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How to Make a Line Following Robot without Microcontroller

Tapendra Mandal
2017 ж. 2 Нау.
1 396 960 Рет қаралды
Жүктеу

Learn-How to make a line following robot at home without using microcontroller.
Project file on the free design tool:easyeda.com/TapendraMandal/Li...
EasyEDA is a cloud-based EDA tool suite which supports open source and working collaboratively.
There is a huge collection of projects for Arduino and basic electronics, you can access those for FREE.
With EasyEDA platform, you can simply open any free open source design, edit it and order PCBs from them.
How to make an IR Proximity sensor- • How to Make an IR Prox...
Required Material-
1. IR Proximity Sensor (amzn.to/2meFM4F)
2. L293D or L293NE IC (amzn.to/2niavQc)
3. BO Motor (amzn.to/2meKGys)
4. Switch
5. 7805
6. Zero PCB
7. Pin Header
8. Wires
9. Battery 9v
10.Wooden frame (9cm x 4cm and 9cm X 2.5cm)
11.Wheels etc.
Thanks For Watching my Videos
My Social Links-
Facebook- / tapendramandal
Instagram- / tapendramandal
Twitter- / tapendramandal
Music provided by Free Songs To Use-
Arc North - Dusk • Arc North - Dusk

Пікірлер

  • Great work...👌👌

    @nidhibiswas8589@nidhibiswas85895 жыл бұрын

  • Best video sir. I am making this project for my class....thanks for giving sucha video

    @engineeringsutra6483@engineeringsutra64837 жыл бұрын

    • U should use or sensors and motor driver

      @thinkbeyond5360@thinkbeyond53602 жыл бұрын

  • Sooo awesome!! My son is eight and he loves ROBOTS!! I swear that he is leaps and bounds ahead of me when I was that age in figuring out electronics! Heck, I gave him my digital multimeter with a built in oscilloscope when he was 6 and he loved it!! In the garage he has his own work table near mine where I can watch him work on his projects. Anyways....thanks for the video and info on the robot!! I can’t wait to show him!!!

    @jameswebb8162@jameswebb81625 жыл бұрын

  • Undoubtedly the best video on this topic... and keep making more videos....:)

    @rounakroy2275@rounakroy22757 жыл бұрын

  • awesome man..👌👌

    @vartiksingla8416@vartiksingla84167 жыл бұрын

  • Very nice! Actually this can be built with even less effort using ready-made modules - there are plenty of IR modules available and also H-Bridge module so no soldering would be required, just joining the cables together! :)

    @digitalghosts4599@digitalghosts45995 жыл бұрын

  • Thanks for this video of a working circuit. I was looking for an infrared censor circuit for a Makers Fair project. I modified it for my purposes and it works great!

    @AllAmericanFiveRadio@AllAmericanFiveRadio4 жыл бұрын

  • dude you just saved my semester thank you so much

    @rifatfaisal4743@rifatfaisal47435 жыл бұрын

  • Great👏👏👏

    @facilitation4216@facilitation42166 жыл бұрын

  • Hey guys i swear god it works for me very very well without any problem thank you tapendra mendal well done

    @ilyesilno4640@ilyesilno46406 жыл бұрын

    • hey what is the component between the two sensor???! Its in the middle the one that leads the way . Pls i badly need it help me

      @chinjao1860@chinjao18606 жыл бұрын

    • it's just a small wheel like table's wheels

      @ilyesilno4640@ilyesilno46406 жыл бұрын

    • What kind of strip(path) is being used. Is it any special strip or just any normal black tape?

      @gaddamnirnaya4695@gaddamnirnaya46955 жыл бұрын

    • It should be perfect black body

      @umairmujahid7518@umairmujahid75185 жыл бұрын

    • Hey can u please help with the circuit at 0:47

      @tushargoyaliit@tushargoyaliit5 жыл бұрын

  • You are a professional robotic engineer.

    @user-zi6cu3yn4s@user-zi6cu3yn4s6 жыл бұрын

  • wonderful bro i done this robot to my school science fair.wonderful explanation

    @srinukarthik9906@srinukarthik99064 жыл бұрын

  • hi can u help me where i get he ckt dia. for this

    @SURESHYADAV-ig7gi@SURESHYADAV-ig7gi7 жыл бұрын

  • excellent job, very good

    @chriskon3319@chriskon33197 жыл бұрын

    • +Enrique Thank you

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • can i use 3 pinned ir reciver if you reply i will surly subcribe your channel

      @AbhaySingh-ho3ni@AbhaySingh-ho3ni5 жыл бұрын

  • Awesome video Man, Keep it up!👍

    @animapj@animapj7 жыл бұрын

  • I loved that! Great job! Thanks

    @aplicarciencias@aplicarciencias4 жыл бұрын

  • the main circuit board u showed is bit difficult to solder

    @adityapattanaik6021@adityapattanaik60216 жыл бұрын

  • Hey! Can you make me understand that how do you set your camera for making videos? Please make a video to show us that how you set your camera for making videos?

    @jatinchauhan9111@jatinchauhan91117 жыл бұрын

  • Its a clean and understandable job. Thanks 4 it !

    @fakeezel@fakeezel6 жыл бұрын

  • nice video, it always nice to see a project without a micro, everyone is using them nowdays (including me!)!

    @STRATOS13PAO@STRATOS13PAO7 жыл бұрын

    • +Stratos Vasilas thanks for watching

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • For me and for other friends those who like your youtube channel Can you please make " Motion Detector " project with IR Transmitter & IR Reciever... Minimum distance of " Motion Detector " must be 1 hand distance...........

    @arijitbanik3139@arijitbanik31397 жыл бұрын

  • hey thanks for the tutorial, but can i changes the motor with the faster motor than motor in your tutorial?

    @Ryanvinceify@Ryanvinceify7 жыл бұрын

    • This tutorial: kzhead.info/sun/mZiKeLBviqtnZXA/bejne.html

      @anakrantau6415@anakrantau64155 жыл бұрын

    • how to do godown wiring, how to godown wiring

      @prelectricianelectronics4663@prelectricianelectronics46635 жыл бұрын

    • Bhai I should introduce u to my eng teacher

      @spidecraftplayz9656@spidecraftplayz96564 жыл бұрын

    • how does the motor rotate the whole body of car on turns and curves, i mean the rotating mechanism (castor wheel) is not powered by any source, and bo motor's shaft is also fixed, (means it rotates only on one vertical axis), then how does car change itself direction

      @Subswithnovideos-gv9qi@Subswithnovideos-gv9qi4 жыл бұрын

    • Add a couple relays and you can add in giant Motors

      @lg-xt5pn@lg-xt5pn3 жыл бұрын

  • loved your work

    @addy.is.live1@addy.is.live17 жыл бұрын

  • Indicator Too ? Awesome !

    @LunaticG@LunaticG7 жыл бұрын

  • How to make battery tester

    @unknownuser9255@unknownuser92557 жыл бұрын

  • What are the components required?

    @madhurjyabezbaruah5703@madhurjyabezbaruah57037 жыл бұрын

  • Perfeito, parabéns pelo trabalho.

    @SERTECMANUTENCAO@SERTECMANUTENCAO7 жыл бұрын

  • lovely electronic items

    @vijaychopra3996@vijaychopra39967 жыл бұрын

  • hey I want to ask that you have removed only the buzzer from the ir sensor circuit.... please reply fast....

    @shreyanshshrivastava224@shreyanshshrivastava2246 жыл бұрын

    • Yr reply kr dia kro

      @shreyanshshrivastava224@shreyanshshrivastava2246 жыл бұрын

    • Please help anyone

      @shreyanshshrivastava224@shreyanshshrivastava2246 жыл бұрын

    • Yes

      @sandhyabhat8713@sandhyabhat87134 жыл бұрын

    • No the circuit is different

      @Devil-dn2ew@Devil-dn2ew2 жыл бұрын

  • How to make that middle board for using only one proximity sensor

    @vasishtaramgundam4436@vasishtaramgundam44366 жыл бұрын

    • why you want to do that so

      @AbhaySingh-ho3ni@AbhaySingh-ho3ni5 жыл бұрын

  • Bhai isi year kisi nit se btech krunga..... circuit designing seekh kr sabse pehle isse banaunga Thanks a lot!

    @SandeepKumar-du1ns@SandeepKumar-du1ns5 жыл бұрын

  • you are great Tapendra Mandal

    @gigyandas4865@gigyandas48656 жыл бұрын

  • also there are three pins in ir transmitter so how to connect that 3

    @rippanbansal2742@rippanbansal27427 жыл бұрын

    • RIPPAN BANSAL yeah I wanna know about that

      @quickquicky1640@quickquicky16406 жыл бұрын

    • One is left ideal

      @hridayagrawal7992@hridayagrawal79925 жыл бұрын

  • At 03:11 or 02:36 what are you using to do that. Anyone please reply soon

    @venkatarohith6755@venkatarohith67556 жыл бұрын

    • go and see l293d motor driver ciruit

      @v.rohith6833@v.rohith68335 жыл бұрын

  • Owesome And I like Your Replaying

    @s.rsahir@s.rsahir7 жыл бұрын

  • thank you Tapendra Mandal

    @p.raghavendrakumar1925@p.raghavendrakumar19256 жыл бұрын

  • Tapendra mandal pls tell do we have to set the potentiometer

    @harshitsaxena5602@harshitsaxena56027 жыл бұрын

    • +Channel awesome yes

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • very good and mindade work .........ceeptup

    @JEET_NATH@JEET_NATH7 жыл бұрын

  • Thanks I am making this for science exhibition

    @luffymonke0810@luffymonke08104 жыл бұрын

  • plz AGR ap is video pa sath sath boll kar guide kara to sahi samaj laga gi

    @aleemilyas5671@aleemilyas56717 жыл бұрын

    • Watch video make robot line follower with. Coding: kzhead.info/sun/mZiKeLBviqtnZXA/bejne.html

      @anakrantau6415@anakrantau64155 жыл бұрын

    • অারঔ সহজ িকছু নেই

      @mdhannan8126@mdhannan81265 жыл бұрын

  • what if I eant to increase speed of the robot?

    @vishal01mehra@vishal01mehra7 жыл бұрын

    • Remove the voltage regulator, it will give you more speed

      @life_of_kai__@life_of_kai__7 жыл бұрын

    • Thanks

      @vishal01mehra@vishal01mehra7 жыл бұрын

    • where is the voltage regulator?

      @byNinjaz@byNinjaz7 жыл бұрын

    • The mosfet connected to the battery is nothing but the voltage regulator. It outputs 5v from the battery's 9v... Remove that and just give a direct connection of 9v

      @life_of_kai__@life_of_kai__7 жыл бұрын

    • Vishal Mehra By PWM

      @essaalharbi1413@essaalharbi14136 жыл бұрын

  • Yor projects are good net and clean i like it

    @rupantaradhikary1482@rupantaradhikary14825 жыл бұрын

  • I made this in my mini project... M appreciated by all. Thanks for idea

    @aishwaryadubey4836@aishwaryadubey48365 жыл бұрын

    • Did it work? And what prize did you get?

      @msvnr1951@msvnr19515 жыл бұрын

  • what are the material you used .please can you say

    @hemraj5270@hemraj52707 жыл бұрын

    • +hemraj please check description

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • thanks

      @hemraj5270@hemraj52707 жыл бұрын

  • bro at 4:37 in video u are pointing a wire. what is that

    @rippanbansal2742@rippanbansal27427 жыл бұрын

    • that is a jumper wire for IR proximate sensor

      @yaminhossain9266@yaminhossain92666 жыл бұрын

  • Nice video!

    @dz-abouttechnique1849@dz-abouttechnique1849 Жыл бұрын

  • Thanks for idea

    @jyotichoudhary9478@jyotichoudhary94784 жыл бұрын

  • I want to bye complete this project how much price

    @satpathy.debiprasad36bapu43@satpathy.debiprasad36bapu436 жыл бұрын

    • Watch next videos:

      @anakrantau6415@anakrantau64155 жыл бұрын

  • How to make a quadcopter ... I want the video brother.

    @rockin537@rockin5377 жыл бұрын

    • Rock In whats your budget bro

      @deadpoolreborn5322@deadpoolreborn53227 жыл бұрын

    • Shivam's Mystery my budget is 3000 rs

      @rockin537@rockin5377 жыл бұрын

    • Rock In

      @crazycreatorcrazycreator9102@crazycreatorcrazycreator91027 жыл бұрын

    • Rock In bro i have all theoretical matter.... lol but the point is i dont have enough money to make it need a investor lol...

      @rakshitbhatt4168@rakshitbhatt41687 жыл бұрын

    • Be simple ok bro let me ping u up

      @rakshitbhatt4168@rakshitbhatt41686 жыл бұрын

  • Hello! I did the printed circuit board design for the engine controller. If you should, just write! Thanks for the idea for the version without microcontroller!

    @nemethlaszlo3470@nemethlaszlo34706 жыл бұрын

  • 👌 Excellent project bro...... you are great....👏

    @arijitbanik3139@arijitbanik31397 жыл бұрын

    • +Arijit Banik thanks bro

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • how much costly is this project? plz reply fast

    @rippanbansal2742@rippanbansal27427 жыл бұрын

    • +RIPPAN BANSAL Rs200

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • 2 BO motors alone cost Rs 200/ plus 2 wheels Rs 150/, driver ic plus 2 set ir sensors, another Rs 100/ total a minimum Rs 500/ .

      @jaleelahmed8901@jaleelahmed89016 жыл бұрын

    • Don't buy parts online ,it will costly

      @kunalaglave4326@kunalaglave43266 жыл бұрын

    • elecroncomponents.com there it is cheap

      @AbhaySingh-ho3ni@AbhaySingh-ho3ni5 жыл бұрын

  • can you give code with microcontroller

    @adityarai7674@adityarai76747 жыл бұрын

    • +cartoon lover no need to use microcontroller.

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • very nice

      @nabamoran9142@nabamoran91426 жыл бұрын

  • super project well done

    @kesavan5692@kesavan56926 жыл бұрын

  • Excellent project

    @electronic7979@electronic79796 жыл бұрын

  • how is the robot turning?

    @shahidilhan3139@shahidilhan31397 жыл бұрын

    • because it has line sensor

      @kumkummaurya1325@kumkummaurya13256 жыл бұрын

    • Kumkum Maurya yeah I know but all the line sensor does is send signals right?

      @shahidilhan3139@shahidilhan31396 жыл бұрын

    • What do you mean? IR sensors send signals to the motor driver which then adjusts the speed for each motor. Turn left? - Right motor runs faster.

      @LGBender@LGBender6 жыл бұрын

    • +Zerro looks signaling problem

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal6 жыл бұрын

    • If left sensor is on line, right motor is in on and left one is in off. So it will turn left. This process will be faster.

      @maharshi9999@maharshi99996 жыл бұрын

  • Circuit is wrong!! Connect 3rd pin of ic lm358 to +ve of receiver and 2nd pin to variable resistor.(note: By mistake he changed connection for 2&3 pins I mentioned it ,to verify this see his video of making ir sensor [link given in description] in which he connected correctly :->

    @spiritualguru9050@spiritualguru90504 жыл бұрын

    • I made my own using this video... kzhead.info/sun/pZmQc8OBp6Junas/bejne.html Connections are fine!

      @kiranstechhobbies8993@kiranstechhobbies8993 Жыл бұрын

    • Hey brother just tell me which is right circuit In video or description link ?

      @aryankhullar3508@aryankhullar3508 Жыл бұрын

  • Excellent!

    @wimvanstaden7525@wimvanstaden75255 жыл бұрын

  • FELICITACIONES muchacho,con estos videos SI se aprende,gracias y le tengo un reto , necesito aprender a controlar un motor DC con un modulo RF 315 mhz , en los videos que he visto los motores vuelven locos a los modulos RF por aquello del ruido electrico.

    @FranciscoGomez-cw2nd@FranciscoGomez-cw2nd6 жыл бұрын

  • Witch component use in video pzz make vidaut using pvc bord

    @pachade7113@pachade71137 жыл бұрын

  • Whats was not and good to try make a post of video full data only if it is perfect i had tried cnc but the software problem u had not provided full detail of all software that which need to run

    @mrahulreddy6808@mrahulreddy68087 жыл бұрын

    • +Rahul Reddy.M bro already answered such questions before.. please scroll old comments.. hope you will get your answer.

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • ***** but answer given not correct

      @mrahulreddy6808@mrahulreddy68087 жыл бұрын

    • ***** u have shown g code but the software don't have that i had downloaded the unicorn g code extraction but the software showing error while saving

      @mrahulreddy6808@mrahulreddy68087 жыл бұрын

    • But com port-3 is not available in Windows 7 ,isn't it?

      @innovation7418@innovation74187 жыл бұрын

    • Rahul Reddy.M i had tried the CNC project. it worked fine, no software error or complexity.. just my pen holder was connected loosely that's why plotting was little bit imperfect. and the COM PORT problem u have told is not related to inkscape or processing3.. when you connect your Arduino, automatically it allocates a port. It's not necessary to be the com port no is 3... if any com port isn't allocated automatically after connecting arduino, please update the Arduino driver... [ i have faced this problem n fixed it] +Tapendra Mandal, you are doing really nice job. upload more arduino & raspberry based project video.. oh, IOT too.. Fun fact: i never used an soldering iron before and fried 2 DVD stepper, 1 L293D .. But finally i made it.. 😎

      @hasanshahriar3404@hasanshahriar34047 жыл бұрын

  • احييك على هذا الاختراع الرائع👏👏

    @user-su7tf1jq9m@user-su7tf1jq9m6 жыл бұрын

  • excellent job

    @omerafiq18@omerafiq187 жыл бұрын

  • my model is not working

    @rippanbansal2742@rippanbansal27427 жыл бұрын

    • mine either

      @neerajnarwal9558@neerajnarwal95586 жыл бұрын

    • RIPPAN BANSAL why?

      @barindersinghjandu847@barindersinghjandu8476 жыл бұрын

    • Aditya Mhatre there is no Arduino there is no need for programming

      @ratanlal4772@ratanlal47726 жыл бұрын

  • bro reply kar diya karo

    @rippanbansal2742@rippanbansal27427 жыл бұрын

    • RIPPAN BANSAL u can watch my projects too , I have worked on lfrs , if u have queries u can comment on my videos kzhead.info/tools/SYKzTtk_Hm5tedon4auo4Q.html?app=desktop

      @PawanKumarZilla@PawanKumarZilla6 жыл бұрын

  • this is the best video ever of line follower robot

    @vaibhavrao1974@vaibhavrao19747 жыл бұрын

    • thank you so much.

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • Nice video sir i am tray this project

    @mr.amitkumarverma7696@mr.amitkumarverma76965 жыл бұрын

  • we are not engenieers 😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😈

    @IDEAMakersMasters@IDEAMakersMasters6 жыл бұрын

  • Bro I do it......

    @rockin537@rockin5377 жыл бұрын

    • Rock In hii bro u use exactly circuit diagram which is shown in this vedio ??

      @jituchauhan9463@jituchauhan94637 жыл бұрын

    • hey how much money you send to make it

      @49_hiritikgupta88@49_hiritikgupta887 жыл бұрын

    • +Anuj Gupta check the link in the description

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • Tapendra Mandal I made this line follower but 9v battery frequently draining so can we replace 9v battery to 12v ?? and how ??? please help

      @pranavsatpute7656@pranavsatpute76566 жыл бұрын

    • tell me you have followed the same circuit diagram which is shown in the video

      @umairmujahid7518@umairmujahid75186 жыл бұрын

  • Nice work

    @zeeldarji1733@zeeldarji17334 жыл бұрын

  • SUCH A GREAT IDEA . KEEP IT UP

    @dkkumawat5063@dkkumawat50637 жыл бұрын

    • +D k Kumawat thanks

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • first yorum

    @ondergunes3149@ondergunes31497 жыл бұрын

    • +Önder Güneş yo yo

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • Thanks

      @ondergunes3149@ondergunes31497 жыл бұрын

    • isimsiz 49 her yerde belli ederiz kendimizi skshshjw

      @ondergunes3149@ondergunes31497 жыл бұрын

  • second comment

    @sarthakniranjan8646@sarthakniranjan86467 жыл бұрын

    • +Technical Purush Thank you

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

    • Tapendra Mandal you do pretty nice tutorials

      @sarthakniranjan8646@sarthakniranjan86467 жыл бұрын

    • Tapendra Mandal think about using a raspberry pi

      @sarthakniranjan8646@sarthakniranjan86467 жыл бұрын

    • theInfoBimfo RoXXX Thanksgiving y

      @temitopebabatola953@temitopebabatola9536 жыл бұрын

  • very very good Tapendra Mandal

    @bholanathmanna5916@bholanathmanna59167 жыл бұрын

    • +BHOLANATH MANNA thanks

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • nice work.. wooden blocks are heavy for the motor..

    @thejr.engineer5662@thejr.engineer56627 жыл бұрын

  • Awesome bro

    @achannelfornoreason6550@achannelfornoreason65506 жыл бұрын

  • Plzzzz. Tell me OK how to solder properly with using flux plz make one video for it and thumbs up

    @diwasrimal6750@diwasrimal67507 жыл бұрын

  • Is it necessary to have a white floor for working of the robot or it can work on any colored floor ?

    @syedahad4557@syedahad45577 жыл бұрын

  • Thank you for sharing your knowledge .. I will make one and this is in contact with you ..

    @nando5505@nando55056 жыл бұрын

  • very nice brother

    @ramanghanglaghangla63@ramanghanglaghangla636 жыл бұрын

  • Very good

    @djmic2417@djmic24176 жыл бұрын

  • Fantastic broo..

    @gabbargaming842@gabbargaming8426 жыл бұрын

  • Great work bro6

    @fitnesslegacybyjiteshrajpu785@fitnesslegacybyjiteshrajpu7856 жыл бұрын

  • it also worked out for me

    @p.raghavendrakumar1925@p.raghavendrakumar19256 жыл бұрын

  • excellent projects

    @aquacultureaquariumsgoa3995@aquacultureaquariumsgoa39957 жыл бұрын

  • Very nice robot mini.

    @vobinhthu5299@vobinhthu52996 жыл бұрын

  • excellent..video

    @quickhelp2474@quickhelp24746 жыл бұрын

  • Awesome! keep it up! 👍

    @amaeyparadkar9632@amaeyparadkar96327 жыл бұрын

    • +Amaey Paradkar thanks

      @tapendramandal@tapendramandal7 жыл бұрын

  • hello can you show to us how to conect the two sensors cause,the video show them conectet thanks

    @zenitarja1224@zenitarja12247 жыл бұрын

  • can we use readymade l293d which is available on Amazon

    @zimaad1739@zimaad17396 жыл бұрын

  • Hola maestro ... Tengo una consulta ,, quisiera saber si utiliza fotodiodos , o , fototransistor .. agradeceré su correspondiente , bendiciones ♥️

    @manuelmar3235@manuelmar32355 жыл бұрын

  • Ohh nice home made project tnx

    @jimchowdhury2497@jimchowdhury24975 жыл бұрын

  • What you used under it'like a white cylindrical box'?

    @RampalYadav-up3is@RampalYadav-up3is6 жыл бұрын

  • how can we use L293D motor driver as that circuit witch u made.plz tell me soon

    @siddharthanghan2221@siddharthanghan22216 жыл бұрын

  • well done boss

    @lingeshbyraiah9607@lingeshbyraiah96077 жыл бұрын

  • Very nicel

    @sanjaypundir753@sanjaypundir7534 жыл бұрын

  • Thanks man

    @devallaseshureddy9174@devallaseshureddy91746 жыл бұрын

  • Very gud brother super

    @VidhyaSagar-mylife-satya@VidhyaSagar-mylife-satya6 жыл бұрын

  • create module IR 1 and 2 in the back circuit is missed, can you explained? or other videos? thanks.

    @alimuthohari8507@alimuthohari85076 жыл бұрын

  • Can i use ir sensor in l293d to make a line follower robot? Please tell me the answer. Its urgent.

    @fouzanjavaid9049@fouzanjavaid90493 жыл бұрын
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