KZhead

Why were there three popes at the same time? - Joëlle Rollo-Koster

TED-Ed
2023 ж. 10 Мам.
1 030 809 Рет қаралды
Жүктеу

Dig into the history of the Papal Schism, which caused a split in the Catholic Church while 3 popes vied for supremacy.
--
For almost two millennia, the Pope has been a figure of supreme spiritual authority for Catholics around the world. But in the late 14th century, Catholics found themselves with not one, not two, but three popes. Where did this plethora of popes come from? And who among them was the genuine article? Joëlle Rollo-Koster shares the origins of this papal predicament.
Lesson by Joëlle Rollo-Koster, directed by Kaspar Jancis.
Support Our Non-Profit Mission
----------------------------------------------
Support us on Patreon: bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon
Check out our merch: bit.ly/TEDEDShop
----------------------------------------------
Connect With Us
----------------------------------------------
Sign up for our newsletter: bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter
Follow us on Facebook: bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook
Find us on Twitter: bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter
Peep us on Instagram: bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram
----------------------------------------------
Keep Learning
----------------------------------------------
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/why-were-t...
Dig deeper with additional resources: ed.ted.com/lessons/why-were-t...
----------------------------------------------
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Karl Laius, JY Kang, Abhishek Goel, Heidi Stolt, Nicole Sund, Karlee Finch, Mario Mejia, Denise A Pitts, Doug Henry, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Kyanta Yap, Rebecca Reineke, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Yvette Mocete, Cyrus Garay, Samuel Barbas, LadyGeek, Marin Kovachev, Penelope Misquitta, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Hoai Nam Tran, Kack-Kyun Kim, Michael Braun-Boghos, zjweele13, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Edla Paniguel, Thomas Mungavan, Jaron Blackburn, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, ReuniteKorea, Aaron Henson, Rohan Gupta, Begum Tutuncu, Brian Richards, Jørgen Østerpart, Tyron Jung, Carsten Tobehn, Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu, Gerald Onyango and alessandra tasso.

Пікірлер

  • The way of a story is told and illustrated is sometimes even more fascinating than the story itself.

    @Apero1Spritz@Apero1Spritz Жыл бұрын

    • Agreed!

      @gkjaerby2441@gkjaerby2441 Жыл бұрын

    • ❤

      @ItsJericho@ItsJericho Жыл бұрын

    • Someone should get a raise for illustrations.

      @pedroneto5@pedroneto5 Жыл бұрын

    • Tbh, I didn't really follow the story but the animations were great

      @lukerinderknecht2982@lukerinderknecht2982 Жыл бұрын

    • @@pedroneto5 yep.

      @gkjaerby2441@gkjaerby2441 Жыл бұрын

  • These illustrations are unreal, the artists truly do an amazing job making the stories even more interesting

    @sandygod@sandygod Жыл бұрын

    • true!

      @maxhill9254@maxhill9254 Жыл бұрын

    • I love how they always mimic the art style of whatever civilization they’re talking about.

      @megangibson5170@megangibson5170 Жыл бұрын

    • Agreed

      @Yummerrrrssssssssss2@Yummerrrrssssssssss2 Жыл бұрын

    • I love that different videos are animated in different styles too

      @keidot2.058@keidot2.058 Жыл бұрын

    • This specific one reminds me of DOUBLE KING - the music, the floating hands and the comedy.

      @imnimbusy2885@imnimbusy2885 Жыл бұрын

  • This was surprisingly civil. I thought there would be a war.

    @kylenetherwood8734@kylenetherwood8734 Жыл бұрын

    • Not everything was a war😅

      @ElizabethUkeh@ElizabethUkeh Жыл бұрын

    • ​@@ElizabethUkeh A lot of history is war, though.

      @PR0B4BLY_HUM4N@PR0B4BLY_HUM4N Жыл бұрын

    • @@ElizabethUkeh this isn't like the 30 years war - the popes were ralatively civil to each other but refused to concede to the other

      @duckymomo7935@duckymomo7935 Жыл бұрын

    • There actually were conflicts and battles fought, but not directly by the popes. These were fought by the various countries that supported them. Really countries used the fact that since one side supported a different pope, they could justify their choice to go to war and not be excommunicated for fighting one another, as their pope was a "heretic". This schism laid the groundwork (along with the corruption/abuses of power of the papacy in general) for the protestant reformation that came after.

      @sajdwajha@sajdwajha Жыл бұрын

    • Me too 😂

      @liliu5250@liliu5250 Жыл бұрын

  • Really feels like I'm watching a medieval manuscript. The art and animation are beautiful - please, more like this!

    @fakeskyler2305@fakeskyler2305 Жыл бұрын

    • @@sehajmeetsohal2397 No . . . just emulating the style of actual medieval manuscripts. Pentiment emulates that style, so does Inkulinati, and probably some other ones out there. It's a cool style but it's not owned by anyone

      @fakeskyler2305@fakeskyler23056 ай бұрын

    • @@sehajmeetsohal2397 Very similar style was also used in the animated segments from Monty Python and the Holy Grail. And the characters move how you would expect a 2d book character to move. I don't think there's any real link besides being inspired by the same artstyle.

      @fakeskyler2305@fakeskyler23056 ай бұрын

    • Agreed! We see a lot of this three-quarter head turn in many medieval manuscripts and tapestries.

      @thomasecker9405@thomasecker940525 күн бұрын

  • The animation style and artwork is stunning in this video

    @gorgon6680@gorgon6680 Жыл бұрын

    • I agree. I don't care that much about Popes but the art is interesting and imaginative!

      @johnnyearp52@johnnyearp52 Жыл бұрын

    • The thumbnail is a Spider man meme

      @powermaster9838@powermaster983810 ай бұрын

  • Love this medieval art-style animation! Ted-Ed never disappoints

    @frostincubus4045@frostincubus4045 Жыл бұрын

  • As a Catholic, I thank Ted-Ed for this. Church History is long, wild and complicated.

    @ThatTeleseryeGirl@ThatTeleseryeGirl Жыл бұрын

    • Catholics are not Christians though

      @jigsaw2253@jigsaw2253 Жыл бұрын

    • Yes, like a fairytale.

      @bobbymoss6160@bobbymoss6160 Жыл бұрын

    • thats why I cant take the doctrine of the papacy seriously, papacy ends if the papal line cannot trace their roots to St Peter nvm that apostolic succession is not even for papacy

      @duckymomo7935@duckymomo7935 Жыл бұрын

    • @@bobbymoss6160 yeah you can put it that way, very interesting and fascinating. 😄

      @niccolopaganini1782@niccolopaganini1782 Жыл бұрын

    • Fellow Catholic here. It’s important to learn the Church history for sure. Every aspect of it.

      @opwave79@opwave79 Жыл бұрын

  • Using medieval style of painting to make this video was one of the best artistic decisions this channel made in a very long time. Adding some Gregorian Chant was also a nice touch!

    @artiemanable@artiemanable Жыл бұрын

  • Dr. Rollo-Koster was my professor for my first ever college class. She is absolutely brilliant, and I’m so glad to see her work featured here!

    @christopherbove1760@christopherbove1760 Жыл бұрын

    • Me too! it's really amazing.

      @shiven513@shiven513 Жыл бұрын

    • @christopherbove1760 Any interesting stories from class?

      @TheWchurchill4pm@TheWchurchill4pm10 ай бұрын

    • Same here!

      @jakobthorpe8233@jakobthorpe82337 ай бұрын

    • Must have been a wild ride with someone called Rollo-Koster.

      @yxx_chris_xxy@yxx_chris_xxyАй бұрын

  • i had to watch this twice because the first time i was too enamoured by the amazing visual storytelling. the football game with death, the "almighty hand from above" which turned out to be controlled by the cardinals, slurping others' pasta, soooo creative

    @sahlahanifa8402@sahlahanifa8402 Жыл бұрын

    • it was the death and the music players for me

      @robynbrowne1277@robynbrowne1277 Жыл бұрын

  • I am digging this Pythonesque animation, it really fits the subject matter!

    @janmichaelcjamisola@janmichaelcjamisola Жыл бұрын

    • This was well said

      @gorgon6680@gorgon6680 Жыл бұрын

    • ❤

      @SlowToe@SlowToe Жыл бұрын

    • I just hope their animator didn't die of a heart attack

      @RealUlrichLeland@RealUlrichLeland Жыл бұрын

    • And there was much rejoicing.

      @jmsaffroy@jmsaffroy Жыл бұрын

    • @@RealUlrichLeland And the Lord did grin

      @Juan-ps3gg@Juan-ps3gg Жыл бұрын

  • I took a silence moment just to admire the beauty of the illustration, animation, and the sfx.

    @rlznns@rlznns Жыл бұрын

  • The illustrators should be awarded for this! Amazing work of art, history and clever humor. Congratulations

    @brunocostamonteiro1117@brunocostamonteiro1117 Жыл бұрын

  • I like how they put the execution of Jan Hus at 4:59-5:09. Nice touch, TED-Ed. Nice touch indeed.

    @kevin8712@kevin8712 Жыл бұрын

  • Speaking of medieval Papacy shennanigans, You should also portray the conflict between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, and their supporters: Guelphs and Ghibelines.

    @jarekwrzosek2048@jarekwrzosek2048 Жыл бұрын

  • The style for the animation is so obvious yet wonderfully executed. Love this!

    @margomez7074@margomez7074 Жыл бұрын

  • This is gorgeous video. The animators truly deserve a bonus for the magnificant artwork. One thing I think should have been added though, is that the Great Schism corresponded with the Hundred Years War between England and France (England of course, supported Rome, and France Avignon). Though this war did not take on a religious tinge, it did provide an interesting focal point for politics with English allies supporting Rome and France's allies Avignon. Lastly, the video says that this schism did not effect average Catholics. While it is correct that there were no major doctrinal differences, the schism did contribute to a growing apathy towards the Church and rise in popular piety. Amazing video.

    @jacobvanderhoeven1008@jacobvanderhoeven1008 Жыл бұрын

    • ... then, Luther.

      @veramae4098@veramae409811 ай бұрын

  • This is one of the most beautiful animated ted-ed videos, very interesting too , and I love the medieval touch❤

    @yuuko5ichihara@yuuko5ichihara Жыл бұрын

  • Nice Ted Ed used a meme in the thumbnail

    @Inky_101@Inky_101 Жыл бұрын

    • I KNOW AND ITS GREAT

      @caindain2179@caindain2179 Жыл бұрын

    • They did the thing

      @blazer9547@blazer9547 Жыл бұрын

    • I was thought no one gonna noticed it

      @svenandersen@svenandersen6 ай бұрын

    • Spidah men

      @ichibear4395@ichibear4395Ай бұрын

  • I like the fact that Ted-Ed used the medieval artstyle to this video even though this event took place in the late medieval age and hats off to Buzasi, Dementeva & Shmidt for drawing and animating this masterpiece

    @yourroyalchungusness@yourroyalchungusness Жыл бұрын

  • I so appreciate the time and effort that go into the illustration and lesson! What a fun and different way to learn :) it always reinvests me into learning various topics they discuss ❤ keep up the hard work, we love it!

    @lindseyw5449@lindseyw5449 Жыл бұрын

  • The animation, the chroma, the timing. Everything in this video is sublime and beautiful.

    @JoseLuis-rj9kq@JoseLuis-rj9kq Жыл бұрын

  • My favorite bit of animation at 1:54 😂😂😂 stunning work and storytelling TED-Ed!

    @skwagwok4097@skwagwok4097 Жыл бұрын

    • I was searching for this comment 😂😂

      @sherlynandria4894@sherlynandria489426 күн бұрын

  • I love the medieval style, but the little floating hands made this video. Thank you Ted-Ed for another wonderful work.

    @jessicawang4632@jessicawang4632 Жыл бұрын

  • This is probably The BEST Animated Work of TED ever !!!🔥🔥🔥

    @harishankergopakumar8324@harishankergopakumar8324 Жыл бұрын

  • MOREE, we need a whole series of history done like this thank you!! 💯✨

    @bozumoyo3277@bozumoyo3277 Жыл бұрын

    • MOREEEEEE!!!!

      @dylanfoto4356@dylanfoto4356 Жыл бұрын

  • The way it's presented and the animation 😍😍😍❤️❤️

    @hanve@hanve Жыл бұрын

  • I hope that in a few hundred years people dig up KZhead and saw this video and say that this is the art of the time.

    @auwanho@auwanho10 ай бұрын

  • I’m indulging in medieval history since I brainlessly never thought to take a class in it during college. It’s fascinating to me. Also, this video production top notch stuff.

    @opwave79@opwave79 Жыл бұрын

    • Needless toss of money if it's not related to your degree anyways. You can learn everything they would have taught yourself, as you are doing!

      @ebonymaw8457@ebonymaw8457 Жыл бұрын

    • ​@@ebonymaw8457 Only as an amateur tho. Not where the cutting-edge conversations on the topics are happening.

      @alalalala57@alalalala57 Жыл бұрын

  • The follow up video you suggested at the end, I must say, I did not expect that!

    @nickzardiashvili624@nickzardiashvili624 Жыл бұрын

  • Using danse macabre trope in this video is like a cherry on the top of awesomeness. So creative!

    @joannadziedzinska1337@joannadziedzinska1337 Жыл бұрын

  • Absolutely loved the narrator and the illustrations😍

    @sgsm424@sgsm424 Жыл бұрын

  • "...even those who are supposed to be pious are prone to petty power struggles." Man, that is deep.

    @y_wintersnow@y_wintersnow Жыл бұрын

  • "But regardless of how the schism ended, its existence proves that even those who are supposed to be pious are prone to petty power struggles." Truth at the end.

    @jahidtanvir@jahidtanvir Жыл бұрын

  • the art in the video is AMAZING. kudos to the hardworking creators!

    @wse4428@wse4428 Жыл бұрын

  • This illustration was amazing!!!!

    @djb903@djb903 Жыл бұрын

  • As usual, superb narration and illustration! ❤

    @deleozremson5403@deleozremson5403 Жыл бұрын

  • Monty python aesthetic and Spider-Man pointing as cherry on top, well done!

    @BeaverChainsaw@BeaverChainsaw Жыл бұрын

  • The thumbnail is where the iconic *Office Gun-pointing* meme originated 😂

    @jhalak5452@jhalak545211 ай бұрын

  • Absolutely perfect mix of animation, script, and narration.

    @BallotBoxer@BallotBoxer Жыл бұрын

  • Terrific explanation! (Also very entertaining graphics!)

    @rgnyc@rgnyc Жыл бұрын

  • My respect for Ted ed has increase exponentially for that meme in the thumbnail.

    @mariustan9275@mariustan9275 Жыл бұрын

  • The animations are top notch again thanks

    @kurax9115@kurax9115 Жыл бұрын

  • Like always, Ted ed has successfully inculcated knowledge and information for us💗

    @malafanai1357@malafanai1357 Жыл бұрын

  • I’m plentifully pleased by the presentation of this perplexing papal predicament.

    @Basta11@Basta11 Жыл бұрын

  • The art and animation in this video is superb!!

    @Imperiused@Imperiused Жыл бұрын

  • There are two competing -standards- popes. -Engineers- Cardinals: "lets create a new -standard- pope to unite everything" There are three competing -standards- popes.

    @battlesheep2552@battlesheep255210 ай бұрын

  • This entire episode reads like a Monty Python skit, and I love it

    @ST0AT@ST0AT Жыл бұрын

  • I love how the art style matches the time period of the video

    @queenj.a.3311@queenj.a.3311 Жыл бұрын

  • I am from the Castellón Province and I have been more than once to the castle of Pope Benedict XIII, Papa Luna, in Peñíscola; we say of a stubborn person that they "sigue en sus trece;" they stay in their thirteen, after his papal number.

    @sandradermark8463@sandradermark8463 Жыл бұрын

  • I love the spiderman reference in the thumbnail

    @gamechip06@gamechip06 Жыл бұрын

  • Ahh the illustration is amazing!

    @esteb6544@esteb6544 Жыл бұрын

  • Alright folks, get ready for the next Pope Fight!

    @jessicajayes8326@jessicajayes8326 Жыл бұрын

    • OSP represent!

      @jerseygirlinatl7701@jerseygirlinatl7701 Жыл бұрын

    • @@jerseygirlinatl7701 with ERB rap battles of 3 of them.

      @marcobuncit7539@marcobuncit7539 Жыл бұрын

    • @@jerseygirlinatl7701 That's right!

      @jessicajayes8326@jessicajayes8326 Жыл бұрын

    • I was looking for these specific words in the comments. OSP represent, indeed!

      @innocentlyjaded@innocentlyjaded10 ай бұрын

  • Brilliant animation. Thank you. 😊

    @SN-sz7kw@SN-sz7kw Жыл бұрын

  • This has to be in top 10 among most interesting ted ed videos ever 🤣😅. Kudos to the filmmakers

    @medardbitangimana4580@medardbitangimana4580 Жыл бұрын

  • The illustrations are beautiful!

    @jjmac83@jjmac83 Жыл бұрын

  • Love the detail of the burning of Jan Hus.

    @kubikkuratko188@kubikkuratko18810 ай бұрын

  • 1:22 good ilustration I Always appreciate and respect to this animators

    @rakaswara_vyatrantra@rakaswara_vyatrantra Жыл бұрын

  • As a devout Catholic, I enjoyed this video. Nicely done. But to be clear, the Catholic Church has always had only one pope at a time as far as the office goes. The others are considered as anti-popes, or in Benedict XIV’s case, he was Pope Emeritus (a title, not the office) upon abdication.

    @SowerOfMustardSeed@SowerOfMustardSeed Жыл бұрын

    • The anti-pope is whoever your faction doesn't support lol.

      @alalalala57@alalalala57 Жыл бұрын

    • @@alalalala57 its almost as if its all made up.

      @ironkraken7157@ironkraken7157 Жыл бұрын

    • @@ironkraken7157 lazy thinking

      @HodgePodgeVids1@HodgePodgeVids111 ай бұрын

    • @@HodgePodgeVids1 lazy comment

      @ironkraken7157@ironkraken715711 ай бұрын

    • @@ironkraken7157 Yea, but it’s not made up. The fact there is a unbroken chain of successors from Francis to Peter is testament to that. Fake anti popes claiming to be the bishop of Rome does not negate the real chosen successor.

      @HodgePodgeVids1@HodgePodgeVids110 ай бұрын

  • As someone coming from the region of Constance I really like the story around the council

    @byjordi2185@byjordi2185 Жыл бұрын

  • 1296? Ironically, in the movie version of Lord of the Rings Bilbo Baggins said that 1296 was a very good year, almost as old as he was at 111. Maybe he meant it was a good year in terms of wine vintage since he was referring to wine in that line. Who knows. lol

    @KTChamberlain@KTChamberlain Жыл бұрын

  • I can just hear Blue chanting "POPE FIGHT POPE FIGHT POPE FIGHT!" in the background XD

    @hannahdawg6829@hannahdawg6829 Жыл бұрын

  • Fine animation skills on this one and the art is beautiful!

    @cuber9320@cuber9320 Жыл бұрын

  • The animation is spectacular. Wow

    @bluestivy9975@bluestivy997511 ай бұрын

  • Great job with the style

    @macmedia1000@macmedia1000 Жыл бұрын

  • the music in this episode is sooo fun

    @ramkumarm8957@ramkumarm8957 Жыл бұрын

    • I just love the jester and the monk playing it! This video was delightful. I have studied this in school, but this was the best I have ever understood it, while being entertained at the same time.

      @barbarak2836@barbarak2836 Жыл бұрын

  • Beautiful art style!❤

    @sammyy1105@sammyy1105 Жыл бұрын

  • Top notch animation and presentation -!!!!

    @Nightinggale98@Nightinggale98 Жыл бұрын

  • The alliteration in this episode is just top notch

    @kubdep@kubdep Жыл бұрын

  • animation is incredible. give them a raise!!

    @rayhem@rayhem Жыл бұрын

  • 1:52 i never thought I needed a skeleton and a pope holding hands and dancing but here I am watching this video a second time just for this.

    @pisces2569@pisces2569 Жыл бұрын

  • The little sounds the tiny pope makes near the end. So cute and hilarious. lol

    @GanesaAudrey@GanesaAudrey Жыл бұрын

  • Excellent illustrations!

    @Phartonium@Phartonium Жыл бұрын

  • I love the animation! It's great!

    @vlara9139@vlara913911 ай бұрын

  • Here for the Spider-Man meme thumbnail

    @johnbuhrmanfegan@johnbuhrmanfegan4 ай бұрын

  • The Raid with Bonifaciis is very from in Italy, especially becasue a noble roman allied with Philp slapped the Pope when he was in his palace in Agnagni. We commonly called those episode as "Slap of Angagni"

    @carlocumino824@carlocumino824 Жыл бұрын

  • so well animated best channel ever

    @zaqarius@zaqarius8 ай бұрын

  • Whoever did the animation made an amazing job!!! Bravo.

    @workingstudentera@workingstudentera Жыл бұрын

  • I never thought I would one day witness Popes playing football

    @Frimpa-MJEB@Frimpa-MJEB Жыл бұрын

  • gorgeous art style!

    @helenebazblack@helenebazblack Жыл бұрын

  • How to make videos with such art. Simply stunning!

    @mmcooe@mmcooe Жыл бұрын

  • “Where would Catholicism be without the popes” Oscar Nunez

    @MuddieRain@MuddieRain Жыл бұрын

    • "Well, you got us the brainy discussing over liturgy & stuffs." --probably John Calvin ---

      @marcobuncit7539@marcobuncit7539 Жыл бұрын

  • Devout Catholic here. Thanks Ted Ed for this

    @israelm87@israelm87 Жыл бұрын

  • The Vivid evolution of human story telling and illustration in unmatchable! One of real success for our tribes

    @udhaybalamurali8901@udhaybalamurali8901 Жыл бұрын

  • one of the best ted animations ever . who did it.

    @pedroaugusto656@pedroaugusto656 Жыл бұрын

  • If you are a pretender to the papacy you're known as the Antipope which is the coolest title out there.

    @mankytoes@mankytoes Жыл бұрын

    • By the same logic, we should call Trump the Antipresident.

      @robertfaler1947@robertfaler1947 Жыл бұрын

    • I guess they're made of antimatter.

      @razi_man@razi_man Жыл бұрын

  • Awesome illustration!!

    @deepanshchaudhary5094@deepanshchaudhary5094 Жыл бұрын

  • Beautiful animation!

    @marijntaal1531@marijntaal1531 Жыл бұрын

  • Awesome as always thanks

    @mecahhannah@mecahhannah Жыл бұрын

  • Great animation and a great depiction of nothing like a good old pope fight.

    @robertstone9150@robertstone91507 ай бұрын

  • the animation is just awesome

    @phylosophersstoned43@phylosophersstoned43 Жыл бұрын

  • Now this the PvP I was waiting for!

    @uniwasamistake6334@uniwasamistake6334 Жыл бұрын

  • One of the best animation and storytelling so far

    @artenikat@artenikat Жыл бұрын

  • fun fact, in ancient Rome, the highest religious office was that of the Pontifex Maximus. That title survived for over 2000 years, as popes still retain Pontifex Maximus as one of their official titles. Julius Caesar was pontifex maximus before he died, meaning that besides being dictator of Rome, he was also the pope

    @Moon-li9ki@Moon-li9ki Жыл бұрын

    • Isn’t the Pope normally the dictator of Rome 😜?

      @UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana Жыл бұрын

    • J.C. definitely wasn't a pope. The Romans in his time still had their "own" pantheon copied by the Greek and others ^^'

      @_jpg@_jpg Жыл бұрын

    • Pope is a different title. Pontifex Maximus just means "ultimate bridge-builder" as priests are supposed to be the bridge between the earthly and the spiritual. Is Xi Jinping the President of the United States just because he uses the word President after George Washington used it?

      @whitebeans7292@whitebeans72929 ай бұрын

  • The animation is SUPERB.

    @matthewona@matthewona Жыл бұрын

  • The animation in this video is really fun to watch

    @writethatdown100@writethatdown100 Жыл бұрын

  • The animations are so good

    @donyasigalesin1087@donyasigalesin1087 Жыл бұрын

  • I have toured the “Palace of the Popes” at Avignon. Avignon also has some interesting old houses of papal “nephews” (sons).

    @censusgary@censusgary Жыл бұрын

  • Same type of power conflict was going on in the Holy Roman Empire (basically Germany and north Italy) at the same time when there were several contenders for being emperor at the same time and these now being known as anti-kings.

    @kaloarepo288@kaloarepo288 Жыл бұрын

  • What song are the people playing the recorder playing!? I’ve been looking for it everywhere!!

    @JustKen470@JustKen4708 ай бұрын
KZhead