The War Aims of Each Nation in the Austro-Prussian War
2024 ж. 20 Мам.
174 230 Рет қаралды
In 1866, the Austro-Prussian war upended the European order, and led to the establishment of Prussian hegemony in Germany. This video aims to document some of the lesser known aims of the other major powers involved in the conflict.
Sources:
AJP Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe
Christopher Clark, Iron Kingdom
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:33 Austria
2:50 France
5:00 Italy
6:27 Wilhelmine Prussia
7:35 Bismarckian Prussia
#Bismarck, #AustrianEmpire, #Prussia,
I hope you enjoy this short video on the war aims of the interested nations in the Austro-Prussian war. If I had another week, I should have probably liked to have included a few other minor nations like Saxony and Hanover (though, apart from a few territorial changes, or in Saxony's case restoring its pre-Congress of Vienna borders, these states didn't really have any groundbreaking aims). Either way, I hope you can enjoy it. As usual feedback is welcomed, and feel free to point out any mistakes.
Looks great! I love the upload schedule
@Old Britannia I don't know what your intentions are for long term channel growth and direction, but, I would suggest you consider this. The algorithm may favor a series of longer documentaries of popular history topics, giving you a better opportunity for your work to reach a larger audience. The shorter videos may offer some reward in the short term, but, may fall into obscurity in the long term. Longer, higher quality videos may yield greater results in the long term. You have done a great job thus far with your history videos, especially covering the British Empire and the unification of the German States. Clear, in depth, and unprejudiced looks into such important periods of history are quite valuable. Keep up the great work. Three cheers from here in the United States.
@@Thoughtful7754 Thank you very much. And yes I absolutely agree. Longer form documentaries/series is what I’m looking to build up to. At the minute I’m still in very much an experimental phase with the channel, just to see what works, what I enjoy making etc. But it’s longer form documentaries is definitely what I want to switch to in the near future.
@@Thoughtful7754 The flipside to this is that longer videos, let's say 20 minutes or more, may dissuade casual viewers from watching them due to time constraints and suchlike. A good compromise might be a one hour documentary, but split into three or four parts for easy consumption. Just my 2c.
@@StaffordMagnus He could do a mix of both; a couple of short-term videos like this one and then a long video which, as you said, could be split into chapters.
More 19th century European history with colorful maps, favorite thing to see on my day off
You would love Victoria 2 & 3
Is Victoria 2 gonna become free once Victoria 3 comes out? Like what they did with Crusader Kings?
@@somehistorynerd I don't think so, CK2 was made free because you already have to pay around 5 times the base game's price in DLC
The funny colors on the maps really do make all the difference
Damn, can’t imagine anything more basic. Only ww2 fanatics are worse.
I hope you continue to focus on this period of history pre-WW1, you're filling in the void there is in youtube from this period with this perfectly animated and insightful content!
You might be interested in the Real Time History channel if you haven't heard of them already.
@@WildWight They’re good too, already subscribed to them
True. This era is looked over massively when so much 5D-chess was being played all over Europe.
“This strategic muddle alone shows why the Habsburgs deserved to lose in 1866.” Harsh but fair.
wasn't expecting to see you here
The Austrian strategy didn’t make sense at all. They would lose north eastern Italy anyway, so instead of sending more than 70000 soldiers there they could have kept them in the north against the prussians and win against them, while leaving only a token force in the south to slow down the Italian advance.
One of my favorite rare gems commenting on a video from another one of my favorite rare gems is very nice surprise.🤩
I don;t even get why Austria was more powerful than Prussia? Just because of territory? Vienna has tenous hold over various territory as evidence by their failure in Hungary and needing Russia's help. Economically they were eclipsed by Prussia. Excluded from the customs union and does not have anything like the Ruhr industrial district nor even the Silesian industrial area. Coal and iron was the industrial building block of the era. Diplomatically? It was isolated by the Crimean war and its intanglement in Italy and lack of plan in Germany. Ideologically? Thiers is an achaic system of dynastic anddeudal relationship, totally unsuited in the era of nationalism.
@@ryanjuguilon213 Austria had double the population of Prussia and a very similar GDP per capita. Less Austrians worked in agriculture than Prussians at the time. Austrian weakness is overstated throughout history only because of their inability to survive the most calamitous war in human history (something which Prussia-Germany and Russia also did not survive).
A VERY underrated conflict. As a matter of fact, it may be the reason one of my ancestors immigrated to America in 1866 (he was a Prussian from Pomerania, so there has been speculation in our family as to whether he was trying to avoid getting conscripted to fight the Austrians, though we cannot say for sure).
I love the profile picture being used for Bismarck .The Prussian eagle is covered by Bismarck so perfectly that the wings sticking out alongside his head makes it seems as though Bismarck has a rad mullet. 😎👍
I don't know if this may interest someone, but in Italy is often narrated how Garibaldi, marching towards Trento, received a telegram from the king ordering him to stop because Prussia was urging us to sign the peace, and he answered with one single word:"obbedisco"( I obey) Not the best english i know, i kinda struggled to form this sentence, sorry
Ah, yes. There is very nice video about Risogermento on Guido channel, showing Italian view of conflict.
Great video, this war needs more coverage. Love that you also split Wilhelmine and Bismarkian Prussia up to. :)
Another close run part of the war was the entire South German Campaign. Bavaria, Baden, and Wurttemberg refused to mobilize at the start of the war or even to link up their field armies, they believed Austria would simply win the war on their own and thus the South German princes believed they could just declare war as a show of solidarity. This allowed a small Prussian army of about 50 thousand to defeat the South German armies of over 100 thousand in detail. If those states had mobilized and quickly linked their armies together they could have put up a real second front for the Prussians and prevented the swift occupation of their countries.
Ah yes. Those south Germans! Im sure the northerners were quaking in their boots. Just like at Rossbach. Or Wurzburg. Bavaria's last noteworthy performance was during the 80 years war. After that they were just cannon fodder for the French and Austrians. Whichever side they want to lick their ass.
This channel is so underrated. Unbiased, original. And a channel which covers Conflicts and issues completely ignored by mainstream channels
The Italian war goals during the war ware largely nationalistic, they served more as propaganda than actual territorial gain, even if the Italian army performed poorly (like any war of independence due the idiocy of the high ranking generals and lack of organization), plus the Italians actually aimed for a larger expansion, not only Veneto, but also the Italian Majority city of Trieste and the Trento region (strange that you show Italy's goal with Bolzen, even if the Italians just wanted the Italian majority Trento.
Securing the Alps and thus the peninsula was a strategic objective, still.
@@gs7828 Of course my friend, but it wasn't an objective at that time, they wanted Propoganda not functionality. (Something that will change in the next 30 years)
Bozen*
@@eb1184 It also got germanised by Austria. Italy was under German domination for centuries.
@@Real_MrDev Italian generals had also a say. The Alps are a strategic position, and a natural border. Also, South Tyrol/Alto Adige was Germanised too in the past. Rolling back foreign control of the peninsula passed through that chapter too.
Bismarck really did his homework when it comes to war treaties
This is peak performance work!! I will make some suggestions, you can do other parts of the world like the Scramble of Africa, Russo-Japanese war, USA civil war maybe.
Your channel is such a gem, love all your videos. Amazing work.
This is one of the best channels I’ve ever seen. Great work!
This is a wonderfully informative and not over-explored portion of history (at least as far as KZhead essays are concerned). I really like the direction of this channel and can only hope for more.
You have quickly become one of my favorite channels on KZhead keep it coming man this content is superb.
Love all these pre-WWI videos! You have a keen and pragmatic mind, fellow historian!
I really love this War aims format you have. It's really intresting to see how things could have benn had the war's gone another way. Also it shows how much you research and actually try to make videos. I can't imagine how hard it is to find this for some countries, keep up the great work!
Wonderful video! Keep up the good work, your channel is excellent!
We've got to do one of these together some day.
i vote for it Monsieur Z Love from alternate history fan in Vietnam
Zvallid and whatifalthist is more of your level.
didn't know you watched him too
Wow, Mr Z here. Nice to see you watching this great channel too.
Yesssss
Good job as always 👏 👍.
You do excellent research and videos! Thank you for the great video. Subscribed.
Excellent video again
You have some of the best history videos on KZhead. I wish you good luck in future from Romania!
Hey thanks for sharing your video with us big dog. You done good.
"If Italians want Trentino and Trieste they could fight on their own"- Bismarck. Italy was dissapointed with such hasty peace, and even more after Venice went to France...
Maybe Bismarck would have been more inclined towards Italian demands if the Italian army/navy did not perform so badly during the war.
@@Tacitus-qd3ev "Italy has great hunger, but bad Teeth" - Bismarck.
@@alexzero3736 That's why we needed the Great War to conclude our national unity and irredentism.
@@gs7828 but the Italiens were traitors there
@@generalfeldmarschall3781 The Italian allies is basically saying we need your resources and another fronts. Not your fighting capability
i really love this, please do the napoleonic wars
Another great video
Make a video about portugal(love your videos)🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹
This channel is great! If I wasn't heavily in debt I'd give you some money.
We all are in different ways.
Hell yes
I love the style of the map in your videos
Can't get enough of these video's 👌🏻👏🏻👍🏻😊
Fun fact: This war is taught under the name "German-German war (of 1866)" or less common "German Brothers' War" within Germany.
or just German War
Seems a more appropriate name for the Thirty Years' War.
@@forthrightgambitia1032 I don't know if we want to call a war that included France, Spain, Denmark, Sweden and Poland a German-German war...
lets go new war goals video
Enjoyable video as always. I'm familiar with the era but there's always something new to discover in your content. I've long wondered about Bismarck's vision in the 1860s, he seemed to see the path ahead for unification and the required steps. For example at 7:07 using the Austro-Prussian War to annex territory would almost certainly have made it harder to make the annexations for the ultimate prize in the form of German unification, so it shows great forethought. Austria could still remain an ally too without any territorial disputes, so again - the vision on display is extroadinary.
Just a small problem in the future is that the Austrian prove to be worthless and inconvenient as an ally. I am guessing Bismarck didn't see that kicking the Austrian out of German affairs and left them in charge of a multi ethnic Empire with nationalism on the rise wouldn't be a problem?
How do you make your maps? They're beautiful
Thank you. Literally just photoshop, and learnt with Dr Ludwig’s tutorial on KZhead, from there it was just trial and error and finding map styles I liked online.
I need to make a giant playlist of all of your vids in historical order 😝
I love how you do your maps
Great video, can you explain the Crimean War please? That one has always confused me.
great video as always, I really like your coverage of 19th century european politics tho I would prefer some more british content
British content is coming, don't worry.
Very nice video a video exclusively devoted to napoleon iii and the second French empire would be cool thanks!
I'm a simple man. I see a new history channel with a competent presenter, I hit subscribe and the bell button.
aka the "German Brothers War", this war was inevitable after Bismarck declared the German Confederation...dissolved! The Austrians wanted to also unite Germany, but their multiethnicity prevents that. Instead, they would rather maintain the German States rather than Prussia uniting it. Italy's involvement was crucial, their alliance with Prussia spread Austrian Forces thin. Just Bismarck needed to crush them at Koniggratz! "All is Fair in Love and War." -John Lyly
This makes me think like Bismarck was alone genius who had real designs for united German states. Why Austria never tried to make German Confederation or even HRE a political entiety?(with or without Prussia). Why Russia, France and UK ( the Entente of 1914) ignored rising of Germany?
From this video, if the Austrians had been quicker in getting rid of Venice to placate France and Italy, maybe things would be different. It also would probably have been a good idea to spin off the Hungarian portion as a separate unit, since it seems that the gridlock between the that the and German portion caused Austria a lot of problems. Guarantee the Lowlands as a buffer state to get France and even GB on board, and just don't lose to Prussia. :D Maybe it's too tall of an order. Bismarck and Prussia really seemed to be in the right place at the right time, or rather, have an understanding of the spirit of the times. They could almost see the future, or just gambled and won. One way or another, it was Prussia's win.
@oldbritannia will you do a coverage of Italian unification? And or Japanese Industrialization & Empire build up?
I love these videos
Very cool looking maps
Im loving thse videos Especially now that I am playing Vic 3
Hello, I really like your videos, especially their quality. How do manage to make such beautiful maps?)
Just through Photoshop. Learnt using Dr Ludwig's tutorial on YT. after that just trial and error and finding map styles I liked online.
2:40 to let the Italians just roam free would be stupid, even if the Austrians already agreed to part with the territory, let the Italians come through Veneto would open the way to Viena, it is frankly quite obvious.
This channel is making me so hyped for Victoria 3 coming out in a few days.
Hi there Britannia, I have some friends who love you content and are promoting a historical game based on tanks from WWII. They would love to work with you and offer a sponsor but cant find your email for contact. Could you share it with me or tell me where to find it so they can contact you?
Italy didn't want South Tyrol, it wanted Trento, the majority Italian party of South Tyrol. It also wanted Istria. Also, while the Italians lost at the start of the war they quickly picked up and conquered most of Venetia by the end of the war
My Source for South Tyrol is AJP Taylor. I couldn’t find anything about Istria myself, but I’m happy to accept the correction nonetheless.
@@OldBritannia It's fine, I love your videos and how detailed they are! P.S: To clarify Istria more, while I don't believe they publicly made an announcement but if the war prolonged and they fully conquered Venetia, Istria would probably be added (Or atleast the Italian majority cities like Triest and Rijeka (Back then Fiume)
South Tyrol is part of the peninsula and makes sense to defend the Brenner Pass, closing the entrance from Austria. Also, historically the Italian peninsula had always been portrayed in the Roman province of Italia and the Brenner Pass was part of historical Italy, Germanised later. Italy had, indeed, been dominated by foreign powers for centuries, but after the Great War the country finally concluded its national unity and control over its peninsula.
@@OldBritannia Also I have a recommendation for a future video, "War aims of states during the American civil war" At first it seems boring because it's only US and Slave owners but looking at it more deeply and how stuff like cook county seceding from Tennesse or West Virginia being created, and that's not even talking about the British proposal to hand over Canada to the US if they stopped the civil war.
@@foodman3695 I hadn't considered doing one on the Civil War, but that actually sounds like a really interesting idea. Perhaps I could even sneak in a section on Maximilian's Mexico. I shall add it to the list.
how are these maps made? they're so satisfying to look at
5:45: Italy had hoped to also seize Trentino* Trentino is the region of Trento, mainly Italian speaking, South Tyrol is the region of Bozen, mainly German speaking.
cool video. how do you animate these?
Just premier pro
I Like now and watch later. Greetings from the old Germany
What if you did videos on the war aims of each nation in the Franco-Prussian War and World War II?
My comment got hearted, but the heart got removed due to me fixing a typo.
I beg of you, Do something on France, maybe the Belle Epoque, the Dreyfus affair, So many possiblities!
Can you maybe raise the volume of ur videos?
Are you the same guy from History matters? Voice is quite similar?
Haha, I’m afraid not.
Make a discord server?
May someone explain to me the German border with Denmark changing at 7:32?
Ah, that's a mistake on my part. Simply forgot to match that border between layers in photoshop. Apologies, when one deals with so many maps, lots of little mistakes like this unfortunately creep through lol.
No need to apologize. I was wondering if it was just a mistake but if it wasn't I wanted to go ahead and ask because it probably would have been hard to find any information on such a small border change.
Moree MOREEEEE!!!
France taking Belgium would be complicated by the treaty commitments that brought Britain into WW1. Although I suppose if the other guarantors, France, Prussia and Russia supported a French claim, there wouldn’t be much Britain and Austria could do.
myb war aims of each nation in first Balkan war?
The Prussian eagle behind Bismarck makes it look like he has a shaggy mullet
I guess you Will do the same with the franco prussian war ?
I should think so yes.
Have you considered doing one for the Congress of Vienna?
I think he did
Already did I think
My Castlereagh biography briefly covers it, though from a narrow perspective. At some point yes I’d love to.
Historia Civilis has a good video on it
@@rpan1738 Oh yes, that’s why I am asking in the first place. Historia Civilis Video is Great but also very detailed and lengthy. A compressed version with maybe more precise mapping and more focus on claims than political relations might be interesting as well.
Commenting 4 algorithm
please turn the audio up in your videos ❤️
Yeah, I agree it’s on the quiet side. Will endeavour to next time.
The Iron Chancellor United all German states to form the Unification of Germany 1871 and the formation of The German Empire in 1871 the same year. Otto Bismarck First Chancellor Of Germany 1871 - 1890.
As I would like there to be a channel like that with videos in Spanish
0:10, lol did anyone else think he gave Bismark hippy hair a first glance🤣
One of the historical choices that baffles me was piedmont Sardinia choice to give savoy to France even though it was the ancestral seat of the future Italian royal family the literal house of savoy now no longer in their hands. It’s the equivalent of the British royal family putting Windsor castle up for sale even though there the house of bloody Windsor.Even until the end the Hapsburgs still held ownership of their ancestral estates in Switzerland. So other than the fact they would permanent reside in Rome after Italian unification why did the house of Savoy give up Savoy?
It was a demand from Napoleon 3," you give me Savoy and Nice wich were part of the French Empire, and i give you troops and letting you have your Little Italy". ( funny that Napoleon proposed Italy as confederation, with Rome staying under Pope forever...). Actually freeing of Venice also was promised to Cavour...Btw capital was in Florence until 1871.
The old name of the windsors it's Hannover, I don't see them owning territory in Germany right now. Owning Italy was far more worthy than owning an obscure province on the other side of the Alps
Bismarck at 0:10 rocking a mullet
Can u do Greco-Ottoman war 1897
Yes, definitely on the list
@@OldBritannia Awsome!
@0:13 Otto was rocking that mullet. Ahead of his time.
Bismarck rockin a mullet
With Victoria 3 coming out more of the 19th century wars would be awesome!
They actually removed wars
@@alexzero3736 ??
there are streams on paradox channel about Victoria 3, you can watch gameplay...
@@alexzero3736 Wars are not removed which is why I put ??. Wars just got reworked. Honestly it's not even that bad, better than the Vic2 system that became a clusterfuck in the late game. I don't want to have to micromanage a huge army and a have to micromanage my economy at the same time.
But they made it all like border conflicts in Hoi, thats boring...also there no single animation, no units...
Glorious. I am a medievalist and don't care much for the modern period but I do have a thing for post-Napoleonic 19th century and new imperialism.
Imagine caring about irrelevant mud eaters
i kinda want saxony but its aight yall can keep it
It took two world wars not only to remove the Prussian threat to Europe, but also to remove the spirit of Prussian militarism from the German culture. I tend to believe that the world would've been a better place, if Prussia had lost the Seven Years War, although that's a different debate.
Bismarck saying “I’ll resign if I don’t get my way” is similar to a kindergartener saying “you’re not invited to my birthday party anymore”
Prussia annexing more Austrian territories is a really interesting alt history. They probably would've ended up as bitter as France was.
France, Russia and probably UK would disagree with such move and would put pressure on Prussia to give those lands back.
2:48 hard disagree. Austria winning meant all Germans would have been united and Germany would be under the House that has led all German states for centuries even before the baltic Prussian state existed.
And that gave them the right to win because??? They point of that comment was to point out the stupidity of the decision to send a large force to the Italians for land they had already agreed to give up, he said that they deserved to lose because if they just pulled back to the alps or better yet just told the Italians they were giving up Venetia then they would have had a far better chance of winning. Instead they did what Austria has always done sent brave soldiers to die because of incompetent leadership. Also the Hapsburgs only came to power as Emperor at 1453, the Prussians would be founded in 1525, only around 2 generations later. So to say the Hapsburgs lead all the German states for centuries before they were founded is incredibly hyperbolic considering not even a century has passed since the Prussian state formed. In fact your statement becomes even more ridiculous if you include the Teutonic order who preceded the Prussians and pretty much laid the groundwork for Germans in Prussia when they took over in 1283. Which is around the same time that the Hapsburgs took control of the Dutch of Austria at 1246. Both states had the history, power, and prestige to take over Germany, which is why the war had to be fought to decide it.
@@tiringsarcasm The Habsburg's had the right to rule Germany because they had always been Germans while the Prussians are originally people from the Baltics and only became German when they had a personal union with Brandenburg. The first Habsburg ruler was Rudolf I who was King of the Germans from 1273. That technically means the Habsburg's ruled Germany for centuries before the Prussians. You can't lump Prussia and the Teutonic Order with the same history, that's like saying the Mongol Empire existed until the 18th century cause of their successors the Mughal's. Main point I was making that a Habsburg victory meant a truly united Germany instead of the two Germanies we have now.
@@imgvillasrc1608 Habsburg are cringe and incompetent. No thanks.
@@imgvillasrc1608 Hm, I suppose if the goal was true unification than a Hapsburg victory would make sense. Although it would be far far more difficult considering the pressure that the Hungarians would put on them because of it. The main reason they never unified before this was because the Hungarians would protest against adding anymore ethnic Germans to their empire, so it would likely become a loose confederation rather than one country.
They true unification is the one made by sicilian nobility under the house of Hohenstaufen
On the picture here Bismarck always looks like he has a completely crazy haircut while in fact these things are only the feathers of the Prussian eagle behind him😄
As well as Silesia, a logical claim for a victorious Austria would be Prussia’s Catholic territories, which included the lower Rhineland, Munster and Westphalia. Metternich’s consent at the Congress of Vienna to Prussia taking Catholic German territories in the first place seems uncharacteristic of the Habsburgs, as the traditional leaders and defenders of Catholicism in Germany. But Vienna’s urgent need for cash and the rich revenues of northern Italy seemed to outweigh all other considerations.
Was the audio really quiet for anyone else? Great vid otherwise
Thank you. I agree it is on the quiet side, audio in general is something I am still figuring out.
Napolen III is sometimes over hated in my opinion. Until 1866 he wasn’t all that bad, the restructuring of Paris and the Crimean War, in which France was definitely a beneficiary, are examples of that. But oh boy was he outplayed by Bismarck. I mean everyone was tbf, but no one was outplayed this hard
The crimean war was literally wortless
@@nouhowlmao2809 and the Napoleon III just keep pressuring the Ottoman for their goal which also hampered their mordenization. Which caused them to be unable to keep up if the Russian back again. Either Way i more support for the Ottoman if it the only way to keep the Balkan under control. The Balkan since the Ottoman left had been but catalyst for World War 1.
It was no war between Austria and pruzzia. Pruzzia declared the war to the German federation. On the side of Austria was Bavaria baden Württemberg Saxonia and even Hannover (England). And Austria was right: Schleswig Holstein should not been divided. Bismarck wanted to do what they accused danmark in 1862. Anaway: until 1866 nearly all German countries stood with Habsburg
Video idea: What percentage of 19th century European history can be summarized as “Bismarck did a thing”?
Bismarck‘s Vokuhila 😂
Bismarck have A plan. Bismarck always have A plan.
I wonder, What if Austria and Prussia Stalemated?
They Did, no?
@@alexzero3736 hmm, I need to re write the comment
Well, Bismarck was afraid about any major country interference, as war drags longer those probability is growing...i guess the result would be Status Quo and diplomacy would be escalated to International conference like Congress of Vienna, Bismarck and other Prussian leaders would be dissapointed that Germans are not deciding the future of Germany alone. The most likely outcome would be that German federation would split, allies of Prussia would be allowed to join It s federation, while others would stay in confederation under Austrian leadership. Venice would be given to Italy anyway. So, basically German unification would be stalled by 5-10 years. And south Germany like Bavaria, Baden, Wurtemburg may create their own little South German Federation.(With Austrian or French backing)
4:20 a buffer state? Napoleon III must not have been a very good negotiator. Austria and Prussia probably would have conceded the Left Bank of the Rhine, territory that France had occupied for some 20 years during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, if France had pushed hard for it. Immediately after the battle of Konigratz, for example, if Napoleon III had approached Prussia, and threatened to enter the War on Austria's side, Prussia would likely have had no choice but to make concessions to France.
I do wonder, is there any evidence that Napoleon III was worried about other nations fearing a replication of the other Napoleon. It might explain the procrastination perhaps?
Nah. There are different evidence, Napoleon 3 never considered Austria as friend. In Crimean war Austria was neutral, in Italo- Austrian war of 1860 French troops attacked Austrians with Napoleon himself...
@@alexzero3736 does that not prove my point or at least justify why he was so complacent to opportunity? The original Napoleon was very opportunistic and the world banded against him. It’s entirely possible he might have had an inadequacy issue over that. He might not wanted to have gone as far as the original Napoleon, but in doing so he shot way under the mark.
There's definitely an element of that. In particular he was concerned about provoking Britain's ire. But in general he was just one of life's procrastinators in Foreign Policy, with not much in the way of ulterior explanation.
@@OldBritannia fair enough, the Bonapartes were always seemingly were secret admirers of Britain haha; and in some cases, like with the 4th, seemingly more British than French.
Why Bismarck got dreads 😂
And another Video, in which The Term South Tirol was used wrong: At that time and untill 1915, the Italians (with a few extremist Polititions which had little to no influence) were not interested on taking the german speaking South Tirol, but only the part of Tirol, which is even more southern than South Tirol, called Trentino, which had and has in fact a italian majority. The Idea of annexing the exclusively German speaking South Tirol cane up, when the allies offered italy these Lands. So don'tbe stupid and recognise, that South Tirol should belong to austria and not Italy
If France entered the Austro Prussian War, do you think Prussia would still have been able to win?
Actually it was a matter of time, such fast Austrian defeat was unexpected. So French declaration of war wont change much, as Bismarck offered peacedeal in hasty manner and with limited demands, not taking any piece of Austria itself.