Caesar Crosses the Rubicon (52 to 49 B.C.E.)
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Sources:
"Commentaries on the Gallic War," by Julius Caesar: amzn.to/2CkVNPh
"Commentaries on the Civil War," by Julius Caesar: amzn.to/2CykYkJ
"Letters to Atticus," by Cicero: amzn.to/2ClNyTh
“Parallel Lives: The Life of Caesar,” by Plutarch: amzn.to/2CkHf2d
“Parallel Lives: The Life of Pompey,” by Plutarch: amzn.to/2CkHf2d
“Parallel Lives: The Life of Cicero,” by Plutarch: amzn.to/2CkHf2d
"The Lives of the Twelve Caesars," by Suetonius: amzn.to/2CiUwYZ
"Roman History," by Cassius Dio: amzn.to/2qj8rNi
"Caesar: Life of a Colossus," by Adrian Goldsworthy: amzn.to/2CikyvA
"Julius Caesar," by Philip Freeman: amzn.to/2Ajaoca
"Rubicon," by Tom Holland: amzn.to/2Ci7g2b
"Cicero," by Anthony Everitt: amzn.to/2CkIJtc
"Antony and Cleopatra," by Adrian Goldsworthy: amzn.to/2qlz2sW
Music:
"CGI Snake," by Chris Zabriskie
"Candlepower," by Chris Zabriskie
"Boat Floating," by Puddle of Infinity
"Hallon," by Christian Bjoerklund
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Got my beer, got my early Patreon access to a new 26 minute Historia Civilis video. Life is good. :-)
Krommer1000 I've been waiting over a year for this. I got my first day of school but you made it a whole lot better
Krommer1000 great comment🍻
Got my weed, i'm poor yet pretty goddamn stoked to see a new 26 minute Historia Civilis video. Life is okay. :-)
Shortcut great comment, relax and enjoy🍻
Couldn't have said it better!
I came, I vetoed, and I left. - Plebeian Tribune
HAHAHAH
Veni, vidi, vetui.
I came, I saw, I vetoed.
Vidi, vici, veni. ;)
Lord Variks In other words, Veni , Veto, Vamoose!
"...Cato, that idiot!" *zooms into a dark blue square*
Never have I been so angry at a square.
I died 🤣😅
@Joey's steamy taint Cries for mercy True... Caesar had always been ambitious and his goal was to become a sole ruler. This is seen by his refusal to step down as dictator, even when the civil war was over... he had no plans of giving up his dictatorship
@@callido592 He wouldn't have gotten dictatorial powers with only one legion. They wanted to make an example of him while Pompey did the same things, if not worse. Caesar was right, they cornered him and he still won.
@@LuizAlexPhoenix how would you know if Caesar would have layed down power. Hitler also said he would stop after Czechia
"It seemed Caesar would dominate Roman politics for the rest of his life." Well, you're not wrong.
lol
Ah short as it was :D
Actually you are - Marcus Brutus 🤣
No, but actually yes?
He dominated politics long after. Every emperor adopted his name and that of his own adopted heir. He wanted to be as influential as Alexander and its kinda hard to pretend that he wasn't. What little remained of the Republic died with Caesar because by then everyone alive had only ever known a broken system that was easy to exploit and abuse. That might have changed by working with Caesar instead. Give him the state for as long as he wants on the sole condition that upon his death, the state is remitted to the sitting consuls. Obviously thats hindsight but often the hardest problems are solved with counterintuitive solutions. I truly believe him and Cicero could have given Rome a chance to survive into the Industrial Age as a still functioning state and respected culture.
"it seemed he would dominate Roman politics for the rest of his life" The man dominated Roman politics for the rest of Roman history.
Technical truth
he dominated history at least until the 20th century. Tsars of Russia, Kaiser of Germany, the Habsburg and Ottoman Emperors all titled themselves "Caesar." Even the British King was called Kaysar- e- hind, which means "Caesar of India"
And all the men who would've wished to emulate Alexander, emulating Caesar instead, among their number a young Napoleon. Though his influence has diluted to the point that he is now a brand of dogfood (thanks Eddie Izzard), his progeny in spirit is and will be as numerous as Genghis Khan's influence in flesh and blood.
@@banananotebook3331 And Caesar's influence is now relegated to a brand of cheap pizza
Man's so influential, many languages have his name (or a variation of it) as a word for "emperor"
"Caesar crosses the Rubicon, 52 to 49 BC". Damn that's one big river...
Yo wut yup, big enough he spend three days thinking should he cross or not, metaphorically it is big as fuck
Maybe it was a lake
Saguntum-Iberian-Greek Konstantinopoli if you need three years to cross a body of water it might be a fucking ocean at that point
@@oxanavoracek9494 yep. Might aswell just take a flight over than swim through.
He crossed it the long way.
I've never felt so disappointed in a blue square
Lol
Γιώργος Κοκκινάκης yep. This eventually in a way caused Caesar's death.
@@uri_9158. I wish I could just go their and just kill Cato before he could speak
@@uri_9158. And the Republic and a lot of Romans
The more I learn about Cicero, the more I respect him
I don't know why I don't like him... Everytime he meddles he doesn't accomplish anything. He played both sides here and still didn't make the situation better.
He always played too safe. He would play arbitrator, but always leaned conservative, even though the winds of change were clear. Had he sided with the young politicians who were fed up of the loss of land by poorer romans to the wealthy ones and the influx of slaves, he may have convinced the conservatives to give cessations. He was perhaps the only person who could have stopped Cato from again and again thickheadedly supporting the unsustainable attitude of the conversatives towards reform, and yet I don't know if he did.
@@ronithazarika2042 Maybe we're being unfair cos we know how it ends up. But it seems really clear that Caesar was SUPER popular and a person as smart as Cicero should understand the reasons why. Either the whole poor peoples losing their land just flew over his head, or he didn't care because he had lots to lose if any change was to happen.
@@marcorc5167 well compared to Pompei or Cato he was far more rational in this situation. Additionally he achieved far more against Mark Antony than Caesar's assassin's, who had absolutely no plan or idea on what to do after. Cicero isn't perfect, but in a sea of idiot politicians he's far more interesting.
@@frenchguitarguy1091 He was still partly responsible for the death of the Republic. He was too enamored by his own conservative biases to take decisive action, the only time he did it was as an agent of the status quo and it haunted him. Had he taken Caesar's side, funnily enough, he would have had far more success at stopping Caesar through words than they ever hoped at arms.
There's a slight error in this video. At the end, Caesar didn't wait all night for his legion to arrive. He just had to check with Tribune Aquila first that it was OK to cross the rubicon.
gold!
This whole Tribune Aquila thing shows how fragile Caesar's ego really is.
@@BuddyCakes It’s actually strange because other things happened in Caesar’s life that show he didn’t have a fragile ego. Aquila just got under his skin for some reason.
@@BuddyCakes Or just how much he enjoyed messing with his political enemies (e.g. Cato, Biblius)
I WAS LOOKING FOR THIS COMMENT
Man, Cato was such a square.
I like what you did there
Badum tssss
I was never that dissapointed with a square-people-person in my whole life.
The Senate needed more Ciceros. Caeser is honestly a badass though, he was getting to powerful and in some ways illegally(Other Senators were NOT exempt to that, & they knew it) and largely cunningly legal. This as I can only imagine infuriated the senate to no measure. Had Caeser not been killed he would have been the most acomplished polotitian in Republic history, & most liked Dictator.
NGXII Is that racist towards Square people?
“Cato, that idiot...” *zooms in on blue square* I love it idk why
That one dude killed the republic, impressive.
Karikaim it’s true that Cato was a big fool in that moment, but looking at even just this episode there are countless other moments when the civil war could’ve been averted (or just delayed). You can’t blame Cato, who was always trying to preserve the republic, over power hungry men like Pompey or Caesar even though Cato was an idiot at this time.
@@leonardodavid2842 You didn't mention Marius and populares. That's why Cato hated Caesar b/c Caesar's kin to Marius through marriage. Also cato was brutus' uncle and caesar happened to be sleeping with his half sister. There were many things. They were star crossed
@@leonardodavid2842 no from Catalina. During Tully's ordering the death of conspirators. Cato hated Caesars defense of the assailants. He is younger than Caesar so wasn't yet in a position to oppose him like that.
@@leonardodavid2842 everybody in Rome knew Caesar was a rascal, I would think, ever since the way he acted with Sulla. Then when his aunt died, he put up all these posters of Marius. Caesar was always anti-optimates. Someone as conservative as Cato was bound to always hate him.
The first time I learned anything about Caesar was watching Cleopatra (1963) with my grandma as a child. There was a line that always stuck with me that this series reminds me of. Antony says to Caesar “there’s not enough gold in all of Egypt to buy the honor of one Roman senator” and Caesar answers back “there’s more than enough however to buy his vote” and they chuckle.
Of course you can't buy the honour of a roman senator, after all they don't have any.
@@xxchaosxx3076broooo💀
It's interesting to think that "The die is cast" was a quote from a play when today it's remembered only as something Caesar said. I guess the modern equivalent would be quoting a movie.
Dude. Whomever wrote that play has had their line repeated for over 2000 YEARS. They win at writing.
like the whole "et tu, Brute?" - which was Shakespeare wasn't it?
@@DodgyDaveGTX Yes, though some sources say Caesar said „You too, child?“ So Shakespeare drew on that
Caesar spoke Greek like all upper-class Romans of the time, so he said, "Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος", though we remember Shakespeare's version better.
@@mikemondano3624 he knew Greek, Roman's spoke Latin though. Greek Was for reading and in some cases diplomacy, but the Roman's generally spoke Latin, until the west fell at least.
fact pompeys house entirely consisted of 2 plant pots and a beautiful persian rug
Yeah you have to go far outside the empire to get anything besides squares and blocks.
@@Dayvit78 The Persian rug was a dig at Crassus' memory
Rewatching video. Can confirm.
That rug really tied the room together.
@@ThePheonixon an they pissed on it dude.
"...at that moment Rome entered the state of civil var." *video ends* Aaaaargh! A bloody cliffhanger!
that's almost the best part for me, best cliffhanger song *tururu*
Bloody indeed.
Isn't the next part just the battle of Pharsalus?
Funny how he already did some of Caesar battle in the civil war before starting on this series about his life.
Justin no. First is Caesar taking Italian cities and trying to sue for peace and then him taking Hispania. And his legates fighting in Africa. Then what happened in Greece before Pharsallus.
id wear a shirt with a blue square that says "That idiot" on it
Merch ideas
Id buy it
Thats a good idea for merch lol
I swear Cicero was the only man other than Caesar with a functioning brain
Yeah the more I learn about him the more respect I have for him. He could have made some better moves, and ultimately failed consistently, but at least he tried to compromise and avoid civil war.
@@nuiadngnsdnge2673True, green square is the best 🟩
History sadly has 2 people in all position of power. Nerds who have a plan to get things done and cowboys who act first think later with skill. Cicero was a nerd smart and wanted the best and caesar was a cowboy. Smart, charismatic and headstrong
don't forget, cicero was the one who wrote the history in the time of caesars successors this is why they are painted in a good light
@@JR-zi9vjcaesar was also Hella smart
How to Caesar: -Bribe the Senate -Bribe the Plebs -Bribe the army -Invade Rome
Have high IQ and EQ
Not bribe, but win the loyalty of the army
He bought their loyalty with empty promises...
Pablo Huertas -- actually, he bought it with a shit ton of land, affordable housing, games, and bread. Also a couple of Cassius's fortunes.
Pablo Huertas Empty promises? The motherfucker shared in their hardships, memorised some of their names, refereed to them as his comrades and not his soldiers, avoided punishing minor offences, led them as a competent general and gave them vast swaths of lands, pensions and booty.
never before have a bunch of squares been so compelling to watch.
No kidding, it's like CSPAN in that way.
The history of minecraft.
Minecraft bc
@@fuzzydunlop7928 People actually watch CSPAN?
Everything on your computer is a square
"You claim to care about the law, yet you illegally appointed Pompey as sole consul when the Republic requires a co-consul. How curious." - Turning Point S.P.Q.R.
Conservatives, fucking over the poor and ruining society since 300 BC
@@cc-dtv huh?
@@cc-dtv Ok liberal
@@cc-dtv Are you sure you wamna start talking about fucking over the poor when Progressives throughout history had their fair share?
@@stephenjenkins7971 Dude It’s practically synonymous with the name that progressives make new laws. Throughout history we have converted from a feudalistic hellscape society where poor people were property that came with the land and rich people could kill and rape them without consequence to the modern welfare state today. By definition progressives have historically tended toward bettering the lives of those they govern. A good example is fricking Caesar. Controversial and a massive dick yes, but his laws, though illegal were fundamentally about improving the life’s of the Roman poor
"My governor... is that... legal?" Gaius: "I will MAKE it legal."
Take a shot every time someone vetos
I veto your veto sir! Sounds like the UN
Where nothing gets done because someone is always vetoing a motion.
Bamd The Bamd so this is how democracy dies, with plentiful Sambuca.
Well now I'm ...drunk...
I have liver disease now thanks
The close up on Cato killed me
same
I never thought i would be soo mad at blue square but this video made it happen
23:34
Caesar: Ignores vetoes Conservative faction: "HOW DARE HE!!" Also conservative faction: Ignores veto of bill to declare Caesar enemy of the republic
They’re not the same in both instances just because they both ignore a veto. Ex. The government can’t legally steal from you. But it can legally steal from you to pay off a debt you have to them. A government can sentence you to death for murder, despite them murdering you when they carry out the sentence and not having any fault for it.
It’s only a problem when your enemy does it.
@@deadman8000 some things never change
The stuff about political stalemate and the petty squabbling between factions hits a little close to home as a US citizen.
Hold fast, it's always darkest just before the dawn.
The difference is that the conservatives are the villians while they were the heroes in Rome
@@thomasirizarry4401 "The difference is that the conservatives are the villians while they were the heroes in Rome" If you still view the world as heroes vs. villains, you're mentally a child - go watch another Marvel movie.
@@thomasirizarry4401 imagine unironically thinking this
The Martial Lord of Loyalty lol the entire west is extremely liberal by western standards . The idea of a republic is a liberal idea. The idea of equal right it’s extremely liberal. The u.s for a long time was considered libertarian . While a lot of Europe was conservative monarchies . Only recently have all of the west gone extremely left in the form of welfare state and in some cases devolved ie hate speech
Cato: In the name of the Senate and the people of Rome, I have come to arrest you. Caesar: Are you threatening me, Senator? Cato: The Senate will decide your fate. Caesar: I am the senate!
Kinda describes most world leaders today
Roman Republic: I want to stop this Ceaser guy. Ceaser: I am about to end this Republic's whole career!
Cato: Not yet Caesar: It’s treason then (Crosses the Rubicon while spinning )
Lmao Revenge of the Sith references
@@tyrannicfool2503 **cuts down pompey and the pontus guy** **conservative factions closes him in a window**(north africa)
Shame on that Blue square!
DAMNIT CATO!
Cato "blue" it up !
Local square ruins everything
SHAAAAAAME
You probably would have been the first to make concessions and ally yourself with the Caesareans. Ja, Herr Bismarck?
23:50 I've never been so mad at a blue square in my life. Dramatic zoom in*
Never before has someone made a compelling series out of colored squares and a map. Essentially MSpaint.
Wait. . . Bazbattles? (it's scary that I knew both of these channels before they became big)
21:47 "I VETO THE MOTION! TRIBUNE VETOES THE MOTION!"
:-) kzhead.info/sun/mrCjl9Z-mpuAm30/bejne.html
"A Tribune of the plebs, assaulted on the steps of the Senate House, can you imagine a more terrible sacrilege, our beloved Republic is is the hands of madmen..."
Rome was such a good show!
"I can abide the law and surrender my arms to the Senate and watch the Republic fall to tyranny and chaos. Or I can go home with my sword in my hand and run those maniacs to the Tarpeian Rock!"
Braderz1506 "-i demand da floor!" -"give him da floor!"
I can’t remember the last time I was so angry at a blue square. Damn you Cato!
*Thank you Cato
And cato's family still doing shitty things for several years
Cicero is underrated as hell. A wise man like him could see the future where others couldn’t
New men got my respect
I disagree, he couldn't handle things well, his head wasn't quite well attached to his shoulders there at the end. He let power go to his head and it all got out of his hands. Still, gotta hand it to him, he wrote and spoke really well. You could say that he belonged in visible places like the Rostra in the Forum, he really nailed it on there. 😂
He's overrated actually
@@austinford1530 What the hell? The first homo novus to become Consul (aside from the really early days of the republic), the only pater patriare without military command, the guy who outsmarted Cesar on 3 different occasions (and was treated by Cesar as equal even in colossal defeat thanks to the idiots around him), the guy responsible for half the anglizised latin words still in use today, the "Father" that was betrayed by Octavius/Octavian/Cesar2/Augustus, the guy who as homo novus got all the aristocratic votes for his first consulate? He made 2 major mistakes (1 being a one-off, the other a pattern): 1 was to let the traitors be executed, the other was to be to indecisive and not opportunistic enough on some occasions
It's crazy how close the civil war and by extension the empire came to never happening. Cato's relatively small decision would go on to shape Rome and all of humanity after it.
Even if Cato had good intentions, his vindictiveness and petty mindedness lead to an outcome he desired the leeadt
He really doomed a centuries long republic. I mean, you got Caesar offering to give up control of 90% (45k) legionaries and 2 provinces and continue the deal that was originally made. And you say no?? Wild
Augustan style governance are inevitable for Rome sooner or later
I've only seen popular culture versions of this and had no idea how complicated that situation actually was. Also "Cato, you IDIOT!"
caesar did nothing wrong
why do you think cicero told him that?
I too have watched HBOs Rome.
honestly, if you want to be fair, there ARE popcultural versions that go into pretty much this detail. Masters of rome covers from gaius marius through caesar pretty well.
I've only seen movies and tv. I cant read.
Who would win: -A powerful and ancient government -One unresigning boi
Christian Maisto s
It seemed not anymore powerful at that point as you can see in the video
Powerful? At that point, no
"How could this happen?" Well, Sulla scared everybody bad enough that they actually managed to remember for a whole generation, maybe longer. This sort of thing with one guy dominating Rome and then making a bunch of laws to try and make it as difficult as possible for anybody to do the same thing after him while also being kind of a maniac (but also a savant) happened fairly often in the Roman Republic. As an ancient custom, it actually worked quite well despite being horribly traumatic for the people of Rome. The thing is, if I remember correctly, Sulla was the first tyrant in quite a while and he was also genuinely one of the worst the Roman Republic ever saw, that combination was enough to really ingrain fear of tyrants into Caesar's generation (and, again, maybe a little bit beyond) so yeah most of the Senate could easily see a sort of tyrant in Caesar, freaked out, and collectively made the whole thing much worse than it could've been. Edit: If the Senate had let Caesar extend his command and basically just keep switching between consul and proconsul, he would've just had the power equivalent to a senate majority leader in America in the sense that he'd have a lot of power as long as (technically) most people supported him, possibly for the rest of his life, but still not nearly as much control as he had later. He ended up becoming a tyrant which is on a whole other level just because the Senate got really paranoid and whiney about its own heritage. Caesar may not have been the best person out there, but he was undeniably a genius, and as far as the ancient world goes he wasn't all that mean, even with the genocide(s), at least based on what he wrote and what we know about him. The Senate chose to treat him like the next Sulla when that really didn't have to be the case, Caesar absolutely resented Sulla and generally respected at least what the Senate stood for before it turned on him.
Caesar choosing clemency instead of becoming another Sulla is what ended up getting him killed.
This was a great comment thank you for making it man.
The big difference between Sulla and Caesar, and the reaction that the senate had to them was based on their ideologies. Sulla was a ruling class conservative through and through, and actually had wide support from most of the senatorial elite at the time. In the time leading up to Sulla, wealth inequality was at an all time high, and in opposition to this inequality a popular progressive movement called the Gracchi were pushing for grain allotments and major land reform (redistribution). The Senate (who benefited heavily from the current policies) in reaction to this popular movement, GAVE Sulla tyrannical powers in order to keep the status quo and enact harsher policies that continued to benefit their class. The proscriptions that Sulla enacted targeted, and murdered families that were sympathetic to the Gracchi cause. Caesar was part of one such progressive family affected.
In short, conservatives cared not about the Republic (which already was a mess Cesar found easy to work into his gain) but for themselves, their position and their fears and delusions.
Cross the rubicon Don.
He's not the savior you think he is. He's weak
It blows my mind how well we know about events that happened more than 2000 years ago
We know about events that happened 6000 years ago.
♞ Go Fuck Yourself ♞ love the name mate
just goes to show how advanced rome was
It blows my mind that we dont know anything older than 10 000 years and humans are 300 000 years on earth. And earth ishow many milions of years old...
@@simoncelo7685 4500 million years old, or 4.5 billion
why do literal cubes have more personality than anything on history tv
To be fair, a rock has more personality than anything on History TV.
@@andrehaugvaldstad lmaoo
Cross the Rubicon, Don
I like to think that Caesar spent the night on the bank of the Rubicon thinking about what to say, like "It's gotta be something profound and impactful," but still hadn't decided by the time of the crossing so just went "fuck it" and quoted a play which accidentally became one of the most enduring quotes of all time lmao
It would be like quoting game of thrones and it suddenly became a famous historical quote. 😅
"This will absolutely start a civil war. I've won a lot of wars. You know what? War... War never changes."-Julius Caesar
That ending. What a badass.
When he got assassinated some accounts say he covered himself up in his toga as he was stabbed. Even in dying...
CheeseWithMold goosebumps hard
@@imperatorjojo5276 Only the second stab was fatal, weirdly enough.
Just love the rich and well thought out narrative. Never fails to amaze me.
You got some winners too buddy!
@Darrius King nah this is definitely a tv show.
"Well thought out narrative"? Its not fiction lol
@@felixhampe6480 Yeah bruh does this guy think this is fiction?
@@GAMER123GAMING narrative doesn’t mean fiction, you guys are both dumb. And check out that guys channel, he obviously knows his history
20:20 Cicero is right here. Had they not pushed him so hard just for the sake of wanting to punish him personally, Caesar would have continued to play politics, serve another term as consul and probably dominated the system but he probably would not have set in motion the end of the republic. They made it an existential matter for Caesar and he responded in kind. Then again we've seen other matters in history where appeasement backfired. All one can do is take things on a case by case manner, but up till now Caesar was still working somewhat within the lines.
Pompey was consul without a colleague, governing Spain. While sitting outside rome... who was really upsetting the system??
Very true but it’s easier to say with hindsight
I think appeasement is the preferable strategy when the enemy you are trying to deal with is too strong to run over. Caesar was well past too strong when the senate came for him, but if, say, he hadn't fully conquered Gaul in like 8 years and so had 70,000 insanely loyal soldiers, endless money, and a nearly limitless supply of allies its likely their aggressive approach would have worked much better. It's a pretty insane gambit by Caesar, but like all of his insane gambits it worked almost flawlessly.
@jswiggy934 Ceaser was insane you said it yourself that's means the liberators were right to stop him and his mad dream of dictatorship.
“I assure you, that’s no threat. Snows always melt.”
Imagine being Caesar. You've spent the past few years of your life barely avoiding prosecution and banishment while desperately trying to outrun the clock. You run out of the time at the last possible second. You take a legion, and camp next to the single largest decision of your life. Imagine sleeping by the Rubicon that night. You have no 'saves' like in a game, you have no redo's, you have no backups, and its all on you as your backs against the imaginary barrier. Imagine having the will to take up arms against Rome, your home, and marching across tbe river and not turning back. You are forced to forever change the history of Rome, kill the republic, birth the empire, and set the World down a very different path if not for that one moment. Truly, Caesar was a Chad.
beating bunch of incels with his school friends (13th legion) wasn't a hard task
Peach because being a virgin isn't cool. Hence the opposite of that IS cool. Caesar was a bold man. He also was the supreme pimp nizzle at the roman playa's ball 4 shizzle
Richard Richardson It's all in good fun. TRP is a little too uh, pitiful for me to associate with.
Peach if your charming that generally means your good with ladies and that generally means your not a virgin. Being a prude is not cool, being a Chad for a man is cool . Get over it. Your def a virgin but if your a girl that's fine .
Mike Millz do you even read what you type
I know the history and yet, there is such suspense.
RoniiNN A. Even though its verry old
Caesar wins! Then dies.
Rubicon Don
17:00 to be fair Pompey had just showed earlier he couldn’t be trusted when he tried to trick Caesar into giving 20% of his army I wouldn’t have trusted him to actually step down after Caesar either
But 2 legions were Pompey's so it's not really a trick. Caesar stole 2 legions.
@@KOSJ153 Hardly stole. You can't give a man command of 2 entire legions and then be upset because they like him more than you.
@@kake1604 It isn't up to the legions to determine who their general is, they are to obey orders and Pompey raised them. Imagine the US military deploying 2 companies to, say, India and then after a time telling them to come back and they don't.
@@KOSJ153 Comparing Roman legions and US military personnel is so incredibly wrong and the fact you even tried is kind of astounding. Modern armies are fundamentally different from ancient roman soldiers. When Pompey loaned Caesar two legions, he ostensibly gave up command over those men, and he knew it. Caesar was their general and imperator for years. By then Pompey had no say or command of those legions, they were Caesar's. Also, you should really look more into roman history if you think the roman legions didn't decide who they followed. There are dozens of civil wars started because a legion decided to follow one man instead of another.
@@kake1604 I am aware that is how things were in the past, but that is still Caesar stealing Pompey's legions. Also, to say Pompey knew loaning (look up the word) his legions to Caesar would mean he would never see them again is ridiculous and immediately refuted by the fact he recalled them, was refused and he was enraged. How you can even say he would willingly give up two legions he paid for like that is foolish.
Can you just imagine how powerful and terrifying it is to cross that river under those circumstances?
Kinda yes. Having taken part in the invasion of a country, I remember thinking about how my actions would impact so many.
@Ved Singh without doubt. I could only imagine how terrifying it would be to see 70-80k well trained legionaries coming over the horizon. Not to mention, knowing the consequences of losing or being captured.
It'd have been insane
No I can't Let the die be cast
@@turbovirgin_ your username checks out
You know its gonna be a good day when Historia Civilis pops into your sub box.
oh yes it is a good day when that happens
Here on January 6th 2021 for reasons
Yeah, ima stay in this thread, just in case....
And nothing happened lol. Just retards who had no idea what to do inside the senate lol.
CROSS THE RUBICON, DON!
Cato... you damned fool.
cato! you only had one job, ONE JOB!!!!!!!
Well ... He is conservative for a reason ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
If I remember correctly Cato was more than just a conservative. He was a stoic and also believed that the republic was devine. To him breaking the law was a sacrilege. So basically he cared more about the law being followed to the letter than about avoiding civil war.
Taken from the wiki "he is remembered for his stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, his moral integrity, and his famous distaste for the ubiquitous corruption of the period.)" He is a good ally in time of need but a annoyance at when you need flexibility and compromise which was display here. Cato wanted to bring Caesar to justice but because of that, he fail to see the bigger picture and thus, contribute a hand in plunging Rome into a civil war. Granted Caesar might trigger one if he keep playing shamelessly like that but what Cato did right here inevitably spark the civil war itself.
You forgot that ceasar would still have crime immunity if they accepted. Ceasar used his army because he didnt have any other solution.
23:51 "...and then Cato, that idiot, BLUE it up"
Comedy Switch ON
what are you 12
@@jamesfinlinson5545 youre just mad bc you cant make such comedy gold
ohhhh now I get it
ITS HAPPENING!!!
Is anyone watching this in 2021 feeling like history is repeating itself?
I hope so
23:47 *blue* it up
*dramatically pounds the sand* Gods damn you! Damn you to Tartarus, Cato!
What a square.
You're gonna be a great dad with a lame joke, historia civilis guy
I VETO THE MOTION!!! TRIBUNE VETOES THE MOTION!!!
why is this comment underrated?!
Give him the floor!
*Old senators running into each other grunting, starting a brawl!*
ROME was the best show before GOT
I DEMANDDDD THE FLOORRRRR
My 6.5yo daughter has been absolutely mesmerized by your videos. She loves the Caesar ones. Thank you for your meticulous research, beautiful language, and hard work to produce such high quality videos to educate, entertain, and enlighten both the old and the young!
It's interesting how so many great tragedies had a last ditch effort to avoid disaster and for some reason, fell apart. WWI is another great example. Makes you wonder about the Cuban Missile Crisis and how different the world could have been....
...if Vasily Arkhipov had been aboard a different sub.🫢
@@Wolfeson28 when I wrote that comment, I didn't know about that. Now I do...
VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO 5 years later VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO VETO
"Um, I think your term expired a while back. I'm going to have to ask you to step down" ".... VETO!"
Shockingly it's not the first time Veto was used like that. Why couldn't you Veto a Veto?
Karlis Stomers WELL I VETO YOUR VETO TO VETO THAT VETO WHICH WOULD VETO MY VETO WHICH WOUL---- (10 years later) ------ WHICH WOULD VETO YOUR VETO!!!!!!!
I am absolutely addicted to your channel. Your presentation is so entertaining yet it doesn't cross into irritating territory like many similar channels. I can watch in peace without being assaulted by loud music and graphics. You let the history entertain on its own merits. Humor is here but it arises, once again, from the history itself. I can't praise this channel enough. It's what edutainment should be. I'm not being hyperbolic when I say there are some masrepeices here. Thank you so much for putting in the time to make quality content. This channel means so much to me, its my happy place.
Also, there is no crappy epic music at the background
@@cjnotned1639 But the outro music is what we all live for
@@robert3859 I'm glad I'm not the only one! I wish it was longer...
This channel got me through my Rome class at uni. It really engaged me and made me want to read the works of Caesar, Cicero ect. The second Philippic was epic haha, I try to imagine the look on Marc Antony's face, priceless.
We all know why you searched this particular video out
👀
No, it was in my recommendations
Cross the Rubicon, Don. 🇺🇸
Can't wait for the civil war video ugh
AdrenalineJunkieXL if you mean the battle of pharsalus, it's already on his channel
AndrenalineJunkieXL, the civil war was far longer than Pharsallus. Expect many videos taking place before and after Pharsallus.
I mean like fully explain the politics behind what happens in things like the show Rome. Common people that dont read books about rome will see that show and not get the full picture. The battle is not just what happened. Tell people what Caesar did when he entered Rome. When he was just chilling there pretending to be just a normal senator. What happened after the battle? I know he did a video on the battle, but that was a brief skim over of alot of infighting, politics, and turmoil. People were leaving mad graffiti some against Caesar some for him. The people of Rome were not used to a senator bringing legions into Rome and instilling what they would have seen as a type of Marshall law. I'm sorry for not being extremely specific in my first post. :)
That kind of video can segway greatly onto a rise of augustus video
I can't wait for how he depicts Caesar's assassination
I'm ecstatic, any of your video releases gives me a rush of adrenaline
So here we are again.
Cross the Rubicon Don
@Milo The Orange kek
How did that work out huh
was pompey literally an orange square? rome was wild
Jesus was an idiot, French or not
Not exactly square, the creator does a bad job. They were more akin to 8 foot rectangles than a square.
Well, from a top view they would appear as squares.
It’s interesting to wonder that if the senate had simply allowed him to become a consul for a second time, there is a chance that with his goal acquired and his new Gaul allies happy, Caesar might not have ever become a military dictator and the republic may not have fallen
I doubt it wouldn't have fallen at some point. Eventually some other prominent general was going to rise and take command themselves. It might even have been Pompey. Sulla's dictatorship and the Marian Reforms had laid the groundwork for a skilled and ambitious enough general to take command of Rome, it was only a matter of time before it happened.
Or perhaps becoming Consul again would've given him the vehicle ignore the laws again and become dictator. People like Caesar are always inventing new crises to give themselves more power.
The Senate and Patrician class of Rome was so out of touch and ineffective at dealing with Rome's social/economic issues that it was inevitable that a Kingship or something like it would be the eventuality. Wealth was concentrated in too few hands, too many foreign wars of expansion, too many slaves being brought in that were eliminating the jobs of middle class Roman citizens. Disenfranchised Plebeians in the tribal assemblies and too many Roman citizens with essentially no Patrons for legal/financial protection. The "glue" that held the Republic together for centuries was deteriorating and the Senatorial class was still being nostalgic about their "sacred and lawful republic". In truth, I think traditional republican government was long obsolete at this point.
@Music:Zerg Don't forget about mass automation and AI replacing workers and destroying wages!
@Robert Nørgaard While I agree with that, I'd like to emphasize that not everyone can be Caesar. They'd need to have military *and* political prowess to do what he did. People like that don't come around too often, as history can attest.
I wonder if he asked tribune Aquila to cross the Rubicon
Prigozhin has crossed the rubicon
Beat me to it !
Now that I'm back from grocery shopping, let's see what's online... *HISTORIA CIVILIS RELEASED NEW VIDEO NOTIFICATION* What a great timing for me!
Croatsky yes!
Just don't leave the groceries out to melt before watching right lol...
Best historical channel on KZhead!
Extra History is great too.
Its even in the name!
I like feature history too
How is this channel not legit? Elaborate please
@@anthonyfrank2619 not anymore, they don't even try to hide their bias and how much they hate their audience anymore. maybe it was better back when Dan was narrating, but those days are long gone
This is the Best History Channel on KZhead. I have never heard or seen history presented so charmingly simple and yet so perfect. Thank you, Historia Civilis.
Historia Civillis, you bring these accounts to life with your visual animation, honestly you give these figures a character that we simply wouldn't get from just a history book. I would never have been so drawn to Cicero or his conviction and strong desire for stability were it not for you. He is truly ones of the greatest statesment to ever live. A man of conviction and intergrety. He did not deserve his fate...
Rome in 50 BC Caesarian's: "I vote that Caesar is kool!" Pompeian's: "V E T O !!!" Caesarian's: "How dare you! I veto your veto!" Pompeian's: "Why you! >:C I veto your veto what you vetoed!" Caesarian's: "Don't you dare! I veto your veto about the veto you vetoed!" Pompeian's: "That's it! I veto the veto about the veto what vetoed the veto!" Caesarian's: "Damn you! I veto your veto what vetoed the veto about the vetoes veto!" Cicero: Can't we all get along and get things done? Everyone else: V E T O !!!!! >:C
If Historia Civilis paid someone to make this into an animated skit and then uploaded it I would watch that video 100 times over.
Pompeians: I vote that Caesar sucks Caesarians: REEEEEEEEE VETO!!!!!
I'm imagining that like an Ace attorney trial but with the lawyers screaming "Veto!" instead of Objection
Why I imagine this as a Monty python sketch?
I really feel like the entire crisis was caused by giving way to many people veto power. If only 1 or 2 people controlled veto and/or could be overruled, then this probably wouldn't have happened.
the doctor just told me I have 27 minutes to live... I've made the right choice
sef337 you still have a million Gaul and enslaved as many more he then went on to defeat the Germans and then invaded Britain
sef337 Um, excuse me, sir, but you're going to suffer 42 seconds of boredom once the video ends.
sef337 only if you have ad blocker
He wrote the comment in 42 seconds
Awesome Gamer Simon true he did invade Britain unsuccessfully at first then, during the 2nd invasion he captured most of southern England but left with all his men due to Gaul being in disorder which only left Britain to it's own devices
7:54 I just love the idea of dignified Roman senators scrawling wildly across an important bill in multicolored marker
Poor Cicero
David Mapping I thought that! Cicero just had the good of Rome at heart, truly at this time! Yet he was I imagine shouted down, as is said, by both times!
i guess he kept getting *kickero'd out*
Thats... *Not a pun.*
I veto ur representation of Cicero
O tempora o mores!
Cicero is obviously the best one here
He's the definition of Radical Centrism.
We could need more Ciceros in today's politics too.
Radical centrism? is that even a thing? XD
I would not call Cicero anything other than a "Radical Compromiser" like Neville Chamberlain.
A radical compromiser? Do you have any idea what he did to keep Rome at peace? Look up the Catelline Conspiracy. He put the conspirators to death without trial, all because he feared that Rome's safety could not be guaranteed any other way. He was exiled for that "crime". If anything, Cicero is best described as someone who would do anything to keep the Republic safe.
Rubicon Don, destroy the false prophet
CROSS THE RUBICON DON!!!
I guess in the Senate there was a Pompeian section and a... CAESAREAN SECTION!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
.... cut it out 😒
Bloody pums about giving birth, it's like they keep popping out.
@@LuizAlexPhoenix Bah-dum, tsh.
shaydee313 nice one
This is actually one of the possible origin of Caesar's family name: that his ancestor was born from a Caesarian section. Julius for his part preferred the explanation that his ancestor killed a bear... (only makes sense in latin).
I get frustrated with a lot of figures you talk about, but noone makes me more irrationally angry than Cato
It usually annoys the Plebs when someone decides to stand on principle, especially when they are so willing to negotiate freedom and virtue away for security and prosperity.
@@KaiTakApproach please guy was the king of filibustering. Not the new kind wherein the 60 votes just wasn’t reach but the old kind of nonsense talking all day without contributing anything just to delay a vote like that Senator who decided it was fun to read the whole bill and waste 10 hours.
@@dani0479 Wait a minute...do you think Julius Caesar was the GOOD guy? Or that Pompey would have been the answer if only it wasn't for Cato and Caesar? Cato was the last voice willing to stand up for the old values of Rome, the ones that made them great. He had flaws and was less than perfect in execution, like any man is, but when everyone else was scattered by the violence and chaos of Clodius or taking bribes from Caesar...after Marius and Sulla had brought the system to the brink, Cato put his life on the line time and again trying to sway the Senate and the People back to the simple Citizen, Soldier, Farmer ethic that built the Republic. You are cheering for the death of the Republic and hailing the birth of the Empire.
@@KaiTakApproach if Cato stood on principle why did he side with Pompey also known as sulla’s lieutenant, maybe this man wasn’t any better then most of the other power hungry guys in the senate so it seems us “plebs” are on to something for not liking him, oh and btw Cato negotiated away freedom and virtue when he voted to pass the final act so I don’t know what you are talking about unless I misunderstood
@@tugruloksum5139 Cato is regularly criticized for not supporting Pompey until the 11th hour, and for obstructing him even then, so I don't know how I can answer your question seeing as how it is phrased in double jeopardy. Cato hated Pompey and, in fact, Pompey is the one who moved toward Cato and not the opposite. Cato rejected overture after overture from Pompey exactly because he knew he was part of the problem. Once Caesar became a bigger, direct threat to the Republic, Cato let up on Pompey. If that isn't enough; to answer the question why? Probably because of the reign of terror brought about by Clodius, funded by Caesar. Once Clodius began to literally burn the Optimates out of their homes and beat people lined up to vote, being principled took on a whole different meaning and so did the concept of allies. But someone who didn't get their history lessons from YT would have already known all of this, so your question itself doesn't make much sense.
Incredibly well done video. Explains EVERYTHING clearly and precisely.
I love how you go into such exhaustive detail about who said or did what. Some might find it tedious (I assume so; such details are largely omitted from the histories I'm familiar with) but I can't get enough!
Cato wasn't being rationale. If he'd have just accepted those terms, and Ceasar gave up all but one legion, and Cato bid his time for a few months it would have completely changed the power-dynamic. But instead he was fanatical and unconciliatory while his opponent was holding all the aces. What a stupid man he was. It's like bringing a knife to a gun fight, where Cato has the knife and Ceasar saying look i'll put down this gun but i'm not going to give the gun to you, and Cato, holding his knife, in a confrontation he couldn't hope to win, refuses to accept the terms. Instead of waiting for Ceasar to put down the gun and then throwing the knife into his heart.
Pretty much the same problem with Caesars assassin's
@@frenchguitarguy1091 ? how so? not sure i understand your response.
@@maxdecphoenix The assassins could have possibly restored Rome to a Republic once Caesar was dead, if they'd lobbied hard enough and made enough moving speeches, to display to the public that Caesar was just a rogue weed that had been allowed to grow and fester, to such degrees that the only way to take care of it was to literally strike the problem at the root, or Caesar at the heart. And that since Caesar was not the norm, Rome should go back to a Republic after his death, and use Caesar's life as an example that there *Need* to be anti-corruption measures in *Each* of the governmental systems. Instead, they failed to take initiative after Caesar's assassination, and just boarded themselves up into the Senate house. As our dear narrator explained in a later video, the assassins' hunkering down in the Senate house sent an awfully bad message to literally everybody. In retrospect, it probably only furthered Rome's Dictatorial Age.
@Ved Singh Regrettably so. Christ, if Rome had never descended into a despotism, the world would be so much better off. It was the precedent that was set.
@Ved Singh Yeah, that's why it's a bad thing that Rome set the precedent of falling into that sort of state.
Me : W-will you come with me t-to the da-? Crush : VETO !!!
1 year later and i give you this comments first like
Tazer one year later and I gave you your first like
@@hiimryan2388 2 months later, I can see you already got your one like, so I'm leaving the like button alone.
You should definitely make this a podcast! I love listening to this while at the gym.
I have watched this ep like 3 times and idk why but I always get chills at 24:00. Like the last resort of a failing civilization.
hey he's finally talking about the significance of "Caesar marched into Italy!"
Justin Okraski "Caesar marches on Rome", specifically. But yeah, when the vids about Greece started I was worried we wouldn't get to this anymore.
I love these damn videos. I consistently rewatch them. Thank you for your passion and dedication to sharing history. You are a fantastic resource
I'm often amazed at how different specific historical periods were to modern life. And yet, sometimes I am blown away at how relevant and relatable it was.
If I wanted to kill myself, I would climb to Cato’s arrogance and jump to his intelligence
I love that insult.
I am pretty sure Cato knew what he was doing but did not care.
The Republic was either going to die on its feet or die on its knees. Thanks to Cato, it died on its feet.
Cato decided that if he and the kleptocratic state of the Republic he so loved was going down, he was taking tens of thousands of his countrymen with him to their graves
Matilda, its was not certain. And the Republic didnt even die until Augustus. Cato killing himslef later was thefore studpid since if he had outlived Caesar he could have tried to lead the Senate instead of the chaos and weak and foolish Cicero (it was he who thought using Octavian was a great idea).
Your chat bubbles are hilarious! "I'm not going anywhere near that!" ROFL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I would watch a show with boxes and speech bubbles
+NOT BOT Me too!
one of my ancestors was an important square in rome
I can't overstate how happy I am to have found this channel. All I do at work is listen to informative KZhead videos and history is my favorite thing to listen to. I already love my.job to.death but now work bearly feels like work as i can't wait to come in and listen to these videos. Stand up job you got a subscriber!!
"and then Cato, THAT IDIOT, blew it up." That's how you know he really cares about this topic, he has such a strong opinion on Cato!
loool must of been a right laugh to just veto everything
It sure was a right laugh for me
>Tribune of the Plebs walking down the street, sees guy shitting >VETO >Poop retracts
One of the Gracchus brother literally did this when the senate wouldn’t pass his law, so every single law was vetoed, even minor day to day laws until they agreed to his legislation
*must have