Why Were Things So Terrible In the 17th Century - General Crisis Theory
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Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on early modern history and economic history continue with a video on the general crisis theory, as we try to deduce why the 17th century events were so terrible and why so many wars, rebellions, and upheavals happened in this period
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#Documentary #EarlyModern #GeneralCrisis
Somebody on twitter said that history lovers don't enjoy historiography. We think better of you and want to prove them wrong, so your shares, likes, and comments would be appreciated. :-)
🦅
You should upload videos on Mughal conquest of India and how they became richest in the world
When are you going to do a video about the South America war of independence in which Venezuela liberated Colombia , Ecuador , peru and Bolivia ???? What are waiting for ???
When will season 3 of the early muslim conquests come out ?
Because of the 'Little Ice Age Big Chill' Maunder grand solar minimum.
*The XVII Century* - One of the bloodiest centuries in history, full of religious conflict, political strife, and revolutions. A century of total war. *Total War franchise and CA* - Nah, let's skip that one.
Yeah... I'm disappointed with that too. Mediaeval TW ends too early and then Empire starts 200 odd years later.
A video game in the style of the Total War franchise based on the By Fire and Sword tabletop wargame would be awesome.
Honestly, I thought about that, but the period is very, very complex
They will probably do it in the future especially with A.I.s helping with the coding and perhaps roleplaying in the game rather than the typical highly efficient min/max super efficient A.I. player
There's a 30 year war mod for Medieval 2 TW
It should be noted that the witch-hunting of the 17th century was largely unprecedented. While pop culture associates witch-hunting with the middle ages, it was actually quite rare then.
Just like witches in Medieval II Total War.
Yeah it’s not hard to make the connection between widespread stress and this sort of behaviour
The publication of James i of England's "Daemonologie" in 1597 was the major catalyst . Crazy Puritanical nonsense from a monarch obsessed by witchcraft and demons.
The witchcraft panic started earlier than the 17th century, starting gradually in the 15th century, and peaking in the 17th.
Also it was the most severe in protestant countries
The collapse of the Ming dynasty is also partly blamed on Spanish silver, bc much of it flowed to china, where silver was the main currency. It led to massive inflation, and also caused major social problems bc the ming only accepted silver in taxes, but paid workers in copper cash. "Understanding imperial China" on Wondrium/great courses goes into it a great deal.
This is a fact vert few people know about.
How could anyone pay taxes if they had no silver and were never allowed to have it?
@Marcelo Henrique Soares da Silva Except that the Ming was an indigenous Chinese dynasty while the dynasty that replaced it was actually not Chinese at all but Manchurian. China was conquered in large part due to the economic decay the Ming dynasty suffered. Other contributing factors were natural disasters that undermined the Ming's mandate of heaven and the Ming's mistreatment of its generals that swung to the Manchurian side. The Ming were arguably developing a proto-capitalist society and had a large middle class. All that went to ruin and Chinese history was forever changed. Ironically, the Spanish Empire would also fall in large part due to its economic problems from the silver trade. And Spain also fell to a foreign power: the French Bourbon dynasty. This was the first modern international trade network and it resulted in the fall of twin empires.
@@superpowerdragon Manchu at the time was absolutely not Chinese. In modern China, yes, they are Chinese nationals. But it was a distinct ethnic group which has now assimilated. Also, being a citizen does not mean you share the same ethnic group. It's a designation by the state. The Manchus invaded and conquered China, just as the Mongols had, and throughout the Qing Dynasty Manchu and Chinese fell under different jurisdictions of law and lived in different urban quarters. The overthrow of the Qing Dynasty was the overthrow of foreign rule as well as the traditional form of Chinese government, whether it be wielded by indigenous Chinese rules or by foreign invaders.
@@EmisoraRadioPatio I used the phrase "partly blamed" for a reason...
As a young boy and in high school I wanted to be a history teacher. But in 1965 being a poor kid and the Vietnam war changed my life. I have mountains of history book's, but king and generals is wonderful!!! Thanks!!
what did you end up doing?
Similar, if a little younger, family expected me to go into the steelworks meat grinder that killed half of them at an early age University was never a realistic option then, though I was able to go there later My time voluntarily wearing green was considerably more relaxed, barring some unpleasantly tense days in N Ireland A bunch of jobs from retail to junior manager had taught me by then that my love of history did not translate readily into teaching, especially in the schools I had experienced where hardly anyone gave a fuck, as long as you came out with basic reading, writing and maths Heavy industry locally had little use for academics (people who read a lot were likely to be union troublemakers) and you could get well paid jobs shovelling shit in hazardous conditions - so long as your health lasted But I can never thank enough that one really good history teacher who taught that context mattered and that causes were more interesting than dry dates Thanks to her I can now confidently discuss many periods, yet be certain I will always have more to learn
@@devvv4616 my girlfriend got pregnant when I graduated high school. We got married, at 19 I had two kids, went to work as a machinist, then construction for 40 yrs built log homes in Idaho, then commercial buildings office building and schools. Made good money but I would always find people like me. WW2 was one thing I was very good at and ancient history the internet is wonderful!!
@@WilmerCook Bruce Springsteen should write a song about you.
H. Fenton Mudd - Two of the greatest injustices that have long plagued the world: young men sent to fight old men’s wars and money being wasted on the rich...As an archaeologist, I commend you on your lifelong passion for history, my friend. I agree; “Kings and Generals” is awesome! Greetings from Delphi, Greece.
This channel is giving me answers to questions I didn’t know I had yet haha
Stay curious
Same did not even think about this
@Salvatore Martialis It is true it is a channel that has learned a lot about history.
100%
I think deep down we all know why there was such a crisis in the 17th century.. aliens.
Everyone else: crisis. The Dutch: let's make some money
Local Indonesian kings : *chuckles* i'm in danger
Rule or acquisition 162 even in the worst of times someone turns a profit.
Thats just the dutch specialities making money from other's suffering, take example of the boers who established apartheid in South Africa for example. Unfortunately they have not been famous for being flexible led to their decline
@@stefanodadamo6809 and funnily enough, they succeeded
@@stefanodadamo6809 It was bad when the Spanish were fighting the Dutch, but now that they betrayed us with their “Triple Alliance” they must be destroyed!
In 1620 the Boshporus completely froze off due to extreme weather. This was a big deal, becuase most of Constantinople's food was transported by sea. As a result, no food could arrive in the Ottoman capital, causing famine.
But as always he did not mention any ottoman thingies, nor there is no even tiny placement on time label for ottomans. They love ignore and vilify ottomans. Classic kng. European countries invade a state:liberated Ottomans invade a state: murdered, massacred, perished, tortured exc. They do a great job, but you know honest people hates theese types of hypocrites. Kng is a perfect example for it.
@@andyc9902 LOL, whose god?
@@CosmicValkyrie the spitefulness i harbor leads me to believe he's referring to the Greek orthodoxy version of God's wrath.
@@Brandon-bc1fz lol still playing with gods and dolls.
@@CosmicValkyrie the one that founded the city
K&G: "In the grim-darkness of the 17th century...there is only war."
Total War...
So basically the Empire from Warhammer Fantasy.
*We are One starts to play in the background*
Well, you alr got the Ecclesiarchy & mass witch hunts for Chaos Cults💀
Dang, I had never heard of the General Crisis. I knew of all the individual events, but never thought of them together. It's an eye opener.
This KZhead channel is like an encyclopedia of world history and really helps you to expand your knowledge.
@@marneus It certainly has to do with the fact that climate change is the main factor influencing the crises that humanity has gone through in general.
Because it is just one of many theorie/hypothese/speculation (which is mentioned in the end of the video). Which are triggered by the fact that now we are forseeing that the climatchange could trigger something interesting, so learn AR15 basics if you are an american, and its straightpull version if you are from the UK lol
@@beepboop204 it is still a speculation, as well as a transition from "feodalism" to "capitalism" (Not to remembering a transition from "antiquity/slaveowning" to "feodalism"). Huns/Xungu as well as transformations in xvi-xix centuries (chose your favorite span) could habe nothing or almost to do with climat (btw not a fact that to 2030/50 anything major will happen, and I am not sure it will ever be 0% CO2 emission). But sure when you have a hammer in your hand all problems are looking like nails.
That’s because it is generally regarded as a lazy theory. It was even pointed out in the video that events such as the “little ice age” was a common underlying factor that exacerbated existing grievances related to human activities in any specific location. But it’s often cited as the main catalyst, changing the perception dramatically. This leads to all encompassing theories that really have little value academically. It’s easy to take any “chunk” of history and portray it two different ways. One of barbaric subsistence and bare survival, and another of culture and human achievement. Both occurred in parallel throughout most of human history. The 17th century gave rise to Newton, Galileo, Pascal, Lippershey and many others. Great strides were made in science, mathematics and astrology became largely replaced by astronomy.
In The Netherlands we dutch call it “The Golden Age” as the dutch took over spice trade from the Porugese after our independence.
the spice trade never belonged to Portugal(fully) in the first place part of it was controlled by the Ottoman empire
@@ahnafahmed4951 After Ottoman Empire, Portugal took the spice trade. Made it very difficult for the Ottoman Empire. Indeed they were competitors but in the end the Portugese were the superior.
@@brunolima7402 Kings and generals made a documentary on it and it showed that the ottomans did not lose fully and a large part of the spice trade was controlled by Portugal but some parts were controlled by the ottoman like from the African horn to Alexandria and oman to Yemen. I will agree Portugal was the superior but the ottoman also were pretty in it.
@@lb5560 Kings and generals made a documentary on it and it showed that the ottomans did not lose fully and a large part of the spice trade was controlled by Portugal but some parts were controlled by the ottoman like from the African horn to Alexandria and oman to Yemen. I will agree Portugal was the superior but the ottoman also were pretty in it.
@@brunolima7402 Well.. I meant the leading country benefiting from the spice trade. Even though the Dutch took over a lot of valuable trading posts from the Portugese, the Portugese were not entirely replaced by the Dutch. The Portugese just turned weaker in the European league.
Ironically, the XVII century is called the Golden Century (Siglo de Oro) in Spain due to the astonishing artworks which were done during that century.
That was basically the only positive thing for Spain in that century
@@5thMilitia lol
@Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk , the point is that if you check out at 9:18 Thomas Hobbes's quote, you shall see the different mindset. While the British were saying that there was no place for anything aside from surviving in a really pessimistic way, even though they dealt better with the XVII century events, in Spain there was place for superior creations of the human being, even though the country only had 3 years of peace and the population decreased drastically.
@@alejandrop.s.3942 Because of crown patronage. For most of the Spaniards I doubt that it was much different than for the English.
Well, I think that it would be better to call it the golden 150 years, because the period of great artists lasted that span of time (from the early 16th to the mid 17th centuries). By the way, it is not coincidence that this period matchs the years of Spain as the most poserfull state of Europe. Even with all the riches of the New World Spain was bankrupted and the arts sudenly stoped after all the wars of this period: 30 years war, the Dutch revolt, de Portuguese restoration war, the Catalan revolt and the hispano-french war ( all of them fought at the same time which is quite impresive).
As a historian myself, I‘m very happy on how carefully you show the arguments for and against such general theories. There‘s no doubt that scholars have some reasonable arguments for the theories they are proposing (and worked on for years) but ultimately it is the view of a modern society on ages long gone. Views change as well as does society, which is why discussions about and reflection on proposed theories are incredibly important. In short: Thank you for putting things into context. History is always viewed through a lense which one has to be aware of…
So, basically, the sun went on strike and volcanoes' sindicate joined?
In pre-Islamic times, women were socially despised and humiliated... They were treated worse than a slave girl. Even if someone gave birth to a daughter, burying her alive was a common thing in those days.. Islam has come and given respect to women.. Gave them back their lost rights.. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, "Your paradise is under your mother's feet.(one must respect her mother) " In another hadith, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Said, "Who has three daughters or three sisters or two daughters or two sisters; And he nurtures them properly and works for them (in his heart) fearing Allah; In return, he will reach Paradise forever. "'(Tirmidhi) Prophet Muhammad (SAW)said, " Whoever has three daughters will bear the hardships of raising them and provide for them according to his ability; On the Day of Resurrection, that girl child will be an obstacle for her on the way to Hell. '(Ibn Majah) Violence against the girl child decreases somewhat after the exhortation; Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) declared, ‘I urge you to be kind to women. You accept my instruction. '(Bukhari) Women's education in Islam Regarding teaching women, the Holy Qur'an says, "Treat them (women) well and teach them to behave well." (Surah 4 Nisa, verse 19). Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) declared, ‘Whoever has a daughter, if he does not despise and neglect her (in all matters, including education) and does not give precedence to the son over her; Allah Ta'ala will admit him to Paradise. ' He added, "You give good advice to women (educate them in good education)." Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, ‘Learning (acquiring knowledge) is an obligation (duty) on every Muslim man and woman.’ (Ummus Sahihain, Ibn Majah Sharif). Therefore, the number of hadiths narrated from Hazrat Aisha (ra) among the books of hadith is 2,210, which is the second highest among all the Companions. Islam has given that status to women as mothers Hazrat Abu Huraira narrated that once a man came to the court of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and asked, "Who is more deserving of my benefit?" Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, ‘Your mother’. The man asked, then who? He replied ‘Your mother’. The man asked again, then who? This time too he replied ‘your mother’. (Bukhari). Needless to say, no Nothing in the world has given so much respect and dignity to women before Islam or like Islam.. A muslim Woman can get education from schools, colleges and universities and even she can do job or higher studies. But there is one condition that she has to maintain the veil of her body completely(for both married or unmarried woman)(but an married woman must take permission from her husband) (ie- muslim women have to follow all the orders of Allah and prophet Muhammad (SAW) in this regard)..But if she violates Allah's order then Allah will send her to the Hell. Explanation -By maintaining the veil of body completely a woman saves another woman's marriage. Imagine a married man is walking with his wife in the path.Suddenly he watches a girl(who does not cover her body-ie-what the western women do actually). He starts liking that girl more than his wife..And he can't control himself..Do u know what happens next actually..That married make illegal relationship with that girl and after some days start dating and the final result is the girl becomes rapped..Then think how will that man's married wife will feel...After knowing all this things that legal wife will give divorce to that man...And that ugly girl is responsible for all this things...Maybe u can now think that why will that man do that?Answer-Allah has created both men and women in that way so they have attraction to each other...So if the women think that they are modern they should follow Allah's order(maintain the veil of her body completely)(so that they don't have to be the cause of legal man and woman's divorce)..So as a result man(both married and unmarried) will not look at the woman(maintaining the veil of her body completely with a bad intention or attraction). And man also should be careful.They should give time to their legal wife and love them not to any girlfriend. Maybe Allah will help them if they don't violate the order of Allah and prophet Muhammad (SAW)
@@thebelieverbangla4353 tell that to the women of Afganistan.
@@jlvfr agree
@@thebelieverbangla4353 stop the propaganda. Islam oppresses women. Islam mutilates women. Islam hates women and always has. Your so called prophet NPBUH married a 6 year old.
It was not only the problem of volcanoes but also the fact that class division in European societies was deep and this led to the instigation of numerous revolts that led to famine and disease.
I like How you guys are covering actual historical theories instead of "Look at these ww2 tanks/this random dude who did something cool" for the millionth time.
Seconded. When I was in college years ago we jokingly called the History Channel "The WW2 Channel" and unfortunately KZhead has the same issue...gotta go where the clicks are I guess...
If you want contemporary content of a similar vein I'd definitely suggest "whatifalthist," he has a lot of good stuff on secular cycles and malthusian limit theories.
@@BlessedAreTheCheesemakers People also called it the 'Hitler Channel' XD
@@igloo.550 "UP NEXT ON SECRET WEAPONS OF THE NAZI REGIME...AND STAY TUNED FOR SECRETS OF THE SS, FOLLOWED BY HITLER'S SUPERSTRUCTURES"
@@BlessedAreTheCheesemakers Thank God Ancient Aliens replaced it...
I am a historian, lecturer at the University. The topic is interesting. Excellent analysis. Thanks, KnG, keep going
Can I apply to be a student at the university u work for?
@Hyper Borean NO, I don't teach communist history. I teach the history of the East and I have adequate ideas about the history of civilization
@@brandonlee9624 In principle, you can, but I do not know the technical side
@Hyper Borean I’m chums with a historian who is in no doubt that communism was a vile ideology.
@Hyper Borean but I should say- he doesn’t teach at uni, he got his doctorate and left partly because he couldn’t stand the left wing ideological bent of his colleagues, here in Scotland.
In France, this century is called "the great century" because of the rise in power of the country. Despite some few troubles, this century is mainly peaceful inside the borders of the country
So France and Norway were on the come up while everyone else was trying to stay afloat.
@@geordiejones5618 i didn't know about norway, but yeah, probably
@@Fatherofheroesandheroines well i learned french history as well as i watched this video. The reign of the bourbon kings is considered as one of the most stable era of french history. despite the fronde and other events, there is nothing comparable to other countries
It isn't really a great century for the French tho. There were in fact civil wars like the Fronde, a lot of international wars and 10% of the population died in 1694 due to a famine
@@geordiejones5618 The Dutch were experiencing a golden age so I would add them and delete France
I truly appreciate this kind of approach to history (Inquiry of social context through philosophy, religion and politics) instead of depicting battles. This kind of history is way more engaging and interesting. More of this content would be great!
Check out the Annales School of historians, and many others, if you like that kind of history!
Check out critical theory and the Frankfurt School of thought. That in which should not be mistaken for “critical race theory”. A concept popularized in liberal American academics in the 1970’s.
Totally agree with your opinion. I also like this kind of story.
I love it too. But , I also enjoy breaking down the battles as well.
It would be good if historiography wasn’t such a toxic, stifling environment. History is one of those areas in which a ruling elite is most keen to shape, to provide the justification for their rule and right to rule, their ideas, and their policies. Therefore, the taboos and norms they create pervade historiography and prevent any true enquiry or independent thought. It’s depressing.
Love the Empire Total War music, I will never forget it
So this is where Paradox got the "Comet Sighted" event for EU IV
No, this is what the event "coldest period of the little ice age" (which always fires in the 1640s) attempts to represent
I lost 1 stability reading this
@@Dustz92 Yeah, but that really only serves to make Russia more money from all their fur :)
These sorts of videos where you look at different historical topics from different academic perspectives are amazing and also give loads of potential content
this is hands down my favourite channel at the moment, the speed that they can create content of this quality is absolutely second to none
This must have been insanely hard to research and verify across such a diverse set of countries across such a large geographic area. I will comment as a sacrifice for the yt algorithm.
@@jforozco12 that history for you lolz
I love this channel so much. This might be the most informative history video I've seen in a long time. Keep up the good work.
Before watching. There was a 100 year world wide temperature drop as shown by ice cores. Less food was grown, made it more expensive and historically, revolutions break out when 40% of household income is spent on food.
Get ready for another one soon enough!
@@MrBottlecapBill Yes.
What is the source of 40% hypothesis? I’m interested because currently most Russian households spend 40-50% on food yet there is no revolutionary situation in sight.
@@AnimusAstralis Maybe it's the communism keeping them in line?
@@AnimusAstralis That sounds about right, from talking to a Russian friend- people needing to grow food on their country allotments to survive, despite working multiple jobs :( I'm much luckier in Australia, but I do resent spending 40% of my income on rent- gotta love that housing crisis...
This channel is a treasure, long live Kings & Generals!
I see you aren`t french.
You folks do good work. This is a fun summary of a complex topic and its historiography. Thank you for never dumbing things down with monocausal explanations and for treating your audience with respect.
Great video as always! Thanks for everything you do K&G!
General Crisis, and his aide-de-camp Major Malfunction.
The 1600s were more convoluted than the game of CK2 I played with my friend last night, and that game involved Irish Lenningrad, A Bavarian civil war every couple years, and Norway putting their capital in Scotland.
You still play CK2
@@jevinliu4658 I do. It's hard to play CK3 with an integraded Intel GPU.
Sounds like a normal CK2 to me...
@@jevinliu4658 CK2 is better
@@jevinliu4658 yes. I don't have the money for CK3 and it took me a couple years just to master CK2
For a lil context from 1500-1550 Europe's population went up 9 million people. From 1550-1600 it went up 8 million people. From 1600-1650 it went *down* 4 million. Taking into account previous growth rates, that was losing something more like 12 million people.
With each new video this channel becomes more and more a favorite of mine. Keep up the great work!
Another great video. 👍 Keep up the good work. Btw, During the 17 century the river thames froze over and temperature in London plummeted to -21
Periods like this are incredibly interesting, investigating why so many of the same things are happening unrelatedly in different parts of the world. Even if you conclude that it's just coincidence, it's an interesting topic to explore.
Expect a similar situation in this century (2030-2050?)
Love your channel!! The high production value doesn't hurt either :). Keep bringing us those stories!
PLEASE, do this sort of video for every Century from AD1! As I can't be the only one who loves comparing what's going on around the World at the same time. Its fascinating.
Like how this chapter makes university education available to all interested in the subjet, great job!
The Entirety of Europe: *AAAAAAAAAAAAAA!!!!!!!!!!* The Dutch: Money Money
Exceptional!! Eyes opening!! Especially value this connection of dots.. more valuable than usual isolated stories
You have a fantastic channel mate, well done!! One of the most interesting channels I have ever come across, keep up the brilliant work!
A truly fascinating time with vast implications even for today. I need to read more about the climatological forces behind these events. This isn't new information for me, but I want to know more.
Thank you so much for this new perspective. I agree with the theory that the Little Ice Age, while not the main cause, was a common factor, that in the end exacerbated all other grievances
The quality of these videos is amazing... So much art!
Another amazingly well designed and narrated video, good work🙋♂️
At least the year 536 AD wasn’t in the 17th century lol
At least 2020-2021 wasn’t in the 17th century.
2023/2024 will be darkness and woes Seek the Light in 2027
@@Tsumami__ that sniffle thing wouldnt have caused a shrug in the 17th century
@@MichiMind Yeah the hyperinflation going on now will have us very screwed by then if we dont take action.
@@gm2407 We are not experiencing hyperinflation though, that's just your confirmation bias.
Peter Turchin’s “War and Peace and War” gets into more depth and detail about the cyclical nature of human societies. He covers a lot of the same content in the video. Great job
We are prob heading towards another, Wealth is concentrated at the top, endemic political corruption, climate change starting, a pandemic etc etc
Thank you for offering such a wide perspective of history! keep it up!
I love most of your video, if not all. But I think this is one of the most compelling and intriguing you’ve ever made. Thank you!
9:39 "And the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Thomas Hobbes. Also Thomas Hobbes, lives into his 90's:).
Part of the upper class. Never had to serve and protected by the Crown. A tiny bit of luck plus oodles of power will get you a long life.
To be fair, Hobbes was trying to make a philosophical point about the lives of early humans in their natural state when he wrote the "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" line, rather than making a comment about life in the 17th century. In Hobbes view, early humans lived solitary, miserable lives more akin to those of animals. He thought that the only way to prevent a slide towards humanity's 'natural' & 'brutish' state of being was through a strong authoritative state that was capable of enforcing law and order and to mete out strict punishment for wrongdoings. His view is the opposite of Rousseau's as he thought that humans were naturally good rather than evil.
Was Thomas Hobbes short, too?
He was rich and the “social contract” thus treated him well.
Does this mean that we should worry about the current active volcano in La Palma or...?
Not at the moment, I think
There are more dangerous volcanoes around to worry about imo
Americans: *glance around nervously, thinking about yellowstone*
Indonesian: nervous sweating about plenty of Volcano.,.
Relative, a volcano may slow the temperature rise.
A very thought-provoking video. Thanks for your work. It is much appreciated.
I think this is my favorite video on this channel yet. Well done!
Great video!
It's fascinating to see how history can be interpreted by a certain side as I see comments from those in France and Spain (to name a few I saw the most) but told growing up that this was a golden era for their repective countries/monarchies.
The best history channel on KZhead. Thank you very much for informing us of the realities of the world. I watched it for 20 minutes without getting bored for a single minute.
just when I think it isn't possible, these videos just get better and better. Keep it up N + P
We didn't talk about Africa too much in this video, or the post-Columbian conflicts that occured in the Americas. It be interesting to see how this theory could be expanded to the Western Hemisphere and Africa
Maybe we simply have no sources of notable events in africa at the time? They didnt have much in the way of written reccords down there throughout most of history.
On Brazil that time is know by the high points of expeditions called "bandeiras". They are infamous for hugely expanding brazilian border, by hugely creating cities and by the massacres and slaving that they did to indigenous population on the country. The greatest "bandeirante" from them all, Antônio Raposo Tavares is like the Francisco Pizarro from Brazil. Also 17 century saw the first spikes and consolidation of the atlantic slave trade...
This period so the expansion of the West African slave trade and the destruction of a lot of the authority that the old rulers had as capital & weapons began to drop into the hands of Rebels and pretenders. Art saw a massive shift as new patron systems shifted from traditional art to commercial. A series of wars and slave raids in the west.
East Africa began a slow decline as the Portuguese took over trade and destroyed the old advantage of the region in trade.
@John Barber racist much? Follow the theory...if the point of the theory is to call the 17th century a "General Crisis", was this also happening in Africa and the Americas
It's amazing how much this channel improved since it's old videos. Awesome job guys
This is your best work yet! Awesome!
This kinda ties into the Strauss-Howe fourth Turnings where every 80-100 years there's always some sort of major crisis which starts with a high, Awakening and Unraveling and finally a crisis. It's pretty interesting concept
As in 17th century, there were most of parts in Southeastern Asian in waging war among the European colonial powers such as Dutch, Great Britain, Spain, Ottoman Empire and Portugal gaining influence in the East Indies various kingdoms and sultanates. Eventually, the Dutch, Great Britain and the Spain hold most territory there and managed to expand until 20th Century before decolonization occured.
Yes. In Indonesia most powerfull sultanates in that century, Mataram Sultanate waging war to Dutch until depleted their population and resources
Thank you so much guys! This was one of the most amazing videos you ever posted! Fantastic and all rounded narration, keep up the excellent work! P.S.: Your byzantine videos are truly masterpieces as a greek I love them, your unbiased views are a cathedral of knowledge. Here, I said it!
Such a beautiful way to learn about critical history!! Keep it up K&G!!!!
Really fascinating. Didnt know such a hypothesis existed before. Thanks K&G
I mean, the sun stopping to work as expected and volcanos erupting all over the world and blocking out the sun kinda sounds like the wrath of God.
Pick any century and you can always find some kind of crisis or the other in any place all over the world. 100 years is a long time period and during this time period you can definitely find some crisis happening anywhere.
1815 to 1914 was a pretty stable period. Not utopia, but certainly not an age of crisis.
@@michaels4255 boer war, zulu wars, then russia vs japan, then war in ukraine by major european powers. Some native people in any of the many colonies of european countries fighting against Colonialism. Etc. Etc. Don't think eurocentric but globally.
And I will agree with your assertion but your view point is Eurocentric and I am taking at Global level. If i dig deep during the time period you mentioned i will certainly find crisis in many places over the world say for example Asia, Africa or America. Why the way during 1st-2nd century AD, Rome killed its many emperor. And during 6th century AD, Rome was divided into chunks by Barbarians which then continued to fight with each other until getting stable around 7th century AD. I am taking will an estimated guess. I don't know exact time but these events did happened during this period.
@@HUMShaBaK I am thinking globally. Sure, every century has wars taking place here and there, but look at the scale and the generalized trauma of those wars. Except of the long anticipated "Civil" War in the young United States, wars between 1815 and 1914 tended to be fairly "ordinary" wars where some soldiers and sometimes sailors got killed, but for most people life went on pretty much as usual.
Nice video …the economic , climactic , technological , and demographic factors are interesting forces that has shaped our society …I would like to see more videos like this
Another brilliant doc by K& G . We always know it take lot of time and hard work to make these videos. Love and appreciation from Sri Lanka.
Its funny how the more videos y'all make, the more i need a new Empire:total war, starting from 1600 to 1800
Before watching the video I'm gonna throw out a theory: the population had dramatically increased since the middle ages yet the systems on which these countries were ruled with were still from those times
that was actually around the time of the black death
@@toddberkely6791 The 17th century began 250 years after the black death ended...
@@nationaliseeverything7831 The black death happened again in London just before the great fire of 1666.
Always look forward to a new video!
Thanks for the video!
I really love the use of the 'Empire Total War' theme song. brilliant actually haha
Documentary in the year 3021: "......but how did a man eating a bat in china, lead to a toilet paper shortage on the other side of the world? Let's start by looking at events in....."
wasnt a bat, it came from a goddamn lab.
@@mr.x3933 Must be fun to be an idiot
@@2yoyoyo1Unplugged must be fun being the boot licking cattle who believe everything fed to them by the oh so honest mainstream media.
@@robdee81 Sure, I'm the cattle. Me, the guy who _doesn't_ believe conspiracy theories from sources that are impossible to trace or confirm just because the echo chambers tell me to drink the kool-aid. I'm sure the previous iterations of COVID that have existed for centuries now are also made in a lab, and while we're at it, so was the common cold and smallpox. How do I know this? Because I said so. That's apparently all the proof I need. You wanna know who is more likely to be the sheep here? Probably the guy who spends his time coming up with and disseminating false information, thus buying actual threats to people and society at large all the time they need to grab more power. Mainstream media has nothing to do with science. I haven't watched the news in YEARS. I just also don't partake in Qanon-level idiocy.
@Metal Rulez III okay, so they checked the markets and found no bats, yet no investigations are allowed? So in other words you’re talking Chinese authorities at their word? Plus, no duh they’re not finding any bats _now._ Why the hell would they not get the disease carriers out of their markets? Bats are rodents. They carry disease. You can’t even articulate a point correctly. Is English not your first language? Looks like you’re the one under a rock, sir.
Great explanation of 17th century shenanigans! Please do more!
Nice effort guys, you even got a good result in this and many past videos. You are still under university level, yet you try again and again to conquer that level and I am suprise, by your quality. You might try to put theses of these historians into context of their time and methods, but anyway, keep going!
"The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society" by Brad Gregory does a commendable job explaining the turmoil of the 17th century.
See also The Weirdest People Inbthe World.
Seeing how long the War of Dutch Independence lasted I’d love a video or two about that... ☺️
It's also called the 80 years war. Not as long as the 100-year war.
@@Turnil321 And it had overlap with the 30 Years' War
Extremely interesting video! Thank you. You have gained a subscriber! Liked, saved, commented and shared!
As always, fantastic video
Funny as a dutchman i have been told from school that the 17th century is "the golden age" gg no re lads
@@TheMrcassina for the rich class
@@TheMrcassina While there was definitely an increase in the Atlantic slave trade during the 17th century, it mostly rose in the 18th century. The Dutch definitely participated in the slave trade, but really were not nearly as important in it as the British and especially the Portuguese.
@@TheMrcassina The Dutch only participated in the final decades of their Golden Age. And it was mostly a financial failure. Slavery is an inherently feudal practice and it was a relapse on the capitalism that made them filthy rich. Short time greed won from ethics eventually.
You left out one important factor: plague. The Late 16th, Early 17th Century was when Montezuma's Revenge (syphilis) started galloping across Europe. Spain and Italy were hit particularly hard from it. The Renaissance was rolled back by The Inquisition.
What? The Renaissance rolled back? Total bupkis. The Romans continued to be deified for the next few hundred years, and this Renaissance Roman fanboyism is what caused the rise of Absolutism and Despotism in Europe over the previous Feudal decentralisation. Blaming the Inquisition for retarding "progress" is pure Black Legend propaganda, a complete falsehood.
Renaissance wasn’t rolled back by the inquisition (and no historian has ever claimed this so I don’t know where you’re getting this from). The renaissance was considered to have come to an end after the sack of Rome by the soldiers of Charles V. *The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of the city on 6 May 1527 by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor during the War of the League of Cognac. Rioting over unpaid salaries, the German Landsknechts, many of whom were of Protestant faith, together with Spanish soldiers and Italian mercenaries, entered the city of Rome and immediately began looting, slaying and holding citizens for ransom. Often cited as the end of the Italian High Renaissance, the Sack of Rome impacted the histories of Europe, Italy, and Christianity, creating lasting ripple effects throughout European culture and politics. The Sack had major repercussions for Italian society and culture, and in particular, for Rome. Rome, which had been a center of Italian High Renaissance culture and patronage before the Sack, suffered depopulation and economic collapse, causing artists and thinkers to scatter.*
Not just wars, but general situations like this, bravo!
There's a problem with this thesis though. The crisis actually began in the late 16th century for some of these countries. The Ottoman Empire actually suffered a crisis precipitated as early as the 1570s, in part because of a succession crisis generated by internal politics that led to a breakdown in internal unity, principally a longstanding feud between the Sultanate and the Janissary Corps. This was followed in the 1580s by a currency crisis and massive inflation related to a flood of cheap Spanish silver from Bolivia, overpopulation in rural areas, endemic drought in the lead up to the Little Ice Age, and the bone headed economic policies of Sultan Mehmed III (reigned 1594-1603) which included an onerous system of tax farming. These conditions led to the worst unrest in Ottoman history, the Jelali Revolts (1596-1606) which saw major cities in Anatolia essentially break away from Ottoman control. However the Ottomans had advantages over the Romans (as these crises were highly reminiscent of their 3rd century Crisis). For one there was no question over succession. The monarchy WAS the Ottoman dynasty: the succession crisis aforementioned was actually between rival bureaucratic factions backing rival sons of Suleiman the Great. There would be no equivalent of Roman civil wars between rival claimants, no Year of the Four Sultans. Following the death of Mehmed III and the accession of his son Achmed I (reigned 1603-1618), the practice of sultans having hordes of sons (the majority of whom would be executed upon their father's death by the eldest succeeding son) in favor of smaller families and fewer wives. Succession law was also amended so that in the absence of a son at majority age, succession would pass from a late Sultan to his eldest brother instead. In this case it would be Achmed's only brother Mustapha. Another major change was the gradual end of monarchic patrinomialism in favor of a civil bureaucracy whereby the Sultanate shared power in triumvirate with both secular and religious authority. The civil service was dominated by the Grand Vizier, a post combining prime minister, chief finance minister and commander of the Ottoman military. Beneath him were other powerful figures like the Admiral of the Navy and the Chief Black Eunich (essentially the head of administration). Religious authority was headed by the Shaykh al-Islam, or Grand Mufti of Constantinople, who had control of both religious administration and religious courts. This embedding of civil and religious authority directly led to the execution of Sultan Osman II in 1622. Osman II had led personally a military expedition against the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1620, culminating in the disastrous siege of Khotin that left 40,000 Turkish soldiers dead, mostly from disease. Osman II was arrested upon his return, and was tried for treason by the Shaykh al-Islam, and was subsequently executed. This was actually a sign of bureaucratic order rather than revolutionary fervor, although it did lead to repressive practices during the reign of Osman''s brother, Murad IV (reigned 1623-1640). The empire's economy remained tenuous until the reign of Mehmed IV (reigned 1648-1687) during whose reign the Koprulu family were Grand Viziers.
It really grinds my gears when “capitalism” is used to describe industrialism which is a completely different system from capitalism. It is really unintelligent to use them interchangeably as they are not the same thing whatsoever.
Geoffrey Parker's book: General Crisis is a must read if you want to know more about this period
This was excellent. Very educational. Please make more.
I love the channel and video really great work.
I'm just starting the video and I will most probably enjoy it a lot, but I have to point out that Eric Hobsbawm (my favorite Historian) was born in 1917, not in 1962 as appears in the video.
I thought that looked funny just because academics that young don't get recognized, generally. Takes almost that long to get tenure....
Yeah, this fits with an idea I've come to on my own, just as a history nerd. Mankind tends to experience all it's troubles at once, in a returning century of madness coupled with the rapid restructuring of our societies to deal with the situation. The most recent (in my interpretation) was WW1, WW2, & the Cold War, before that was the French Revolutionary & Napoleonic Wars, and so on all the way back to the Third Century Crisis, the Bronze Age collapse, and before.
Flawless presentation. Correct focus. Correct explanation.
Immensely interesting stuff. Good to watch on Sunday night
The century afterwards weren’t so particularly nice though.
The 18th century was relatively nice for Europe. A separation of military conflicts and civil governance arose. This allowed the population to avoid the disasters of war. The power of monarchs was also curtailed slightly. A policy of meritocratic bureaucracy was created.
Don't forget the 26th century when the damn Covenant and The Flood show up..
I mean the 20th century alone gave us 2 world wars so close after each other too.
@@minatodroger7890 and the 21st century loook like it will be the end of the world
Don’t forget about the 24th century when the swissreich colonize Jupiter
Therapist: Beardless adult Henry VIII isn't real, he can't hurt you Beardless adult Henry VIII: 3:57
Great one!
Nice video as always, can't tell if this music is from empire total war or Oblivion.
Can you do some of the War of the Spanish Succession?
''Why doesn't the seventeenth century pass the vibe check?'' - General Crisis Theory
I was curious during my university days about the number of conflicts of the 17th century but I never factored climate conditions to it. Thanks for your enlightenment. Cheers.
His channel is a goldmine by far my favourite channel in KZhead.