Mount Tambora: The Year Without a Summer
Go to curiositystream.thld.co/geogr... for unlimited access to the world’s top documentaries and nonfiction series.
→ Subscribe for new videos two times per week.
/ @geographicstravel
Love content? Check out Simon's other KZhead Channels:
Biographics: / @biographics
MegaProjects: / @megaprojects9649
SideProjects: / @sideprojects
Casual Criminalist: / @thecasualcriminalist
Today I Found Out: / todayifoundout
TopTenz: / toptenznet
Highlight History: / @highlighthistory
XPLRD: / @xplrd
Business Blaze: / @brainblaze6526
This video is #sponsored by Curiosity Stream.
Source/Further reading:
BBC In Our Time podcast, the Year Without a Summer: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b077...
USA Today, overview: eu.usatoday.com/story/weather...
History, overview: www.history.com/news/the-dead...
History Today: www.historytoday.com/archive/...
Smithsonian: www.smithsonianmag.com/histor...
BBC radio documentary on 1816: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b076...
Writing Frankenstein: www.history.com/news/frankens...
National Geographic, more on Frankenstein: www.nationalgeographic.com/hi...
Guardian, How the year without summer gave us dark masterpieces: www.theguardian.com/music/201...
Darkness by Lord Byron: www.poetryfoundation.org/poem...
The Bologna Prophecy: www.theguardian.com/science/2...
VEI Index guide: ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/volcanoes_ex...
Cholera in London: www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/obje...
Smithsonian, Can Tambora explain Waterloo? www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-...
Go to curiositystream.thld.co/geographicsmar for unlimited access to the world’s top documentaries and nonfiction series.
Could you make a video about fred Hampton?
“First time I forgot to press record” lmao me
I love that shirt
The VEI index goes up to 8
You should do a geographics or side projects video on Camp Century and Operation Iceworm, the US Cold War experiment to have a nuclear powered ICBM base inside a Greenland Glacier
Tambora also led the the invention of the bicycle. There was no food to feed horses due to failed crops, so Karl Drais invented the Laufmachine, the first iteration of the bike in 1817
Interesting, thanks for the info
Necessity is the mother of invention.
I guess the invention blows up
Tambora trigger everyone to survive, so nature is the one who make us adapt
Also because riding the horses became extremely expensive
Fun fact : Mount Tambora before 1815 was originally around 4300 meters tall. After the eruption it's only around 2800 meters tall.
😵
When I watched St. Helens blow its cap off I was stunned but the Tambora truely makes St. Helens look like a wet fart
@@miliba hot fart. Only makes sense. Hehe
To lose almost 30% of the height seems a bit excessive in how much power that would take.
I release more Sulphur than 1815.
To put it simply, each time Indonesian volcanoes erupted, either it would be population bottleneck or summer less year. Or both.
only once every a few centuries, thankfully most eruptions are not deadly
@@Lut28 No one us typing here is in the position to make such statement simply because the deadly eruptions ( we had many, not of the same magnitude of Tambora, but deadly still) often happened in " some far away land that no one cares about". Another reason why we cannot state that " most eruptions aren't deadly" is because we haven't whitnessed one. YET. A quick reminder of how flawed is your stament is the very much deadly eruption of what was left of Krakatoa...End of 2018. Not 3 centuries ago. Not to mention Pinatubo, Mount St. Helen and many other very deadly eruptions that happened just in the last 50 years.
@@RejectedInch i was referring to the original comment, eruptions causing "population bottleneck and summerless year". by deadly i mean "that" deadly. sry if it wasn't clear enough
*population bottleneck or summer less year
@@RejectedInch Now makes me wonder whether my country's population reached bottleneck that time or had a colder summer...
My family still remembers it. At the time, they planted Abenaki maize (Native American cultivar for the area roughly around Maine and Quebec), which has a short growing season and is cold hearty. They lived in Virginia and normally used Abenaki maize because they could barely squeeze two crops out (for the hogs). They report that the first crop, planted in March, came in well enough by June, but the next crop failed mostly with frosts and snow in August. Fortunately, they had food, but there were widespread shortages and the next year they only managed to get a single crop. So family wisdom is that you always plant a stand of Abenaki maize just in case. And I still do.
Cool story. 😊
Great history passed through the generations. Awesome!
You don’t plant anything
Nice fishermans tale
NIce relatable history lesson.
There were a number of individual events mentioned that I had no idea could all be traced back to one volcano's eruption. The butterfly effect is well and truly a solid theory, tbh.
Yes, but that is a massive butterfly 8)
Butterfly? Too small. It's Mothra Effect.
It wasn't the butterfly effect because it was so strongly linked.
…that’s not the butterfly effect
Wasnt a butterfly....
Here's the scary thing: there are *MANY* volcanoes in the Indonesian Archipelago capable of a Tambora-level eruption, given that Archipelago is one of the most geologically active parts of the world. And on the island of Sumatra, the Lake Toba supervolcano is *NOT* considered extinct, just dormant. A more recent eruption that had catastrophic climate effects was the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. That ejected so much ash as sulfur into the atmosphere that (for example) California experienced above normal rains for nearly a _decade_ .
And booted the US out of its Clark and Subic bases! And that eruption was at most just 1/10th the power of Tambora!
No joke. I myself just live in the vicinity of that sort of volcano. Indonesians ans volcanoes are sort of like *dog and postman* situation.
OMG 😨 And I wanted to go to the Philippines to get laid. Not sure sex is worth it while drowning in lava.
toba will not produce another supermassive eruption, though
I was in Manila on the day Mt Pinatubo erupted in 1991. By 3pm the next day it was dark as night; so much ash in the air that it was difficult to see traffic lights🚦 from the street.
1:35 - Chapter 1 - The ticking bomb 5:10 - Chapter 2 - Destruction 8:35 - Mid roll ads 9:55 - Chapter 3 - The year without a summer 13:10 - Chapter 4 - The modern prometheus 16:50 - Chapter 5 - Coming to america 19:35 - Chapter 6 - Death in the time of cholera
Ty for the timestamps.. the mid roll ads one is especially useful
Thank you! 😊
thank you
This is the second Indonesian volcano to be featured in this channel, Can't wait for Krakatoa.
And then, I want Simon to tell us about Toba, which blew HER top (never piss off a female volcano) around 72,000 years ago and nearly wiped every one of our ancestors off the face of the earth. In terms of volcanic particles spewed into the atmosphere (an estimated six billion tons of sulphur dioxide), Toba was far larger than Tambora and nearly made an ash of humanity's future. According to the genetic bottleneck theory, it's believed our species survived in tiny pockets of "civilization" and some estimate everyone alive today came from one of 500 fertile women. AND THEY WEREN'T WHITE!! So racists can stop with the smug attitudes about their pretty white skin, because great great (etc. etc.) grandma was from South Africa or India. Suck on THAT, Stephen Miller!
Ok t RX
Thanks
@@krisaaron5771 Oh boy,,its hard to keep track of all the volcanoes, massive floods from melting glaciers and other disasters. The one you mention I'm not familiar with so I'll look into it. Thanks for the tip. I've said for years we are one or two good sized volcanoes away from unthinkable disaster. And it could happen tomorrow. Last week I learned of a new to me extinction event so massive it poisoned the oceans as well as land. The event layer was so distinct, a solid black stripe. The scientists said there were fossils below the stripe and fossils above the stripe. No fossils in the stripe, just total devastation. A volcano event so catastrophic as to poison all the earth's oceans killing 80% of water species. I forget the age of this event but it was longer than 70,000 years.
@@krisaaron5771 you had me until you went crazy sjw
Just read Mount Tambora: The Year Without a Summit. Which is technically correct.
Not sure about the "year" part but I giggled so it counts ;)
Well yes, but actually yes.
I read it that way too
Underrated comment!
Look it up on Google maps satellite view - you can see it from some distance up, the crater is about 6 to 7 km across.
Mount Tambora: "Ahem." *(EXPLOSIVE CRESCENDO)*
why did i see "v" from v for vendetta conducting this symphony in my mind
@@j-bob_oreo YESSSSSS
@@Joe_Potts amazing
From pp to fffffffffffffff real fast
Plot twist: It was singing the Anvil Chorus.
Sumbawa, besides the giant caldera of Mt. Tambora, still shows signs of the eruption today. The island is smack dab in the middle of the Lesser Sunda archipelago. This is basically Indonesia’s driest region, as it is heavily influenced by the dry desert winds that roll off neighboring Australia. That said, on the islands to either side of Sumbawa, canopy rainforest can be found as one begins to climb in elevation. Trees there can still reach immense height and girth. Sumbawa itself is also quite a mountainous island. The peaks are not as tall as Rinjani on Lombok or many of the volcanic massifs on Flores, but they’re substantial enough that montane rainforest and cloud forests would be expected. But if you ever travel the island, you’ll quickly notice that while it can be lush in the mountains and places that are not in rain shadow (mostly westward-facing slopes), the trees look as though they’re stunted. They do not seem to grow as tall nor as large around as those of their neighbors. They often seem to be of uniform height. They don’t seem to grow in such variety of species either. I’m not entirely sure of the mechanisms at work, but it’s clear that this is what happens when the forests of a land are completely decimated. Even 200 years since the event, the forests of Sumbawa look as though they are still just growing back. It is a strange sight if you traveled much of the rest of the country.
Mt. Rinjani is also interesting, as its twin volcano, Mt. Samalas also had a freak eruption in 1257 which had caused so much death that it caused people in London to bury their dead in mass graves, a practice that would become continent-wide a century later with the coming of the plague. There's a really great documentary about a group of researchers trying to find out what phenomena was responsible for the mass death at the time where they trace the mountain off of only ash samples in Greenland and Antarctica, I'll try to link it if I find it. Edit: I couldn't link it as youtube tries to delete my reply when I put links in. It's titled NOVA - Killer Volcanoes - Season 44 Episode 16 on youtube though.
Rinjani is another nasty volcano on that island.
The bicycle is also a result of the Tambora. Horses either died or they were eaten, but the postal service had to deliver mail. Without horses it would have been impossible, thus a replacement was created: the velocipede.
The chain of butterfly effect events after the eruption is the wildest series of recorded events I’ve ever heard. Crazy to think two of the horror genre’s greatest titles were written because of a volcanic eruption.
catastrophes like this reminds me of that the earth is not made for us, we are here just as guests...
r/im14andthisisdeep
Fukn Oath
@@DominicNJ73 well I mean, he IS right after all. Human will go extinct just as the dinosaurs did, but the earth will stay until it gets eaten by the sun
Considering the pace of human technology its going from a certainty to a posibility.
@@gotanon8958 are technology is getting better but the actual human species is getting worse and unhealthier
"forgot to press record" XD classic
Pesky record button
Ugh, as a teacher I had a huge film project with my year 1 class that I made towards the end of the year... It was only later that I realised at some point I had mixed up the record/stop record... So I had like two hours of "behind the scenes" footage and none of the front of the scenes footage!
*joke about how many channels Simon has*
reply about Simon doing cocaine
No, seriously how many does he have? Today I Found Out, Geographics, Biographics, SideProjects, and what else?
@@A7XFan800 Top Tenz was the first, Business Blaze is the new up-and-comer, The Casual Criminalist is his podcast, Megaprojects (you know sideprojects and not that?), his newest one Xplrd, and Highlight History, which is kind of dead now I think, it gets a couple new videos whenever they remember it exists or something.
8 channels.. geographics..biographics.. infographics..mega projects..side projects.. the casual criminal. Business blaze.. TopTenz... I can't think of any others
@@A7XFan800 geographics..biographics..
I will share my experiences while in Indonesia 2010, 2015, 2018 (Queen Mother Nature's Journey). I'll be honest when I talk about Indonesia, so I apologize in advance. An experience like no other, because I was very happy when I was on a land that has a beautiful, unique, diverse and captivating natural history but also has the biggest, deadliest and most natural disasters in the world. I'm talking about mother nature not about man-made. Indonesia has no less than 500 volcanoes (both active and inactive and underwater volcanoes). Indonesia symbolizes the elements of water, earth, fire, wind and plants combined into one. INDONESIA, at first I didn't know anything about Indonesia. In the end I got a news of a natural disaster in Indonesia, I immediately went to a large library in Europe. It turns out that there is a book that immortalizes the great natural disasters that occurred in Indonesia. The name Indonesia has been recorded and engraved long ago in Europe without us knowing it. I will talk about nature. The advantages of tourist attractions in Indonesia : 85% of tourist attractions in Indonesia are natural and 15% are man-made, even UNESCO labels Indonesia as a world heritage. Nature in Indonesia is very beautiful, charming, unique and different but also saves a lot of dark history written by the International. Talking about nature, Indonesia is second to none because of the world level. Disadvantages of tourist attractions in Indonesia : Indonesia is a country that is labeled as an area prone to natural disasters, not only that but also the most deadly and dangerous. There are so many dark history, natural disasters in Indonesia claimed a lot of victims in the world, most often occur and can also have an impact on other countries. It's all written in the history of the world. It is undeniable, the power of Nature in Indonesia is far more frightening, very strong and deadly. Not Chile, Japan, Philippines, USA, Italy, New Zealand, India, China, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, Finland and Canada. Because the largest number of victims of natural disasters in the world is Indonesia. The number of natural disasters in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 was 17,032 events. That's a 5 year calculation, What if the total is from 1800s? Could be more. In fact, the most earthquakes in the world are not Japan or Chile, but Indonesia. Not only that, hurricanes, tsunamis, landslides, floods, storms, typhoons, earthquakes eruptions and others phenomenon. Very brutal and deadly. Overall, Indonesia has been named a QUEEN MOTHER NATURE, if it wakes up from its sleep then a big event will repeat itself. Nature in Indonesia cannot be used as a joke, because physically Indonesia's geography is included in "ABNORMAL". Nature in Indonesia has a very different level compared to other countries, because it is completely beyond human reason. Many historians, scientists, researchers and volunteers are involved in the "RAGE OF QUEEN MOTHER NATURE IN INDONESIA". The total points for natural attractions in Indonesia are 10/10. Queen Mother Nature brutal power level. >JAPAN : 10 (NORMAL NATURE). >PHILLIPINES : 8 (NORMAL NATURE). >CHILE : 10 (NORMAL NATURE). >NEW ZEALAND : 9 (NORMAL NATURE). >USA : 10 (NORMAL NATURE). >ITALY : 8 (NORMAL NATURE). >CANADA : 8 (NORMAL NATURE). >MALAYSIA : 5 (NORMAL NATURE). >CHINA : 7 (NORMAL NATURE). >ICELAND : 7 (NORMAL NATURE). >THAILAND : 6 (NORMAL NATURE). >GREENLAND : 8 (NORMAL NATURE). >AUSTRALIA : 9 (NORMAL NATURE). >BRASIL : 8 (NORMAL NATURE). >PANAMA : 9 (NORMAL NATURE). >INDONESIA : GOD LEVEL (QUEEN MOTHER NATURE). Please find out how many total deaths are caused by major natural disasters in Indonesia, they occur too often, in fact many other countries have cooperated with Indonesia but have not been able to control natural disasters in Indonesia and are finally labeled as "ABNORMAL". Other countries also experience natural disasters but not as strong, as much and as brutal as nature in Indonesia. It is clear that the physical geography location of Indonesia, which is far apart, seems to be torn apart by nature. Previously, Indonesia territory was not shaped like that but was still connected to Southeast Asia and Australia. Even the governments of many countries have warned the Indonesian government to remain vigilant about natural disasters there, it's no joke because the dark history of the major natural disasters in Indonesia is written and documented by the International. Natural brutality and so scary in Indonesia, among others. >Indonesia has experienced earthquakes for 32 years. The history of the longest earthquake in the world. >Indonesia once covered the whole world in a year without a summer. (Tambor 1815) The occurrence of global poverty affects many countries (Europe, America's, Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania). >Indonesia has experienced the collapse of a very large landmass called SUNDALAND. The split of the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara. Then the mainland was separated from Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei. Everything fell into the sea. >Indonesia once made an earthquake and caused a tsunami that hit 14 countries. (Tsunami Aceh). The collision between the Sumatran plate and the Indian Ocean in the Aceh region of Indonesia caused 14 other countries to experience large tsunamis, even reaching India. >Indonesia has a super volcano that has been designated by UNESCO as an International GeoPark, which results in the death of 90% of mankind in the world. (Toba Supervolcano). Humanity is almost extinct and makes the territory of Indonesia volcanically active. >Indonesia was also previously connected to mainland Australia but collapsed and separated. Not only in the western part of Indonesia, but in eastern Indonesia, there is a collision between the Australian plates. >Indonesia also has a volcano that is recorded as having the loudest sound in the world and causing a tsunami. (Krakatoa 1883). The explosion was much larger than the Hiroshima bomb, generating a tsunami as high as 40 meters, volcanic ash, the loudest and recorded sound in modern world history. >Indonesia also caused flash floods to Timor Leste. The cause of flash floods between the eastern side of Indonesia and the country of Timor Leste was also affected. >And others. There are too many major natural disasters in Indonesia. Too many. In fact, throughout 2022, Indonesia has experienced 954 natural disasters, outperforming other countries. Mother Earth Queen in Indonesia often rages and is very domineering. No other country in the natural category can match it. Other countries also have natural disasters but when compared to natural disasters in Indonesia it is nothing. Queen Mother Nature in Indonesia is of a different class. "The more beautiful you look, the more dangerous you are". (Indonesia is the throne Queen of all the Queens of Mother Nature). The rampage, power, brutality, deadly of nature in Indonesia are at their maximum level : THE REAL QUEEN MOTHER NATURE. Nature in Indonesia has claimed many lives and has an impact on other countries, no matter where they come from. When it goes berserk, its true power will destroy and kill anything in its path. If I write down one by one the major natural disasters in Indonesia, then you will know that what I am typing is a 100% real event.
Ooogghh.. this is scary... i'm indonesian and i think all those earthquakes, landslides, flashfloods and erupted mountains happend as frequently in other countries...
Mount Tambora's eruption, when you think about it, radically altered human history. Before Tambora, Europe was stuck in a colonialist, quasi-Feudalist, monarchical state of running the world. While "emperors," like Napoleon, had virtually united the continent into one powerful country under his rule. After Tambora, Europe's urge to "colonize the world" faded from its' previous urgency, and replaced traditional Monarchies with more modern systems of government, most notably dictatorships, democracy, and communism. Before Tambora, the United States was really just a massive, unsettled country, with the vast majority of its' population living on the East Coast. Most of the west was still just populated primarily by Native Americans, and Latin American Spaniards. After the fateful year 1816, America started pouring west, and kick-started the anti-slave/pro-slave politics that would ultimately lead to the American Civil War. Before Tambora, China was a remote, self-contained imperial juggernaut, that wanted little to do with the rest of the world. It was powerful, but very, very isolated, and ignorant of the threat of European colonists. Afterward, well... We all know what happened to China in the 19th and 20th Centuries... "The Year Without a Summer" changed human civilization to such a degree that you could arguably restructure all of human civilization, as a whole, to two new divisions of history: "BT and AT" (Before Tambora and After Tambora)! The world that has existed since 1815 is so radically different from how it looked prior to that fateful year, that it's very nearly as radically different as the difference between the "Bronze Age" and the "Iron Age!"
Communism isn’t a modern system or government
@@SAOrules It is and it isn't. The idea of Communism certainly dates way back. But it wasn't really utilized until the 20th Century, when Russia tried it. So from a practicality standpoint, it kind of IS a modern system of government. Just not one that is seen as terribly reliable these days.
@@shindari there have been multiple societies through the centuries which have tried, and failed, with communism. Even the original mayflower charter was basically communism and probably far closer to true communism than the USSR. It failed very quickly, and the charter was abandoned.
I'd say that's coincidental.
@@Zorro9129 Watch the video, and you'll see that it's more than just coincidental. Tambora triggered a lot of the changes that would ultimately turn the world into the world we know today. Without that eruption, and its' changing of the Earth's climate, we'd be living right now in an entirely different world than the one we know.
“Our familiar friend, pestilence.” Good grief, Simon, who do you hang with?
the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, just guys being dudes
Pestilence, apparently 😂😂😂 😳
Honestly if Simon says that hes this immortal ancient being i wont be suprised
He WISHES he was my friend!
Well we're all familiar with pestilence now, aren't we? Major Pandemic every 102 years: Cholera of 1816 (caused by sudden cooling) that helped dismantle the British empire. Swine Flu Pandemic of 1918 arrived 102 yrs later, and then our happy friend 'Rona visited us starting in 2020. Coincidence?
The amount of material that blew out of the mountain is just....mind boggling. I really can't get my head around it.
It really is. The crazy part is that volcanoes can eject way more as well. Like Taupo around 26,500 years ago erupted more than 1,100 cubic kilometers which is amazing
3/4 of a mile of a mountain pulverized, blasted to ash. Even if I saw it from a "safe" distance I still could not fathom the sheer power needed to blow it apart.
@@LuvBorderCollies Yeah, I'd just be in awe. Hopefully I'd remember to film it haha
It may have had a rhyolite, dacite, or andesite mixing with basalt below making a huge gas and magma implosion. Otherwise beware of salt water or hydrothermal eruptions, other unpredictable one.
Remember: The most powerful nuclear bomb we've ever built is only 1/16 as powerful as Tambora's eruption was
I love how Mother Earth throws these disasters at us and sees how we’ll do. Might name my next cat Tambora.
Please do.
Can’t wait till she throws Yellowstone at us
@@Smaug555 God knows how much more can it do
@@Smaug555 bruh why are u saying u can't wait for yellowstone u know yellowstone makes the tambora eruption look like a firecracker
Oh, while at it. Let me give you a background story of the name Tambora. The name consists of "ta" which means "invite" and "mbora" which means "to disappear", combined meaning "an invitation to disappear". The story goes that there was an almighty Buddhist monk meditated there and he finally reached moksa, his soul and body disappeared becoming one with the mountain. After the event, people often see him wandering around appearing as ghosts for those who are able to see. That's why the mountain is called "Tambora".
I wonder which one of Simon's personalities would win in a friendly knife fight
My money would be on Blaze 😁
Put me down for Top Tenz, since that took some self control to do the Lord of the Ring's list
Danny
Coked up Business Blaze Simon no doubt.
Blaze one. He is on cocaine and enormous amounts of coffee. He won't go down without like 20 stabs
You mentioned Thera and the demise of the Minoans. From what I understand, Thera only erupts on the average, about once every 20,000 years ... but of course when it does, it's a big one. Sadly for the Minoans, one of the greatest ancient civilizations, purely by chance they happened to build a spectacular city ... smack on top of the thing. And when Thera erupted, the city was 'literally' vaporized, and the world changed completely. We mere mortals can only imagine what history would look like today, had Thera decided not to erupt until a few thousand years later. We like to think that we are in control, but are occasionally humbled by such natural events. You should do a video about Thera, because almost everything we know and understand today, can probably be traced back to that one eruption.
I would love to see a video about Thera
First, yes, I am aware I am a year late. But this is worth saying. ... It is not accurate that Thera/Santorini erupts only once every 20k years. It has had several small eruptions in the last 200 years alone! Most recently in 1950. The thing is, it takes a long time to rebuild a large and structurally unstable magma chamber for a caldera forming eruption. That does indeed take tens of thousands of years. In the meantime, volcanoes like Thera continue with normal, small to medium sized volcanic eruptions. Many of them are even effusive, aka lava flows with little ash emission. We have a few clues to what is going on underneath Thera, and it's not great news. The first is its history of large caldera forming eruptions - 180,000 years BP (Before Present), 70,000BP, 21,000BP and of course, 3600BP. Yes, this is more common with time, but that doesn't actually mean anything on its own - this can be highly random. We need more information. The second clue is that those younger eruptions have built a new island roughly in the center of the caldera. That isn't normal for post-collapse calderas, normally the central magma system is totally destroyed and future eruptions come up around the edges of the caldera, with little to no activity from the true center. In Thera's case, that means that the central part of the magma system was not destroyed by the 1600BCE eruption. Indeed, this is the case for the previous caldera events there too. This is a very resilient volcano, and that is very bad news for us. And the third clue is the lava that it erupts. It is thick, so viscous that it cannot flow effectively and often builds up into big heaps of lava - called lava domes. This is perhaps the worst piece of news, because these types of magma are very good at trapping gas that results in intense explosive eruptions. So, if we look at a typical magma supply rate for this kind of volcano at 0.1 to 0.01km^3 per thousand years on average, Thera should be nowhere near ready to have another caldera forming eruption but if that were true it shouldn't have had the magma supply to do what we know it did in 1600BC. So, this basic assumption about supply cannot be correct for Thera. It must be far higher than that. But we can still take volume erupted divided by time to get a useful number for this. There is precedent for this kind of insane supply rate in the Mediterranean. Etna is 2.9km^3 per 1k years. If Santorini's magma supply rate increases to even a tenth of that, we have a big, big problem on our hands considering its tendency to produce highly explosive eruptions. Some basic math reveals it isn't just over a tenth of that, but it must be at least half of Etna's supply rate. For some perspective on how insane this is, Etna's magma supply rate is as high as the supply rate for some entire volcanic arcs! And if Santorini is at half of that, the Greek islands around it are a poor place to invest in real estate. Greece is too corrupt, and monitoring mostly underwater volcanoes too difficult, to get good and decisive answers for exactly how dangerous this volcano is. But we can come to some conclusions anyways: - This is a volcano that is capable of highly explosive and extremely voluminous eruptions with Mediterranean-wide impacts, and potentially global impacts. - It has an apparently enormous magma supply rate. At 18k years to build up 30km^3, this must be a minimum of 1.6km^3 per 1000 years. More than 10x higher than what you'd expect. - Its central conduit has survived all of its previous caldera collapses, meaning a new one does not need to be built for another cataclysmic eruption. - It will probably do another large caldera forming eruption again, but it probably isn't ready yet. It likely needs to build up magma for at least a few thousand more years for that. However, in the meantime, large eruptions are still possible. They just are unlikely to be cataclysmic. For now.
The eruption of Thera inspired the tale of the destruction of Atlantis recorded by Plato.
How come I never learned about Mount Tambora in a World History class at school? I was kind of vaguely aware of Tambora causing "The Year Without A Summer", but without much detail, and mostly as it pertained to Mary Shelley. None of this other stuff mentioned. Absolutely fascinating seeing so many societal changes hinging on this one volcano and the horrendous, disastrous weather.
Nah, I didn't remember reading this during my school years too. But eh, too many things hidden and watered down in our school edition's history books.
I don’t recall this either. I found a lot of history class to not be contextual enough. You have to imagine why and how things happened due to what came before because it’s not explained what people were experiencing and you have to connect the dots yourself.
They don’t like you thinking for yourself about climate change.
Most schools, especially in the US, follow a broad strokes approach. Only noting the largest of the large. At this point, even some US history classes barely have time to cover Korea or Mexican American war, so you can imagine that the sanitary revolution and migration of some people become footnotes. There's a lot of fascinating history out there
An all year long severe winter sounds considerably more miserable than 2020. I guess things can always be worse.
If Cascadia goes..and San andreas fault goes.AND Yellowstone stone goes...at the same time.. we are F...KED. throw in the Ring of fire and Krakatoa and the ones in Hawaii.. humanity might not make it.. 😕
@@carmenburton4918 I'm inside the "definitely immediately fucked" zone for Yellowstone. That's a bit of quiet existential dread that's been living in my head since I heard about it 15 or so years ago.
Oh yes, yes it can get worse and at the worst time.
@@jasepoag8930 does it ever even make any sign of activity.. coz if I was there.. and I saw smoke.. a tiny rumble. ..I'd be like "later bitches..I'm.out!" I've never lived near a volcano ..I don't know these things.. but can a volcanic eruption be predicted with certainty? I don't think you can with Fault lines. .. Damn America also has tornadoes.. and quakes.. and fault lines and a mega volcano.. and potentially at future tsunami...
@@carmenburton4918 this is a super volcano, most of the midwest is in the "immediately fucked" zone. I don't actually live anywhere near it. As for activity, all the hot springs and geysers are part of it. I think water levels in some of its lakes have been affected because the ground is swelling from all the magma building up deep below.
Mount Toba: **(exploded)** Mount Krakatoa: dad nooo Few year later Mount Krakatoa: I'll do it for you dad **(exploded)**
Anak Krakatoa.. ("Son of Krakatoa") rumbles and belches nowadays.
"Child" of Krakatoa = Anak Krakatoa
Krakatoa jr be looking pretty terrifying this day
@@vexile1239 Correct! Son in Indonesian is "putra" and daughter is "putri" but here we just say "anak" to address children.
@@ezekielshorizon6 I'm an Australian so my interactions with most other languages are limited even though I live in a large city (Brisbane) and I have only interacted with a non-English speaker once in my 30+ years and that was a Japanese tourist trying to get to a tourist hotel near the city
I still remember the stories my Great Grandmother told me that her Great Grandmother told her of what life was like back during the year without a summer.
Lol...liar
@@herresgoon829 might want to recheck your perception of time. Depending on when you were born and when your ancestors had their kids your great grandparents great grandparents would’ve been born. Those people would be your 4th great grandparents. Most of my 4th great grandparents were born between 1800-1830. So if their 4th great grandparent was born around 1800 they would’ve been a teen during this time.
@@herresgoon829 actually I have several 4th great grandparents who were born in the 1780s
@@jbach2002 yuppp
Left out was the second largest volcanic eruption in known history going off 15 years later on the neighboring Island of Lombok in 1830 which added much to the chaos. It is only 75 miles or so west of Mount Tambora. I lived several years on these two islands. Both eruptions were many times larger than the more famous Krakatoa (Krakatau).
There was no eruption in 1830 that I know of. Which are you talking about?
@@stellarwind1946 The major Lombok eruption that I know off is the 1257 Samalas one...
As bad as Tambora was it was nothing compared to Mt Toba which literally almost caused humans to go extinct.
The year without a summer. Also referred to as "the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and froze to death"
If i can remember correctly, "froze to death" more popular word in USA but the "year without a summer" more recognised globally, right?
THE HOLY HAND GRENADE OF ANTIOCH
Welp, it ripped Sodom and Gommorah, and another did Atlantis in. Thus never lover look or downplay super volcanoes/mega calderas and their eruptions neither flood basalt flows either. Also a mantle plume under a fault is always very bad news. Look up the mantle plume or hor spot that scortched the underside of the east USA plate.
"Isn't that one of the holy relics brother Maynard carries with him?" lol 😂
Steven Seven yes, yes it is
And the Lord spake, saying, 'First shalt thou take out the Holy Pin. Then, shalt thou count to three. No more. No less. Three shalt be the number thou shalt count, and the number of the counting shall be three. Four shalt thou not count, neither count thou two, excepting that thou then proceed to three. Five is right out. Once at the number three, being the third number be reached, then, lobbest thou thy Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch towards thy foe, who, being naughty in My sight, shall snuff it.' Amen
@@andrewj3177 LOL !!
It's pretty wild to think that this is only one of several VEI7 eruptions in history that have effected humans. Thera was mentioned, but also Okmok in 44BC, Ilopongo around the 530s AD, and Rinjani in 1257 (I'd mention Kuwae in the 1450s, but that's still unconfirmed). The effects of these eruptions are wild and catastrophic on a global scale.
Ilopango was also unconfirmed for the 535 eruption
@@aron1332 Another popular theory for 536 AD was that multiple volcanoes had really bad eruptions around that period! 🙈
@@mrconfusion87 unlikely it was multiple volcanoes. The effects were mostly in Europe in 536
Im glad this wasnt on the Casual Criminalist.. Mount Tambora: The Year Without a Summer.. The story of an evil masterminds volcano lair..
Well the volcano probably holds the highest kill count.
Look up Jules Verne - The Mysterious Island… (it’s the sequel to Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea).
As Indonesian, I didn't know that the eruption of Tambora literally changed the world. It's so mind blowing!
Holy shit. Really puts contemporary "disasters" in perspective. We live such comfortable lives today
I currently live 180 miles from Mount Tambora and 25 miles from Mount Agung. I think every island in Indonesia has at least one active volcano.
Emigrate.
Java has a lot of volcanoes. Where I live is surrounded by 3 volcanoes
With a big eruption in or near Java along the lines of Krakatau or Tambora, Java in particular and Indonesia in general would be in serious, serious trouble.
Of course. That's why they're there in the first place.
@@kimberlyperrotis8962 A volcanic eruption will fuck things up for a while, but after at least 10-15 years the soil will be more fertile!
Tambora, prior to eruption in 1815 was the highest peak in Indonesia with about 4,300 meters ASL and after the eruption it has been reduced to 2,800 meters ASL.
1815 - Nerfed Tambora's height
This particular episode reminds me of an old show called “ connections “ by James Burke i Good on ya
Connections is one of the best science and history tv shows of all time. It's up there with Carl Sagan's Cosmos.
Connections with James Burke is one of my favorites
That was a great show!!!!
I live 100 miles from my st helens in yakima and when it erupted the ash turned my city dark like it was midnight. Street lights came on and couldn't see ten feet infront of you. That was scary and I knew what had happened. Can't imagine what ppl were thinking when tambora erupted. Great video.
I subscribe to all channels (i think, definitely 3). This is by far my most favorite video out of all channels. The range and lasting effects of one single event are always underestimated. Being able to put together the event and the lasting implications of the event is the reason why history is valuable! Keep keeping on!
In high school, I remember learning about some of the fall out from the volcanic eruption. Your summary was easy to follow - thanks for adding to my knowledge on this event.
I’m 62. When I was in grade school (1st - 6th grade), we had American History where I know today is not true. Going over their accomplishments, i first heard of Poor Richard’s Almanac. It gave weather predictions, and most people thought Franklin was crazy due to his prediction of snow on the 4th of July. Over the years I’ve wondered if he made the prediction of snow or if it’s just folklore. When (or if) Franklin made his prediction for snow, I can’t see him knowing about Tambora. Any no one would have linked the eruption and it’s effects on the global weather.
Thank you, that was an amazing video. I loved the way you pulled all those disparate stories together to demonstrate how everything was interrelated. Fantastic!
I requested this one on one of this channel's first videos!!! Thank you so much Simon!!! ❤
A suggestion: tornado alley? And what amrrica has done to deal with it
Or the Tri-State Tornado
I wonder how that would work out honestly, Tornado Alley is kinda nebulous being that it covers multiple states and locations plus there's Dixie Alley in the southeast us that gets a bunch of tornadoes
Cool idea! I love it!
Nothing the answer is nothing
That’s what all those windmill farms are for, they turn those on in storms to try and disrupt the wind currents.
I saw a video about this on another channel last year. It was informative, but didn't go into as much detail as yours did. Kudos to your research team!
Great video mate. I've binged hundreds of your vids and always enjoy it, but I love the direction you took here - great work. Thanks from Australia!
Love your storytelling. I even love the speed with which you narrate it. I also speak quite quickly bc I comprehend quite quickly. Love this channel
I like when Simon's personality comes out in hia channels. Business Blaze Simon leaking into everything else
maybe it's time for a Biographics episode about Danny?
Genuinely, this is the hardest working man on KZhead.
Tamboura famously affected Waterloo in 1815, but there is another similar event. In Dec 1808, a volcano, probably in the High Andes, went off and four months later, there was heavy rain in Central Europe as Austrian troops marched into Bavaria as the 1809 war began.
Excellent video as always, Simon. Thank you.
I am so happy ive been waiting for this one.
Awesome episode! Worth reading twice, Simon!
This is one of the best videos I’ve ever had the pleasure to enjoy. Snowball effects in history have always grabbed me something fierce. I can’t believe I’ve only just heard about Tambora
these videos are so well done dude, amazing
I still find it impressive how many of these videos you put out! Great quality, accurate and overall just very well done. Thanks for putting them out!
And less than 75 years later, just 1400 km to the west, the second biggest, & loudest ever recorded, volcanic eruption in modern history occurred....
Toba??
@@adnannaemaz1989 Krakatoa
@@adnannaemaz1989 toba hasn’t erupted for 75,000 years
Yup. The island got blown away. 2 of the biggest explosions. The second one was more violent and the loudest explosion
@@SunayanaSB1998 *The loudest voice ever recorded. Apparently
I love it when you guys do the vids on natural places, many thanks for another awesome one ☺️
Learning something new every time with ya'll. Keep up the good work.
The modern island that was Tambora is today's Sumbawa, 3 islands away from the famous Bali. I spent 8 days there back in 1980 - the beaches still have black sand! The various sub-species of Rosewood found on that island make modern paraphernalia found in the local markets highly prize though I doubt few know of its bleak and deadly History!!
If the northern hemisphere didn't have a summer, how cold the southern hemisphere winter got specially in places that are already cold like Chile, Southern Australia and New Zealand?
The Southern Hemisphere's weather is moderated by having more ocean vs landmass.
It got pretty cold in the U.K. it is an island with a jagged coastline, can’t get more surface area touching ocean than that.
@@przybyla420 I think it’s more to do with open ocean, although Britain is an island, it’s close to shore as compared to the bottom of South America or the Horn of Africa for example, lots of open seas to move air quickly around there
I've wondered the same question. In all these volcano disasters I never hear about the Southern Hemisphere.
@@LuvBorderCollies Me too, sadly we often get forgotten “down” here, but I guess it’s because the majority of the world’s population lives in the northern hemisphere
I really appreciate you Simon, thank you!!!
Every time Simon says "Eruption" all I can and hear is EVH. Some part of me wishes that each time "eruption" is uttered a whammy altered, screeching guitar riff would play. Aah....Eddie. I miss you too much already. BTW....I love your work Simon. 👍👍
When the apocalypse inevitably come, I will remember the good times when Simon Whistler narrated me to sound sleep knowing tomorrow would be as good as I could make it.
Download some episodes and buy some small solar panels🍃 That's what I'm gonna do . I already have a huge digital library of books, movies and tv shows, music. I do not get rid of my old smartphones, I keep them as backup.
Well as bad as this whole COVID-19 thing has been, at least we aren't living through the Mt Tambora eruption.
It be maybe 20× worse. America lost its strategic food reserves a few years after the cold war ended. However America has maybe near 70% of its population overweight. That cause Covid 19 deaths but in a VEi 7, situation would buy maybe 6 weeks.
You just haven't heard the even worst eruption yet. There is one volcano in Indonesia as well that erupts so big that some even claim it's more catastrophic than Yellowstone. Although i need to point out it happen thousands of years ago
@@ivanbima5877 are you talking about Krakatoa? It is the most violent and loudest explosion in mankind history. Something worse than that, I don't think world will exist after thar
@@SunayanaSB1998 Krakatoa was a VEI 6, Tambora was a VEI 7. Krakatoa killed more people though. Maybe Mt Samalas
@@ivanbima5877 You mean supervolcano Toba? The number 2 largest eruption In The World after La Garita? One of The Vei 8 eruption?
Simon you do give me mush needed info. You deliverer like no one else does. My go to info overload. A new history I didn’t know existed until now. Love my history. I will research more into this. Thanks from me to you. Much respect from a want to be info KZheadr 😊
Spectacular video! Thanks for the great content!
Someone hit the Earth’s “Brown note”. I’ll show myself out.
😂
Hehe volcano go brr
No, volcano go ''Boom!'', world go ''Brrr!''
0:12 It is sweet to know that even an experienced KZheadr with millions of subscribers can forget to hit record now and then. I admired your self-control. Love your videos; exploring your other channels in the days and evenings to come. Thank you from Peterborough (no, not YOUR Peterborough, but the one in Canada, eh!) Teeheehee. Thank you again. Stay safe.
Absolutely fascinating. Thanks for this
Simon, that beginning is why we love you, we've all done that before haha You're the only youtuber that i watch every video and like everyone as well.
It's just like I always say "Never underestimate the power of a huge sphere made of mostly molten rock" -Bowser
Here in Vermont, it’s still referred to as "eighteen-hundred and froze to death"
Simon, thanks for producing all the entertaining and informative videos. The liberal sprinkling of humour adds greatly to the experience. With regard to the mention of sulphuric gas ejections from Tambora I well remember the effects of Mt Pinatubo in the same vein although obviously nowhere near the magnitude of Tambora's burp. The year following Mt Pinatubo, a particular plant in my garden flowered twice, the only time it has done so. And there were other effects too although I remember that particular one well.
it said there are several kingdoms around tambora at that time, and when the 1st mt tambora erupted, those kingdoms are wiped out overnight
I visited Tambora a few months ago. It’s insanely beautiful from the ocean. Pumped to see one of my favorite creators making a video about it 🙌🏼
Thank you Simon, one of your best.
Simon, I think this is my favorite of all the channels you narrate.
Excellent video! The Tambora explosion certainly should be more well known
I liked the way this video reminded me of a show called "Connections" that I watched back in the 1980's. I think James Burke was the narrator. In case you needed yet another channel, something that followed that premise would be interesting. The premise being following connections through time, showing how one thing lead to another, in usually unexpected ways.
Correct, it was JB.
Your a style of narration is some else...love it.
Excellent video. So interesting the impacts and effects of the volcano eruption. Man, my home town of Calgary probably had snow and ice all year after that eruption.
I'm not worried about Tambora. I'm worried about the mountain that everyone ignores
Yeah, the active, (almost-)continuously erupting volcanoes are much lower VEI than dormant volcanoes that would explode with such a loud bang like Pinatubo and up. (Pinatubo wasn't well-known before the early 1990s.)
It will take at least a full millennia of sleep or so before Tambora can muster another eruption of that sort... Sumbawans will be fine for the next few centuries!
One thing we've learned from modern eruptions in Europe has been pretty much the complete grounding of lots of planes in the affected areas and those areas become huge "no fly" zones because volcanic ash particles and jet turbines do not mix. It destroys them in-flight or on the ground when taxiing. Falling ash particles can also be sucked into modern ground and sea transport engines rendering them useless as well. Ash-covered satellite dishes don't work anymore. Point-to-point microwave transceivers on cell phone towers can't penetrate the ash cloud thus shutting down cell phone comms. Ash clouds also interfere with radio wave propagation causing even the best amateur radio operators on the planet to be completely ineffective at communicating with anything in the affected areas. Ash covers solar panels and gets into wind turbine engines causing them to seize up. And then there's the power plants and their giant coal-burning furnaces which require constant coal stock replenishment from long trains which will no longer be able to operate due to their engines sucking in ash particles and being destroyed or at least rendered inoperable. That means the power goes out, the lights go out, and humanity as a whole in the affected areas fall into chaos and bloodthirsty panic. The follow-on effects of a giant blast in modern times will make what happened back then look like nothing. If you don't live in a country that allows you to own firearms and ammunition in your own home, then move to a country that does and stock up.
Such an excellent channel. In a sea of crap it’s refreshing to see some quality content. The major plus is the balance of the elements that make the show. consistent quality and well researched educational entertainment. Well done
Big up yourself Simon keep up these fascinating videos :)
Tambora, circa March 1815: I'm about to do what's called a pro-gamer move
At the tail end of the video as Simon was recapping I started thinking hopefully some good things will come of this whole covid situation. Perhaps somewhere out there someone who got “let go” from their job because of the ‘demic had the time they finally needed to sit down and start writing a great piece of literature or were allowed to devote more of their newly freed time to furthering their craft and that in a few decades we will be able to look back and see a silver lining.
Awesome video! I never realised how much can such an event change the world...
awesome one, Simon!
Hello pestilence my old friend.... I've come to scratch you again....
Hello pustilence lol
Simon and Garfunkel might even approve.
This story reminded me of the the show 'Connections".
For once I took a recommended sponsor and went and joined curiosity stream. Very cool service. I enjoy it very much. Thanks for not schilling crap Simon!😁
Loved this video, great job
Your videos are always interesting. Have you considered Lave Taupo in New Zealand as a subject, or Mt. Tarawera? Both fascinating but, sadly, destructive, or at least Tarawera was to my extended family in what became the “ Buried Village”,but Lake Taupo is the biggest permanent lake in the Southern Hemisphere. It is overdue to erupt. It is huge and one of those mega-volcanoes. Guessing you could do a fascinating show on either one.
Me 15 minutes in: ohhhh this is the story of how Frankenstein came to be I remember hahah damn how things really do flow
Brilliant narrative, Simon. You always make me laugh with your wry quips. Priceless!