How Resistor Work - Unravel the Mysteries of How Resistors Work!
In this video, we're going to learn about how resistors work! We'll explore the different types of resistors, how resistors work in circuits, and how to calculate resistance.
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✅✅ Corrections:✅✅
15:14 text states "500,0000 Ω" should read "500,000 Ω" audio is correct
14:53 and 16:11 states "9V/10Ω=0.018A & 9V/500Ω=0.9A" should read "9V/10Ω=0.9A & 9V/500Ω=0.018"
17:30 text states "becasue" should read "because" audio is correct
19:44 text states "disk shapre" should read "disk shape"
21:45 audio states "cadium" should read "cadmium" text is correct
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potentiometer, electrical engineering, basic electronics, what is a resistor, resistors in series, city and guilds, potentiometer, variable resistor, power electronics, current limiting, Carbon film, carbon composite, Metal film, Potentiometer, Thermistor, RTD, LDR, Light dependant resistor, SMD, rheostat and much much more.
*This free video took weeks to make!* if it helped you and you'd like to thank or support Paul's efforts, link below: ☕ PayPal: www.paypal.me/TheEngineerinMindset Channel membership: kzhead.info/tools/k0fGHsCEzGig-rSzkfCjMw.htmljoin Patreon: www.patreon.com/theengineeringmindset
Just came across the Mandarin version of this video with an AI overdub, and hopefully I was able to spot the mug and find the official video here-great channel🌐🎉
How do you know what side to start reading the colored stripes from????
Been using resistors for 13 years in my projects but you just taught me so much more. I hope you turn this into a series and do this with all electrical components
Great video, this can help with beginners that are new to electronics. Although I have been using resister since the 1970'ss that my grandfather taught me about _early electronics_ radio valves! Even that resistor with dark brown coating looks like it's over 60 years old!
I never had a clue what the numbers on surface mounts meant. Now I have some idea how to figure out what in the heck they are.
They have already made more videos in this series, Diode, Fuse, Capacitor. Its a good series.
Heh, series
@@krossbow_ 😂
You responded 2 years to a question I had about the "physical" relationship of power, current, and resistance, in the form of this video. You even directly linked my question. Good sir, thank you. Life update: I now work in the superconducting field, so even though this knowledge is invaluable, I effectively try to achieve the OPPOSITE of this concept lol. Thanks.
It's called Ohm's law. I=U/R.
L + Ratio
Also PVC and VCR mnemonics are a handy variation on the standard V=lxR P=V/C or V=C/R
@@Happycat2789 ?
working on getting fusion working?
My electronics tech degree was 20 years ago. This was a FABULOUS refresher course! Well done! 👏👏👏
I couldn’t resist clicking on this video
Same bro
@@evanmcnamara3704same bro same cause that's some good video
Same, 1 min in n I learned more than I did in school lol
There was way too much current thoughts on my head that led me to this video
soooo.... you have a resistance of black brown silver gray? That is pretty low
For all the years I've been dealing with resistors, I never know about the spiral cut. Thanks for sharing. Great channel!
There is a book called "Open Circuits: The Inner Beauty of Electronic Components" that uncovers all the internals of electronic parts. Eye opening!
Glad it was helpful
@@Sebazzz1991 , the Curious Marc channel did a video with the creators of that book.
@@Sebazzz1991 Thank for the book's name. ;)
That spiral cut means that the inductance is higher than you would expect if you were thinking in terms of a continuous film.
I was hesitant in watching this thinking I knew everything already. I quickly found out that I had so much more to learn, and I even went back and watched portions over and over again. What can I say? I just couldn’t resist! Instant subscriber...
You have no idea how much I learned from this video. The quality of this video is truly on the other level.
This series is what I looked for desperately. Everything included to educate properly from noob to base knowledge. Cheers!
Back in the late 1970's, I put in a whole semester learning about resistors, and learned about 90 percent of that semester in this video! Plus the resistors back then were the carbon variety, unless you worked with industrial (1 percent) resistors. They were blue colored with black value numbers on them.
I went to Naval Avionics School in 1972 and all I remember working with resistors that were carbon and wire wound. I worked in a TV repair shop a few years before that at 16. We actually had some electronics classes in the high school I went to. They sure don’t teach that in high school anymore. I worked in electronics all but a few years of my work career. Worked on some cool things from oil well logging tools for 8 years and then 31 years in telecom working on digital transport all over Alaska and some overseas.
Are you sure about that? I'm pretty sure the first resisters where filament light bulbs.
i think its kind of crazy really, my professor was talking about how there used to be an entire class on just motors but now its just a sub category in one of my classes. let alone a resistor. now its kind of just a given
By far the most comprehensive video I have seen on resistors. Good Job!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@EngineeringMindset always the best
@@EngineeringMindset do u wrote any books for beginners i like to read pls suggest ur book name
I only have the multimeter tutorial book currently, see our multimeter video for links to download
Breaking everything down in bullet points and clear cut explanations is why these are fantastic educational videos, my man. I know absolutely nothing about engineering, always had a interest, and this indeed helped a lot. Keep it up brother
This is the presentation I wish I had back in high school and university. I finally get the feel of it rather than just memorizing formulas.
At first, i thought: 'this'll be another typical youtube video on how resistors resist'. after 5mins..ok..thought 'holy pie! i'm at resistor college!', then 'resistor wiki', then 'resistor university' then by 28 mins of purely well produced and explained teachings..... i said to myself... this is Resistor PHD!.. what an effin brilliant high AND low level course in resistors.. cheers Paul and team. I am walking with a bounce in my step now :)
@EngineeringMindset I was going to buy a mug or a cap... but £11 quid for a mug. £24 for a cap.. man thats mega corporations money. Nike level expense! i'll send u a fiver on paypal. u send me a sweat band or something equal to the value. deal?
Very glad to hear you like the content so much, a lot of work went into it. Literally spend 8am to 10pm for 19 days straight working on it.
I feel £11 for a custom mug is a fair price. I don't actually get the £11 because teespring produce and ship it for me. I get like ~£2-3 of that and then I have to pay tax on that so it's even less. I don't have any products as I'd need the machines to produce them, the space to store them and the time to post them and deal with returns/lost items etc so I can't send you anything but if you want to contribute towards a future video or fund a coffee as a thank you then a PayPal gift is very welcome. Can add a note for what you'd like the donation to go towards.
@@EngineeringMindset i'll send a fiver on paypal anyway as a gesture. it wont buy you anyting if mugs cost £11, but it'll help ease your electricity energy costs. i just hope you're not on a pre-payment meter.. else you are triple diddled! Thanks for the work and production effort. I dont ever want discourage your work anything but praise entirely. it is legendary! but man £11 quid, t-spring better be wearing a condom for that kind of abuse. paypal £5 incoming.
My Borg step parents always taught me that ‘resistance was futile’
mp
This comment deserves to be pinned near the top
Me actually watching TNG at this very moment, perfect. "Imaginary Friend" not a Borg episode tho
What did they teach you about impedance?
@@PablumMcDump ‘That we all will be assimilated’
This is one of the few tutorials I've seen on KZhead that does frequent memory testing of the knowledge just demonstrated.. Well done! Great content.
I've explained how resisters work to people many times in my life, but never as well as you have here in this video. Fantastic job.
I learned and worked with resistors and circuits about 22 years ago and it was never clearer. thank you for the comprehensive and clear illustrations.
This video was perfect for me (a complete layman) to get a good understanding of exactly what they do. They can be extremely simple, somewhat complex and smart, but absolutely necessary in so many cases. Side note; What a beautiful world we live in. The deeper you look at something, the more you want to find. But the more you do find, the more interesting and exciting (and often complex) it gets! There’s so many pools of knowledge and information in everything around us if you have a look. One day I’m extremely interested in a video about the engineering and evolution of a soda can, and the next it’s a resistor.
The sheer scale of production, precision, and low cost of electronic components has always amazed me
Seeing resistors working in real time provides a greater understanding of their use and design.
This is amazing! I have long understood the very basics of why to use resistors but not the details, not _how_ they work or how to read their markings. Incredibly useful information for a newcomer to electronics, thank you.
As a civil engineering student it was so great to learn how an engineer from another field make things work ; ) Kudos to you engineers!!!
This is basically a Electrical engineering video for University.
ENGINEERS OF ALL WORLD....UNITE!!
I couldn't resist stopping to watch this video
Hello Sir, What a teaching Talent you have, i went through the 200+ videos in 3 weeks, so much value, iam so grateful to you, and appreciate you effort. Wanted to ask if you could make more videos on Data Centers main components like Power distributions Units(PDUs), and unrepeatables power supply (UPSs). Hero, more people like you should be on this world.
I've had a pretty decent grasp of the mathematical theory of this all for a while now, but this was super enlightening regarding the physicality of it all. Great vid
The dissection of the resistors helped me to understand them, first time I've seen anyone do that. Thank you!
I'm not an engineer (of any description) but I found your video extremely tutorial and easy to comprehend. Thank you for being a good teacher. Greetings from Sweden 🇸🇪.
I‘ve been delving into this again and you definitely have inspired me. I went through some training in the military but now I‘ve forgotten most of that . It was not something I needed to keep up with. Thank You and keep them coming.
Being one of those people who know appallingly little about the subject, well done. That was a lot clearer than other scattergun presentations.
Best electronics channel anywhere. Thanks.
Glad you think so!
I love how u zoom in on each component, plus showing the designs are great and shows different ways to get an idea of everything. I don't have any peices yet but I'm using a simulator so trying to get used to the symbols is not easy but it'll all pay off eventually and I'll be more familiar when I get all the components
I love videos like this that don't waste any time and have so much information that I get excited and optimistic. I'm assembling a radio and guitar pedal this month and have been curious what all the parts and pieces are and do...now I know.
0:00 - Intro 0:30 - What is a resistor? 2:19 - Types of resistors 4:33 - Carbon composite 5:11 - Carbon film 6:31 - Resistance chart (4-stripes) 7:28 - Metal film 8:43 - Resistance chart (5-stripes) 9:42 - Wire wound 11:05 - Surface mount (SMD) 11:52 - SMD resistor charts 13:50 - Potentiometers 16:52 - Fusible 18:24 - Varistors 19:46 - Thermistors 21:33 - Light Dependent resistors 22:42 - Strain gauges 23:41 - Why do we use resistors?
You forgot the Whiskas catfood commercial 😂
metal film metal film metal film
👎🏿
မြန်မာဘာသာပြန် ပေပါလာ စိတ်ဝင်စားဖိုကောင်ပါတယ်
Thanks!
Love the video as usual! Would you kindly next time put the relevant table on the screen with the resistor in question so I can try to answer them without having to jump between frames, thanks!! Have a great day.
You are a very good teacher, mister. You make things very comprehensible for a layman. Thank you very much and hatts off.
Oh my science, I'm in heaven. I been looking for this for years
I believe the resistor placement doesn't matter. This is as you said because it creates sort of a barrier slowing down the flow, and it'll be slowed either before or after the LED. If it's slowed after the LED there's still that sort of "Jam" no matter what. I also believe the resistor shown has a resistance of 1200 Ohms with a tolerance of + - 2%.
Correct on the placement of the resistor in the circuit, all elements in a series circuit get the same current, no matter their position.
I had also determined 1.2k +/- 2%. Unfortunately, the color code of low tolerance type resistors is often disambiguous - that is why I always measure them to be sure...
I would use gauge invariance to argue that what is down or up flow is only a question of definitions and have no physical significance. I think this is mathematically equivalent to your explanation, even in transitive states.
I also determined 1.2k ohms. That's because when he asked the question in the video, he had the resistor one way, and then when he answered the question, he flipped the resistor for some reason. That meant we looked at the colored bands backwards. I'm not sure if there is an easy way to know which direction is the right one, but for a training video, it would have been nice to have it lined up properly.
it technically does not, but if you place it after, and the positive terminal of the LED shorts, the led is bust. while, if you put it before and it shorts, nothing happens as the negative terminal is cut off by the burnt resistor
We all need an oscilloscope tutorial vid, please!!!!
Your videos are so helpful for refreshing the basics of electronics. I’d love some videos on DC-DC converters
I couldn't resist watching this video. I was looking for a CURRENT video on these things.. now I'm all AMPED up!
Weirdly fascinating to see how everything is made!
I remember drawing the color code, inside a circle. Nice to know the numbers never changed!
This has to be the best channel I've ever discovered. I've been learning Arduino for less than a month now and your videos have helped me so so much. Thank you !
Stuff like this is what makes youtube a valuable platform! Thanks for your time bro!
The amount of effort that goes into these videos is incredible
Thank you for this video!! I build my coils for my vaping sessions and this just answered a few of my questions.
this video deserves more, good work bud
Great efforts were put into these videos, Thank u so much
Glad you like them!
Paul, please do a video on op-amps!
Paul, it's been 10 months and no Opamp video. Please, we need your knowledge!!
This is amazing. I wish I had this guide when I was first diving into electronics and repair.
It's like I was enrolled 1 month basic electronic course. Very informative and easy to learn how resistor works.
Been wondering for a while now how these things work. Now I know. Really appreciate the video, and keep up the great work :)
You forgot temperature coefficient, which is usually indicated after the tolerance band. There are a lot of applications where a low tempco is more important than a low initial tolerance. Carbon comp resistors are still relevant in high frequency applications where any stray inductance is undesirable.
One of the things that drove me crazy when making the transition to surface mount is the rather dismal tempco of common 1% SM resistors - typically ±100 ppm/K. I was used to 50 ppm with the Philips leaded resistors I generally used. If you want decent tempco in SM resitors you're into 0.1% or better tolerance (which I often did want along with low tempco). Carbon comp _are_ low inductance but they also tend to have relatively high capacitance, so you lose on one hand what you gain on the other. They are a lot more tolerant of transient overload than film types. Their excess noise (i.e. beyond Johnson noise) can be a problem. The reality is that resistors demand careful attention when you are doing demanding work. I ran across another resistor video a while back, talking specifically about 1% leaded resistors available on ebay. One commenter insisted that you should be able to make your circuits work with 10% tolerance parts. Sigh!
@@d614gakadoug9 What was the context of that other comment? Current limiting for an LED? Pull up or pull down resistors? Biasing a transistor or valve? With very few exceptions (usually frequency-dependent or high resolution current sensing, and you're likely to know _when_ you need the tighter tolerances), it's good practice to design for 10% tolerance and specify 1% resistors and 5% capacitors. The common examples listed above typically work just fine even is a resistor is 20% out.
Well, I found a new channel to sub to. Understanding electricity is on my bucket list. Somehow this method of explanation is really conducive to my ability to process and understand. In the future, I plan on watching a ton of these videos.
your explanations are so logical and easy to follow. Thanks
I'm a bit confused in the water analogy at 1:55. Technically if you cover a part of the water stream, it would go faster and shoot out further (incompressible fluid flow)
Water and electricity aren't a perfect analogy.
Your assumption is only valid if the speed of the water pre-obstruction was constant. But, on that model, if you cover the whole channel, the speed of the stream would be infinite, which is obviously impossible. So, the higher the resistance (the covering of the channel), the lower the current (the water stream after the covering), for the same voltage (the height of the water pre-covering or pressure).
Most wire-wound resistors don't use nichrome wire. Nichrome has a high TCR, so if precision is needed, manganin is used instead. With nichrome, the difference between cold and hot can be as much as 2:1. For small encased resistors, manganin is definitely the norm. Nichrome is more corrosion resistant and can operate at higher temperatures so it is a good choice when lots of power and long life are the priorities and actual resistance isn't too important. It is often used as an "open" resistor where the wire or strip is exposed to the environment. That lets the temperature go higher as nichrome is reliable up to 350°C, beyond most insulator's capability, and the thermal conduction to the air is better without a coating. The downside is corrosion will increase resistance over time, but is less of a concern in massive resistors where a little loss of thickness is less significant due to the element thickness. Nichrome is a common braking resistor for moderate sized drives where the current isn't too high. Stainless steel is also quite common, used where lower resistance is needed. For example, most rail applications use stainless steel braking resistors.
Manganin is very commonly used in "shunts" for measuring current. I used manganin wire for current sensing in some DC-DC converters back in the days when there were far few suitable off-the-shelf low value resistors than there are now. I have some braking resistors that I bought to use as test loads when I was doing power supply design. I have no idea what material they are. They are edge wound with metal about 2.5 mm thick and 12 mm wide and are about 45 cm long. They were intended for transportation use.
Man!. The must comprehensive and informative video for resistors. Than you very much. I learned a lot today.
Wow, your explanations are so logical and easy to follow.
You always make such high quality content and listening to your voice never gets tiring, you inspire me to be a better engineer with your channel content!
Thank you, very glad to hear
14:53 I think something is mixed up here. 9V / 10 Ohm = 0.9A, not 0,018A. That was the only thing that confused me, otherwise absolute great video. I am learning a lot with your explanations!
Yeah, accidentally put answer on wrong side. Correction in video description
@@EngineeringMindset Ok good.
Thank you! Wonderfully explained and well structured information delivery order. Great video!
This is amazing! I have been looking for a video. That explains components like this for quite some time. If you also have a capacitor video, I will be watching that one as well! Thank you so much, and you have gained a new follower!
A great video for all, from beginner to pro. Keep them coming.
All I can say is that I experienced a lot of resistance watching this video! Well executed TEM! 💥💥
Glad you enjoyed it!
Wow, been using resistors a long time, now I know how they work ! - Very informative.
Thank you so much. Very helpful. I learned more than in 4 years of high school
Paused at 24:23, interesting to see that W is calculated like this. I'm a learned electrician, and I calculate basically 9V*0.9A=8.1W (yes, I know, first calculate your A with Ohm's Law), nevertheless, really interesting video. Definetly a blast to the past for me on this one! Really, really well explained! absolutely a masterpiece, wish I had this info when I was back in school, like 20 years ago :D
If you think about it, you're doing the same calculation once you break it down. As you know, V=IR. So when you do V*I = P, you're doing R*I*I. As I*I = I². Therefore your V*I = P is the same as their R*I² = P
@@AlmaTheElder True that, can't agree more. You do realize that people will start looking at these comments and go like, wait, what :D Although, I'm pretty sure the average person watching this will be knowing what and how. Also, an interesting remark I noticed: Not sure where you're from, but the symbolisation is interesting on your side ;-) here its U=I*R. Don't ask me why they changed the V to an U here, but hey, I guess they wanted to differentiate I guess? Have a great day ;-)
Regarding the multiplier, it is easier to use the same colour codes as the main digits. For example Orange Orange Brown is 3, 3, 1. So, 33 and ONE Zero = 330 ohms. Orange Orange Black is 3, 3, and ZERO Zeros = 33 ohms. This is much easier than using a "multipler" since you don't need to look up the chart to find a multiplier, then use math to multiply anything... instead just add however many zeros is applicable. The exception is lower value with Silver and Gold multipliers, where the chart is needed.
double that!
this is just scientific notation in disguise! I was disappointed that there seemed to be no space for resistances less than 1 Ohm... I guess they aren't useful in this form factor?
While this is correct, I have to say that the multiplier in the lookup table just means "times ten to the power of n", where n is the multiplier number. From ◼️ black or "0", with ×10⁰ up to ⬜️ white or "9" with ×10⁹. With the special cases of 🟨 gold with ×10⁻¹ and ⬜️ silver with ×10⁻² Of course in the decimal system that just corresponds to the number of digits you shift the decimal point. That's the point why they've chosen these numbers anyways. Tipp: If you have difficulties to memorise which way around the gold and silver one are: think of medals. Gold is 1st place, so "1" or "×10⁻¹". Silver is 2nd, so "2" or "×10⁻²".
@@Kesuaheli - see how much simpler it is to remember _"and two zeros"_ rather than calculating powers?
Yeah sure. I do it the same way. But Gold and Silver multiplier aren't that hard either if you know how they're made up. To be fair though they aren't that common.
Super informative, and it really helps understand how they actually work. However I think many of the graphics could have been on screen for a longer period of time. Especially for trying to teach or inform about something so unique. Thanks for the video!
You showed what they are physically (cut them open). Thanks! And the circuit examples next to the math is really helpful.
At last! Someone on KZhead knows what he's talking about concerning resistors. I am a 73 year old tech, but you taught me something new, the strain gage. I have worked with load cells before, but is it the same thing? Thanks for the info.
I think it's worth mentioning that the potentiometer type designation with letters in 15:18 varies depending on the country and manufacturer. For example, in Europe, "A" means linear and "B" means logarithmic. Additionally, except to these two types, there is another non-linear one, which is inverse to logarithmic and in Europe is marked with the letter "C".
Seen our new Potentiometer Explained video? ➡️ kzhead.info/sun/i8Zmfb6Fpoeqlok/bejne.html
@@EngineeringMindset Of course, especially the fragment starting at 3:29 ;-) . I watch all your videos, even if many of them cover topics that are familiar to me. I can always learn something interesting from them or simply refresh my existing knowledge. I also recommend your videos to my colleagues. Thank you for your effort and I wish you all the best :-)
Practically smashed the subject of resistors to pieces, great lecture, thanks 🥰
This was so fascinating!!! Ty so much, the graphics were incredibly helpful. I’ve never had a better grasp on resistors tyvm‼️‼️❤️
It's amazing that not a single electronics / electrical professor in my College days weren't able to explain what a resistor is in this way so students would actually understand .. no student is dumb .. it requires a good teacher to make good engineers
I have a four year degree in electrical engineering. If they got rid of the fluff and taught us things we actually needed to know, it could have been one year. Some professors need to watch this video and ask whether they are giving their students the best style of education.
as long as you pay they don't care after that.
Though I have no interest in engineering, I do work as a parts inspector at a company that distributes electronic components, and often times we see resistors much like the ones shown in this video! I usually have no idea what these parts are used for or how they work, so I'm always trying to learn about what I see on a daily basis. Lovely informational video!
Love you bro you cleared my problems in just a 28 min vid ❤
Do compositors next and not just the basics 😊😊😊
I worked 8am until 10pm on this video every day for 21 days with just 2 days off. I need a break.
The color bands on those metal film resistors are hard for me to decipher because I never know which end of the resistor represents the first significant number or the tolerance. The values are very different depending on which end you start from, which is frustrating for me as these are my preferred type of resistor.
It also kill me too, I was hoping I can find a proper answer in this video.
Thats why you need a multimeter.
Thanks to the blogger for his wonderful sharing, which gave me a preliminary understanding of resistors.
Great video. I saved it and I'll watch it again and again as I proceed in my 'electronic' trip.
If you occlude the water pipe then the water would shoot out a farther distance, not shorter.
I find it easier to think of the multiplier as "the number of zeros after it." If you think about it, that's what it is in both band code and normal surface mount code.
Thank you my brother. I learned so much from you. Thank you. I am going to watch all of the other videos that you created to learn even more.
The way you do explaining is just awesome keep it up mate
pov : its 3 am
ok
Tf bro, what are you doing at 3 am😂😂
@@user-cg3sl8zu5c maybe doing stuff :)
So true. I am watching this VERY late in the night.
2:56 😮😅
I should have become a electrician 😢
Still can. Or, just learn electronics as a hobby. My tutorials show you how
@@EngineeringMindset I think I will take it up as a hobby
Terrific Vid. Thank you for this information. Easily the best tutorial about resistors on KZhead.
such thorough, well organized, and great visuals type of video... gained such a complete understanding from this video even though i already consider myself knowledgeable... thanks
The simplicity is what I think is so amazing here.
it is been explained very clearly and smoothly. I hope I will be able to design my electronic circuit one day. thank you thank you.
Dam! What an amazing presentation! Explained everything clearly at the perfect pace with perfect tone. What a pleasue, I just learned so much! TY!!
So much work, but totally worth it!!! Thank you sir for the amazing explanation!
I always wondered how those were made. Thanks man.
What a great channel, im giving exams in a month and found you. Thank you!
This channel is a goldmine. Instantly subscribed.
Probably the greatest video I've ever seen!! I learned so much!!