Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, in one lecture. @PhiloofAlexandria
Пікірлер
Uncommonly clear explanation of Kant which many academics seem to struggle presenting. Thank you for this.
@mikeob58943 жыл бұрын
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
That's because it's insane ...the moon is a quantum sphere that rotates the earths axis, you can't prove it. Or something like that, it's not just a rock. It's some abstract theory on transcdental spacetime as temporary and the satellite physics of the moon in relation to earth. Time is set to reverse itself in the year 4000, it's an actual thing, like how we use to be BC, now we are in AD. This is just his watered down social science.
@adaptercrash Жыл бұрын
@@hyperduality2838 Transcendental Aesthetic is not sensory.
@trashygit Жыл бұрын
@@trashygit The word "aesthetic" in German means sensory. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Immanuel Kant shows you how to make new concepts in The Critique of Pure Reason. Homology (syntropy, convergence) is dual to co-homology (entropy, divergence). The 4th law of thermodynamics is hardwired into mathematics and mathematical thinking. Your mind is syntropic as it makes predictions!
@hyperduality2838 Жыл бұрын
@@hyperduality2838 Aesthetics in German (die Ästhetik) means sense of something, not senses. This 'sense of something' can be roughly translated in English as 'perception' - other than direct translation aesthetics.
@trashygit Жыл бұрын
This analogy with the projector helped A LOT. I was almost there, and now, I think I get it.
@Alkis052 жыл бұрын
Here are some videos about projective geometry, universal hyperbolic geometry:- kzhead.info/sun/mt6anMaGg5WteoE/bejne.html "All geometries are projective geometries" -- Arthur Cayley. Projective points (lines) are dual to projective lines (planes) -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. Points (poles) are dual to lines (polars). Quadrance is dual to spread. There is a pattern of duality hardwired into physics, mathematics & philosophy. The word "projective" implies at least two, an origin or projector and a screen to be projected onto -- it is therefore dual. The observed is dual to the observer -- David Bohm. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
@hyperduality28382 жыл бұрын
Very clarifying, thank you! Also I’d like to say your intonation and speech style leaves me imagining that Jeff Goldblum is explaining Kant 😂
@TheVibeDriveАй бұрын
How in earth you don't have more followers? Please don't stop making videos. You are a fantastic teacher.
@galaddamodred11102 жыл бұрын
Former grad student, David Hildebrand, here, Dan. This was a really great lecture and it sounds like you had a cold. Heroic levels of energy and clarity throughout. I really enjoyed it.
@hilde452 жыл бұрын
Thanks! And good to hear from you!
@PhiloofAlexandria2 жыл бұрын
@@PhiloofAlexandria Quran says: “Allah:there is no deity worthy of worship except he”:The Neccessary life/consciousness,sustainer of life/consciousness.” Wire like neuronal structures that conduct electricity via ions/neurotransmitters in the CNS/PNS possess no attribute of thinking/life and yet that has “randomly” led to life. Consciousness/thinking is an innate idea(“Fitra”)that is distinct from carbon skeleton and yet the materialist scientist believes that chemistry turned into biology via “god of randomness”/”Emergent property”/”law of nature”. Consciousness can only stem from Necessary Consciousness (Allah-one/indivisible/loving/self-sufficient perfection.
@bluesky45299Ай бұрын
2:11 Copernicus 3:10 Kant, similar to Copernicus, in the idea of being a world changer Induction, Evidence, (Reason, Logic) 6:42 Concepts revolving around Objects, or Objects revolving around Concepts 12:46 The Mind, The Mirror of The World. A Projector? Structure can give understanding of what will be inside that structure 15:00 (Sounds like a Transcendental line of logic) Innate Ideas, The Categories Laws of Understanding Appearance, Experience 19:32 Necessary Factor to Have a Possibility You have to have a projector to have a projection experience 22:39 To Know The Real World? 23:44 Mind --> Thought of a shape --> Recognition of the shape (access to a form of triangle) Idea of Triangle, A-priori Concept, Mind Projects Shape? Projection of Prior Experience Phenomena - Appearances, Objects of Experience Shape, Motion - Sensed and Actual Color, Texture - Sensed but phenomenal ?
@michaelpisciarino53483 жыл бұрын
as a philosophy instructor myself i find your energy and excitement for the content so refreshing and inspiring - thank you for sharing !
@eudaemonia172 жыл бұрын
Thank you. Finally I think I understand. I was waiting for it, waiting, thought I’d finally get the answer I have been looking for, and then get a question mark. Brilliant!
@arthurgreene45678 ай бұрын
I love these so much. I feel like a criminal watching them for free. Thank you so much!
@MauriceGucci9 ай бұрын
Kant is great philosopher. Thank for the video lecture
@abdussalampakistan36943 жыл бұрын
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
you're joking right? well nobody is gonna miss us
@Impaled_Onion-thatsmine2 жыл бұрын
An alternative way to understand the phrase "Copernican Revolution", is that before Copernicus, people believed the Earth was stationary. It sat there passively as the rest of the universe moved around it. And Copernicus revealed that it is the Earth which moves. It is an active element in the universe. In the same way, people before Kant believe that the mind passively receives impressions from the world which acts on it. But Kant showed that the mind actively constructs those impressions. It is an active element in perception.
@APaleDot Жыл бұрын
Great point!
@PhiloofAlexandria Жыл бұрын
Absolutely brilliant. Thanks for the clear interpretation and demonstration of Kant and his project.
@rmphilosophy2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your work
@sisimaria141517 күн бұрын
12:04 You've explained this in such simple terms. Thank you!
@YaBoiiiiiiiii9 ай бұрын
This is wonderfully lucid! Thank you.
@jasonclarke23462 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the insight.
@keziahNjiraini-nh2rh6 ай бұрын
Very clear Dr. Bonevac, thank you.
@julesjgreig3 жыл бұрын
Amazing! Thank you
@ReaganFabry2 жыл бұрын
Beautifully presented.
@muhammadasifkhan41982 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for uploading this valuable content. It is so nice to adopt different perspectives on the world.
@linguaphile94152 жыл бұрын
Excellent. I think that Hegel gave the answer. Through work one can transform the real world by using apriori knowledge. Then our present knowledge moves towards thing in itself.🙏
@franciskm41443 жыл бұрын
It seems to me that not the real world is being transformed but your personal understanding of what was the real world after the work was finished. BTW , is it ever?
@h.p.j.niemeijer99178 ай бұрын
Kant was ahead of his time
@benquinneyiii7941Ай бұрын
Dr. B for the win as always! Astoundingly clear explanation for my undergrad ears.. So many thanks!!
@LTDsaint153 жыл бұрын
Thank you for such a nice explanation.
@zubariakhan26963 жыл бұрын
This is magnificent lecture
@bernicekauzu97882 жыл бұрын
This was a treat and invaluable explanation of kant's contribution compared to others , thank you professor .
@amraouza49373 жыл бұрын
Very good explanation!! I was enlightened by this video..
@symphonicsco10143 жыл бұрын
Hey dude, you are really amazing, you are the master of teaching !
@Incitatushka3 жыл бұрын
thank you!
@samanthaohren72232 жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@PhiloofAlexandria2 жыл бұрын
You are great sir 🌼👌
@PracticalWisdomPhilosophyDS2 жыл бұрын
I think a key component to Kant's theory that has been lost to modernity due to science and now postmodernism veiling its existence, is Noumenon. It's his unchanging realm around the world of phenomenon. It's the realm beyond Hegel's geist. I find that in presentations like this one and most contemporary writers on the subject seem to downplay his emphasis on "metaphysics", giving it the position of a kind of broad psychology. But I think of it as a true metaphysics--a physics which includes transcendent realities, those objective AND numinous elements of the noumenon. The realm of phenomenon is all we accept today and thus, using Hegel's dialectic magic, have had to alchemize our language and theory to create a kind of synthetic noumenon. I've heard a lot of talk about a return of the logos, which I think has been encaged by Hegel's geist. But I think of this less in Greek or gnostic terms as much as in Kantian terms (with some Otto and Jung and others), in that we have lost our connection to Noumenon while chasing the synthetic. While Kant argued we can only know things subjectively, he argued for the existence of an unchanging realm. Maybe I'm not understanding this well and drawing connections where they shouldn't be
@efleishermedia3 жыл бұрын
Kantian noumenon or Hendrixian purple haze?
@TeaParty17762 жыл бұрын
Great video, great lecturer, thank you and your team for these videos.
@malachimansfield56883 жыл бұрын
Yes
@MsAnkhaa2 жыл бұрын
God i love your pedagogy
@thuokagiri55502 жыл бұрын
For some reason I just took 'Copernican Revolution' to mean paradigm shift, but I've always missed the point about the change placing the mind at the centre of the world view. Thanks for this.
@neoepicurean37723 жыл бұрын
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
Oh, interesting, Kant's view sounds like a view in neuroscience I've been hearing about called predictive coding or predictive processing. From what I understand it's the view that perception is the result of negotiation between top down understandings of the world (priors) and raw sense data (evidence). There was an experiment done where participants were shown anomalous playing cards such as a black four of hearts. Given a brief exposure, they usually identified the cards without noticing anything was wrong. The black four of hearts was sometimes identified as a four of hearts or a four of spades; it was automatically fit into one of some predefined perceptual categories. Perhaps you could even say that logic was responsible for mediating between the different possible perceptions, since I don't believe it would have been identified as a four of diamonds. Maybe the brain was running some kind of deductive process starting with card color (resulting in a perception of a spade) or starting with suit (resulting in a perception of hearts).
@ant78913 жыл бұрын
Look out at reality, not inward. Focus your mind.
@TeaParty17762 жыл бұрын
> There was an experiment done Is that the phenomenal experment or the noumenal experiment?
@TeaParty17762 жыл бұрын
Noumenal (A priori, rational) is dual to phenomenal (A posteriori, empirical) -- Immanuel Kant.
@hyperduality28382 жыл бұрын
@@Impaled_Onion-thatsmine Who or what is at odds? You are implying at least two here or duality. Numbers: Odd is dual to even. Yes is dual to no. Questions are dual to answers. Questions imply answers, answers imply questions -- Hegel's dialectic. Mind (the internal soul) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Your mind is connected to the external world via photons or the electromagnetic field. Photons or electro-magnetic waves do not experience distance according to Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. In the reference frame of the photon there is no distance, length or space between an external object and your mind, the distance has been shrunk down to a point or zero. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Technically there is a contiguous boundary between your mind and matter that I am calling duality! Energy is dual and everything in physics is made from energy. Isomorphism (absolute sameness) is dual to homomorphism (relative sameness, difference). Same is dual to different, waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Homo is dual to hetero. Null homotopic implies contraction to a point where as non null homotopic requires at least two points (lines, duality) -- topology. Length, distance, space is defined as the difference between two points -- space duality. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Space duality is dual to time duality. The future is dual to the past -- time duality. We remember the past and predict (syntropy) the future.
@hyperduality28382 жыл бұрын
This is insanely cool
@craigswanson14742 жыл бұрын
Thanks professor! Greetings from Sweden. I enjoy following your lectures while doing part-time jobs, to boost my philosophical work and studies in the rest of the day. My school even use some of your books for a few smaller courses. To anyone watching and/or reading this, I can highly recommend Roger Scruton's introductory book on Kant (Oxford University Press). Also, at least reading Prolegomena (a few times) will greatly help you to understand Kant. I think professor Bonevac does a brilliant job of laying out all the important stuff here, but would like to stress, that one ought to resist any relativist/subjectivist/strong antirealist notions misleading one to construe Kant as meaning that we somehow construct the world willfully and that that construction would be infinitely malleable (like the intersectionalists/constructivists believe). To a very small degree, in some circumstances we may play some part, and we may be able to affect things through our attitudes, add or modify our beliefs, either willfully, or by negligence/ignorance, and so on, but it's one thing to speak of the world as a product of our minds (for us as humans, human condition, pre-sets, possible experience, essentially still retaining objectivity within our collective human framework etc.) and something entirely different to claim that the world fundamentally is, ontologically speaking, merely a case of constructivism. Sadly, many believe and actively promote that line of thinking (especially within sociology, while having zero grasp of philosophy, let alone metaphysics, even of their own subject). This difference we can see in the contemporary political battles. I think anyone clever and sharp enough knows what I mean. I love Kant and Wittgenstein, properly understood (the resolute reading), is a great continuation of the Kantian project of a synthesis between modest realism and modest antirealism.
@NorthenTasawwuf3 жыл бұрын
Humans are not clever or sharp, if we are to face the truth. I get what you mean. Good point in general. But I thought I should make my point about you appealing to people needing to be "clever or sharp" in your eyes for them to understand what you're saying. The truth is opinions and conclusions that we jump to on our own are futile. If people were "clever or sharp", let them be, no need to make mention or to exalt your words. I myself think the truth is no human is actually clever or sharp though. Those who believe they are wise are fools.
@creativespongey9593 жыл бұрын
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
Well, Prof Bonevac did stress that point. He said something like "obviously this (the fact that reality is mentally constructed) doesn't mean that we don't need to go to school and learn stuff about reality; "the world conforming to our experience" doesn't mean that we can shape reality with our minds as we wish" ... and then he spent basically the rest of the video explaining how we can know the objects of our experience by knowing the fundamental structures of our 'projectors', which implicitly conveys, imo quite clearly, that those structures are what they are and not the product of whatever we want them to be. I ofc agree with what you said (cuz it's correct), but I just think that anyone who actually paid attention to the video would understand it.
@isawilraen98162 жыл бұрын
@@craigjones8518 And that's exactly why you will fail to be. Believing that you are clever and sharp will cause you to close your mind and inhibit your ability to learn and become a better person. Also don't forget that emotions are important.
@creativespongey9592 жыл бұрын
@@craigjones8518 sure bud, just go out and take a gander
@creativespongey9592 жыл бұрын
Thank you!! The most concise Kant video on YT
@Portekberm3 жыл бұрын
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
Not all Kants are created equally. I nearly understood this.
@yp77738yp777399 ай бұрын
"critique critiquing itself" or as Ramana Maharshi used to say "is using a thorn to remove a thorn".
@williamcallahan5218 Жыл бұрын
❤
@itopir6 ай бұрын
Bruh, this was a sick ass explanation of some dppe ass concepts. On the real though, I appreciate kants willingness to say "absolute truth is out of humans scope." I think in some ways mans awareness of the gap between phenomena and the minds constructed interpretation of an object has driven so much of what we call progress. Whenever we find a phenomenena that does not conform to our existing priori were driven AF to create a better interpretation. I also think its a trip how humanity as an entity has created tools of observations which in themselves interpert natural phenomena into an observable constructions ala the projector. So a simple example would be infa red or radio waves. These phenomena exist, but are unobservable by human "Intuition." So obvi humans can't TRULY see or hear these phenomena, but we observe a constructed interpretation. And once you can see some shit, you can use it, in some instances manipulate it. E.g.. we make radio signals. Whats got me hyped recently is out ability to see gravity. Look that shit up if you haven't heard about it. But we've begun detecting gravitational waves through their minute distortion of space time. Think about what we'll be able to do with that!
@AbsurdistPanda2 жыл бұрын
Hi Daniel. I would appreciate any help with understanding Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of space and time and would appreciate some clarification on the metaphysical implications of Kant’s view of space and time, especially as someone who isn’t familiar with Kant’s ideas (even though I am interested). From what I know, Kant claims that both space and time only exist in the mind. As far as I understand, space and time wouldn’t exist for Kant if it was not for the human mind - it has no external mind-independent/objective reality. Am I right or wrong about this? (Is Kant only making an epistemological claim and not an ontological one? If this is the case, space and time would be incoherent without our mind, but space and time would still have some type of existence independent of our mind - maybe it would be chaotic?) If my assessment of Kant’s doctrine on space and time are valid, I was wondering then is there no objective reality that exists for Kant? If so, what is it, if it does not include space or time? Also, is Kant’s doctrine on time compatible with the growing block metaphysical theory of time (the past and present exist, but the future doesn’t exist) in contrast to both presentism (the present is real but the past and future are not real) and eternalism (past, present and future all equally coexist with one another)? Thanks for any response with these questions! 😃 I also apologise for my ignorance regarding Kant
@jimmyfaulkner1855Ай бұрын
For Kant time and space only exists in mind as universal necessities which are functions of mind that help in structuring our experience and they don’t exist in reality. I would say he got it wrong ( time and space exist even before humans). For your second question Kant is saying world cannot be known. He doesn’t say it exists or doesn’t exist. But for practical reasons world, God etc. becomes a necessary precondition in Kants philosophy. So in theoretical sense he says he can’t say they actually exist or not but says they are preconditions for practical reasons.
@Just.arandom124 күн бұрын
What happens when the categories of the mind are applied to the categories of the mind? Is that what gives rise to our sense of metaphysical reality in constview or in any other philosophers view?
@brucekern7083 Жыл бұрын
Kant was absolutely right in the transcendental aesthetic. The two-capacitor paradox proves it in time, Gabriel's horn proves it in space - you cannot have enough paint to paint the surface area but can have enough to fill its internal volume, so you could pour out the paint and have half the surface area covered. It doesn't have the implications people believe and is widely misunderstood. It doesn't make Kant a solipsist. He proves the Berklian view as absurd and apparently does the same thing with Leibniz, I don't quite understand the proof against Leibniz, but the case is clear but not conclusive IMO. Reading Allison clarifies Kant, although many books on the deduction are excellent. I wonder if there is anything post-Kantian on the philosophy of mind that is as good?. I wonder if there is such a thing as an honest academic - Kant has enemies and is hated. The category of quality has been a hard point for me. Comments?
@DouglasHPlumb10 ай бұрын
Isn’t the question that Kant hasn’t maybe asked, how can he know this? His experience is one of growing in a place where he had these concepts given to him as he grew up. They were implanted in him, albeit unknowingly, as he developed. Outside input was teaching him things that he assumes are a priori. To then think that this knowledge is a priori he would need to study someone who hadn’t ever had human contact or any external feeding of information. Our experience conforms to the objects and our a priori knowledge isn’t a priori, it’s learnt. Instinct is a different value to understanding
@danielwarton5343 Жыл бұрын
The last half of his 3rd belongs at the end of his 1st.
@DouglasHPlumb10 ай бұрын
How did Helen Keller’s synthetic apriori intuition inform her about the objects of experience?
@Individualist73 Жыл бұрын
Is saying an object will reflect light, or vibrations, sound waves etc a kind of a-priori knowledge of the thing itself?
@Some_retard10 ай бұрын
19:25 using modal symbology: P1) P -> q P2) p C1) q +++++ Proof A1) ¬q; Assume C1 is false. P3) P; P2, Axiom T P4) q; P1, MP P5) False; A1, P4 Contradiction C1) q ; A1-P5, Proof by contradiction
@Alkis052 жыл бұрын
This lecture convinces me much philosophy is mytifying speculation. Tricks played by language, rhetoric, metaphor. Of course, some philosphy is sometimes a demystification; but way too little of it.
@mark4asp Жыл бұрын
Enter Shopenhauer
@canisronis27532 жыл бұрын
When asked my political opinion - I start talking about a Carrot, On a Plate, On a table.
@blackmonster47082 жыл бұрын
May be If there is a cause there will be effects
@vishalkrishnakumar63992 жыл бұрын
so good 2023 Huh kyung young Eternal milk Kerygma
@1330m Жыл бұрын
Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
What is the relevance of this dualism you bring up?
@ant78913 жыл бұрын
@@ant7891 Duality leads to new laws of physics but as you can see it shows up in the metaphysics of Kant, Hegel, Plato et al. Good news is dual to bad news. Teleophilia is dual to teleophobia. The bad news is that teleophobia currently dominates thinking in physics departments hence you are not likely to hear about these new laws. Immanuel Kant talks about teleology in "The Critique of Judgment". Teleology = targets, goals, intentions, objectives, aims or target tracking. You can associate teleology with the concept of God or a divine being or ideal perfect states in physics and some people do not like this at all -- teleophobia. The laws of physics are objective with respect to all observers for instance:- The velocity of light is the same and equal for all observer -- an ideal or perfect state in physics. The laws of physics are independent of the observer's perspective or position. Objective is dual to subjective, absolute is dual to relative.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
@@hyperduality2838 honestly you sound like someone on a huge dose of acid. That said, I appreciate your originality and creativity
@ant78913 жыл бұрын
@@ant7891 "Imagination is more important than knowledge" -- Einstein. There is also a 5th law of thermodynamics:- The conservation of duality (energy), energy is duality, duality is energy. All energy in physics is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Immanuel Kant had a mind duality and this is completely consistent with these new laws of physics! "I have awoken from my dogmatic slumbers" -- Immanuel Kant. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
@@Impaled_Onion-thatsmine Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato's cat. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non-being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat. Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato. Plato was a student of Socrates so the dialectic comes from the Socratic method or dialectic. Dyads, dialectic = duality. Antinomy (duality) is two truths that contradict each other (paradox) -- Immanuel Kant. Duality is two sides of the same coin (heads, tails) -- two differing perspectives of the same thing. In physics null vectors (photons, light) are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective and perpendicularity requires at least two. Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy (light) is therefore dual. The Christian cross is built from perpendicularity -- duality. I am not too sure what you are saying so I will ignore it. Nothing wrong with my brain as once you have a deep understanding of duality you can create new laws of physics:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- Generalized duality. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Transcendental logic (concepts) is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory perception) -- Immanuel Kant. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. The philosophy of Kant et al. just reinforces the physics.
@hyperduality28382 жыл бұрын
The sun will rise
@benquinneyiii7941 Жыл бұрын
21:11
@aes91543 жыл бұрын
This reminds me somehow of the way stereotypes shape how we perceive others. But it is weird to think we come into this world preequipped with concepts without which we couldn't make sense of the world. Let's take a chair. I know what a chair is because I was repeatedly exposed to chairs in my life and soon developed an understanding of what it is used for. This would be a realist's view. Kant would say I identify the chair and know everything about it (?) because I have a priori knowledge of it. When I see a chair for the first time in my life I will naturally sit down on it. But why do cultures without chairs not immediately understand the use of a chair? For example Aborigines before European contact. If the fixed (?) inventory of concepts is culture-specific, then is it impossible for Aborigines to acquire knowledge about the use and design of a chair? Clearly not, but how does Kant explain creative processes that make necessary the acquisition of new concepts?
@linguaphile9415 Жыл бұрын
according to metaphysics he might be right
@velvetfont_7 ай бұрын
If Kant doesn't blow your mind you do not understand what he states.
@vee9853 жыл бұрын
I’m not saying that he’s right but for me revelation came from an AI researcher’s answer to the question "How do you think outside Reality looks like?". He said something along the lines of "Reality doesn’t look like anything because ‘looking like something’ is a property of the internal models that the various conscious agents have of the outside world. Only internal models look like something. There’s no clear naked direct way to perceive reality; any perceiving (by its very definition) happens indirectly through a representation". Off course i have problems getting used to this, it brakes our naive but enchanted view of the world.
@raresmircea3 жыл бұрын
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
In conclusion ,Emmanuel kan't ,but at least Emanuel tried
@thuokagiri55502 жыл бұрын
Quantum mechanics
@benquinneyiii7941 Жыл бұрын
I understand nada....
@CesarSandoval0249 ай бұрын
The Universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. Neil deGrasse Tyson
@Piedone212 жыл бұрын
And yet he presupposes regularity in order to apply scientific hypotheses. Obviously the universe doesn’t have obligations, that doesn’t mean that you can just throw out fun anti-intellectual quotes that can only be meaningfully applied to the end of ceasing the quest for knowledge.
@whatsinaname6912 жыл бұрын
Kant is a bad philosophy.
@science212 Жыл бұрын
The problem with this guy is that he has his own philosophical vocabulary. He doesn’t take the text as it presents itself. Instead he has a style of argument that he imposes in the text. So if you try to read the texts he’s talking about, you would have no idea. Because this guy thinks he’s smart, and he is, but he won’t help you learn about all the philosophers he’s talking about.
@jvpresnall3 жыл бұрын
All do respect, you can always just read Kant’s work, or read along with a readers guide. Professor Bonevac is lecturing us (for free, mind you) as he would his students. But its not as if he’s assigning us homework and is free to contact to clear up questions in person or by email. If you want to learn this material you’ll have to grapple with it (as you do in the classroom, through homework, outside reading , etc.) I’d say this is a great primer on Kant, and again, it’s free! And considering any ole’ schmuck can upload a KZhead video, and Professor Bonevac has actually been teaching this material for years, I’d say it’s one of the better primers you’re going to get.
@landonech3 жыл бұрын
He’s an incredibly well-respected college professor who’s letting you watch his lectures for free. He’s made this easily digestible and he’s not assuming you’re completely ignorant since this probably comes at the midpoint of the semester, so don’t complain about your own ignorance going in.
@whatsinaname6912 жыл бұрын
Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is based, but I didn't like your mocking of Christ our Lord. It's made me think you are blinded by your arrogance. These human "philosophical problems" are mostly futile because they are based on simple questions with simple answers which are overcomplicated. Focusing the mind on anything but the utmost truth is stupidity. Kant had great points toward understanding the issue of philosophy and the way we view the way our minds work, but he also argued against atheism. I myself will not conform to the weakness of the futile philosophies and elementary principles of man, but will aim toward the strength that is transcending the darkness toward the completeness of the light of Christ. The truth is in Christ alone. Service to God is the only thing worth time, all else is futile!
@creativespongey9593 жыл бұрын
I’m not sure what I said that you interpreted as mockery. I certainly intended no such thing.
@PhiloofAlexandria3 жыл бұрын
@@PhiloofAlexandria In that case I apologize for my misunderstanding.
@creativespongey9593 жыл бұрын
Great comment
@MJayzStudio3 жыл бұрын
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@hyperduality28383 жыл бұрын
@@PhiloofAlexandria Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
Uncommonly clear explanation of Kant which many academics seem to struggle presenting. Thank you for this.
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
That's because it's insane ...the moon is a quantum sphere that rotates the earths axis, you can't prove it. Or something like that, it's not just a rock. It's some abstract theory on transcdental spacetime as temporary and the satellite physics of the moon in relation to earth. Time is set to reverse itself in the year 4000, it's an actual thing, like how we use to be BC, now we are in AD. This is just his watered down social science.
@@hyperduality2838 Transcendental Aesthetic is not sensory.
@@trashygit The word "aesthetic" in German means sensory. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Immanuel Kant shows you how to make new concepts in The Critique of Pure Reason. Homology (syntropy, convergence) is dual to co-homology (entropy, divergence). The 4th law of thermodynamics is hardwired into mathematics and mathematical thinking. Your mind is syntropic as it makes predictions!
@@hyperduality2838 Aesthetics in German (die Ästhetik) means sense of something, not senses. This 'sense of something' can be roughly translated in English as 'perception' - other than direct translation aesthetics.
This analogy with the projector helped A LOT. I was almost there, and now, I think I get it.
Here are some videos about projective geometry, universal hyperbolic geometry:- kzhead.info/sun/mt6anMaGg5WteoE/bejne.html "All geometries are projective geometries" -- Arthur Cayley. Projective points (lines) are dual to projective lines (planes) -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. Points (poles) are dual to lines (polars). Quadrance is dual to spread. There is a pattern of duality hardwired into physics, mathematics & philosophy. The word "projective" implies at least two, an origin or projector and a screen to be projected onto -- it is therefore dual. The observed is dual to the observer -- David Bohm. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Very clarifying, thank you! Also I’d like to say your intonation and speech style leaves me imagining that Jeff Goldblum is explaining Kant 😂
How in earth you don't have more followers? Please don't stop making videos. You are a fantastic teacher.
Former grad student, David Hildebrand, here, Dan. This was a really great lecture and it sounds like you had a cold. Heroic levels of energy and clarity throughout. I really enjoyed it.
Thanks! And good to hear from you!
@@PhiloofAlexandria Quran says: “Allah:there is no deity worthy of worship except he”:The Neccessary life/consciousness,sustainer of life/consciousness.” Wire like neuronal structures that conduct electricity via ions/neurotransmitters in the CNS/PNS possess no attribute of thinking/life and yet that has “randomly” led to life. Consciousness/thinking is an innate idea(“Fitra”)that is distinct from carbon skeleton and yet the materialist scientist believes that chemistry turned into biology via “god of randomness”/”Emergent property”/”law of nature”. Consciousness can only stem from Necessary Consciousness (Allah-one/indivisible/loving/self-sufficient perfection.
2:11 Copernicus 3:10 Kant, similar to Copernicus, in the idea of being a world changer Induction, Evidence, (Reason, Logic) 6:42 Concepts revolving around Objects, or Objects revolving around Concepts 12:46 The Mind, The Mirror of The World. A Projector? Structure can give understanding of what will be inside that structure 15:00 (Sounds like a Transcendental line of logic) Innate Ideas, The Categories Laws of Understanding Appearance, Experience 19:32 Necessary Factor to Have a Possibility You have to have a projector to have a projection experience 22:39 To Know The Real World? 23:44 Mind --> Thought of a shape --> Recognition of the shape (access to a form of triangle) Idea of Triangle, A-priori Concept, Mind Projects Shape? Projection of Prior Experience Phenomena - Appearances, Objects of Experience Shape, Motion - Sensed and Actual Color, Texture - Sensed but phenomenal ?
as a philosophy instructor myself i find your energy and excitement for the content so refreshing and inspiring - thank you for sharing !
Thank you. Finally I think I understand. I was waiting for it, waiting, thought I’d finally get the answer I have been looking for, and then get a question mark. Brilliant!
I love these so much. I feel like a criminal watching them for free. Thank you so much!
Kant is great philosopher. Thank for the video lecture
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
you're joking right? well nobody is gonna miss us
An alternative way to understand the phrase "Copernican Revolution", is that before Copernicus, people believed the Earth was stationary. It sat there passively as the rest of the universe moved around it. And Copernicus revealed that it is the Earth which moves. It is an active element in the universe. In the same way, people before Kant believe that the mind passively receives impressions from the world which acts on it. But Kant showed that the mind actively constructs those impressions. It is an active element in perception.
Great point!
Absolutely brilliant. Thanks for the clear interpretation and demonstration of Kant and his project.
Thank you for your work
12:04 You've explained this in such simple terms. Thank you!
This is wonderfully lucid! Thank you.
Thanks for the insight.
Very clear Dr. Bonevac, thank you.
Amazing! Thank you
Beautifully presented.
Thank you so much for uploading this valuable content. It is so nice to adopt different perspectives on the world.
Excellent. I think that Hegel gave the answer. Through work one can transform the real world by using apriori knowledge. Then our present knowledge moves towards thing in itself.🙏
It seems to me that not the real world is being transformed but your personal understanding of what was the real world after the work was finished. BTW , is it ever?
Kant was ahead of his time
Dr. B for the win as always! Astoundingly clear explanation for my undergrad ears.. So many thanks!!
Thank you for such a nice explanation.
This is magnificent lecture
This was a treat and invaluable explanation of kant's contribution compared to others , thank you professor .
Very good explanation!! I was enlightened by this video..
Hey dude, you are really amazing, you are the master of teaching !
thank you!
You're welcome!
You are great sir 🌼👌
I think a key component to Kant's theory that has been lost to modernity due to science and now postmodernism veiling its existence, is Noumenon. It's his unchanging realm around the world of phenomenon. It's the realm beyond Hegel's geist. I find that in presentations like this one and most contemporary writers on the subject seem to downplay his emphasis on "metaphysics", giving it the position of a kind of broad psychology. But I think of it as a true metaphysics--a physics which includes transcendent realities, those objective AND numinous elements of the noumenon. The realm of phenomenon is all we accept today and thus, using Hegel's dialectic magic, have had to alchemize our language and theory to create a kind of synthetic noumenon. I've heard a lot of talk about a return of the logos, which I think has been encaged by Hegel's geist. But I think of this less in Greek or gnostic terms as much as in Kantian terms (with some Otto and Jung and others), in that we have lost our connection to Noumenon while chasing the synthetic. While Kant argued we can only know things subjectively, he argued for the existence of an unchanging realm. Maybe I'm not understanding this well and drawing connections where they shouldn't be
Kantian noumenon or Hendrixian purple haze?
Great video, great lecturer, thank you and your team for these videos.
Yes
God i love your pedagogy
For some reason I just took 'Copernican Revolution' to mean paradigm shift, but I've always missed the point about the change placing the mind at the centre of the world view. Thanks for this.
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
Oh, interesting, Kant's view sounds like a view in neuroscience I've been hearing about called predictive coding or predictive processing. From what I understand it's the view that perception is the result of negotiation between top down understandings of the world (priors) and raw sense data (evidence). There was an experiment done where participants were shown anomalous playing cards such as a black four of hearts. Given a brief exposure, they usually identified the cards without noticing anything was wrong. The black four of hearts was sometimes identified as a four of hearts or a four of spades; it was automatically fit into one of some predefined perceptual categories. Perhaps you could even say that logic was responsible for mediating between the different possible perceptions, since I don't believe it would have been identified as a four of diamonds. Maybe the brain was running some kind of deductive process starting with card color (resulting in a perception of a spade) or starting with suit (resulting in a perception of hearts).
Look out at reality, not inward. Focus your mind.
> There was an experiment done Is that the phenomenal experment or the noumenal experiment?
Noumenal (A priori, rational) is dual to phenomenal (A posteriori, empirical) -- Immanuel Kant.
@@Impaled_Onion-thatsmine Who or what is at odds? You are implying at least two here or duality. Numbers: Odd is dual to even. Yes is dual to no. Questions are dual to answers. Questions imply answers, answers imply questions -- Hegel's dialectic. Mind (the internal soul) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Your mind is connected to the external world via photons or the electromagnetic field. Photons or electro-magnetic waves do not experience distance according to Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. In the reference frame of the photon there is no distance, length or space between an external object and your mind, the distance has been shrunk down to a point or zero. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Technically there is a contiguous boundary between your mind and matter that I am calling duality! Energy is dual and everything in physics is made from energy. Isomorphism (absolute sameness) is dual to homomorphism (relative sameness, difference). Same is dual to different, waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Homo is dual to hetero. Null homotopic implies contraction to a point where as non null homotopic requires at least two points (lines, duality) -- topology. Length, distance, space is defined as the difference between two points -- space duality. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Space duality is dual to time duality. The future is dual to the past -- time duality. We remember the past and predict (syntropy) the future.
This is insanely cool
Thanks professor! Greetings from Sweden. I enjoy following your lectures while doing part-time jobs, to boost my philosophical work and studies in the rest of the day. My school even use some of your books for a few smaller courses. To anyone watching and/or reading this, I can highly recommend Roger Scruton's introductory book on Kant (Oxford University Press). Also, at least reading Prolegomena (a few times) will greatly help you to understand Kant. I think professor Bonevac does a brilliant job of laying out all the important stuff here, but would like to stress, that one ought to resist any relativist/subjectivist/strong antirealist notions misleading one to construe Kant as meaning that we somehow construct the world willfully and that that construction would be infinitely malleable (like the intersectionalists/constructivists believe). To a very small degree, in some circumstances we may play some part, and we may be able to affect things through our attitudes, add or modify our beliefs, either willfully, or by negligence/ignorance, and so on, but it's one thing to speak of the world as a product of our minds (for us as humans, human condition, pre-sets, possible experience, essentially still retaining objectivity within our collective human framework etc.) and something entirely different to claim that the world fundamentally is, ontologically speaking, merely a case of constructivism. Sadly, many believe and actively promote that line of thinking (especially within sociology, while having zero grasp of philosophy, let alone metaphysics, even of their own subject). This difference we can see in the contemporary political battles. I think anyone clever and sharp enough knows what I mean. I love Kant and Wittgenstein, properly understood (the resolute reading), is a great continuation of the Kantian project of a synthesis between modest realism and modest antirealism.
Humans are not clever or sharp, if we are to face the truth. I get what you mean. Good point in general. But I thought I should make my point about you appealing to people needing to be "clever or sharp" in your eyes for them to understand what you're saying. The truth is opinions and conclusions that we jump to on our own are futile. If people were "clever or sharp", let them be, no need to make mention or to exalt your words. I myself think the truth is no human is actually clever or sharp though. Those who believe they are wise are fools.
Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
Well, Prof Bonevac did stress that point. He said something like "obviously this (the fact that reality is mentally constructed) doesn't mean that we don't need to go to school and learn stuff about reality; "the world conforming to our experience" doesn't mean that we can shape reality with our minds as we wish" ... and then he spent basically the rest of the video explaining how we can know the objects of our experience by knowing the fundamental structures of our 'projectors', which implicitly conveys, imo quite clearly, that those structures are what they are and not the product of whatever we want them to be. I ofc agree with what you said (cuz it's correct), but I just think that anyone who actually paid attention to the video would understand it.
@@craigjones8518 And that's exactly why you will fail to be. Believing that you are clever and sharp will cause you to close your mind and inhibit your ability to learn and become a better person. Also don't forget that emotions are important.
@@craigjones8518 sure bud, just go out and take a gander
Thank you!! The most concise Kant video on YT
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
Not all Kants are created equally. I nearly understood this.
"critique critiquing itself" or as Ramana Maharshi used to say "is using a thorn to remove a thorn".
❤
Bruh, this was a sick ass explanation of some dppe ass concepts. On the real though, I appreciate kants willingness to say "absolute truth is out of humans scope." I think in some ways mans awareness of the gap between phenomena and the minds constructed interpretation of an object has driven so much of what we call progress. Whenever we find a phenomenena that does not conform to our existing priori were driven AF to create a better interpretation. I also think its a trip how humanity as an entity has created tools of observations which in themselves interpert natural phenomena into an observable constructions ala the projector. So a simple example would be infa red or radio waves. These phenomena exist, but are unobservable by human "Intuition." So obvi humans can't TRULY see or hear these phenomena, but we observe a constructed interpretation. And once you can see some shit, you can use it, in some instances manipulate it. E.g.. we make radio signals. Whats got me hyped recently is out ability to see gravity. Look that shit up if you haven't heard about it. But we've begun detecting gravitational waves through their minute distortion of space time. Think about what we'll be able to do with that!
Hi Daniel. I would appreciate any help with understanding Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of space and time and would appreciate some clarification on the metaphysical implications of Kant’s view of space and time, especially as someone who isn’t familiar with Kant’s ideas (even though I am interested). From what I know, Kant claims that both space and time only exist in the mind. As far as I understand, space and time wouldn’t exist for Kant if it was not for the human mind - it has no external mind-independent/objective reality. Am I right or wrong about this? (Is Kant only making an epistemological claim and not an ontological one? If this is the case, space and time would be incoherent without our mind, but space and time would still have some type of existence independent of our mind - maybe it would be chaotic?) If my assessment of Kant’s doctrine on space and time are valid, I was wondering then is there no objective reality that exists for Kant? If so, what is it, if it does not include space or time? Also, is Kant’s doctrine on time compatible with the growing block metaphysical theory of time (the past and present exist, but the future doesn’t exist) in contrast to both presentism (the present is real but the past and future are not real) and eternalism (past, present and future all equally coexist with one another)? Thanks for any response with these questions! 😃 I also apologise for my ignorance regarding Kant
For Kant time and space only exists in mind as universal necessities which are functions of mind that help in structuring our experience and they don’t exist in reality. I would say he got it wrong ( time and space exist even before humans). For your second question Kant is saying world cannot be known. He doesn’t say it exists or doesn’t exist. But for practical reasons world, God etc. becomes a necessary precondition in Kants philosophy. So in theoretical sense he says he can’t say they actually exist or not but says they are preconditions for practical reasons.
What happens when the categories of the mind are applied to the categories of the mind? Is that what gives rise to our sense of metaphysical reality in constview or in any other philosophers view?
Kant was absolutely right in the transcendental aesthetic. The two-capacitor paradox proves it in time, Gabriel's horn proves it in space - you cannot have enough paint to paint the surface area but can have enough to fill its internal volume, so you could pour out the paint and have half the surface area covered. It doesn't have the implications people believe and is widely misunderstood. It doesn't make Kant a solipsist. He proves the Berklian view as absurd and apparently does the same thing with Leibniz, I don't quite understand the proof against Leibniz, but the case is clear but not conclusive IMO. Reading Allison clarifies Kant, although many books on the deduction are excellent. I wonder if there is anything post-Kantian on the philosophy of mind that is as good?. I wonder if there is such a thing as an honest academic - Kant has enemies and is hated. The category of quality has been a hard point for me. Comments?
Isn’t the question that Kant hasn’t maybe asked, how can he know this? His experience is one of growing in a place where he had these concepts given to him as he grew up. They were implanted in him, albeit unknowingly, as he developed. Outside input was teaching him things that he assumes are a priori. To then think that this knowledge is a priori he would need to study someone who hadn’t ever had human contact or any external feeding of information. Our experience conforms to the objects and our a priori knowledge isn’t a priori, it’s learnt. Instinct is a different value to understanding
The last half of his 3rd belongs at the end of his 1st.
How did Helen Keller’s synthetic apriori intuition inform her about the objects of experience?
Is saying an object will reflect light, or vibrations, sound waves etc a kind of a-priori knowledge of the thing itself?
19:25 using modal symbology: P1) P -> q P2) p C1) q +++++ Proof A1) ¬q; Assume C1 is false. P3) P; P2, Axiom T P4) q; P1, MP P5) False; A1, P4 Contradiction C1) q ; A1-P5, Proof by contradiction
This lecture convinces me much philosophy is mytifying speculation. Tricks played by language, rhetoric, metaphor. Of course, some philosphy is sometimes a demystification; but way too little of it.
Enter Shopenhauer
When asked my political opinion - I start talking about a Carrot, On a Plate, On a table.
May be If there is a cause there will be effects
so good 2023 Huh kyung young Eternal milk Kerygma
Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic.
What is the relevance of this dualism you bring up?
@@ant7891 Duality leads to new laws of physics but as you can see it shows up in the metaphysics of Kant, Hegel, Plato et al. Good news is dual to bad news. Teleophilia is dual to teleophobia. The bad news is that teleophobia currently dominates thinking in physics departments hence you are not likely to hear about these new laws. Immanuel Kant talks about teleology in "The Critique of Judgment". Teleology = targets, goals, intentions, objectives, aims or target tracking. You can associate teleology with the concept of God or a divine being or ideal perfect states in physics and some people do not like this at all -- teleophobia. The laws of physics are objective with respect to all observers for instance:- The velocity of light is the same and equal for all observer -- an ideal or perfect state in physics. The laws of physics are independent of the observer's perspective or position. Objective is dual to subjective, absolute is dual to relative.
@@hyperduality2838 honestly you sound like someone on a huge dose of acid. That said, I appreciate your originality and creativity
@@ant7891 "Imagination is more important than knowledge" -- Einstein. There is also a 5th law of thermodynamics:- The conservation of duality (energy), energy is duality, duality is energy. All energy in physics is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Immanuel Kant had a mind duality and this is completely consistent with these new laws of physics! "I have awoken from my dogmatic slumbers" -- Immanuel Kant. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@@Impaled_Onion-thatsmine Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato's cat. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non-being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat. Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato. Plato was a student of Socrates so the dialectic comes from the Socratic method or dialectic. Dyads, dialectic = duality. Antinomy (duality) is two truths that contradict each other (paradox) -- Immanuel Kant. Duality is two sides of the same coin (heads, tails) -- two differing perspectives of the same thing. In physics null vectors (photons, light) are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective and perpendicularity requires at least two. Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy (light) is therefore dual. The Christian cross is built from perpendicularity -- duality. I am not too sure what you are saying so I will ignore it. Nothing wrong with my brain as once you have a deep understanding of duality you can create new laws of physics:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- Generalized duality. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Transcendental logic (concepts) is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory perception) -- Immanuel Kant. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. The philosophy of Kant et al. just reinforces the physics.
The sun will rise
21:11
This reminds me somehow of the way stereotypes shape how we perceive others. But it is weird to think we come into this world preequipped with concepts without which we couldn't make sense of the world. Let's take a chair. I know what a chair is because I was repeatedly exposed to chairs in my life and soon developed an understanding of what it is used for. This would be a realist's view. Kant would say I identify the chair and know everything about it (?) because I have a priori knowledge of it. When I see a chair for the first time in my life I will naturally sit down on it. But why do cultures without chairs not immediately understand the use of a chair? For example Aborigines before European contact. If the fixed (?) inventory of concepts is culture-specific, then is it impossible for Aborigines to acquire knowledge about the use and design of a chair? Clearly not, but how does Kant explain creative processes that make necessary the acquisition of new concepts?
according to metaphysics he might be right
If Kant doesn't blow your mind you do not understand what he states.
I’m not saying that he’s right but for me revelation came from an AI researcher’s answer to the question "How do you think outside Reality looks like?". He said something along the lines of "Reality doesn’t look like anything because ‘looking like something’ is a property of the internal models that the various conscious agents have of the outside world. Only internal models look like something. There’s no clear naked direct way to perceive reality; any perceiving (by its very definition) happens indirectly through a representation". Off course i have problems getting used to this, it brakes our naive but enchanted view of the world.
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
In conclusion ,Emmanuel kan't ,but at least Emanuel tried
Quantum mechanics
I understand nada....
The Universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. Neil deGrasse Tyson
And yet he presupposes regularity in order to apply scientific hypotheses. Obviously the universe doesn’t have obligations, that doesn’t mean that you can just throw out fun anti-intellectual quotes that can only be meaningfully applied to the end of ceasing the quest for knowledge.
Kant is a bad philosophy.
The problem with this guy is that he has his own philosophical vocabulary. He doesn’t take the text as it presents itself. Instead he has a style of argument that he imposes in the text. So if you try to read the texts he’s talking about, you would have no idea. Because this guy thinks he’s smart, and he is, but he won’t help you learn about all the philosophers he’s talking about.
All do respect, you can always just read Kant’s work, or read along with a readers guide. Professor Bonevac is lecturing us (for free, mind you) as he would his students. But its not as if he’s assigning us homework and is free to contact to clear up questions in person or by email. If you want to learn this material you’ll have to grapple with it (as you do in the classroom, through homework, outside reading , etc.) I’d say this is a great primer on Kant, and again, it’s free! And considering any ole’ schmuck can upload a KZhead video, and Professor Bonevac has actually been teaching this material for years, I’d say it’s one of the better primers you’re going to get.
He’s an incredibly well-respected college professor who’s letting you watch his lectures for free. He’s made this easily digestible and he’s not assuming you’re completely ignorant since this probably comes at the midpoint of the semester, so don’t complain about your own ignorance going in.
Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is based, but I didn't like your mocking of Christ our Lord. It's made me think you are blinded by your arrogance. These human "philosophical problems" are mostly futile because they are based on simple questions with simple answers which are overcomplicated. Focusing the mind on anything but the utmost truth is stupidity. Kant had great points toward understanding the issue of philosophy and the way we view the way our minds work, but he also argued against atheism. I myself will not conform to the weakness of the futile philosophies and elementary principles of man, but will aim toward the strength that is transcending the darkness toward the completeness of the light of Christ. The truth is in Christ alone. Service to God is the only thing worth time, all else is futile!
I’m not sure what I said that you interpreted as mockery. I certainly intended no such thing.
@@PhiloofAlexandria In that case I apologize for my misunderstanding.
Great comment
Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
@@PhiloofAlexandria Duality: two sides of the same coin (Heads is dual to tails). Transcendental idealism is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory) -- Immanuel Kant. Questions are dual to answers. Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Deductive inference (a priori) is dual to inductive inference (a posteriori) -- Immanuel Kant. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Randomness (entropy, chance, uncertainty) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability, certainty) -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Energy is duality, duality is energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Hegel's cat: Alive (thesis, being) is dual to not alive (anti-thesis, non-being) -- Schrodinger's or Plato's cat. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "The Force" = duality -- The Yoda Metaphysic. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.