What is Goebekli Tepe | Klaus Schmidt | TEDxPrague
2014 ж. 7 Шіл.
1 069 321 Рет қаралды
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)
RIP Herr Professor Klaus Schmidt; your marvelous work at Gobekli Tepe will never be forgotten.
So sad. This discovery over turns entire accepted human history that is currently being promoted. This man is a martyr; for truth that is being kept from the masses, by the elite, as to our true nature in this realm. Like so many throughout history whose discoveries, point out contradictory evidence to "accepted" modern science. Prayers to him and his family and his assistants
Nicole Pauline he’s not a martyr because he died of a heart attack
The populace has been subjected to a dumbing down campaign since the beginning.
So Right!
@fullswing okay astroturfer.
He died 12 days after this video was uploade and to hear him saying "I hope we work on G.T. for many many years" gives me a deep feeling of sadness. Just wanted to share this though :)
Very sad.
Graham Hancock talked highly of him. RIP KS.
Thank you for letting us know. It is sad, he seemed so nice.
Sad
12 days?! He seems fine in the video. Guess we never know when our time-quota will be over.
"We are not changing human history, but we are adding a chapter. A very important chapter" - Schmidt Just simply brilliant. RIP.
Brilliant? I call it an overly reserved, colossal understatement.
It changes everything ... together with the Spinx.
Goebekli tepe has absolutely flipped the 'human history' table.
@@altelf3079 You won't hear that in the media though. Very sad the truth is cast aside in favor of established dogmas.
Adding? Okay
Rest in peace, Professor Schmidt. He was a good man and above all a good researcher. In Sanliurfa, the city where Gobekli Tepe located, even most of the uneducated people were aware of his work. He got everyone's admiration back in Turkey. He will never be forgotten.
I wonder if anyone in Sanliurfa is aware, I am identifying Göbekli Tepe with Babel, mentioned in Genesis 11 in the Christian Bible (and Jewish Tanakh too obviously).
This gives even theological importance to Klaus Schmidt, if I am right.
@@hglundahl Prof. Schmidt would have thrown your theory out of the window. What evidence do you have to support your hypothesis? And just so you know, the Bible is a collection of writings from the 1st millennium B.C. It barely touches on some of the history of the Levant, let alone southern Anatolia. And it's not a history book!
@@samernammari8785 I first of all disagree on its not being a history book. The Bible, I mean. Its historical books are history. Second, if Schmidt was Evolutionist, why wouldn't he? As being Creationist, I take the liberty to reinterpret carbon dates as the one he gave in the light of a growing carbon 14 content in the atmosphere. Third, as he was German, I think he might - as long as I wasn't his student - have had some tolerance about disagreements. I'd have loved to argue it out with him, had he been here and up for a debate. Whatever our disagreements, I am thankful for his work, it helped, even if it was not then his intention, mine.
well, he was an archaeologist... and his work lives on :D
Professor Klaus Schmidt was a wonderful commited human being. A good man. Hard working and very knowledgeable. He will be missed by many. God bless you sir.
Thanks for giving us the gift of that vision.
And special thanks to the villager; the owner of the field that found the first evidences and worked for the excavations. He finds a few good pieces in 1986 and takes them to the city museum. The chef of the museum (he was not an archaeologist) says they are just limestone, so do not worth anything. Then the old villager feels disappointed and does not want to take it back to the village since they were heavy and wants to throw them away. The chief says well, let's leave them inside the storage. 6 years later, Mr. Schmidt sees them and the story begins.
The sites was viseted by several archelogist before the owner was even born and it was noted as an cannitade for excavations in future. what he did was admirebly but the owner is not the first one to discover anything.
This site has mystical powers, if you spend an hour there you will feel this suiting energy wraps around your body, it must be alien site, most people in our tour felt this energy ,you got to visit, you will know what I am talking about
@@BluesLover89 They thought it was a medieval site, that's why they put off excavating it for so long.
Thank you for the back ground story.
Klaus Schmidt was The Man. He followed where the evidence led and broadened our historical horizons. Big Up.
He has explored a particularly interesting site. It was created in that period between when we were mainly hunter gatherers and when we were mainly farmers. This was a crucial epoch in mankind's development and deserves a name. Why not the Schmidt period?
@Jeremy Kirkpatrick Schmidt was quite fond of Hancock. He showed him around GT himself and I've never seen Graham to be disingenuous. If you find something to the contrary, please, share.
Patrick....are you 🇯🇲 ?
@@MKnightMD nah, Irish-American , but I’ve had Jamaican friends in my life.
One of the most important archeological finds ever, 4 years later with only 28k views >.>, and no curriculums amended, what...?
It's not. There are a couple of people who are really enthousiast about it, but the mainstream dismisses a lot of their claims.
Too controversial
Yup.
so you think anyone are learning ( on basic school schedule ) about the oldest civilizations.. if you are lucky you learn about the Egyptians.. but mostly focus are on WW1+2 and some kings etc..
My art history book last year dated this site at 4000bc. I told the teacher that I couldn’t take serious anything else that the book claimed.
what an incredible man, so lucky he found the site and shattered some of the old guards views on history. to think he died 2 weeks after this video was made back in 2014. He talked about his excitement for the future for many years to come, not realising 2 weeks later he would be gone from this world. It demonstrates nobody when their time has come and we should live our lives to the full. RIP Professor Klaus Schmidt , thank you
Whoever filmed this, didn't do Klaus' presentation justice, I would have liked to see more of his examples and data.
that's what i thought...
And they want all these ads, 2 in the beginning, wow.
You would have thought a technology foundation would have a basic understanding of filming 😞
I thought the same thing. I didn’t need shots of the audience. And 15 minutes isn’t long enough. I’m glad he did this TED talk but the setting didn’t do the topic justice.
Yes. Perfect and consistent view of his belly, but not so much of the visual of what he is speaking about. Brilliant.
Utterly astounding site. And the fact that it was buried so meticulously, which in and of itself is almost as astounding as the pillars and carvings themselves, is almost beyond human comprehension. Can one imagine the labor force required to not only erect and build these enclosures, but the labor required to then bury it all a thousand years later??? Wow....that's all I can say......wow!
Refreshing to listen to a serious scientific approach on this most significant discovery. Far too many exploit archeology for greedy self promotion. Herr Schmidt is to be respected and taken seriously. Rest in Peace and thank you for your work.
Wow it’s him!!! How cool that this ted talk exists! Thanks for always believing and rest in peace!!!
R.I.P. Klaus, you found the site that won the fight over inaccuracy of our human history timeline, that means of coarse You Rock! 😎👍
Yes, most definitely...
So sad this brilliant man is gone. 😿 Thank the gods for Ted talks.
What an incredible history-changing find ! Archaeologists , Geologists and other scientists with the aid of Philanthropic Billionaires around the world need to pursue the excavation to unravel the mystery of this site. At 11.600 years ago , this was the beginning of us coming out of the Ice Age. Thank you , Klaus Schmidt !
I agree, but I find that Gobekli Tepe has become the focus of pseudoscience writers and conspiracy theorists, and that muddies the water so to speak.
R.I.P. Klaus Schmidt. Your contribution to understanding human history is revelatory and won't be forgot.
🤔 *If this discovery doesn't **_CHANGE_** history then I don't know what would, exactly...* 😞 (Rest In Peace, Herr Schmidt.)
You are right. But on the other hand when you look at the proportion of how long humans lived as gatherers and hunters (300.000 years) and at what period they started to settle down (10.000 years) humans lived 97% of there time as hunters and gatherers. Now that gobekli tepe proves that they settled down earlier or even build city’s. The number changes only to 96%. The fact that civilisation began in the last 5% of human existence will not change.
Main stream archeology treats Gobekli Tepi as a strange anomaly, they wish it would go away so we could return to "normal, accepted" fundamentalist archeological viewpoint
Imagine the civilizations that were lost and are either buried or destroyed that could have been so advanced in their own ways. I hope we keep discovering more.
You have to change the perspective we currently have first..in other words...we cannot "change" what we clearly do not yet know.
I had the honor of meeting him at Sunrise at the site about a year before. Such a powerful place! So incredibly energized. The whole thing is amazing! Go and visit!
it is impossible to ignore the passion and excitement of Klaus in the presantation. obviously his job done with desire. and he gave us this magnificent masterpiece. we need more people like Klaus in the all business. thank you Klaus.
Ah man he has/had that lovely cheerful German old man vibe about him, clearly loved his work 🙏
"lovely cheerful German old man"?!!!! ;)
In an alternate timeline, Schmidt was kicked out of archeology school and started WW3.
Respect from Turkey, rest in peace.
The area of Turkey has much more history to be revealed. Part of the real cradle of humanity.
@@halweilbrenner9926 NOT a good news for Turkey....
Thank you Klausi! The prime example of what a modern scientist should be, as opposed to what most are thanks to dogmas, ideologies & egos. Follow the evidence wherever it leads you, not wherever you want it to go.
This man is my inspiration. RIP.
This is the best TED talk I've seen, a real expert talking about a real subject of profound interest in understanding our past.
Herr Professor Schmidt, you were a gift from whatever Goddess watches us all. You changed the world. You freed the minds of Billions (with a 'B'), from the vague and plausible. It is clear for the world to see who we were and from whence we came. I will see you upon that great voyage in the great beyond. There I hope we get to find those answers that eluded us all for that twinkling we called life.
Goddess? Give me a break.
Tom Watson why couldn’t it be a Goddess? Were you not born from a Goddess? The Divine Feminine is rising, they have been suppressed on purpose.
@@shanealistrabridges9578 😂
@@shanealistrabridges9578 cringe...
Double cringe!
You can feel his passion and enthusiasm. We always lose the best when we need them for a longer period.
Greatest work so far. Klaus Schmidt seemed like a great guy.
Professor Schmidt, we thanks to you for your great work in göbeklitepe, rest in peace..
To me the most valuable aspect of this presentation is this man's perspective about new information. For many years archaeology tended to cling to narratives of how history unfolded. This discovery could have been excavated with such a narrative guiding the thought, and perhaps there are some, but I think this fine individual would be able to step outside of them, without being ridiculous. He has his eyes open.
You touch it with a needle.
I am grateful to this man who contributed to Göbeklitepe the world's oldest place I live in Turkey.
Let us know if there's any new work being done if you can
@@brucefulper4204 thanks
Convincing testimony, he was very proud of his accomplishment.
Bless this man. Truly an incredible thinker. RIP.
All men die, not all men Live. Professor Schmidt died while doing the work he Loved.
well said
Thank you for all your work, Herr Professor Schmidt. I wish this place had been found when I was in Turkey in the 80's, so I could have visited. RIP, sir.
So amazing! I pray that when he died he went back to ancient goebekli tepe. I imagine him in eternity walking all over the site and in his glory! Let it be!
The biggest find in our history. Question everything.
Gunang Padang could mean even more, these sites just need full excavation.
Tell Jericho and Tell Qaramel are also huge,and for some reason,not talked much about.Also many sites in Turkey.
911 inside job, among many establishment conspiracies and false stories put out by the mainstream media
@@mizofan Yee Globleke Tepe Conspiracy, Aliens created Tepe... because man is only 5000 years old :S
Paddy O'Yakkin you had me think twice about socks for a second... gave me a good chuckle.
It makes me happy that for anyone interested in Göbekli Tepe, it seems there is great respect for Klaus. Wherever you see videos on it, always people paying respects. Much respect for your passion and dedication, giving to us what many consider the greatest finding of human history to date, I admire your humble view of yourself in the face of something so amazing.
RIP Klaus Schmidt, you’r work will forever be remembered for unearthing such a critical part of our timeline of our human species , may you rest in peace brother may you not be forgotten through the ages.
Rest in peace Prof. Schmidt. He is the first who realized the importance of the site. Gobeklitepe changed the known history. Thank you for this great work. Greetings from Turkey.
He was a great archaeologist and a kind person, a rare exemple of open minded scientist. We miss him a lot
Rest in peace sir. I'm sure you have inspired us enough that someone somewhere will surely keep spinning the wheel🙏❤️
Growing up in southern Turkey(southern Anatolia) near the Mediterranean shores, as kid I would find all kinds of Roman artifacts where eve I played . Sometimes we would make them goal post and if we found something decent like an old key I found once we would bring it to the museum near by. Greeks and Roman artifacts are what is still close to the surface but I always felt there much much more deep underneath. This place partially proves my gut instinct I guess.
You live where humanity started again after the flood!!! In Turkey they have a international park for Noah's ark!! You should go see it! I wish I could see the Ark that saved humanity!!! It would be so incredible to be standing on the real Noah's ark!!!
Goebekli Tepe looks like the ruins of the ancient ancestors of the Mexicans. The style of the relics and archaeological finds look exactly what they find in Mexico. People tend to act blind when there’s traces of EXACT SAME style to certain cultures around the world and if doesn’t fit their narratives they find a way to add their theories to fit them. Like Goebekli Tepe and the Pyramids of Egypt also the temples in Cambodia. Ancient ancestors of the Mexicans have all those sites styles in one. Do the math!
Lmaoooo what
TEDex, it's really nice when he talk about picture and you're showing just him. Thanks! Make sense.
On a personal note to Tedx... Put the conversationalists face in a picture-in-picture, in a corner would be appropriate. Focusing on the presenters face as photo, evidence, example roll past unseen by the viewers online is hugely frustrating. You have got to be tech savvy enough to correct this. Jr. High school students, of which I have 2 grandchildren that age, can adjust to present this in a more appropriate format. All due respect, Peace.
👍YES. Well said. Thank you.
Exactly! I HATE that I can't see the info. Makes me not want to watch.
This needs more likes...
This is one of at least several comments like this. You put it perfectly, and these comments are very constructive. Hopefully someone at TedX happens to actually scan through comments for input..
I was also frustrated. Looking forward to further research on this with an improvement in production values.
Fascinating. 17 minutes went by so fast! I'm watching it again.
A great discovery by a great man. RIP prof and thanks for all your hard work.
Professor Schmidt: Thank you for the loving dedication you brought to your labours! What good fortune to have directed the work at Göbekli Tepe for so long. This unique set of sites has challenged and changed how we have told our story. You are missed.
RIP Klaus! For you: Göbekli Tepe is a school. Pillar 43 is simply a map of the Levant. Part of Jordan, all of Lebanon, most of Syria, and part of Turkey. The Vulture is the Golan Heights and the Scorpion is the mountains to the right of the Golan Heights that are shaped like a scorpion. You can see it on your phone. The dog at the bottom left of the pillar is the mountains to the right of the Dead Sea. They are totally shaped like a dog with a square face and legs. The top of the pillar depicts the Mt Lebanon Mountains (the square “belt” is the Beqaa Valley) then up to the Mediterranean (the three curling waves are a tsunami tossing man, large beast, small beast down the coast…the flood) with the very top of the pillar depicting the mountains of Cyprus in the distance. The bird on the right is the Euphrates River (the Euphrates has long straight “legs”), with the square tail end of the fish being Harran. It is a physical map. Each animal or shape is a separate mountain/water structure: food, shelter, fresh water. They are all positioned and oriented correctly which is why a good map is easy to prove. We still navigate around the same earthly structures today. Göbekli Tepe is a school and this was a map of their country in a classroom. Honestly, I had an Indiana Jones moment about a month ago and wanted to share it with the world. It is a map: no astrology, astronomy, religion, or aliens I promise. Note: Göbekli Tepe means “Potbelly Hill” and that’s how it would have be drawn on a map…like the Jordan River being drawn as a snake on the pillar!
Klaus, I guess you are one of the people whose name will be much more known after your life than during it. Thanks for your work.
A very enigmatic piece of archeology. What was the environment like when they founded it? Why was it so special, compared to other places? How are such primitive people so productive that they had time for this? Utterly fascinating!
Iconic lover of the Human story. May your spirit prevail and inspire.
He was ahead of his time and ahead of archeology. Fantastic. His work will be remembered forever.
Rest in peace klaus you are still an inspiration I will not let sadness slow my pace In life as did you
It breaks my heart that we lost him so young. Since I'm his age it feels young indeed. What a blessed brilliant man.
Thank you. A marvellous talk and brilliant work. Inspiring in so many ways!
This is even more mind-boggling when seen in proper perspective; that the time between the rise of Rome and now is only 1/6th of the age of this site.
So much symbology from even more ancient times...I would like to inherit his enthusiasm!
I wish we still had him.
History of mankind must be rewritten because of the great work of Prof.dr. Schmidt. I hope that his work will be continued. Chapeau and thanks Klaus.
your Legacy in Archaeology will never be forgotten Herr Professor..
RIP ........Thank you for your contribution
RIP Sir your contribution is unmatched and has been invaluable. Sorry Klaus but GT is changing history.
How I wish I could go back in time and feast with this people back at Goebekli Tepe!
Ich spreche ein klein Deutch. Ich habe liebe im mein heart for all the marvelous things you have done. I am just this minute learning of your existence because my oldest son sent me the link. Please honor your elders. Blessings in many ways in all places. Walk among the stars, Herr Schmidt.
Your german is dreadful. Ever heard of declinations?🤦🏼♀️
RiP Klaus. Thanks for your contributions to that project.
Thank you Doctor Schmidt and R.I.P. We all wait in anticipation of the wonders yet to be discovered when the other parts are excavated. GT will become yet an even greater Turkish ancient wonder.
Wow. Life's work in 17 minutes.
Klaus gave us all a gift. I hope he was given all the answers he sought.
I have no interest whatsoever in TED-like experiences. Most TED-talks seem almost cult'-like to me. But I really like this guy. He seems to have been a genuine, serious, scientific archaeologist without the narcissism so present in many TED talks.
Texas Ray Agreed. Most are like some weird Scientology PR video with the headset mic and the overselling.
The key difference is Schmidt is passionately attempting to convey as much data as possible during his 20 minute talk, condensing twenty years of life's work to a largely uninitiated audience. Schmidt's talk is about his life's work, not his ego. Contrast that with the cult-like, ego driven, narcissistic, "hey look at me, I'm on Ted Talk so I'm somebody" segments that are far more common, given the number of hours Ted Talk has to fill for its events to stay relevant.
👍
Cult likje? No interest? Did your mom have any children who weren't born with brain damage? Your attitude sums up exactly all that's wrong with the human race.
@@jamesaritchie1 genocide? Climate change? War? Oppression? None of these qualify as the worst of humans.
Amazing discussion, thanks for posting. This is REAL news :-)
Going to Göbekli Tepe tomorrow. I will be thinking of you when I'm there Proffesor Klaus❤️
Спасибо, уважаемый Клаус, за открытый новый древний мир! Царствие Небесное!
Building something like that doesn't just come out of a vacuum. Convincing people to cooperate and build something like this is difficult today, requiring a vast amount of knowledge that has been perfected over hundreds of years. The people who built this started on this hundreds if not thousands of years before this place was constructed. Many milestones will have to be reached in human perception and knowledge before someone imagined this, and many more generations would have passed until everyone else working on it saw things the same way. So this is indeed a very significant fine. It suggests that humans developed these ideas during the ice age. But why? Why think like this when survival is difficult enough for the people of this region. Its easy for us today to know the advantages, but they didn't know.
He at least passed away doing what he loved doing, what better way to live life to the fullest extent in that death can't stop him teaching us what he believed in and loved. Long may his teachings live . And now he has his answers to all his questions, I believe that.
Klaus Schmidt, a team player. If archaeologists have awards, one should be named after Klaus Schmidt. My interpretation of the site is first, an annual meeting place for farming groups. Like an annual show day. Show off your best livestock, build your best art and chat about the latest things then have a few beers and feast. Then do it again the next year. Then it stopped and was deliberately filled in and covered over. Two, the groups had to move on physically or psychologically and wanted to bury the past in a funerary way. Then came grain, and another chapter.
Yes, Professor Klaus Schmidt will go down in history for this discovery, I can't wait to visit Goebekli Tepe.
A very humble sounding man!! So glad I was put in connection with this site!
This man has moral courage. RIP as you will be remembered far longer than the Neanderthals who gave a thumbs down🤬
Glückauf, Herr Professor! Hoffentlich Auf Wiedersehen!
Thank you Herr schmidt as a turkish woman for your Great effort to reveal this amazing site and giving to the humanity. Never be forgotten. ❤️
👌
Reading ‘’ God’’ by Resa Aslan and in chapter 3 he mentions some of Prof Schmidts findings to build on his theories. Excellent talk
Much respect to this mans work! Rip.
RIP Great One and thank you for changing history
RIP for Professor Schmidt. We are so honored to know you...
I hope its all uncovered in my lifetime
From what I've seen so far, Gobekli Tepe was a group of structures similar to the dakhma, or "towers of silence" used in Zoroastrianism to conduct "sky burials", or the stripping of flesh from dead bodies by scavenger animals in a sort of circle of life ritual. The "T" pillars were probably designed to host vultures that would swoop down and consume the flesh from headless bodies placed out for them. The heads were most likely removed from the bodies for preparation/plastering before the bodies were cut up for easier flesh removal by the scavenger animals, given that the "T" pillars had no heads, and that ritualistically altered human skull fragments were found at the site.
Good talk! This monolithic site is extremely important. It’s practically a guarden of eden: science project edition.
seems the thumbnail to this TedxPrague post tells the ENTIRE story here: "hunter-gatherers," who can move five thousand pound portions of stone thirty miles and carve images on it with FOUND mereorite iron bits. the millstone device wuz a NICE touch! ..thanx for saving me the TIME!
@ 7.50 In the centre it's a picture of grinding stone still we use in Tamilnadu (southern India) & Srilanka. The base stone is called Ammi & the cylindrical stone placed above it is kuzhavi. We still use in our village kitchen to make chutney or to grind spices. Very surprised to see this was used in gobekli tepe. One etymologist also has prooved about the connection between Tamils & Go bekli tepe.(channel name: Tamil chinthanaiyalar peravai) Looking at this Tool it is possible that there is connection between the two civilisations.
Thanks im gonna find thechannel Atlantis descendant fleed to many places, not only to Egypt..
The same grinding stone is used in Eritrea East Africa, we call it "medid" but in our language Emni means stone. I was surprised to see it.
It was a 'pre-pottery' people, yet what was created was way more difficult than creating pottery. Hmmm...
What do you base that on?
He has to stick to some mainstream stuff, like "pre-pottery" and mentioning all the time hunter gatherers. If he doesn't he will be discredited all the funds will stop coming in and the project will stop. So the professor plays along with them 50/50 to keep the light on the project. Also GT is much older the 9000+ years ;)
What you're inferring is a perfect example of the linear paradox. They didn't even do simple carvings, but instead reliefs. The size and nature of the site suggest a much more sophisticated culture.
@@hoodootechnochina5893 Klaus used the words 'pre-pottery' to describe the society at Goebekle. In other material this gone over in greater depth, but he rightly left it out of this presentation to save time. Seems like he did a good job.
Tribal John making pottery is easier and a logical step for hunter gatherers and primitive people. Building gigantic stone circles and pillars with intricate designs is a much harder task requiring a team of people working on the construction. Then you have to feed and house them ect and would never have just randomly been undertaken by gatherers.w
So sad to have lost you! You are an idol to many....love what you did in your lifetime...RIP dear friend.....you made your mark for sure!
Why do people feel as though the truth is better hidden?.....that find is mind blowing........it has answers for the questions we ask
I have always wondered if the Middle-Eastern traditions of the "Flood Story" were some kind of collective folk memory of the end of the ice age.
Bhangra Fan that’s exactly what many scientists think. Euphrates or Tigris rivers used to flood. Could have been a really big one at the end of the ice age retained as legend in the collective memory of the peoples there, then transposed to Biblical lore.
I agree! Although, if I am not mistaken, the Ice Age hasn’t ended, just the end of the last glacial period.
There are hundreds of flood stories from cultures all over the world. Check out the work of Graham Hancock and Randall Carlson, it's incredibly fascinating.
Yup think so!
RIP KLAUS!!!! Our times greatest discoverer!!!
How amazing this place must have been! A Neolithic city! P.J. Farmer would have loved this. Opar in Anatolia
If any of you are interested in this work Graham Hancock has expanded upon all of this in various videos and his books.
He has not. He has written fiction. You simply can't compare their work. One is a brilliant archeologist, the other, a journalist and a writer.
Sorry I didn't know schmit passed on my apology with great sincerity
I realize he cannot defend his statement. Yet I must say Gobekli does appear to change history. It is perfectly understandable that Schmidt would begin by defending mainstream academia . After all this excavation cemented his legacy within that structure.
Thank you for your huge efforts! We won't forget you and your efforts.
Thanks on behalf of humanity, from Turkey.