / negativity. There should be an award for that.
Back in the day, I was a project engineer for my Fortune 500 facility. We drilled holes from .187 to .625, at 1-2 diameters depth. Finish, roundness, and straightness were super critical, measured in .0001. We used carbide bits, which were very expensive. One day an engineer from Cleveland Bits popped in, asking us to test a new gold TiN coating process. I must have measured 10K holes, and found TiN coating improved our drill life about 25%. It's worthless on all but precision, high production jobs on rock rigid equipment. But,,, all your tools, chemicals, processes, and lingo are very familiar to me. Enjoyed it!
I saw program about cryogenic treatment. It said that it works on everything from pantyhose, ballpoint pens, music instruments, rifle barrels, ect. ... This was years ago... Thanks for sharing your videos.
"I hope this answers questions that you've had for a long time, too." I guess 17 minutes is a long time, atomically speaking.
i love that you included a shot of the ice crystals. Imo that shows your love for science
Dear Ben, thanks for your excellent description of the science around cryogenic treatment of metals. I’m curious about your sources for the various ex-laboratory equipment that you happen to have laying about. My trips to the recycle centre produce some used planter pots and a very rusty old plane. Your collection is amazing. I can only imagine what you and your mates got up to in sleep-overs when you were a teenager - making all kinds of fascinating gadgets. I think that you are the first KZhead presenter that used a double-blind trial to help prove a theory about cryogenic hardening. You are also the first that searches the literature for verification of your results, not just arrogantly saying that they are correct because you did them yourself. Well done.
Your videos are amazing, answering questions I never knew I had fully, intelligently, with good detail, well explained, and not running adverts every few minutes, asking me to smash the like button etc. Real top notch quality content, thank you.
Fantastic video! For years I used a thermos for liquid nitrogen. It works fine as long as you leave the cap loose to vent gas.
fontastik
You have the "best toys" Love that cryo cooler. I used to have a smaller scanner , even smaller than that one of yours. Drove around to rural schools showing schools kids in the country all sorts of stuff in an SEM, we had modified it of course so it would pump down very faster without using a diffusion pump but by a turbo pump system. Great experiment! Great video!
One of the most under rated channels on KZhead.
That is absolutely fascinating all around. For one, I would have never considered that the martensite process could just be continued after months or years long normalization. I learned about 4 things here that I never knew or even considered about steel. Further, I create as well but can only imagine the time and effort put into a test like this. The only cryogenic process on metal I was ever familiar with was treating guitar strings (Blue Steel brand, which I have always used). I had never considered why it works so well to bring out brighter sound, now I have to find out. Great stuff as always. Thanks!
The "aging" process isn't unique to steels. Aluminum and cast iron castings machine entirely differently fresh cast vs. letting them sit on a shelf for a year.
@@ElizabethGreene That is very interesting.
Love when SEM is used in a video
Absolutely amazing breakdown
Half way thru and already must say this is seriously impressive and well made.
I’ve been interested in cryo treatment for a while now, so I really enjoyed this video. I want to build a LN2 generator, but I can’t find the cold head you used and I don’t know enough about how to power it. A more in-depth how-to in your build process would certainly be appreciated!
Best line from the video: “....but lucky for us, I happened to have a scanning electron microscope.” 😂
Finally a reason for the LN2 build project. All my CNC bits will now get this treatment. Long term expecting ROI to be worth it. Thanks!
Great stuff man! The cryro thing is freakin crazy! I would think that it would make the bits break quickly.I'm glad you found this out...Awesome news. Thanks for the great tips...
Lucky me, I have a machine that makes nitrogen liquid on demand ... That was cool!
"One of its many weird quirks and features" Someone else watches Doug 🤔
I came down to the comments to search if there's someone like me who could catch that phrase! "Quirks and Features" 😅
"🤔" 🤣🤣
THIS is my 1983 DMC DeLorean...
I like how you link to sci-hub for all of the papers :D
worth the wait for the video 10x every time!
I would like to see how much it really alters the hardness. A 3 point bend test and some hardness test is what would make the video complete. Then we could at least get a feeling of how much the drill life is improved due to hardening and how much due to structural change.
Damn, now I want to see that...
I would like to see this test done with taps !!
The holes are already there 😎
@@timorii sooo.... 1/4" hole is the tapping size for ? M7 X 0.75p seems close enough ?? 😎👍☘🍺
5/16"-18
Thank you for sharing, you transported me to my times at engineering school, (UTU- Uruguay) thank you and keep up the interesting work. Have a nice day.
Great video and break down of the cryogenic treating. Thanks for the details!
Dang... Always next level!!!
I could send that Delorean's ignition timing into the future with my prototype.
YOUR SHOW IS GREAT! Don’t stop!
This is something that years ago I have done myself before all the hype of cold treatment. I used max cobalt alloy drills and end mills. The process which took about three days really improved the life expectancy of the tooling. About 3 to 5 times to be exact. What got to me was how quickly the manufacturer caught on to the process. Do not totally understand the process but the process worked for me. This is similar to hardening HSS bits in liquid mercury which today is a big no no. You go through close to a dozen drill bits until you have one that survives, the rest explode into a cloud of dust. VERY DANGEROUS STUFF FOR SURE. ENCLOSURE A MUST FOR SAFETY. Nice work Sir too.