Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern
2015 ж. 15 Шіл.
5 609 216 Рет қаралды
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/where-did-e...
When we talk about ‘English’, we often think of it as a single language. But what do the dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or with the writings of Chaucer? Claire Bowern traces the language from the present day back to its ancient roots, showing how English has evolved through generations of speakers.
Lesson by Claire Bowern, animation by Patrick Smith.
I’m from South Carolina and my buddy from New York understands 50% of what I say to him. We’re making progress
Underrated comment right here
I'm from Maine and my friend is from Louisiana. I understand nothing. He understands less.
I totally understand that while being from Kentucky
My family from Charleston and Ridgeville South Carolina and nobody knew what my grandma was saying here in NY. I had to talk for her.
Were is the lie in this is from texas and California New York Louisiana all have different accent
3 billion humans are speaking the same words but cannot understand each other...how profound is that!
😂 lol
r/im14andthisisdeep
There same words but with different meaning
English is only spoken by 1.2 billion people. And it’s only properly spoken by half that
@@haltdieklappe7972 He might be referring to Indo-European but dont quote me on that
Persian: khoob English: good Persian: behtar English: better Persian: drost, raast English: right, Just Persian: dokhtar English: daughter Old Persian: Baq English: Big Persian: Ga'aw English: Cow Persian: Cart (means knife) English: Cut (what a knife is used for) Persian: Dar English: Door Persian: mard English: man Persian: setare English: star And many more including the usual father, mother, numbers etc..
goerge john yes! And also ‘baradar’ , which is ‘brother’ and ‘now’, which is ‘new’.
This is because persian is a Indo-European lenguage..
Fun fact is 80% of the Persian words written are in Hindi vocabulary also. Like Mard, Dar, sitara(star), khoob etc
@General William T. Sherman hindi language is actually a mixture of Sanskrit, Urdu , Arabic , Persian and other regional languages. 😆😆
German words are similar...tochter... tur... etc
I was brought up in England and was always amazed at the change in accent between cities and towns only short distances apart almost if you had immigrated!
Growing up in south east Northumberland in the 1960s, the accents used to change between neighbouring pit villages, even when it was hard to see where one of them ended and the next began. That's mostly lost now.
Just wait till you visit different parts of diverse cities like Boston and New York, the Deep South, or the old northwest... there’s tons and tons of variety based off where you live, not just “standard American” politicians speak in order to appeal to voters
@@TheIT221 there's obviously variety in accents in the US, particularly in the north east, but it's really nothing in comparison to the variety of accents in the UK
Just visit India,you will find different language only short distance apart
@@kaushiksingh3818it used to be the same in Europe I heard because of the telephone and other such communication technology they died out even now you probably never heard of Wmymsare (I think that's how you spell it)or Sords (Germanic and Slavic)or Marx and Esyemten (Celtic and Germanic) they're dieing Wmymsare (Poland)only has 14 speakers and Esyemten (Sweden)has 100s .
2:14 oh skit, didn’t know that
This comment deserves more likes😂
Ih skit, that's a good one 😂😂😂👍
O skit here we go again
Hi, I subbed you. 😃 nice name. 😁😁😁
Thanks for the like.
I am a native Slovak speaker and also have been lucky in my life to learn German and English and speak both at a fairly good level. To me, both languages are so similar in many aspects (and both so different to Slavic languages) and when listening to Norwegian, I basically hear a mix of German and English.
Erik Žiak l'Anglais et l'Allemand basiques sont germaniques et donc similaires, mais au-delà de cette constatation, l'Anglais moderne tire aussi son vocabulaire du franco-normand ( la langue de Guillaume le Conquérant), du Français de Paris et du Latin . Comme le Français est une langue latine, plus de 50% du vocabulaire de l'Anglais est d'origine romane . Dans les domaines de la science , de l'économie, de la culture , l'Anglais et le Français sont très proches .
Damn right
that’s the reason i started learning german, it’s so similar to english that it’s easy and it makes me seem cooler because i can speak 2 languages
That's how I feel about Portuguese, it sounds so much like spanish so I can somewhat understand but then it gets completely different lol
@@jean-louispirottin4144 I know enough Spanish and just enough Latin to understand almost your entire comment.
God: ok England, who do you want your language to be influenced by? England: yes
Americas new Zealand Australia and many more!
🦟🦗🐜🦇🐝🐗🪰🕷🦍🐃🦬
@@thecerebralassasinhhh8279 he said influenced buy, not whom. x
These comments the reason I looked this up on KZhead over google 🤣💯
Lol
Romance and French loanwords used in this one video: Single: from Old French "sengle" (no modern equivalent) Language: from Old French "language" (modern langage). Dialect: from Middle French "dialecte" (modern "dialecte") from Ancient Greek. Dozen: from Old French "dozaine" (modern "douzaine). Country: from Old French "contré" (modern "contrée"). Around: from Anglo-Norman "röunt" (modern "rond"). Common: from Anglo-Norman "comun" (modern "commun") Relate: from Latin "relātus" (no modern French equivalent other than derivatives such as "relation". Strange: from Old French "estrange" (modern étrange). Evolve: from Latin "ēvolvō" (Modern French "évoluer"). Generation: from Anglo-Norman "generacioun" (modern "génération). Major: from Latin "maior" (Modern French "majeur"). Change: from Old French "changier" (modern "changer") from Celtic. Trace: from Old French "trasser" (modern "tracer". Present: from Old French "present" (modern "présent"). Ancient: from Old French "ancien" (modern French "ancien"). Modern: from Middle French "moderne" (modern "moderne"). Similar: from Modern French "similaire". Derive: from Old French "deriver" (modern "dériver"). Originally: from Old French "origine" (modern "origine"). Part: from Old French "part" (modern "part"). Invasion: from Middle French "invasion" (modern "invasion"). Conquer: from Old French "cunquere" (modern "conquérir"). Rule: from Old French "riuler" (modern French "régler" however it's a demominalisation of "règle" which is straight borrowed from Latin). Class: from Middle French "classe" (modern "classe"). Add: from Latin "addō" (no modern French equivalent though there is a partial cognate in Spanish "añadir" and Galician "engadir"). Massive: from Middle French "massif" (modern "massif") from Greek. Amount: from Old French "amonter" (modern French hasn't got a verbal equivalent but does have "amont"). Vocabulary: from Modern French "vocabulaire". Previously: from Latin "praevius" (no Modern French equivalent but there is Italian and Spanish "previo", Portuguese "prévio" and Catalan "previ"). Probably: from Old French "probable" (modern "probable"). Very: from Old French "verai" (modern "vrai"). Familiar: from Latin "familiāris" (modern French "familier"). Recognise and derivatives like Recognisable: from Old French "reconoistre" (modern French "reconnaître" and "reconnaissable".) Cause as in because: from Old French "cause" (modern "cause"). Family: from Latin "familia" (modern French "famille"). Isle: from Old French "ille" (modern "île"). Century: from Old French "centurie" (obsolete modern French "centurie"). Comparative: from Middle French "comparatif" (modern "comparatif"). Linguistics: from German "Linguistik", from Latin "linguisticus" (modern French "linguistique"). Focus: from Latin "focus" (modern French "focus" is from the English word but there's also the inherited "feu" alongside it as well the related "focaliser"). Grammatical: from Middle French "grammatical" (modern "grammatical") from Ancient Greek. Structure: from Middle French "structure" (modern "structure"). Pattern: from Old French "patron" (modern "patron"). Sound: from Anglo-Norman "soun" (Modern French "son"). Certain: from Old French "certain" (Modern "certain"). Core: from Old French "cuer" (modern "cœur"). Example: from Old French "essample" (modern French "exemple"). Systematically: from Modern French "systématique" from Ancient Greek. Counterpart: from Old French "contrepartie" (modern "contrepartie"). Develop: from Modern French "développer" from Germanic. Direct: from Latin "dīrectus" (Modern French "directe" and inherited "droit". Just: from Old French "juste" (modern "juste". Various: from Middle French "varieux" (no modern equivalent though related words like "varié", "varier" and "variation" do exist.) Descend : from Old French "descendre" (modern "descendre") Ancestor: from Old French "ancestre" (modern French "ancêtre"). Historical: from Latin "historicus" (modern French "historique") from Ancient Greek. Reconstruct: from Latin "re- + constructus" (modern French "reconstruire".) Compare : from old French "comparer" (modern "comparer".) Possible: from old French "possible" (modern "possible"). Consistency: from Middle French "consistance" (modern French "consistance"). Use: from Old French "user" (modern French "user"). Process: from Old French "procés" (modern "procès). Include: from Latin "inclūdere" (modern French "inclure"). Large: from Old French "large"(modern "large"). Require: from old French "requere" (modern "requérir"). "Correspondence": from Middle French "correspondance" (modern French "correspondance"). Different: from Old French "diferent" (modern différent"). Branch: from Old French "branche" (modern "branche"). Distant: from old French "distant" (modern "distant"). Displace: from Old French "desplacer" (modern "déplacer"). Unfortunately: root is from Latin "fortunatus" (no Modern French counterpart but related words like "fortune" do exist.) Allow: from Anglo-French "alouer" (modern "allouer"). Mystery: from Anglo-Norman "misterie" (modern French "mystère"). Remain: from Old French "remanoir" (no modern French equivalents). Nature: from old French "nature" (modern French "nature"). Prior: from Latin "prior" (modern French "prieur"). Fact: from Latin "factum" (Modern French "fait".) Million: from Middle French "million" (modern French "million"). People: from Anglo-Norman "people" (modern French "peuple").
I am french I did know that some words came from old french for example : Dozen....
"Mystery" comes from the Greek "mysterion"
wow that took a minite
Wow... you are DEDICATED
There are indeed French related words for : Single : "singulier" (which means "different from others" or "strange") Relate : the verb "relater", which means to report, to recount) Add : the verb "additionner" which means...to add, and the related noun "addition" Amount : transformed in "montant" in modern French (same root obviously) Previously : the verb "prévoir", which means to foresee or to plan (a clear shift in the meaning compared to English) Unfortunately : the word "infortuné"' is still used, meaning "unlucky" (strangely enough, "fortuné" is not the contrary, as it now means "wealthy") Remain : "rémanent", which means "persistent"
Well, when two languages love each other very much...
They make a new language
And the process can take time...
@@dainn066 culture appropriations
@@theodorepatel514 ??????
@@bykegetter478 as woke man i am offended that we have taken other people's slang and other people's words to make a language and then call it ours.
"In this country we speak American!" It cracks me up every time they say it.
Wel its go from hindi to Germanic. The found 4 new DNA signs,from unknown humans.
american = american english
@@nofatchxplzthx there is only English and incorrect English. Just like when someone says British English, it's false.
tj o• Your actually wrong, American-English is correct, it’s English still, but the American dialect.
america doesnt have officially language?
2:05 wow, is that the reason why German's word for apple is 'Apfel'?
No, it's the reason why the English word for apfel is 'Apple' :-)
Both kind of right i guess
Yes catastrobia you are more correct
In some dialects it still is "Appel". Also pepper - Pfeffer (but many say Feffer without p nowadays.) Ship - Schiff (But there is a verb "schippern" wich means moving around with a ship) Grip - Griff But there are few the other way around: Engl staff - germ Stab
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 You could see it in some last names too. Pfeiffer = Piper Fischer = Fisher Schmidt = Smith Müller = Miller Becker = Baker Braun = Brown
From the perspective of a language learner, English just looks like a mix of French and German with a bit of sophisticated Greek terms and with "mutually exclusive" pronunciation and spelling :P
@Martin Cregan you're kinda right, but the germans didn't borrow from franks, remember the Franks were a GERMANIC tribe who influenced French a lot alongside the Gauls. So I'd say it was the other way around.
Latin is under the proto indo European umbrella. I'm annoyed ot wasn't explicitly explained and the there is debate as to where the language actually originated.
Think of English as a germanic language that uses latin verbs and nouns. This is why English can split an infinitive, yet French cannot.
@@amynazza I don't think English uses Latin verbs...it uses mainly Germanic verbs with some French in there.
58 percent of English words derive directly or indirectly from Latin
There is a German dialect spoken mainly in the north of Germany called "Plattdeutsch" or "Plattdüütsch" that really sounds like English. For example: English: "Now it's too late" Normal German ("Deutsch" or "Hochdeutsch"): "Jetzt ist es zu spät" Plattdeutsch: "Nu is to laat" I've always wondered and why but now it makes a lot more sense. Edit: Yes, I do realize that Plattdeutsch is closer to Dutch than to English, I live pretty close to the Dutch border and when we're in the Netherlands we can get around just fine with our Plattdeutsch, even if we don't actually speak Dutch. We might not understand everything, but it's really similar. (In fact, we recently went to the zoo here in Germany, but there's a lot of Dutch visitors there as well because it's so close to the border. We came across a little 4 year old Dutch boy who had lost sight of his parents and could actually figure out his and his parents' names by speaking Plattdeutsch with him so we knew who we had to look for. Luckily his parents were also frantically looking for him and we found them within a few minutes.)
Laura B The Angles came from Northern Germany/Southern Denmark. So that might be why XD
Auf Deutsch kann man auch nun sagen
it sounds more like dutch
Check out BBC's great series "The Adventure of English" here on KZhead - 8 episodes á 50 mins. ( especially episodes 1 & 2 in this context ). And also Langfocus' excellent video "The Viking Influence on the Language". And the hilarious "Verner's Law" for a humouristic, yet serious look at these deep links between our languages 😁
@Anglo-Celtic Mega Nationalist Because it's basically descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Middle English. But apart from that - and apart from all the other variants of English and creole Englishes spoken around the world... 😎
the origins and evolution of language into the hundreds if not thousands of languages we have now fascinates me
boy638 You imply that there were not thousands of languages in the past.
Then my bad for giving the wrong idea. I meant that it's fascinating how languages began and evolved into the languages we speak today.
+icedragon769 Well there definitely would've been fewer at some point, I mean at one time there had to have been zero languages
danrich92 This is true. However, the first languages are expected to have appeared 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. The farthest into the past we can look as far as languages go is about 8000 years, give or take. It is impossible to know anything about a "first language". That said, my main criticism was to point out that, there are FEWER languages today than there were at the time of Proto-Indo-European, not more. It just so happens that this one group of people spread into areas familiar to Westerners so we know its descendants by name.
nonesense
I love English so much. You can just feel the texture of so many different languages in it. In its vocabulary, its phonetics, its styles...
Speaking it is so much fun. Reading it is nightmare 😂
But , wow, type it down in Twitter and the prose is taken entirely out of context
The problem is, your using Twitter bro.
I love english because it's germanic, multicultralism is cringe!
It's style and phonetics is germanic
I didn't know that English has so many origins. I knew it has a lot of Latin (especially French) and German backgrounds but not as many as listed in the video. Good to know.
Modern English people are primarily descended from Anglo Saxons. Anglo Saxons were primarily from Denmark as well as Lower Saxony and Schleswig Holstein in germany. So basically, English people are just germans and Danes lol
Germanic, not German! German is just one of the languages that belong to this large language family - German is only a remote cousin of English, and this took place centuried before an Old (High) German even existed.
Not German. Germany only existed since 19th century. English and Danish are Germanic languages
@@frankklein4872 ?
@@haltdieklappe7972 Germanic not Germany
Wait- does that mean "shirt" and "skirt" are essentially the same word?!
That I was thinking and I guess so
It depends I'm pretty sure it really isn't but I guess it matters where it's origin/nationality came from
Nice catch, bro!
yup. English borrowed "skirt" which became "shirt". Then English borrowed "skirt" again...hmm? borrowed? or STOLE?!
Xopher000 Yes, exactly! and the meaning changed the same way that "pants" means underwear in England and jeans in America.
Really liked the animation.
EatPlums Cry about it b*tch.
@EatPlums you sound like you're fun at parties
@EatPlums You are a middle-schooler.
OMG!!! The voice cover is just mesmerising ✨🖤
A very comprehensive explanation. Concise at the same time.
I'm just happy you said Western Asia instead of the Middle East.
IKR!
SilverAbsol They didn't say that because they were talking about Iran and India. Middle eastern languages like Arabic and Hebru belong to the Semitic not the Indo European family.
wyl Kan Then he would've said Iran and South Asia. Yes, Arabic is Semitic.
SilverAbsol South Asia is too broad of a region. It includes Thailand, Indonesia and the Phillipines which have their own Liguistic family.
wyl Kan You ruined it for me. ;-; But then again, when they said Western Asia maybe they only meant Iran but that doesn't mean they don't consider the rest of the Asian Arab countries as Western Asia. Doesn't make sense for a region to contain one country.
German is a big brother of English! I can speak them both. (I’m from Russia 🇷🇺) Examples: I can help you - Ich kann dir helfen. She is my friend - Sie ist mein freund. You must be here - Du musst hier sein. Good morning - Guten morgen. Hello - Hallo. This is blue - Das ist blau. Go and wash your hands - Geh und wasch deine hande. Water flows under the bridge - Wasser fliess unter der brucke. I have made it - Ich habe es gemacht. Bring me the book - Bring mir das buch. We drink tea in the morning - Wir trinken tee am morgen. My finger is broken - Mein finger ist gebrochen. I hate the wind. - Ich hasse der wind. Can you fly? - Kannst du fliegen? The grass is green - Das gras ist grun.
There is also Low German, which is the successor of Old Saxon, and it's even closer than High German: I can help you - Ik kann di helpen / Ik kann ju helpen She is my friend - Se is min fründ Water flows under the bridge - Water flaut unner de Brüch We drink tea in the morning - Wi drinkt tee an'n morgen My finger is broken - Mien finger is broken I hate the wind - Ik haat den wind
+Michael Köther Old saxon is just a Dutch dialect. I can help you - ik kan je helpen She is my friend - ze is mijn vriend
+Caius Klein Now that was a good joke :-). Give me one serious source that states that. Low Saxon and Dutch have a lot in common (same for Old Saxon and Old Low Franconian aka Old Dutch), but also distinctive features. Ik wünsch di en goden dag ;-).
+Michael Köther well, only half joking. Old saxon is older than high german, which sort of is an "constructed" language. Both Dutch and old saxon stayed more true to their germanic roots, hence why they are almost the same. I would even argue that because of that they are both closer connected to English, because old English looks more like Dutch than it does to German. High german had a Consonant shift thats why. Just google it. Ik wens u ook een goede dag ;)
Naja, passt schon, wenn es Schweizer Standarddeutsch ist, vom Fallfehler mal abgesehen. Das beta-förming Ding ist übrigens noch ein Überbleibsel aus dem gothischen Alphabet. Wenn man die alte Schrift benutzt, sieht es aus wie ein Mix aus s und z, was ich ganz amüsant finde.
i am currently learning greek and i found so many words with greek origion. such including, passion, hipopotomas, metropolitin, bible, kinetic and many more. i feel like greek influence was not talked enough about in this video
Exactly!!
Irrespective of its roots, the beautiful language called English, indeed plays a vital role in the modern world communication and is undoubtedly one of the most expressive languages used till date.
I wouldn't call it beautiful
@@Lumberjack_king maybe not you but there are many more who think it is.
@@uzaidgurjee4798 ok I just think it has more flaws than most languages but I got to give it praise for having a "th" sound most languages dont
@@Lumberjack_king is german a better language to learn than english?
@@comdrive3865 I mean Idk they are related English used to be more similar to German then eventually became it's own language there's no way to say which is "better" though German is probably significantly easier to learn as a second language
I wish this video had been geared toward teaching about the origins of the English language. Instead it seems to have been geared toward sharing tidbits.
***** Unfortunately, most of the best information on the subject is hidden in books. Of course, who reads books anymore. There are a few of us ancients who have lived over 500 years who still read them. But now everyone gets their information from videos. TED has a few good things but it is always the lite version and little substance. Oops! I might have exagerated a few things.
All right. Why don't you share what you think the video _should_ have said, so we can all learn it?
***** you should ask for your money back.
Baal Buster - Ha! TED already sent me a gift basket, so we're good now.
TheStrawhatmenace - I'm sorry you feel that way. Let's have a meal together if you're ever in San Diego.
Interestingly, Hungarian, Finnish, and Euscara (Basque) are the only languages in Europe without Indo-European roots.
estonian
Alex Cursaru There's also Turkic minorities in Ukraine and the balkans area such as Bulgaria
Baskue and Albanian are another two non-indo-european languages.
Horia Neculcea Only Basque is non-indo-european.
+Cicero Actually finno-ugric languages are not considered to be a part of the indo-european languages. +Horia Neculcea Albanian is an indo-european language.
Brilliantly and effectively narrated and illustrated 👏👏👏
I was brought up in Philippines and was always amazed at the change in accent between cities and towns only short distances apart almost if you had immigrated
This was so enlightening ! I did look into the roots of English language about 3 years ago but wasnt able to understand it this clearly untill now ! you are amazing ted-ed
That last statement made me feel all warm and fuzzy inside.
Thank you brilliantly and effectively narrated and illustrated
Thank you for making this accessible to us. I loved them.
It’s very informative video. I learned that many languages are interconnected and create a certain chain. I think the more languages you know, the wider you see the world around you.
Definitely true, my native tongue is German, but I also fluently speak English and Spanish, so I can generally connect to most people around me
*me sitting in my room eating noodles just thinking about life* "Man I wonder how they made engish"
Thats me😂
It feels new to know about this because I speak Korean🇰🇷. Korean was invented by a king in the 15th century, so the alphabets are very distinct from English, and also from Japanese or Chinese. The grammars are also very different. I always feel that Kind Sejong was such a incredible king when I see things like this, explaining the origins of English and the connection between various languages or so. Just think about it; inventing a language!!
Pretty sure he just invented the writing system not language
@@meepulp true.... this could just just be a myth created as a backing to the language... it's a legitimisation tactic that has been long prevalent in histories of the world
@@meepulp Yes Im korean and what sejong created was not a language but an alphabet lol I think he misunderstood
@@shambhavidwivedi1707 The korean language existed thousands of years ago No one in this world created a language😂 But it is true that he created the korean alphabet
@@user-ww9hp9fo5nI mean, Tolkien made his own language for his books. It hasn't seen widespread use but many people made their own languages for various reasons.
So grateful I found this channel
I read Beowulf in 8th grade! It was amazing to me! Always interested in foreign languages since I was four, I ended up taking almost 1 year of Latin then a little French. After that 1 year of Spanish then two years of German. Twelve years later I moved to Germany (military). It was so easy for me to speak and read. I also speak a lot of SpA
Spanish, it is so easy for me! It’s been almost 35 years since I was in Germany but I can still speak it!
Dann lass ich grüßen und komm doch mal zu Besuch ;)
Thank you for posting! This is a great video, and I really appreciate the link to the lesson plan!
Years ago I read some pages of a book written in medieval English, I was surprised that without my knowledge of Dutch it would not have been possible to understand the text. : )
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!
Sko in Swedish = shoe in English this just popped into my head when he said k became sh
Skit och shit är rätt obvious också lol
Hvorfor nevnte han ikke norsk? 😕
Add schoen, Dutch for shoe, and you can see how closely we are related :)
yeah but you need to be careful with german some of their words are stolen from english, which is bizarre. These words normally look the exact same as the english word, like Schwimmen and Auto
Isn't Auto from the Greek language?
thank you SO MUCH for this channel i can FEEL myself getting smarter
You`re so right. More's the pity that after watching some videos, one actually feels dumber.
same
Animation in this is WONDERFUL. 👏👏👏😎
I love the evolution of language... it is highly fascinating
No wonder why I sometimes feel like German sounds like English.
NJ no on on
Deanna Radiant Almost all languages have some words that sounds like English. I think German is more complicated that English, they call pen a "kugelschreiber"
Roger B 1. to pen (a letter) means to write; 2. to write = schreiben (in German); 3. ball = Kugel (in German); 4. ball pen = Kugelschreiber (in German); 5. Q.E.D.: It's exactly the same!
Marc Gyver For me, English is the third language and I have learned basics of the great German language. So I find it easy to say ball pen than Kugelschreiber. Yeah, kinda embarrassed.
Roger B The thing with German, is that (it seems to me), when naming a thing, they shove a whole bunch of preexisting words together to create the new word. It's very logical, if not particularly creative.
English has absorbed a lot from other languages, but this hasn't changed its basic Germanic structure. Where German uses compound words, and double and triple, English developed from French vocabulary another way of expression. In 1066, French culture was imported to the merry isle as was my name, Geoffrey, a name most Americans can't even pronounce.
The same way you’d pronounce Jeffrey.
Why do people always mention Americans in comments sections of videos that have nothing to do with Americans. It really makes me want to punch holes through their faces.
Germanic not German
russian and english: wolf-волк(volk) night-ночь(noch) son-сын(syn) daughter-дочь(doch) dream-дрёма(dryoma) water-вода(voda) milk-молоко(moloko) gold-золото(zoloto) (g>z) track-дорога(doroga) tree-дерево(derevo) nose-нос(nos) day-день(den') cold-холод(holod) new-нов(nov) deal-дело (delo) angle-угол (ugol) (an>u) Cheak-щека (scheka) Eyebrow-бровь (brov') (to) Be-бы(ть) (by(t')) (to) Sit-сид(еть) (sid(et')) etc
Yes, indo european.
Thank you so much for this video..
It has been my dream to be able to speak and understand every language in the world! I love learning how language evolved to form the languages spoken today
Shout out to the animation team! Brilliant work as always.
Excellent presentation! 👍👍
I would really love and appreciate if TED-Ed would make a similar video about the Albanian language.
It sucks that we have lost 80% of human history ..
True. But if you look at the bright side, human history is being made all around us right now!
We haven’t lost it, It’s just hidden.
They didn’t lose it they jus not tellin us😂
@@flutterwind7686 I want this level of positiveness in my life
History is 100% lost... We only have copies...
Amazing art, music, and story! I loved this.
English now : hello my friend how are you today " future English prediction: hewo ma bruh how yoaht toda
Ve nid to chang alfabet prunounciashun of Inglish to mak it isier to read Meaning: We nned to change alphabet pronounciqtion of English to make it easier to read My opinion :Hindi is easier to read
Even if it is obvious, but, yeah, it is exciting, how these two languages are really connected between themselves. When I tried to learn German about 5 years ago, I realized, how many similar words there are in these languages. During that period I was so confused and mixed two languages in one.
The Frisian language is not even mentioned once. And it might be one of the most important ones.
+Aragorn Strider I wouldn't say important, but definitely interesting
+Aragorn Strider Frisian vocabulary and pronunciation is so close that modern speakers can understand Old English. Frisian is more of a survival than an ancestor of OE.
+David H That does not compute!
How so? Explain, please
Geordie, Northumbrian, and Scots are the closest English dialects to Old English. Geordie and Frisian share a lot of vocabulary and pronunciation... while Scots is derived from Northumbrian Anglish when most of the Scottish lowlands were under Northumbrian rule after Rheged and Northumberland united through marriage. When Eddie Izzard went to buy a broon coo from a Frisian farmer, the only word I did not understand from Frisian was the word for shed.
i'm gonna study languages in college and this not only gave me chills, but got teary eyed...
affect
really you need too get out more my dear ..
Lucy Sevi if you get teary eyed about linguistic phenomena such as this, then you've probably found your calling. Seriously. Now call this sexist or what not, I don't know why but women also tend to just love learning linguistics, I've found.
Очень наглядно демонстрирует в виде мультфильма. И комментарии в основном по делу и содержательные. А это редкость, значит, ролик выдающийся.
2:18 Sweden: skirt English: oh! you mean shirt
This will be great as I try to show how and why words are related to my French and German students! Thank you!
Germanic we’re not Germans
I love Ted so mush :))) thanks to these lessons, I can develop my self for the better :))))
I'm English and from Newcastle where we are called Geordies, the Geordie dialect is the only dialect remaining that is the closest to the old Anglo Saxon dialect that was spoken a thousand years ago.
Cuold you write an example please?
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 it's not really written certain words are, yhem means home it's the same in Norwegian as is Huss pronounced Hoose in Geordie, which is house.
@@jazzflute2465 in german home is "Heim" its like hi with an aditional m.
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 very similar the Saxon influence
@@jazzflute2465 Newcastle was also a viking outpost in England during the viking age, so there's another substratum of Norse influences to consider.
This video leaves the impression that Swedish was a major influence on English. In fact, it was the Danes who predominately introduced Danelaw and many of the words used today.
I shall= jag ska. Shoot= skott. Shoe= sko. (English to swedish). Hadnt thought about this. Though its pretty cool when you actually notice those little things that makes them unique.
You could also write "jag skall" (a tad old or formal), making it even closer.
"Shoot" should be "Skjut" "Skott" is more... well it's a pronoun, you could translate it to "Bullet" but it's not really that precise, it means more something that can be fired, like if we use it in a sentence "Jag hör skott" "I hear shots" like the sound of gunfire, but you could also say "jag har slut på skott" which would mean "I'm out of shots". In this case meaning some kind of ammunition. Before the era of gunpowder I'm not really sure what the meaning of the word would be, but the word is used in some other contexts as well, like in "skottkärra" meaning "wheelbarrow", "skottår" "leap year" or "skotta" "shoveling" Considering these words it probably has to do with moving stuff around. "Skjuta" is a verb that means "shoot" f.ex. "jag skjuter med geväret" "I'm shooting with the rifle" or "Jag blev skjuten" "I got shot". But can be used in other contexts as well like f.ex. "Jag skjuter på bilen" "I'm pushing the car (onwards)" here we see the same pattern, the probably older meaning of pushing something onwards, moving something ina foreward motion. This comment became a lot longer than my original intent, oh well.
elliot lemon more over shit would then be skit
Hyddan92 skott/shoot funkar om du tänker växter istället, tex ärtskott/pea shoot 👍
Sandwich= sandewich Paradise=pardis Maman=mother Bat= batum In Persian
you forgot to menthion greek in the narration but you do have it in the thrubnail. some english proff has said that english is 60% latin and greek. examples: all words with -logy -graphy in are greek, words with "photo" in (means light in greek) like photograph, photosynthesis, photogenic, photolysis. word phone, come from the greek word φωνη which means voice, even the word "problem" is greek, consists of preposition προ and word βλήμα which comes from verb βαλλω which u can find in thosand words in greek language, some other verbs that contain it are: (καταβαλω,περιβαλω, επιβαλω, υπερβαλω, μεταβαλλω, υποβαλω, συμβαλω, διαβαλω)
Living in the Anglo-sphere for quite a few years, I can tell you that they are in some sort of denial when it comes to what they borrowed from the Greek language. I still can't spot the reasons for that.
the most current is Nigeria pigeon English
Take a guess why the rather universal, ever progressive, user friendly language called English is vague with its origins and oddly seems a whole lot more important then is understand. Is it english or engels or anh or английский or anglais or anglican or ingrisi or Bèarla or maybe is the original vulgar tongue of men. While french was used by the royals and governments, and 'latin' was used in catholicism and early church.... English, Ingreece, englyfh, Encrypt It is the true language of Egypt, the language of Hieroglyphic. The Sphinx is the Ark... the noise ark and the ark of consonant. The Archer. The HEAD is hallow... ed be thy name. Tap into the third eye of sphinx and mimic the solar.
7% of English is Greek, that's nothing compared to 26% each for French and Latin.
mourgos1234 They adopted those words threw French. But yeah, they mentioned latin, they should have mentioned greek too. French deriving from both of them
Beautiful video.
Wow. Great info. Great graphics. I want the book.
Why do so many people emphasize linguistic "purity"? In my opinion, the diversity of English is a strength, not a weakness.
I totally agree! And its a natural shift too
+1!
The problem with such diversity is best illustrated by this poem. Few native speakers of English can read it aloud without making errors in pronunciation. The reason, of course, is that many loan-words (foreign words) are not as know to the average English speaker. pauillac.inria.fr/~xleroy/stuff/english-pronunciation.html
Another test of how difficult it is to borrow so much from other languages is this: German > English freundlich > friendly Freund > Friend Freundschaft > Friendship Freundlichkeit > Friendliness and now the opposite of the words listed above: you fill in the English words. feindlich > Feind > Foe (cognate to Fiend) Feindschaft > Feindlichkeit > hint: the opposites all are borrowed into English from French or Latin.
yarmo28 The issue isn't really with the fact that they were borrowed. The issue is that the men who codified those words were traditionalists who wanted to keep the original spellings, when they should have made the spellings phonetic.
The word "Alcohol" came from *ARABIC* Alcohol=الكحول Pronounced *alkuhul*
Many Arabic words start with al, al qaeda, algorithm. I guess al is sorta like the? So maybe alkuhul is al kuhul and kuhul means something?
@@djmuscovy7525 Yeeeah u right, Al.. means The.. "Al"cohol = "The" kuhul
@@achraf9650 arabic is related to older language tho so its possible
@@djmuscovy7525 al-kuhul means something like: ''spirt eat body'', I am from Brazil and i don't know how I can translate that...is origem off the term: ''Ghoul'' too
Arabic is not an Indo-European language though. It belongs to Semitic group.
Like Clemenceau a french politician once said " England is nothing else than a former French colony that went bad " But unfortunately you should have learned how to make a good wine like us 😂 Love you my English brothers from France
Think you will find we have learnt how to make pretty good wine now ! 😉
By the way, I live at the exact spot where the Norman's first landed ...Pevensey in Sussex
@@andym9571 oh perfect I should come to test it when there is no more lockdown!
@@jeremymonin8343 leave your sword at home next time !
I am from Brazil and I am learnig this wonderful language!
Remake an expanded version of this video! Too interesting for 5 minutes.
check out Langfocus
This is an incredible video and very factually accurate, but I want to add that one of these languages shifts is called "Grimm's Law." Named after it's discoverer Jacob Grimm, more popularly known as one of the two Grimm Brothers (yes, THOSE Grimm brothers) that gave us stories such as Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White and The Snow Queen (aka Frozen.)* *They did not create these stories, but rather they wrote down a collection of tales from all across Europe that were passed down by word of mouth for thousands of years, and their book is the only reason why we still have them today.
This is such a cool video. I love etymology and language history…
This vedio was sooo helpful for me. Thanks a lot. ❤️❤️
i wish one day i could see a video explaining the sanskrit language and its derivatives
+prajjwal chaulagain Proto Indo European...
It is so awesome how languages are created, how they merge with each other and evolve
Rico Sun Diego agreed
From Airwolf to Bewolf from Bewolf to Airwolf has been my from the completing of my 5th semester of college where I received my first A on the semester in one of my psychology classes. Terrill TC!
Inglish.
Thanks for this. I've had the pleasure here in London of translating between two people who were both speaking English which I could understand but who couldn't understand each other. The first time it happened was with a Pole and someone from a West African country. The most recent time was a few months ago it was between a recently arrived man from Sylhet and a Morrocan who was a bit drunk. Each time it's made us all laugh. It's just one of the great things about living in a very diverse city where most people speak English as a lingua franca.
Short and interesting. Thanks for the video. Notice that quite a number of English words with the /oʊ/ diphthong have an equivalent in German with the /aɪ/ diphthong? English: home - German: Heim English: stone - German: Stein English: ghost - German: Geist English: holy - German: heilig English: token - German: Zeichen English: spoke (noun, the things that hold wheels together) - German: Speiche English: go - norhtern German / Plattdeutsch: geit Going one step further, many have a common ancestor with a long /a:/, such as "daham" (German: daheim = English: at home), which still can be heard in southern German and Austrian dialects today. #Bonus fact: I was wondering why the English word "horse" is "Pferd" in German. My research revealed that "horse" is a hyper correction of "hross" which corresponds with the archaic German word for "Pferd" = Ross.
Who was the first one translated in many of those language...? I wonder how all-time
There is a book called Madrigal's Magic Keys to Spanish which is all based on English and Spanish words that are similar based on that 1066 Norman conquest of England.
Oh my god its amazing 😻🙌 I understand so much 👏❤ I'm so interested to learn this in my department 😍🙌❤❤
This video has covered the whole of my 1st Yr of my UG in Literature in jzt 5 mins🙊🙊
Same 😂
In Junior year if high school, I became my English teacher's favorite student because I could tell him why 1066 is important haha. I love history.
But 1066+710 years is also important in history
1776 is not as important as 1066. 1066 is one of the most important years in history.
kagen lim Not on a global scale really....
Depends on the time period I guess.If it's during the war of 1812,then not so much.But if its during the cold war,it is a very important year
kagen lim Still, 1776 would not have happened if William did not conquer England. 1066 affected everything that happened after it.
A person who keeps their desire to a minimum and reaches maximum rationality is a sage. A sage always thinks about how they can benefit and help others.
Do a segment on the origins of the Basque language.
I like how in the thumbnail English was a part of making English This makes sense
pour quelqu'un comme moi parlant le français en tant que langue native, on voit vraiment énormément de mots français ou d'origines française dans l'anglais quand on commence à un peu l'apprendre, on dit toujours que 1/3 de l'anglais vient du français, je me disais qu'il y avait de l'exagération mais en fait pas du tout
Patrick Smith , hats off to you !!!!
I liked the Sk/Sh sound example, Is there any book that can teach me better to understand how english is formed and to improve my spelling?
Ted Ed: This video is about English and the origin of it Me: This video is about history and the origin of it
im just wondering how languages change over time like creating something new requires a new word but how one word for one specific things changes but the object stays the same
I imagine it had a lot to do with people migrating and trying to communicate with foreigners, where they had to form some means to communication. Humans developed a lot because of tool making, agriculture, language, trade, and eventually record keeping that formed alphabets. Throughout history we can see that people would integrate and influence foreign cultures and languages, such as how a lot of Spanish contains Arabic words or how religions or Rome, Mongolia, and Greece's expansion influenced languages. Writing and literature also develops language too, such as how Geoffrey Chaucer and Shakespeare changed English which eventually helped evolve into modern English.
Evolution. It's how rugby became American football, how the blues became rock music, and how fish became amphibians. Tiny changes over massive amounts of time.
Walter Cronkite became so famous some foreign country used word Cronkite to mean a news anchor man.
The answer to this is multifaceted. Read The Unfolding of Language by Guy Deutscher, it is a very content rich book and will definitely answer your question :)
People get lazy, they leave letters or words away, so the language is easier to speek, but also not as exact.
That is the best sentence ending I’ve heard
This was a an Amazing video
I have noticed that some of the "nge" had changed pronounciation to "ch" For example Cringe = Crinch Binge = Binch Orange = Oranch And many more.
Not for everyone
Not really maybe some accents? Change is pronounced like chæ_n-j not chanch
Who knows, maybe your grandchildren will talk that way and wonder, why you are spelling it wierd. So is language, it changes.
Many Hindi and Sanskrit words were borrowed by English Champo - Shampoo Loot- Loot Gyamiti- Geometry Trikonmiti - trigonometry Bhratra- Brother Matra- Mother Avatar- Avatar Dakait- Dacoit Jungle- Jungle Karm- Karma
Are you sure about geometry and trigonometry? An easy google search can disprove that. "Geometry" = Geo comes from the greek "geo" or "gaia" (earth) and metry/meter comes from the greek métron(measure). "Trigonometry" From greek also. Tri (three) + gonía (angle) + métron (measure) You are right about the rest though
I missed Inguevonic. That's the coastal dialects of Western Germanic. So: English, Danish, Frysian, Norse, Frankish, Saxon and Swedish. And perhaps one or two who escaped my attention. The similarities between these were so great that up to the tenth century or so speaker from different areas (e.g. Danes and Franks) could say "hey, he talks funny but I'm able to understand him". Okay, perhaps it was not the tenth century but the seventh. Exemplary of this is the discusion about the oldest written Dutch sentence (haban alla vogala nestas). It was found as a doodle in the margin of a formal document. Written by a Flemish so Southern Dutch monk. But he wrote it in Kent. And saxon Kentish around that time had enough similarities with Old Dutch, which developed out of Lower East Frankish, that the debate arose wether it was perhaps after all a Kentish sentence!
wow that is so true well if she writes a book about it it would be amazing !