The Greatest Speech in History? Alexander the Great and the Opis Mutiny
Alexander the Great is one of the most extraordinary individuals in history. He became king of the fringe Greek kingdom of Macedonia in 336 BC at the age of just 20, and before his death twelve years later, had imposed Macedonian overlordship on Greece, destroyed the mighty Persian Empire and led an army deep into modern Afghanistan and to the Indian frontier.
At Opis he faced a mutiny by his Macedonian troops, angered that he wanted to send some of them home, while appearing to give preference to his new Asian subjects, and adopting many of their customs. Alexander dealt ruthlessly with the ringleaders, before (according to 'The Anabasis' by Roman historian Arrian) making a speech to his army in which he berated his troops for their disloyalty.
The speech, as it has reached us, was no doubt written by Arrian rather than Alexander. His actual words are now impossible to ascertain. But Arrian had access to eyewitness accounts which are now lost (principally Ptolemy and Nearchus), and modern historians generally agree that the speech was a real historical event, and that Arrian gives a good representation of its likely content.
Putting its (contested and debated) value as a historical source to one side, the scene - as it appears in Arrian - is a brilliantly written moment of high drama and emotion, in which Alexander first highlights his debt to his father Philip, before launching into a tirade in which he lists his own astounding achievements and qualities of leadership.
The speech has been abridged and edited by myself for this video.
You can read Arrian's full version in English translation here: en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_An...
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#EpicHistoryTV #AlexandertheGreat
Legends says that when Alexander delivered this speech, it also came with a background music..
R Adz probably true
The heavens parted as the gods themselves played the music for this glorious moment!
Athenian: Do I hear boss music?
Im sure if you were to read the speech word for word on paper, music would play and the skies would part for a mere moment
Part of me feels it would be much more powerful ringing in musicless silence.
After a speech like that, even I felt like I owed Alexander an apology.
Capt'n Jack. Another follow me to the end speech. He had to know that people get tired of war after awhile and would want to enjoy the results of their efforts.
RAJU PEDDADA. He was a smart but flawed human being. His string of victories where great but every one has their limit. They didn't see the reason to continue. He had beaten all their enemies except the human life span.
RAJU PEDDADA dl. Doesn't matter, he died before he could talk them into continuing. That was the end., they could have gone on under his flag but decided not to.
RAJU PEDDADA. Agreed, its history.
Good speech! And yet, the writing on the wall was there. Two major mutinies in a few years span. It's no wonder he didn't live a full year afterwards....... Not all men are meant to be slaves to one man's will, no matter what the goal or how high the ambition.
Alexander- "You know you're all a bunch of ungrateful assholes, right?" Soldiers- "Man's got a point."
I mean in all honesty, to be wearing gold encrusted ANYTHING as a soldier, infront if your king, during the BC era Alexander had a really damn good point lmao
You asking for hell
Perfect translation "You ungrateful plebs! Pfft."
😂😂😂😂
I'm Jesus Christ and you can go to hell for all I care. Promise.
“Under my command, not one man has been killed fleeing the enemy.” That line gave me chills, what a general
fake flex ofc
@@danfromtheburgh I mean yeah I’m sure some units broke and got cut down trying to flee over the course of his campaigns, but his army as a whole was never routed… so in a macro sense it’s not a fake flex 🤷♂️
“History is written by the winners.” - Napoleon u cant really ever trust any his-story if it keeps being rewritten over many many many times. We live in a story land written by folks thousands of years ago. And you think those stories stayed the same, or maybe have been skewed many times over during the centuries.... people have to think for themselves and not trust shyt that may or may not have been true/false thousands of years ago. @@nathanfrancis9411
@@danfromtheburgh The whole point was they were always on the offensive so retreat is not an option. anyone who left the flank or the war was either killed by their allies or by the enemy.
Aka: "everyone who died for me died headlong into battle... isn't that better than dying running away? Look how happy those dead dudes are about it."
Everybody gangsta till Alexander start listing his accomplishments.
Ghengis Khan's and Alexander's d measuring argument would be epic
@@Bee-tj8gc PLEAAAASE ! Any comparison between the two, is an insult to Alexander the Great's Legacy.
See in them days you had to be one of the boys or they wouldn't respect you. A lot of princes even then had that snotty, down the nose, air and posh accent, Best gear but they could and would(had to for respect or at least be a great general) fight. Not like these days. Princes and government sons are pampered.
Haha awesome 😁
@John Samson you're evidence?
Alexander really invented the strategy of “I can’t believe how ungrateful you’re being right now” that’s still used by mothers to this day
Managing a family with help of husband and conquering and then managing all of Greece minor Asia, Egypt and reaching India isnt really the same tho. That's why Alexander actually got respect and mothers didnt O_O
Haha so true. "I'm not angry with you. Just disappointed."
@@MrErik-real your mom birthed and raised you, you best respect if you know whats good. For even the great Alexander would not have achieved all he had without his mothers gift of life.
Of course, the problem is the lack of sense of humor but on a serious note,yes his mother was important since that's how he existed but he is much more important to history and culture in general, as hard and important raising a child or multiple children is, I cant say its close to what Alexander did which almost nobody did except perhaps the mongols hundreds of years later
Especially Greek mothers!! :P ;)
Imagine giving a speech so good It still captivates people 2300+ years later, incredible!
This man died 2000+ years before I was even born, but after hearing this speech, I feel the need to beg his forgiveness myself.
Real
My phone had 6 % in the beginning of this video. Now it has 12 %
Nice
Most underated comment on youtube
It had a huge morale boost from that epic speech
Just wanted to let you know I was having the crappiest day ever until I read your comment. Thank you. I literally lol'd.
I played this on my dog's funeral.. He came back.
The hardest flex in human history
He didn't just flex on his soldiers, he flexed on entire world
Lemme just tell the boys and all of history sumtin real quick boss.
be a king in his 20 is not good enough for him, so he qonquered (almost) the whole world, lol.
Alexander the Great is Biblical. But his horn (reign) was cut short.
Naw dawg. Jesus resurrecting is the hardest flex in human history.
“We’ve celebrated our weddings together!” These men seem to have shared an incredible brotherhood and they were about to squander it.
To be fair the weddings were set up by Alexander between his Macedonians and Persians which the Macedonians were not too happy about
@@mangrovian1109 Interesting. I mean it makes obvious sense out on such a long campaign so far away from home. I really should study the history more sometime.
@@ArkamasRoss Yeah his whole campaign is fascinating, in the case of the weddings he was trying to create a unified future for his empire as the macedonian and persian cultures were so different.
They kinda had a fair point. They had been on campaign for over a decade. But also, Alexander deserved extraordinary commitment. That man was your nation's ticket to being a superpower. KEEP FIGHTING
Love the subtle implication of the line "There isn't one part of my body, the front at least- that doesn't bear a wound." The man never turned away from battle, leaving no chance for the enemy to lay a wound on his back.
There's also the implication that he's never been (successfully) backstabbed by his own men.
if you ever been in a fight it's nearly impossible to avoid fighting back it's instinct to defend yourself. Unless it's a police officer because we are taught to respect those in certified positions of authority. Which if you see all this technology and stuff in Hollywood movies if the world can pull itself together that's the future we all could experience.
He probably has a wound on the back. Aint no way nobody sneaked up on him in the battlefield. But yeah I guess it implies he fought in the battles and never once turned tail unlike most rulers.
A leader that came through the ranks and risked his life
@@josedorsaith5261 He didn't come through the ranks, although I know what you mean.
He died of back injuries. From carrying the weight of his team
Fantastic comment
The unknown illness was actually lumbago.
He died of back injury carrying the weight of his balls
Alexander the Great, the first solo-queue player in history
he was 252-0
In summary: “I’m not upset, just disappointed.”
that you tried!
☠️☠️☠️ pretty much. Imagine after the speech: “THEN GO!” ......😮😮😮........ “Alright king bye, have a great day”
Did you guys know that the Kush Empire (in modern Sudan) lasted 1400 years? That is truly remarkable. They conquered Egypt and I heard they also defeated the Romans (but I did not thoroughly research that specific claim). It is a true shame that we always hear about Greeks, Babylonians, and Ancient Japan when other remarkable cultures like the Kush Empire and Olmecs have legendary stories that need to be told. We need a video game and film about the Kush Empire. The Askum Empire of Northern Ethiopia also deserves to be told. And the Olmec Civilization.
I feel like I owe Alexander an apology even though I wasn’t there lol
@@billclark5055 Can you recommend us some books and documentaries about the Kush. Thanks in advance.
The last real commander was Napoleon, a soldier once proclaimed, “He’s not like the other generals, he’s covered in mud and blood” after Napoleon had taken over a cannon after its operater was shot through the eye. He also visited the severely wounded of his army after the battles and thanked them, removing his own medals to pin them on his men
Napoleon was a Jewish puppet
Nice piece of information bro.
@@yogeshchavan4943 thanks
There is nothing we can do 😔 Or something like that
There's nothing we can do bros
The fact that he did all of this before he even reached his 30’s is truly insane! You just cannot help but wonder how his mind works.. and that speech is strong and compelling- one of the things that tell you he was educated brilliantly by the great philosopher Aristotle.
Dropped the mic so hard it wouldn't be invented for another 2000 years.
Bruh ahhaha
You..... you Sir/Ma'am... made my day....
@@axieuon7919 bro it's obviously a ninja, not a man nor a woman but a NINJA 😂
Prime comedy right here,Alexander would be proud.
2000? Your math or your history is a bit off mate.
"A scar can be seen on every part of my body, though only the front." What a brilliant line, the man's back bears no wounds because he never once turned tail.
funny thing is they glorified how he got his scar. he said himself that he was inpaled in the leg by the great king Darius at Gragamela but in truth Darius fled xd. Love both the Myth and the Historical Alexander.
@Halcon Serrano ayee found one of you homies..
Nor was he whipped such as slaves were
But i see your point
@Halcon Serrano heyet?
I listen to this when I'm feeling down. I pretend that depression is just a foe that I will defeat and when I listen to his speech I gain confidence and morale or sum.
Haha lol us moment
May you conquer them all
Depression is an illusion of your fear conquer it and labor its fruits
here i thought i was the only one
Take care, depression can be cured, I also had severe depression.
The greatest soldier and military leader in the history. Great respect for those who recorded this speech 2,300 years back..
that too in British/English accent lol
it has been written you stupld idi0t
Pretty clear for the time too
Underrated comment :D
😂
The narrator absolutely killed this. The arrogance, the fury, the inspiration.
Sounds like Matt Smith. ( I know its not him )
@@Stuenestoppen2 its patrick Kennedy,, an actor
No kidding. Dude did a marvelous job.
The arrogance? My mans was just spitting facts
@@twoscarabsintheswarm9055 I have to agree with that lol. But what he probably meant was his tone; telling them off like they were ungrateful idiots, which they kinda were.
Can we just appreciate the vigor of the narrator he did a great job
Sounds like shit
@@nottellingnostfu318 you must work for Rotten Tomatoes
@Dennis The Golden God Reynolds lol
@@nottellingnostfu318 we’re all allowed opinions no matter how wrong they are
The orator does not sound like a leader, he neither commands attention nor does he sound confident; His voice is weak, and his cadence lacks emotion as well as punctuality. It sounds like he is reading a piece of paper. Not trying to rally an army. (And ill add that said army was about to either bail or mutiny, so it was a crazy important speech.) [Edited for spelling because I'm drunk right now]
With an army of only 40k, he started his journey to conquer 500 million people around the word, and he did it with pride.
not even 100 million lived at the time
As a Persian who for the most part of my life lamented the invasion of the Macedonians and the defeat of the Achaemenid Empire. Also lament deeply the early demise of Alexander the Great. The beautiful marriage of Greek and Persian culture may have lasted longer. What a travesty the Wars of the Diadochi were. A masterpiece this is. Chilling, emotional, magnanimous. Thank you from the bottom of my heart.
Why would you lament something that happened 2500 years ago? What's wrong with you?
@@hillaryclintondidnothingwrong Why do you have to be so negative? I mean that seriously. What, in your life, is so bad that you feel the need to suck the life and happiness out of other people for no reason whatsoever? Dude found something that hits him in the feels and you have to come along and spit on it? What a miserable human being.
Bless your heart, my brother!
@@hillaryclintondidnothingwrong whats wrong with you? berating people online? It seems you are the one with issues. For those who love their history and embrace it, we lament and love events dating back millennia.
@@sanjnamous just check her nick name; that says everything.
"Imagine a king who fights his own battles" - Achilles Alexander The Great, a king who fights his own battles
So did Caesar (not a King but Ruler). That's what makes them so amazing. They weren't just great generals, they literally would lead the charge themselves. Whether people love them or hate them. They had balls back then and got their hands dirty themselves.
@@godfather4377 Caesar cannot compare to Alexander in this regard. Alexander often led charges from the front of his formation while Caesar hardly ever involved himself in the fighting personally. Caesar would not have been covered in nearly so many scars.
it is said that when caesar visited alexanders grave he lamented on how little he had accomplished by that time compared to alexander (he was 30+ something).
@@nikola8723 bruh mans was flexin even in the after life
King Leonidas exemplifies this narrative no more so than Alexander The Great.
In this speech, he didn't just flex to his men. He flexed to the entire world.
Tbh that’s not the greatest speech ever, not even close actually. Maybe be the greatest ego trip ever but not the greatest speech.
@@faubourglincoln Was Alexander not great like they said he was?
JaguarFootball he was but the speech wasn’t a great one.
Lol ikr
@@faubourglincoln We are all entitled to our opinions.
Alexander the Great's last words before he died must be the thing that every human being in earth should know. “When you bury my body, don't build any momentum and keep my hands outside so that the world knows that the person who won the whole world had nothing in his hand while dying.”
The part of that speech that is most forgotten in history is the part where he says: "By the way, I received a letter from your student loans director, he tells me the bank is wondering what you did with the $339,000 dollars we lent you..."
Am I the only one who watches this once or twice every month for motivational value I don't quite understand?
Your not the only one
Certainly helped me to pep talk myself more than ask someone else to help or advise me. Especially if I know they'll use it against me instead of building me. Self-reliance is what Alexander almost said instead. But you could tell he loved his army.
‘The front at least.” Badass. He never runs.
And the great pirate Whitebeard bore no scars on his back, never once turning in retreat.
Under my command no one died fleeing from the enemy
@@henryattfield8979 good day fellow soldier
I didnt even think of that 900 iq speech play
If he did run, he ran toward the enemy
I just want to leave a story about Alexander under this spectacular video. During the siege of Tyre, when Alexander decided to build a land bridge through the ocean to reach the offshore fortified city, Alexander labored tirelessly alongside his men instead of resting in a tent like any other king would. He gave his men a day off to rest from all the strenuous labor, but continued to work alone. Inspired by such selfless leadership, Alexander’s men abandoned their day of leisure to assist their king in his toils. I’ve never heard of a greater king.
If only current day Kings, generals and political leaders were like that today
Fearosius if only... they all act like their on a reality tv show.
Alexander was a great leader. Another great leader was Cyrus The Great. Look him up, he was... great!
Hardcore Doom thanks for sharing 👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
Jason Todd: I’m with you, man. Cyrus the Great actually inspired Alexander. Alexander loved Eastern culture. He adopted it himself.
As an Iranian or Persian, considering the fact that this man used to be an enemy, I cannot do anything else than respecting him at the moment.
I hope you remembered cyrus the great
Cyrus died in 530 BC, Alexander died in 323 BC, Alexander wasn't even born yet when Cyrus died. What's your point?@@jbarral6509
Well he was an enemy of Darius and the elites. Most Persians liked Alexander. Many freely opened their gates to Alexander. Alexander also loved the people of Persia and was slowly adopting Persian customs. Not only that but he also married Persian wifes, not Greek/Macedonian. So he truly loved the old empire and people of it.
@JamesPeach Darius? Haha I thought Darius was dead long before Alexander was born
The Persians were worthy, honorable and civilized enemies. Today Greeks and Iranians respect each other.
i come back to this speech once in a while.
Me too
Me aswell
"I would of crossed the Hyphasis too, if you hadn't cowered in fear." Damn everyone felt that.
6:06 corroborates what plutarch wrote in 4th century book LIVES that alexander was upset because his army didn't want to cross the river deeper into India because they were shaken after the fierce battle with army of king porus the ruler of a small border kingdom. the armies of nanda empire in central India were 20 times as large as those of king Porus.
Lion the hyphasis river is called Biaas now... it flows some 300 km from my home... it isnt a mighty river. the hydaspes river, called Jhelum river today... is a mighty river and flowed 200 metres from my home when i lived in kashmir.
@@LalitKumar-cu5iu Damn bro, you live in Kashmir? I heard there was some religious conflict up.
@@daltonmiller5590 those things come and go, they're no biggie, it's just that the western media is making profit out of it.
@@KunalKeshav-dq6ty Figures. They do that a lot.
Alexander had that "I'm not mad, just disappointed" kind of energy in his speech.
Giving dad vibes in such an early age - incredible
Fr
alexander quotes : kzhead.info/sun/hbKvZs2mqXihn3k/bejne.html
@@DarthJarJarBinks_ your smelly, haven't taken a shower in days, your older then Alexander was when he conquered Anatolia, and yet you call this man a beta.
@@DarthJarJarBinks_ you sound like someone living on delusions
The words are enough to give me chills, but can we appreciate the narrator of this video? He really made me feel like i was there listening Alexander himself!
"there isn't one part of my body -the front at least- that doesn't bare a wound" Wow, look at the wordplay and the subtle implication that he has never turned his back on a fight. Beautiful words.
Soldiers: we quit. Alexander: Let me give you a rundown of my expansion pack.
*yes*
"While you died in the middle of a game of chess, you've got vodka bars; flavorless. And what I'm about to spit will be the craziest, so go fix me a drink so I can stay refreshed."
@@PiracyandDumbbells Kudo's for me for every war that i fought
I understand that reference
Brought foes to their knees in Phoenicia, breezed through Gaza to Giza, had the Balcans, Persians, Siria, and Pakistan, in my expansion pack.
Alexander’s army: mutinies Alexander: *THE AUDACITY*
Hunter Dougan 🤜🤛
The montrosity...the nerve...how dare ye
@@jeremyuchihasasuke6666 sudo apt install audacity
Of these Bitches ?
So funny
*”A true leader leads by example, not by force.” - Sun Tzu*
The most influential man of all time. No questions asked.
That my good sir belongs to Jesus of Nazareth, not Alexander the Great.
🔥
@@TheBanjoShowOfficial Prophet muhammed is more influential
Julius Caesar holds that honor. He set his armies against the corrupt Roman Senate and their well armed and armored Legionaires, The Empire he set motion ruled Europe for centuries. Alexander's beat up a bunch of Petty Kings and Warlords who thought wicker baskets made for good shields. Whose lands were barren and useless. He was also so Egotistical that he lost tens of thousands of his own men by force marching them through the worst possible route across the desert, and to top it off, he died refusing to name a successor, so that his -so-called empire collapsed instantly,
Christ enters the chat...
instead of yelling at my kids that they need to do their homework, i’m gonna just start listing my accomplishments and the accomplishments of my forefathers
“As is right we should start with my father, your grandfather! He would sneak you a 20 when I wasn’t looking and would give you the run of his house whenever you’d visit! But despite all he did for you, it pales in comparison to what *I* have done for you!”
Fine strategy
Haha
@@mrgaudy1954 "I helped you with your projects... Even though back then you were meant to do it yourself. I convinced your mom to let you get a PlayStation... And got you Call of Duty, Minecraft, God of War, and GTA, and got Red Dead 2 from your cousin! The rest of them he gave you willingly, and his games became yours! All the fun of Zelda and Skyrim, which I didn't have to buy, are yours now! Bioshock, PUBG, Doom Eternal, Borderlands 3, all belong to you! The Stealth of Assassin's Creed, the puzzles of Portal 2! You are now an A+ student, star-player, most popular in school! What have I held back from myself aside from this suit and briefcase? Nothing! No man can point to my riches! Only the games I hold in trust for you! And what would I do with them, anyway? I eat what you eat, I get no more rest than you. Many times I have woken up before you so that you could get up in time for school! Do you really believe you have worked harder at school than I have at work? Come on! If you are tired then tell me why! I'll tell you why I am... There isn't one part of my brain, my mind, at least, that doesn't want to sleep! My brain is overworked from every thing you can think of! Covering shifts, working on projects alone, staying overtime, doing work at home! All for the sake of your life, your food and your games! And yet here I still am, helping you with algebra, elements, history and sex ed! We've been to parent-teacher conferences together! Many of my assets will one day become yours! I got you fast food... Without asking why you were hungry... Even though you're fed well enough and pillage every dessert your mother makes! You wear expensive shoes, that impress your friends and were bought by me! Any test you failed, that you didn't pay attention to, I helped you study! Most tests you now do quickly and easily! Your teachers are impressed, and let you go early! Under my help, not one assignment has gotten an F! And now, I wanted you to get good grades on your homework, to be praised by your teacher! But since you don't want to do it, then don't! Go to school and tell them that your dad, Alexander, payer of food, bills, games and phones! Who bought you Doritos, Sour Patch Kids and Pringles as far as the junk food aisle! Who's bought you Pepsi and Root Beer and Sprite! Even pizza! First to buy it since your mom said it was too unhealthy! I would have gotten you a large pizza too if you hadn't been afraid your mom would get mad! Who drove to your school from the driveway! Who introduced you to your favorite food, which you hadn't tried before! Who made your science fair project... While you played Modern Warfare! When you get to school... You tell them that when you got home, your dog ate your homework, too lazy to come up with a better excuse! Perhaps this excuse will seem justifiable in the eyes of your teacher, and cunning in the eyes of your peers! Begone!"
@@tatogod3573 you sir are a genius!
"There isn't one part of my body, *the front at least,* that doesn't bare a wound" In case you missed it, he literally just told his entire army that he never once turned his back on a battle
Whitebeard was Alexander's fanboy...
excellent use of language. really loved that part.
Yes.
@@nickzero6921 lol
@@nickzero6921 they were Isekied
God I feel like I've wasted so much time. This man literally conquered that much territory in the same amount of time I've been alive.
Man is a product of his time and place. Heroes are the result of ordinary men in unordinary conditions.
Well he is a product of his time, family, and country. But you have one advantage he didnt get. And that is living past your 30s.
@@garybrown2039 But have any of us truly lived? We get up and breathe, eat and shit. Then we lay down to do the same dead-end job that we hate. Can you truly say we have lived beyond our 30s when this is all our "life" amounts to?
He was also a product of perfect conditions, literally every part of his childhood set him up to be as great as he was
Conquering people... Isn't necessarily a good thing. Better to do nothing than to hurt others.
One of my greatest wishes is being able to travel back in time. Not to meddle with anything, but just to witness all of these great moments in human history. Well, even beyond human history. The dinosaurs, the dawn of mankind, ancient Greece, Japan, Rome, Persia, Sweden/ Norway - The way Native Americans lived, the first crossing of the Atlantic. All of it. I yearn for it. It saddens me that I will never be able to see all of these profoundly great things in the history of our world no matter how beautiful or vile.
I think about this exact thing all the time. Just to be an invisible observer and travel throughout history. Would be a greater gift than a trip to heaven
Same
People think about things like they think about alot of things and let them go ,it's probably possible to access the through some sort of lucid dream astral travel state where you can see all that ever was ;)
Just read books man, I know of no better way of looking back in the past than a good and reliable history book
@@kernal2077 "a reliable history book" that's actually hilarious haha good one buddy!
Fun fact : Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle, Aristotle taught Alexander the Great.
And Alexander the great taught us
But who taught socrates? We may never know!
@@codfunnyndstuffs9296 He didn't need to be taught, his greatest wisdom was to acknowledge that he knew nothing.
And Diogenes told him to move because he was blocking the sun. The insult has so many levels I can't count (at least three).
Fun fact: Bill and Ted taught Socrates.
One of the few men in history who truly deserve to be called The Great.
There are many known as "the great", but none compares to Alexander. That's why in Spanish, we call him "Alejandro Magno", that comes from "magnificence", the only one called in this way; "Magno/Magna" a word used only to refer to the greatest things.
The great idiot
@@indispensableidenity6332 smarter and better than you
@@tyy799 Is this the best you can come up with?
Fake Legend what’s funny is that the only thing you said was “the great idiot”.
“There isn’t one part of my body, the front at least that doesn’t bare a wound.” Insinuating your back is chill because you were never running away from a fight, pretty baller line.
"The front, at least" slipped in there with perfect timing made me belly laugh and clap! By the end, I was crying. This. Is. EXCELLENT!
It was just mean to show he never turned his back on anyone
he never backed down from a fight
Don’t forget this man arguably had one of the greatest philosophers as his personal teacher. He wielded his reality like few humans have or can.
Who was his teacher?
Aristotle
having a philosopher as a teacher cant be good
@@alex.k4371 Why?
@@alex.k4371 Read about Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya
*"Imagine a king who fights his own battles. Wouldn't that be a sight?"* Alexander the Great:
Ha! Achilles - played by Brad Pitt ;)
Of All the Warlords loved by the God's.... I hate him the Most.. =)
Genghis Khan: Am I Joke to you? Genghis Khan was more successful than Alexander the great, especially cus he didn't die young. He died after conquering all the land he could.
Well, to be honest, this line in the Troy film is not accurate (among so many other, basically the whole plot) since Agamemnon did indeed fight his own battles, he was often in the first line, and even if not the best, he was still a very decent fighter for his age, fighting and killing notable Trojan princes and their allies. Achilles' grudge against him was for disrespecting him and not recognising his contribution to the Achaean campaign.
@@n3gi_ Genghis was rarely at the front of battle, his conquest has merit but honestly unlike Alexander who created dynasties that lasted for thousands of years, Genghis' legacy was the black plague almost erasing his work.
He conquered lands. He conquered people. He spread Hellenic culture to the ends of the known world. He was on the front line, along his co-patriot brothers in arms. He kept watch as a mere soldier to ease the fatigue of his hoplites and phalangites (the only man doing such a thing was a certain French emperor, who was sighting the cannons at Lodi and France) Maybe he was hated, or disliked by some of his time. But 2500 years later, he has the respect he requires. His name: Alexandros o Megas. Remember him, because he certainly is the Great of History.
“Not one part of my body, the front at least that bears no scars.” -nice way to imply he doesn’t run away. Very subtle, but hits hard.
“Treat your men as you would your own beloved sons. And they will follow you into the deepest valley.” ― Sun Tzu, The Art of War edit: ok wow, thanks guys
“If you wish to defeat me, train for another 500 years.” - Sun Tzu, The Art of War
If you wish to beat me train another 1000 years -Sun Tzu Art Of War
If you wish to train beat me for another 1000 years
"You won't beat the train in 1000 years." -Big Smoke, The Art of Bangin'
"Switch to pistol faster than reloading " Sun Tzu art of war
Imagine making a speech and having it immortalized 1,000 years later...
2300*
With a video like this we can shoot for 10,000
Off the dome too no teleprompter
They should play this video in history class in school
@@vk3567 1700s
Man, what an awesome speech. I listen to this so often. There’s times I’ve listened where it made me kind of tear up a little bit. Can only imagine being one of his soldiers standing there listening to that after having gone through so much with him leading you. History is so cool.
This is the best video for this speech I have seen on KZhead. Beautiful, I listen to this during workouts.
"Passed down by eyewitnesses" Imagine, your family, passing down this speech throughout all of the halls of time, so that a living legend's great speech would never be forgotten.
You can just imagine when the soldiers eventually returned home and told their children this speech.
It is passed down in all the families here in Greece
@@user-zm6ve3cr3w You sure they aren't trying to tear down his statues?
@@dravenocklost4253 why would they do that
Omar Ali Your probably correct sadly real events seldom match up to the myth
Manager: "why do think you're a good fit for this company?" Alexander: *deep breath*.............
robert california had similar speech
I would've IPO'd if you hadn't cowered in fear
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ). Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11) The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ... The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks... For example the great Thucydides... Example : Thucydides (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc! Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother. She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides". Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great? The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo. Plutarch is very detailed on this subject. He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children. He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way. (Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69) Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today. (Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia) As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes . And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc... Here what Demosthenes says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great): - "And yet, with regard to Philip and his conduct, they don't feel that way, although he's not Greek and he's not related to the Greeks at all..." (The third Filipino) By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ? I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek. ( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... ) According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion. According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses. All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian. For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ? Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came. To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part. In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus. Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it. As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes. Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues. ( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ) All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek! ( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 ) The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus. Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great ! And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks. There are many others! According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy! More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " . Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle". The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ... "Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " . (Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome). Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us: - "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. " ( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare ) That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved. The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion. Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing. The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister . The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus". I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus. The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope. Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great. She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time. But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Many time i have spent d night on watch so that u can sleep soundly ...These words gave me chills..
the world would be a better place if generals still treated their soldiers this way. maybe one day there would be no more need for war, if people treated each other with such common honesty.
"I would've crossed the Hyphasis too, if you hadn't cowered in fear" I was not even born for another 2000 years and even I feel shame at that.
Same
Hyphasis not high faces. It's a river in northern India.
Lol...bro turn on the subtitles.
@@name6832 it’s not a hard mistake to make. Not to mention you can’t hardly trust subtitles at times.
@@azazelsiad3601 so you're saying it's 'high faces' ? or.... you're just lonely?
I like how he said that all the front of his body has battle scar's, indicating that he never abandoned his men, by retreating in battle.
Didn’t look at it that way. Wow!
contrary to what Darius the king of Persia did to his troops every time he faced Alexander
@@ravindrakarande59 Darius fleeing twice is kind of a headscratcher. Darius was actually renowned for his bravery. His entire career was built almost purely on bravery. Plus Darius was a capable warrior. E.g. He was the type of commander who challenged and defeated opponents in single combat. It's very perplexing that this man fled twice. Alexander's greatest weapon was his ability to play mind games. After a victory, he had a tendency to leave his opponents wondering, "wtf just happened". Perhaps Alexander mindfckd Darius in some way that is now lost to history.
@@tylerdurden3722 indeed. I'm sure parley was taken and in these messages I would assume some healthy mind f*"#@ary was happening. Not to mention Alexander was a better tactician,and Darius had to have known.
@@jessewilliams1422 I think Alexander getting as close to Darius as possible, on the battlefield, was the mind game. Battlefields stretched across horizons...and usually an individual can only see what's happening in his vicinity. Commanders didn't have a bird's eye view. At both battles, Darius was at the back centre. Behind layers of fighting units. Darius was obviously aware that Alexander was placed on the on the right flank, and mobilized to attack the Persian flank. And then all of a sudden Alexander is right in front of him.😅 From Darius' limited perspective, one could be forgiven for assuming that Alexander's sudden appearance means that your left flank and center was defeated. Darius might have been asking himself, how did Alexander manage to break free from the flank and reach so deep into the center.
I stumbled upon your video, and I couldn't resist expressing my overwhelming gratitude to you. Your content has been an absolute ray of sunshine in my life, and I want you to know just how much I appreciate your hard work and dedication. Your passion for what you do shines through in every frame, and it's truly contagious. Watching your videos has become a source of joy and inspiration for me, and I always look forward to the next upload. Your creativity knows no bounds, and I'm in awe of the way you connect with your audience. Your ability to touch hearts and make a positive impact is a gift, and I am grateful to be a part of your wonderful community. Beyond the entertaining and informative content you create, it's your authenticity and genuine care for your viewers that sets you apart. You've built a supportive and inclusive space where we can all come together to share in the experience. Thank you for being a bright light in the vast world of the internet. Your presence makes a difference, and I hope you never underestimate the positive influence you have on so many lives. I am grateful for the countless hours you invest in crafting each video, researching, editing, and pouring your heart into every moment. Your dedication is truly commendable, and it doesn't go unnoticed. So, from the bottom of my heart, thank you! Thank you for being you, for sharing your talents with us, and for making this corner of the internet a better place. I am beyond grateful for the joy you bring into my life and the lives of so many others. Please keep doing what you do best, as your impact reaches far beyond the screen. You've created a beautiful community, and I'm honored to be a part of it.
Unto heaven
The nations, kingdoms, kings and pharaohs etc. that spawned from this man’s’ greatness is simply amazing!!
Okay, I'm hyped, let's cross the Hyphasis.
Lmaoooo
To the end of the world for Alexander!
Hear, hear!
Yeah you can try...like generals of Alexander tried.....but there was lion waiting for them Chandragupta Maurya and his guru the legendary Chadhkya .....who beat the crap out the Greeks and made his general surrendered unconditionally.
PRAKHAR SINGH what ever makes u feel better lol
He has no scars on his back because he never retreated!
umm if he retreated he may have plenty scars on his back
He has retreated before when he faced off against a queen from Africa once he seen her army and her on a war elephant ready to face off against him, look it up.
@Muhammed Ali homosexuality in ancient Greek culture was very common and accepted so i really don't understand your point here
@Muhammed Ali I mean your not wrong but neither am i
@Muhammed Ali how can a bum be a pervert?
Everybody gangsta till Alexander the Great starts quoting his achievements
This one clip is better than the whole Netflix documentary.
the ultimate chad. he was so chad that every chad in the western hemisphere would, for the next 2000 years, cite him, imitate him, learn from him, name themselves after him, weep for they were not him.
I would call him the greatest man in history
@@bmssenjoyer He certainly set the standard.
He is more of a god than a chad tbh
@@ajarofpickles2826 seconded
Even caesar wept at the foot of his status at Alexandria in egypt because he was so impressed at Alexander's accomplishments at such a young age.
Props to the sound guy for going back in time to record this speech Edit : These comments are hillarious
And it was in English! What are the odds...?
obviously paralel universes time travel is the answer
props to the camera man for going with him and getting this cool footage too
@@Kloutrous808 yea, people looked strange back then
@@boogathon it's also crazy how his mouth doesn't move when he talks
Four listens, man. I just found this, and am listening for the fourth consecutive time. Very good job. :)
Hollywood dared to call this man gay. They are out of their minds
"The Thessalians used to terrify you. Well, we rule them now!" This is the most badass thing ever!
His Thessalian cavalry in front of him: „👀“…
@@ChelsChels. lol
yeah, i was thinking the same. The entire army were greeks, not just macedonians. The speech starts to sound very unrealistic from that point, it still being bad ass, i cant count the times i heard it.
@@kuzakani4297 It was only the Macedonian troops that were gathered for the speech as they were the one's that were most aggrieved as they'd been away from home for literally 10 years, so they wanted to go home, see their wives, and their families. The mutiny also arose because of Alexanders army becoming filled with more and more Persian soldiers, which the Greek and Macedonian soldiers did not like obviously due to the long held animosity built up over the multiple Persian invasions. Most of the common Greek soldiers didn't see any reason to be there, they had secured Macedonia's surrounding safety and pacified any threats, they weren't interested in conquering for conquering's sake, for the most part they were just ordinary dudes who were tired of losing countless friends and being on campaign is absolutely by no means a fun experience
@@kuzakani4297 I think everyone inside the Macedonian empire was called Macedonian, Macedonia did have greek culture after all amd was pretty much greek. Just by basing itself by his words
"This is what my father Philip did for you, great enough on it's own, but small compared to what you've gained from me". That gave me chills.
Yeaah thats the best part imo
Ikr
Hear, hear! The Macedonians were known as great horseman, King Philip had horses that won several events at the ancient Olympics
That was the most powerful part for me.
@Myke Mynah that aint his voice 😂😂
The spirit of Alexander flowed through the heart of this actor performing this speech.
This format of great speech video is amazing! => PLEASE Make a Napoleon farewell to the old guard speech video 🙏🏼
“The Thessalians, they used to terrify you, we rule them now” such a great line
@@simonides3167 I live in Larissa
@@ep5154 I hope this is a joke I don't get and you don't mean it literally
@@mk9650 Larissa doesn’t exist what do you mean?
@@kostakws ρε μαλακα
@@mk9650 I guess it's a joke like "Denmark doesn't exist" about Larissa
He was so OP that the developers killed him.
Banned him from the server
Shame that they didn't just nerf him smh
@@notnokn6445 no, then some undeveloped character would kill him after they made him evil, better died young than old as a villain.
@@kuzakani4297 Wasn't he always a villain though?
@@portgasempire7867 because of.what? Defeating Darío? Not even its sátraps liked him, most of.them just surrended to Alexander with no fight.
Well done on video editing. Made it easy to follow along!
And here we are nearly 2 millenniums after his death and still going across his name.. Alexander ‘the great’ or better known as the the man that reached immortality.
Philip and aristotle: That's our boy
Zeus: Hold my souvlaki!
He murdered Aristotle’s nephew and some people theorize Aristotle mixed the poison that killed him. It’s also very likely that he played a part If not the dominant role in Philips death.
His mother played a bigger part!
@@kiminem4087 What the hell are you even talking about...
@@kiminem4087 most Serbs for sure do not believe North Macedonia propaganda. Even half the North Macedonians do not believe that crap that no credible historian in the world supports but you do you man. Believe what makes you happy.
Soldiers: man we quit... Alexander: so you choose death by words...
Amazing
Sounds like my grandma
sounds like my asian parents
Well actually also literal death as well he forced them to go through the long way back home which lead to many of the soldiers dying
@@cesarsolano3398 he didn't force them to go through the Gedrosian; he planned it out with his generals and the decision was made. And this speech was long after the crossing through Gedrosia, it's mentioned here. He crossed the desert and endured all their hardships with them. One example- he was offered water which was found after a long search, but he refused it because he didn't want to have comforts that his soldiers didn't. It wasn't a punishment; that's a modern theory.
To be honest, many men who have fallen for Alexander the Great definitely has history to add to it like after that came Belisarius, Charlemagne, Agustas, the Mongol Emporer to whom we still don't know his name yet, Napoleon Bonaparte, and so much more men to whom who had fallen for Alexander's greatness definitely shaped the world we live in now From Greeks being unstoppable, to Roman's being unbearable, and above all Emperor Bonaparte who shaped the wave of Revolution throughout Europe even though he perished before that happened and for many who copied Napoleon's tactics like Adolf Hitler even though he was a bad guy in WWII he brought all Europe under his control just like Napoleon brought all of Europe under his control control, it's just so astonishing for many viewers who want history in their lifetime and I absolutely love history!
And to all the teachers out there: don't forget who taught Alexander. Aristotle. You really do have the potential to change the face of history.
Caesar wept when he saw a statue of Alexander. His friends were surprised, and asked him the reason of it. ‘Do you think,’ said he, ‘I have not just cause to weep, when I consider that Alexander at my age had conquered so many nations, and I have all this time done nothing that is memorable?’”
Which ceasar?
Andy Quin Julius
@An unimpressed Rooster Gaius
@@greysson2933 which one? There were two Gaius Julius Caesar
@An unimpressed Rooster of the Julio-Claudian dynasty
"Imagin a king who fights his own battles, wouldn't that be a sight" -Achilles.
Great quote by Brad Pitt
@@hadid1092 Arm pitt?
And that’s what he did, he was in the middle of all of the fights sometimes in the front lines chasing after the opponent leaders… literally crazy guy, he really wanted it and he got it
Almost funny because Alexander admired Achilles and the Iliad as whole.
@@KReeMMeeNAL He climbed a ladder first and jumped into a castle by himself because his men were afraid
He IS the Greatest of all.. never defeated..He was the first one that history announced him Great.
Ο Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ο δαρείος, ο κύρος, ο ράμσης, ο ξέρξης και πολλοί άλλοι είχαν χαρακτηριστεί great πριν τον αλέξανδρο...
@@GAMOTHEOS ωχ του χάλασες το παραμύθι
Here I am listening to this speech for 20 time and coming back every time I had to go through something hard in life, this MAN conquered half of the world when he was 23 and this gives me power to go through harsh reality and get up every time. Marvelous
The only explanation scientist have came up with to explain Alexander’s untimely death is that he was crushed under the weight of his massive balls.
LOL XD
malaria
I heard he was killed by a mosquito but I think he was assassinated by one of the spiteful Macedonians
Yeah he was either killed by a mosquito, or poisoned by someone
Ah ah ah!!!
After a speech like this, I would follow this man everywhere.
Absolutely. The world needs a conqueror. We are not made to be fat and serve corporations. We were made to fight.
@@nathangibson2114 there is only one ruler and all others are pretenders. When the Time comes He will show you all how feeble all these conquerors were in their time.
Because you had not been through what his veterans had
To hell and back.
@@nathangibson2114 We weren't made at all, but we are well adapted for running, if you look at our physiology and structure.
If only we still had leaders like this
Today's not the day we forget about Alexander. Today's the day we watch! 🔥
"He died at only 32" The gods were afraid that if he ruled until he was 50, he'd begin to march into Olympus and take that too, so they sowed disease ahead of time, to cut him short.
I cannot express how much I love this friggin comment.
@@makaylahnkanu304 me to badass but true 👍
@@makaylahnkanu304 me to badass but true 👍
@@makaylahnkanu304 ikr
12 years 8 months and he conquered most of the known world. Leying the ground work for our culture and society today
A day may come when the knowledge of history fails, when we forsake our sources and stop talking about Alexander. But it is not this day! :-)
An hour of wolves and shattered shields, when Alexander vids comes crashing down, but it is not this day! This day we watch! By all that you hold dear on this Video Platform, I bid you Watch, men in the web!
That is beautiful. :-)
Lotr series is coming
Kings and Generals :-)
could all you guys collaborate on something, i think that would be amazing. on anything really i love history with all my soul,heart and mind.
Just as I was watching this, I remembered a line spoken by Tywin Lannister in 'Game of Thrones', "Aegon (Aegon the conqueror, a character undoubtedly inspired by William the conqueror and to some extent Alexander) changed the rules, that's why every child alive knows his name, 300 years after his death.". That was a cool line and 300 years indeed is a lot of time. And then we have Alexander in the real world, who died in 323 BC. Pretty much everyone still knows who Alexander was, a whole 2346 years after his death. Also, Alexander had no Dragons. Take that Aegon.
Alexander is perhabs the only man in history who could claim he was a demi-god and even have some merit to it considering how much he achieved in such a short reign
ALEXANDER had Greeks ;P
Insanely powerful speech. Whoever did the voice of Alexander deserves an award!
“But small compared to what you’ve gained.. from me.” *it was at this moment, the soldiers knew-*
...that Alexander was a complete tosser.
Lmaooooo so facts
Alexander the Great is probably the most important person in history
Rithvik Muthyalapati that’s probably jesus
@@rithvikmuthyalapati9754 not even from a Christian perspective but that title probably belongs to Jesus. He fundamentally collapsed the old Roman empire as well made whole new cultures and changes the very course of history.
He suffered from chronic back pain for carrying the Greek empire by himself.
you mean macedonian
@@DeathLessBoss Dont forget that Phillip his father was made Hegemon of all Greece and that made Alexander the ruler of all the greek empire.
@@hominem3731 his hegemony over the Greeks meant they were his ~vassals. He was King of Macedonia and Hegemon of Greece, meaning Greece had been subjugated under the kingdom of Macedonia
@@DeathLessBoss it's like you say that kingdom of Sparta or Athens weren't Greek...
@MrLizardisle the Macedonians were Hellenic, yes. And Alexander‘s goal for the campaign was to liberate Hellenic peoples from Persian rule. But call his kingdom “the Greek empire” to Alexander’s face and he’d have slapped you lol
Alexander and Napoleon. Two people I regard your coverage of as the best on KZhead
Rumor has it that after Alexander's speech, therapists in his kingdom had a surge in appointments for post-speech trauma.