Scientific Evidence that the Puma Punku H-Blocks Are Artificial Geopolymer | Ancient Architects
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Puma Punku is part of a large ancient structure that forms part of the Tiwanaku site in Western Bolivia, believed to date back to around 536 AD.
It is a truly incredible feat of engineering. Some blocks of stone are more than 7 metres long, weighing more than 130 tonnes. Some are made of a type of red sandstone, which would have had to have been transported up a steep incline to reach the site, whilst other blocks, including the famous H-blocks, are made of the volcanic rock Andesite.
But a new study from Joseph Davidovits, Luis Huaman and Ralph Davidovits, called Ancient organo-mineral geopolymer in South-American Monuments: Organic matter in andesite stone. SEM and petrographic Evidence, shows that far from being incredibly carved rocks, what we are looking at are two forms of ancient geopolymer concrete.
The andesite rocks contain organic matter, which is unheard of for a volcanic rock and therefore indicate it is made by artificial means. It may also mean that soon, the researchers may be able to Carbon-14 date the rocks of Puma Punku and we can finally have a good indication of just how old this famous site really is.
All images are taken from Google Images for educational purposes only. Some images also come from the paper below.
Subscribe to Brien Foerster's channel: / brienfoerster
Read the new paper by Joseph Davidovits, Luis Huaman and Ralph Davidovits: www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Read the first paper on the sandstone geopolymer at www.sciencedirect.com/science...
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If it contains organic matter, can't it be accurately carbon dated?
...I guess I should have finished the video before asking that question...
Ancient Architects Excellent video, very cool can’t wait for more!
Brien Foerster “Notice the superior Caucasian stone work underneath the inferior Inca work” Tell me how this is not aged-old white supremacy. This damages the dignity of indigenous people, you exploit indigenous people. This is just more of the same colonialism and erasure of indigenous identity. It is hippy sponsored cultural genocide.
Finally! As a retired mechanical draftsman and machine designer, I knew these were molded blocks the 1st time I saw them years ago. Didn't know the process but the end result is painfully obvious to a trained eye. Fascinating...can't wait for the carbon dating...
So what is your theory about the Pyramides?
@@tomc.1587 Want to hear a really wild one. Precast blocks, which were magnetized so they would self-align. Then de-magnetized. Pretty cool huh? B
Carbon dating of inorganic material ...?
@@fooslinger They found organic material inside volcanic rock. Isnt possible. So it looks like its pulverized and turned into "forever" concrete. Which can be dated.
the pyramid casing stones, were found to have fossils, some ground up, some not so much, but still very small anyway. probably they also used some kind of geopolymer. the colossi of memnon in egypt were described in ancient times to have been made/repaired with some kind special cement. i forgot the name, but some greek historian hundreds of years ago, described the cement as different from normal, and a bit expensive. some other historian(probably the same) also described it as similar to dough when making bread. also, the egyptians had normal concrete, made of cement, sand, and rocks. examples can be found at alexandria. there are also old and large statues with large and heavy megalithic stone inside them. these were shaped to have the general outline of the statue, and to act as a filler. then they cover it with granite based geopolymer and put designs on them. obelisks are still a big mystery, but they could also be made in a similar fashion to the colossi of memnon where you have the megalithic block, shaped acording to design, and lifted into position and then geopolymer is used for the rest, and for the fine details. there are some granite obelisks with designs on them. it would make more sense to put the design on the geopolymer, as it is curing. when it hardens you end up with a design on artificial granite which can last for thousands of years.
I don't know the method of producing a organic cement but, the blocks resemble a casting. Finally a theory that matches the evidence!
Regardless of how they were made, I would have just loved to have seen what the whole place looked like in its prime. It’s must have been such an impressive sight.
Puma Punku is one of my favourite mystery ruins. The precision engineering is mindblowing.
The precision is highly exaggerated by ancient alien/tech theorists. Many of the inconsistencies can be seen with bare eyes. The archeologists and scientists who've studied these have stated the same thing. 1:51 the first "H" the inside of the first column is "bowing" inward and is shorter on the right side. You can also see the inconsistencies in the middle throught the stones.
@jonathanmosher72 sounds like you have an axe to grind with someone else dude
@@jonathanmosher72 that doesn't change anything? Not an alien theorist (I'm a Christian), but picking out minor mistakes in a several thousand year old building comes off as dismissive and arrogant rather than respectful.
@@jonathanmosher72ssshhh. Go shove that theory of yours somewhere else
@@IAmAlpharius20 Dismissive of what?
I get so happy seeing other people actively sharing academic studies that we probably wouldn’t normally see. I’m increasingly impressed with this community.
No one cares what impresses an employee.
They haven't got a clue how it looked. The ammount of excavation needed is huge compared to what's visible now
But to figure that out they have to start somewhere.
I agree they only guess. The whole site looks as if it was hit by enormous explosions. Also Christopher Dunn made some interesting models of the function of the H blocks as in his engineering viewpoint they can serve a type of hinge.
It does give us some idea what kind of buildings they might have been used for.
Look... we know it’s either tombs or places of worship. No need to look farther! Lol 😂
@@johnmqueripel2367 Check out the terrain on google earth. Track the journey of a mudslide from the high mountains that surround the plateau. It appears to have been devastated by an enormous mudslide. Maybe triggered by a meteor strike somewhere or perhaps a solar outburst.
Out of all strange archeological findings, this one really looks advanced
To me, Puma Punku is the most fascinating ancient site currently known outside of Egypt. The idea that the stonework there is of geopolymer origin absolutely makes sense, but that can't be the whole story. Considering many of the stones present have extremely small and precise holes and other details that couldn't be formed in a cast or mold, those finer details must have been achieved by carving or drilling with tools beyond what the mainstream narrative would attribute to the people of the period in which it was supposedly built. I also question the dating that the mainstream narrative assigns to the site, so the fact that there is organic matter present in the geopolymer mix is something I am VERY happy to hear about as it opens the door to carbon-14 dating as you said. By having multiple samples tested by multiple labs, the results could be used to reach a consensus dating for the site; if that aligns with the mainstream narrative, fine, I'll admit I was wrong, but if it doesn't . . . well, it might be time to think about updating the narrative. I know you've been focused largely on Peruvian ancient sites in your recent videos, but I hope you'll revisit Puma Punku in a forthcoming video to fill us in on any new developments! Amazing video!
A hole can easily be cast. For instance, if wood was used to form a hole, it could easily be chiselled out or burned to release it from the cast.
I moved to Peru one year ago. There is a small "temple" in the Sacsayhuamán park where we go to have huachuma ceremonies. There are very old (~12,000 years, unconfirmed) rock walls with the stones that fit perfectly together, like in the walls you see in other parts of Cusco, Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo, and elsewhere throughout the Sacred Valley. There is a gigantic boulder in the creek where we go, about 20 feet in diameter, that appears to be limestone. It has steps, footholds and handholds, benches, and a chakrana, apparently "carved" into it. I believe this rock, also, was poured as a liquid that then solidified. On the top of the rock are some deep pits, about 1.5 feet deep, that look like somebody walked across the top of the rock while the "cement" was still wet. They are spaced and shaped like footprints of an ordinary human being. But it is the hardest limestone I have ever come across. If you are interested, I can send you some photographs of the rock "temple", and the walls around it. The footprints seem to be a dead giveaway that rock was made in liquid form. It's in the Llaullipata portion of Sacsayhuamán. Apparently, there are 328 of these "temples" symmetrically placed in a ring around Cusco.
would love to see those pics!
(~12,000 years, completely imagined)
@BeyondThe Veil "seem to be a dead giveaway that rock was made in liquid form" Presumably there would also have been most of the person's foot in the same print since the heat required to melt the granite would have been about 1200 centigrade (or if chemically induced, enough to fuse the foot to the step!)
@@htlein The stones went through vitrification which forms a glass like coating. This can only happen under very very high temperatures. They certainly weren't carved like that and they aren't naturally fitted together like that. How do you think it was done?
Please take pictures and share. Video is better.
Geopolymer! Finally, it's been scientifically confirmed. That is huge. Can the same tests be done elsewhere: Egypt?
I imagine it may start a race to the bottom (excuse the pun) if the age comes back in competition with the likes of Egypt as their ancient civilisation will then become effectively relatively recent history.
This is incredible. Can't wait for the naysayers who will have to argue that organic matter can be naturally mixed with stone.
Its c0ncrete. Geopolymer IS concrete. Big surprise they made foundations just like we do.
@@valorouswolf8853 Geopolymer is not plain concrete. The first geopolymer building (in our civilization) was completed in 2013. Please do basic fact checking.
@@wtfronsson yes it is. Its just a specific mix of concrete but still is by definition concrete/cement. There are actually an incredible amount of differing mixes of concrete all with their own names but still all concrete.
As a retired carpenter it is obvious looking at those H stones that they were made by pouring a liquid mixture into a form, and those huge rocks in Machu Pichu were probably made the same way
The "H" blocks resemble the stone version of steel straps that hold wood beams for roof trusses, or floor trusses. They are set on their side. The "H" shape needs to be facing upwards. They probably fit on top of columns and then allow stone or wood beams to fit into them like a post and lintel structure.
I was thinking of something similar.
When taken into consideration that the blocks were made by an ancient process for concrete, it makes a lot more sense than if they had tried to cut stones so precisely and repeatedly. All they need do is pour their concrete into a shaped mold on site, then set the stone blocks in place after each one was annealed. In short they need not ever transport any large blocks from a mining location to the final construction location. Instead they would have used far smaller stones that could more easily be ground up and added to their organic binding agent right at the building site. That they chose to manufacture such large blocks to fit together, ala Lego style, shows how truly advanced they must have been. And given the fact that once annealed, the "H" blocks would still be enormously heavy to move and manipulate, they still must have had some advanced form of lifting and placing the blocks. The question is why do we not see more sites like Puma Punku throughout Meso- and South America? Such an advanced construction process must have taken many years of development, trial and error, failures and ever increasing successes. So where are all of those sites? Also, should there not be evidence of a large milling and grinding operation to mix the stone/organic blend into concrete?
Quick thoughts on your comment: There wouldn’t need to be a mill if the raw material was transported to the site in particulate form, as sand from the foot of the volcanic base. Also: large production sites would require a motivational organization, like a church, dogma, political organization or… brand. Currently, I work in a field that is dominated by large athletic companies. They focus manufacturing where their financial interest lies. Their clout shapes regional economies, and although they have a global presence, their base of operations is MUCH different than the majority of cities across the USA, due to the proximity of their presence. It’s possible that this area is simply the headquarters of the people who devised the method, or (more likely) the equidistant area between all the required materials. KISS principal.
I think the obvious response is to declassify the blocks found at Puma Punku, as volcanic. After all, where is the source for the reasoning behind finding those blocks as volcanic?
It is very well possible with small population numbers at the time and tribal wars that scientific breakthroughs in isolated domains were kept to the 'tribe'. There was no globalisation then, or cross pollination between the scientists of the times.
Also I noticed the article places these stones at 600AD. That's well after the roman era, who were known to have made use of concrete made with volcanic ashes. Seeing how we have no idea how much communication there was between continents at the time, it isn't impossible that the principle of concrete/geopolymer was brought into South American societies.
This was the theory put forth by my associates Joseph Davidovits and Margie Morris in the 1990s, linking the granite, andesite and limestone blocks to geopolymers as in Egypt.
Now as probably many people will say, I really want someone to learn how to recreate the the geopolymer matrix used and mold a new H block. That would be really awesome to see and go a long way to proving that this is definitely how it was done.
It's just STONE. Geez, how credulous are you?
Concrete is stone mixed with cement. Pour into moulds and wait for the mix to set. The Romans used pozzolan (a volcanic powder) as cement. To suggest the Inca within a vast volcanic area could not make a similar “glue” is seriously unfair to the ingenuity of ancient Americans.
@@davidelliott5843 well said.
There are companies that all ready do what you are asking but those are trade secretes. They mainly do marble and know you see it in a lot of construction material. Also keep in mind the cement guys wouldn’t be happy if someone produced “cement” that last forever? 😉😉. Think about it, 20 ton stone being moved with 10,000 slaves or move that stone in baskets with 100 workers?
Easier said than done mate. The andesite powder is easy to obtain, just get some from a local quarry and grind them to dust. The problem is that biological binder the ancients used. It's one thing detecting these microparticles in a electronic microscope and quite another to figure out the exact chemical solution they used. To me this proof is not necessary but some people cling to "must have scientific proof" like science is a god. Joseph Davidovits, the man who reinvented geopolymers in our time, has made a successful experiment recreating a few of the megalithic stones of the Giza pyramids so i trust that he knows what he is talking about.
This makes more sense than any other explanation that I've heard about these H blocks
I just realized about these blocks being interchangeable....something we didnt do again until the 1800s with machined parts....that alone is amazing beyond belief!
Impossible. they could not make an accurate 3D model of puma punku because many blocks are missing, have been quarried, or are still buried.
That’s what I thought as well
Its obviously an incomplete model, and also probably just an educated guess
I am surprised some clever bod has not made a computer model and run it repeatedly to see if the computer can match the blocks, rather than just try 3 model, a computer could run hundreds of different predictions
@@Taz6688 when I went (I'm Peruvian so I'm close) only the archaeologists around there are allowed to see beyond the touristic route. Seeing their ages I honestly doubt they have neither the curiosity (history here is a bit eurocentrist so they assume there is nothing complex to discover) nor the knowledge in CAD to make a 3D model or even notion to ask a student to draw it.
@@Taz6688 What a fantastic idea.
I agree with you that the sandstone might be a geopolymere.These huge,flat foundation stones are way too flat to transport them without cracking or damaging them. But the H-blocks are different: There are even some”unfinished “ ones on the site,that wouldn’t be if they were molded.They are all different in their proportions. On the shores of lake Titicaca they discovered the quarry of the andesite 80 km from Puma Punku. The andesite from the quarry also has magnetic properties and the ancients even built a canal to transport these specific stones. They were also masters in metallurgy.The site needs archeological excavation and specialists of various fields to unravel the mystery of this place. To this day Puma Punku is the oldest site we know,considered to be at least 17500 years old. The solstices are today 4% out of line,which points out to be built before the younger dryas event. Apparently it has been destroyed by this cataclysm 12000 years ago,the indigenous people tell that they found skeletons under the mud with elongated skulls.... What we can see at the site today is just the fantasy of the people who tried to rebuild it, but they haven’t been very successful by doing it.....
I watched a video on ancient Egyptian granite cutting techniques using a hand cutter, and you could clearly see the lines along the cut indicating the oscillating movement of the hand tool back and forth. I immediately thought of Puma Punku.... The lines along the cuts over time would disappear due to erosion by the elements but on the faces that are not exposed to the elements they would be more visible (if the builders of Puma Punku used a similar method of stone cutting). I came to the conclusion that the stonework could very well be casted and worked from wet instead of carved, thus giving the clean finishes across all planes, whether exposed to erosive forces or not. Very glad to see that this is a theory that is at least being discussed. Great work Ancient Architects
I like your approach to these subjects. No matter what you really think about any ideas presented you always keep and open mind to learning about new, mind changing discoveries. I keep hearing people saying how they couldn't have done something......didn't have the technology. They were thinking and communicating long before they ever did anything we could find evidence for now.
I'm not surprised, being a Toolmaker for 40 years. I've always believed our complete history has been largely hidden from us. I've often wondered if this site also has subterranean structure like Egypt?.
as a bullshiter for 40 years ive always believed our complete history is largely just a load of psycopathic scam artists making shit up so as to control distract and bleed the gullible masses, just watch the news, sorry no magic behind the curtain dorothy
I was there a few months ago; amazing! I heard from a local young guide that the vast majority of the artifacts are buried, up to 100 meters under the surface of the present ground layer as demonstrated by a camera on a snake, as used to insect pipes! However, after that was shown, all future excavation has been forbidden...
@@afmayer may i refer you to the previous comment. you paid a scam artist (local guide) to hear something exciting, not the truth, no one gets tips or votes for telling the truth
@@claudiaxander Let's open this can of worms. What is it that you believe?
@@claudiaxander Literally the biggest archeology cite finders have stated that less than 1% of Egypt has been uncovered, that most is still buried in unknown cites.
“It’s been taken for granted that...” the phrase that most single-handedly summarizes the problems that exist within the enshrined professional views and beliefs in this field. Also the very reason why I find questions, observations, and proposals like those you put forth in your videos to be so highly important and valuable. Kudos to the research team for advancing our understanding! And thank you for sharing something I otherwise would have never known.
It has been taken for granite yuck yuck yuck
"A WORD TO THE WISE!!!" This is a mind-blower!, the way you explain to the "layman" that's including myself. The summary of your view reflects that perspective I could not put into words. gracias, respect.
Humans land on Mars, the first thing they do, use the regolith to make ‘geopolymer’ in order to produce an environment humans feel at home in.
Yes! And this now further supports the idea that these manufactured blocks were poured. The strange knobs on blocks have always looked to me to be the cut off points, or nibs, which occur upon completion of each block.
And stones with knobs were world wide 12,000 years ago.
So, how would they have made such a perfect molds then? It seems that with the geopolymer theory, the mystery only gets bigger, don't you think? Anyway, this is an exciting study. I wonder if there was any follow-up research paper after this particular publication.
@@j.vonhogen9650 You are right -- that makes the mystery bigger.
Concrete Evidence, hmmm
Well said :-)
*rimshot*
Good one... chip off the old block.....
Carl Johansen - LOL!
@@RDDPro _cymbal crash_
That was an unbelievable episode….you are the content King!! Very exciting news once again delivered promptly to us Ancient History junkies lol
Finally a real explanation that doesn’t make me sound crazy when I talk about it
What if (speculating) the reason the on site team couldn't re-construct the believed structure is because its not the site's purpose. Meaning, there was no building. What if the huge foundations was for machinery used in 3-D Geo-polymer printing and it was a manufacturing site. We plan to use similar 3-D printing technology to colonize Mars. Houses are being built on earth with these methods today. This could explain why there are many duplicate components strewn about after the site was abandoned. The fact a team could create a building with computer modeling may just be how a person can create structures with random Legos because the parts are designed to fit together. Also, when abandoned, the machinery which was obviously valuable was taken with the builders. Its why i believe we find no tools of construction at major antiquity sites. In the modern age, construction workers don't leave their valuable tools behind.
Wise insight....consider where we will be in the not too distant future and extrapolate from there. I'll add what I always add; highly advanced, semi-autonomous A.I. E.T. Robots to do all the grunt work. And I'll also add that we must not grab onto any theory that fails to take the Big Picture into account; which includes unexplainable feats of construction that humans cannot replicate by any known means, such as Sacsayhuaman, Ollantaytambo, the Coricancha, the Serapeum, and Baalbek, and other megalithic sites around the world. Without the addition of the possibility of anti-gravitic technology we are left with no possibility of explaining such feats of engineering and construction.
I think you are onto something there. Hence why the existing large slabs are varied: for the various machinery used in the process of geopolymer slurry, the drill holes being the perimeter fixings of the machinery. These people knew their stuff.
We'll Mr Masón... that Sounds Fair enough for me. Now we got the factory, the late gone builders, part of the technique... It lefts us with the "Where are the fruits of that engeneering?" Where on Earth (let's hope so...) Did they play with them Legos...?
I was actually thinking that they aren't building blocks at all, but the molds and forms to MAKE the blocks. What we are looking at ARE the tools at the work site
Crazy talk. The structure was used to build neighboring cities at a later date in time. What it was, way up there, we may never know.
That’s great! Now the question becomes.....again....How’d they do that? Anyone whose ever messed around with something as simple as Quickcrete can begin to appreciate the scale of mixing equipment and timing that would require. And the precise forms, built strong enough and exact enough....presumably taken apart and reused. And we haven’t even begun on the formula for the mix. All done by people that one day decided to stop roaming around the country side...hunting and gathering? Personally I cant wait to hear and se all the speculations. Should be a hoot.
YES I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS MOMENT FOR YEARS!!!
God I wish it hadn’t been SO thoroughly destroyed, these sites and mysteries are my ABSOLUTE favorite parts of history and archeology. The people responsible for these structures were far beyond anything mainstream academia has begun to comprehend.
Ever since I watched your vid on geopolymer materials and block forming in Egypt, I had a gut feeling that these blocks at Puma Punku were also formed of concrete-like substance. And here's the evidence. It makes sense too. The magnetic anomalies are similar to the geopolymer blocks of Egypt - when cast, all the tiny magnetic dipoles line up. Also the carvings so precise and intricate do remind one of moldings. The ancient people could have used stone tools on soft materials to form the molds. Even more astounding is the notion that this technology surely links these builders with those of pre-Dynastic Egypt.
....need to find the molds or were they burned.??
Hard to believe , same design but not same size all would have to have there own cast.
i do not think these were "cast". i think you are the kind who might also think that swords are "cast". no. objects, and especially those that need to be durable, are NOT cast. even modern superalloys when turned into objects such as turbine blades are NOT cast. a greek historian described the making/renovation of the colossi of memnon. he described a certain special cement that was used as something similar to dough used for baking bread. also, there is a difference between cement and concrete. a geoplymer is a kind of cement. if you mix it with other objects such as rocks, then you end up with a kind of concrete. btw modern cement is completely different. nowadays we use various kinds, but usually portland cement. this isn't really the best kind of cement, ancient cement and geopolymers are alot better and last longer. the romans build concrete structures without reber reinforcement, but with a good design, and good cement you can make structures which last for thousands of years. also, how on earth are we gonna make durable objects out of runny cement. casting them is the easy way to do it, but its not durable, and especially if there is plenty of water in it. same thing goes for metals especially those with silicates in it. swords historically are hammer forged, and never cast. parts for military tanks' composite armor also never use only cast parts. even soviet tanks only had cast outer layer, on the inside are composite layout sometimes with RHA which are work-&-chemically hardened instead of cast.
most people who believe the myth that steel objects are cast ALWAYS! ALYWAYS! think that concrete, and/or cement are cast. those people fall into the same category. well. we dont have anything against them or anything. just trying to clear some misconceptions. if incorrect troupe keep getting repeated over and over again, more and more people will end up believing the same things and that will also affect future generations
we are talking about people here. why are you talking about steel and concrete? like i said, those people are in the same group. people who think things are always cast, will apply the same logic to other materials. and yes, not everyone is the same, there will always be exceptions. but oh please, why do you keep defending the guy. i never insulted him or anything. are you okay?
Wow! That is an amazing discovery! Your videos are always so reliably sane and make sense. No ancient alien theories, just good old fashioned human know-how!
Yeah...but from where? Who were these people? How did they learn this?... Raise more questions than answers...
Vitrification.
@@susannebrunberg4174 elongated skull people
@@mrbiscuits915 Exactly!
those who survived the Atlantian downfall and wars of those times. they would have retained much scientific and technological know how from that long era
Thank you for this video. This is very interesting I'm glad to hear that there are more recent findings unfolding.
How is it the stones look like they were just tossed over and around like childrens legos? They are too heavy to have been tossed about like that.
Matt, thanks for making this video. I believe the carbon testing of the organic material in the blocks is going to be a paradigm shifting moment, and I can't wait for the results.
You'll be disappointed, it's fitting the date of official history. It's not geopolymer the explanation. It's only chemical reaction used to melt the stones on surface.
You'll be disappointed, it's fitting the date of official history. It's not geopolymer the explanation. It's only chemical reaction used to melt the stones on surface.
You'll be disappointed, it's fitting the date of official history. It's not geopolymer the explanation. It's only chemical reaction used to melt the stones on surface.
Can we trust carbon dating??
my guess is that any new news on the age of some of these ancient structures, through carbon-dating, will probably be buried in an attempt to continue the narrative of fake-news propagated by mainstream historians and the like.
Fanstastic and serious scientific work from Davidovits's team. Thanks for feeding it to us so elegantly. The current mainstream narrative looks just as hard as these stones, and it can only be shaped by hard evidence such as this.
There is complete absence of mainstream acceptance and proven "scientific facts" related to speculations about the prehistoric geopolymer-concrete. From what I have found, there is complete lack of reliable secondary sources supporting the ideas of Joseph Davidovits. I do not see where in any of his papers that he has come close to either replicating prehistoric geopolymer-concrete or demonstrated them to be factual in any manner. In addition, the only papers supporting these ideas have Joseph Davidovits either as a senior or junior coauthor. There is a noticeable absence of any secondary reliable sources by professional scientists not associated Joseph Davidovits or his Institute that critically examine, much less support his ideas. At this point, it seems that the idea of the prehistoric geopolymer-concrete is a pet theory promoted by Joseph Davidovits which nobody else takes seriously enough to even discuss.
It makes sense, the romans figured out a similar thing “concrete” with volcanic ash. So what’s to say it’s not Bolivian concrete. Great video as always ta pal 🤘🇬🇧
Whoever built Puma Punku used amazing technology that we still dont understand. One thing we dont know is exactly how it was destroyed. Tthe site appears to have been hit by a massive tidal wave from Lake Titicaca. It was buried by many ft. of mud. Also, the multi ton blocks were thrown about like toys.
Like a Flood?
Many of us have been saying that Davidovits has the answer. I'm thrilled to see you brought forward this study. This is history changing. NOW if it IS possible to get some kind of consistently accurate date from the organic matter within the H blocks, we may see a huge change in the history of our planet. Kudos to Ancient Architects for following the science wherever it leads. Kudos to Davidovits, Huaman and the Geopolymer Institute.
….. but I’m afraid carbon dating would only show how old the organic matter is but it wouldn’t show how long ago that organic matter was incorporated into the h blocks 😯🥺….. it could show us the oldest it could possibly be, but couldn’t tell us when the organic matter was mixed into the lava powder in the mold to cast the h blocks 😢✌️
Yeah, nobody trusts archeologists anymore. I believe it is mainly because of all their strict methodologies, and research, and analysis and published findings, and PEER review. The video says "researcher's blitzed the entire site. Why didn't they just stick to the little Lego looking blocks they molded?
I always thought these blocks looked as if they were 3D printed. This new evidence seems to confirm my thoughts. Their is no doubt in my mind that we or they were more advanced than TPTB let's us to believe.
concrete mold ;)
This stuff boggles my mind , the ones who can afford to travel to all these locations are truly blessed !
Very exciting! I’ve been waiting for this info to come out!
They always looked cast rather than carved. Interesting to find what the carbon dating comes up with. Hope the results are not supressed if they suggest dating that mainstream archaeologists are not comfortable with. Great work
I work in construction and have always thought the same. Some of the little holes or abnormalities even look like they could be air bubbles in the mix.
Joseph Davidovits also studied the pyramids of Egypt and thinks some of the blocks may be geopolymer also. His work is pretty incredible.
Absolutely FANTASTIC ! Any news about the C14 time estimations of the organic matter since then?? It's been 3 years already!
1400 years old according to the latest update on the paper linked below the video
@@celsus7979 !! Quite impressive!!
Any updates for this? I have been looking at images and reading about Puma Punku for years and after seeing how the blocks fit together in the 3D model it these blocks must have been poured into shape. Amazing!
concrete ;)
Great job! I cant believe what they used to create these masterpieces. Why cant this site be fully unearthed?
Great expense, remote site, and lack of international interest.
Now, it'd be amazing if a team of experienced geochemists or experts in concrete formulations could go down and recreate the original formula using locally available materials. (For instance, pumice from that exact local source, ammonia derived from human or animal urine, etc)
I would be amazed too. That formulation would not last five minutes. Roman cement is fairly low tech and has amazing durability, but there is no evidence for that here, or anything like it. The stones are Granite.
How bout getting the Isida Project on that! These guys did some incredible work in Egypt with chemical analysis of the stones
@stevemccarron9469 organic inclusions,...did you watch the video?
Geopolymer sure does resolve a lot of unanswered questions.
This channel always has excellent videos, we all should be thankful.
Finally, I've been saying for years that those stones were some kind of ancient concrete i.e man made. They were to uniform to have not come out of a mould. Also some of the remaining cover stones on the pyramids in Egypt have always looked moulded to me.
No warpage ,that needs to be explained
Fascinating! And at last!
👍
Man, I love how often your Topics match with my Interests in archologic Sites. Such like Puma Punku, Balbek or Gizeh. Now your new Channel, subscribed and what should i say: without knowing more than the Topic............That´s the Story Randall Carlsen & Graham Hankock presented @JoeRogan???...............that was an amazing Podcast with lots of crazy Climate Data from (i think) serious Scientists and their Core Samples. Could be the origin of the Deluge.......😁 Really looking foward to watch your new Channel. Great Work
My father, who attended The Colorado School of Mines in the early 1950’s, journaled conversations with fellow students and a few of their professors on this topic. It never went anywhere because the funding of those “in charge” would be at risk...again. So, we all continue to exist in the confusing, grey lit world that is held together, not by truth but by greed. Anthropology, archaeology and paleontology must break free of this. So, thank you, thank you, thank you (and to Brien Foerster, Uncharted X, Robert Sepehr, Chris Dunn and many others who are working to let the light and truth in)!
Very interesting, look forward to hearing more 👍🏼
This is a very cool finding... I cannot wait for the C14 dating. that will be neat.
I might have mentioned this in the comments of one of your other videos but I remember coming across an account of Percy Fawcett that might be of interest here. He was hiking through the Amazon Rainforest and stopped to adjust his boots. In doing so he noticed that his horse spurs had starred melting and stopped before they fell off. He asked his guide and his guide asked him if he had hiked through a specific type of underbrush (can't recall the description). When Percy said he had the guide said that these plants were to blame and added that this was how the Inca's molded the stones for their tight fitting stonework (term used was "melted"). When you mentioned bits of rubber being found in the rock it immediately brought to mind that story.
Absolutely fascinating...thank you.
This is great news, Matt! I've watched Brian show the magnetic field within inset crosses in the stone changes as he moved a compass around in them; that's just one of the mysteries there. How can mainstream archaeologists and others claim with a straight face something so obviously ridiculous: that anyone could possibly achieve the exact right angles etc. seen in the monuments with stone tools? How sad. But this news that there is organic material included in the rock that can be Carbon 14 dated is fabulous! Even with some uncertainty, we can at last get some more accurate idea of the site's age than just the bogus assumptions of mainstream science.
many many stones have magnetic properties. this is no more than a parlor trick.
It may be wrong in this case as Evidence seems to suggest, but stone masons with hand tools can and do achieve the exact right angles etc. That in itself is not a good rebuttal of "main stream" at all. You can't just throw out what is known on a whim without detailed a explanation. Humans now or in the past have skills and tools to get results, Roman Aqueducts, Concrete and the Egyptian Pyramids come to mind.
@@stultusvenator3233 Absolutely. I can give you an exact right angle in the middle of your yard with nothing but a wooden stake and a piece of string. I can also give you the other three corners if you want a perfect square. If you want perpendiculars at any specified distance apart, I can give you those as well. Angles are a bit more work, but doable. If you want the above on paper, all i need is the drawing compass out of a child's $2.00 drawing kit. Basic applied geometry. What folks forget is that people 10,000 years ago lacked formal education and modern tools, not intelligence.
Thanks for the great video and info!
Wow - Just WOW!! Fantastic info/video.... thank you!!!!!
There is another aspect that you haven't mentioned here; the complex magnetism of each block. The face of the stones seems to emit a monopolar magnetic field at right angles to the face. It even changes direction as the face changes at right angles! Very mysterious.
@Orbitalsan They were carved, not cast.
Excellent sleuthing as always Matt. I have to disagree partially with the 'H' blocks being made in molds. Brien Forster has pointed out several times that these blocks are not identical in size and shape. He also points out that while most are finished with sharp right angle corners in side and out; there are a couple that are not so precisely finished on the inside corners where they are rough and rounded. The analysis of the stone definitely looks to artificial but we won't know until they are able to sample some of the actual blocks instead of just shards from outside the official site. I also believe that the large intricately fit megalithic blocks found at many sites around the world are likely geo polymer or where formed by some method of softening them and using 'spatulas' to shape their externals.
And to think that, in history textbooks, the Romans were credited with inventing mortar... It must have been around for quite a few millennia. But on several continents? That's quite something, considering that the wheel was less widespread.
Also… -How were the giant molds built? -How were the giant molds manipulated and moved to remove the casted stones once finished? -The molds would have to be strong enough to withstand tons of pressure from wet material for a LONGGGG time without breaking. Sorry but I call BS
Holy shit this is amazing. Thank you!
This is fascinating stuff man.
It still takes advanced technology to form these huge molds and make the blocks in only one pour. Large mechanical mixing machines would be needed for consistency of the mix. Then the form boards have to be machined meticulously plumb, square, and level then mechanically reinforced. Plus they still need heavy machinery like a derrick or hydraulic rotator to move them around. It's still a deep mystery.
Totally fascinating, I’m hoping that the research is not closed down.
Wonderful video. If these stones were made in molds we need to explain why each stone is a different size and shape. No H block is identical to any other. This would mean that each stone was made from its own individual mold!! This would require so much more work than if they sued just the one mold. Especially since the corners and angles are so perfect.
Davidovits already claimed the Gizah pyramids to be made of geopolymers. No one in the field takes that idiot serious.
…..so then, show me one set of molds. 🤔🫤
I agree; each “H” is unique. So, each had it’s own mold? 🤔 Likely? And where are those molds?🫤
5:02 mind blowing... 🤔😲💥 Also shocked this wasn't suggested to me for so long..
incredible info , thanks for sharing .
This could be revolutionary information. Well done here as usual
Thanks for watching
If it was true it would be
geopolymer was invented in 1980s your telling me they had this thousands of years ago with copper tools lmao
The longer you research megalithic sites on your own the faster you come to the conclusion that archaeologists at large don't know what the hell they're doing. Like other people have pointed out, how can archaeologists event hope to reconstruct something if the site isn't even fully excavated? Hubris at work.
They are all bought or threatened if they say that anything is older than what orthodox archaelogy says (written by the NWO Zionist Satanist cabal)
Nicholas Wyant same thing with scientists coming up with a full scale reconstruction of extinct animals when they only have one bone
@@mariaangelicabrunellsolar7086 Sometimes it's not an evil plot. Take a look at the grades university courses require for studying Archaeology. They are very low - present day archaeologists are not very high IQ people in general.
@@JohnSmith-wo2fz It's not difficult to understand why intelligent young people don't want to study archaeology anymore! You only need to watch a few of Brien Foster's, Graham Hancock's, etc. etc. publications to clearly see that archaeology has been lying to us for decades. There are many cases of brilliant careers destroyed after their research exposed their lies, I don't have the references at hand, but can send them if you are interested.
@@mariaangelicabrunellsolar7086 I would like them pls send
this is completely door opening to so many sites now. ive always thought the older walls at maccu piccu were made with some sort of concrete that they would put in a bag and line them up let em dry they stack another concrete sack ontop rinse and repeat. AMAZING VID TY
i cant believe this is 4 years old D:
as fascinating as it was, as always, meticulous - thnx Matt
But...we still have the even more curious quarries that seemed to show that the excavation areas had the same near perfect right angles remaining presumably after rock was removed. 'Geopolymer' does not explain that.
They think they used Bigfoot feces to make the polymer so..... it is all bullshit.
Yes, I have seen many videos of quarry sites that show where the stones are mined from! How did the crush this stuff to a perfect powder to mix!!?? I call bullshit!!
Are there such quarries near Puma Punku? Looks like there'd be nothing much stopping anyone from getting samples there to put under the microscope. Any volunteers?
Geopolymer quarries
This discovery on applies to the H Blocks. The other stones still had to be quarried as you describe.
This recipe needs to be recreated... to prove accepted science wrong...
kzhead.info/sun/pcpyoa9xiIaipGg/bejne.html
Look until the end and you´ll get the answer.
WOW! I have tingles running down my spine! Brilliantly presented. And you have a new channel??!! Subscribed. 👍
I mean, I’ve been observing Puma Punku through media since the “in search of” days, and it wasn’t till this video that I said “well, THAT makes sense”. I’m a sculptor and creative production engineer, have been for over 20 years, and if I was gonna build a megalithic site, I’d immediately suggest casting it. (Much to the dismay of the PM’s). Naturally occurring rubber is available on the South American continent, so it seems obvious that the indigenous peoples there would be using it for any number of purpose. It’s a small step to scale up the mold making process for this undertaking. Well done. Thank you for posting this.
Only way to prove otherwise (that it wasnt manmade rocks) is to find a quarry with stones that broke or cracked or are unfinished.
The straightforward way to prove would be if we had video of someone making stone like that. There is none though. Hence this is only a theory.
phenomina[ travel vidios maybe not spelled exactly right but please look at it he has undeniable evidence or proof call it what you like
@@believernumber9 my bro praven mohan 😌
@@jenshansen2766 geopolymer institute made exactly the vid you are asking for!!
@@patsmith5189 Ah, thanks! Found it! Well it's some years old too. Looks like everyone could replicate. Crazy how this is not recognized. Should also be an easy way to build very sturdy buildings. kzhead.info/sun/npSnf9uXnJSjeqM/bejne.html
I can't help but imagine what the molds for the polymer rock to have been poured into, looked like. What they were made of and if it was a whole building/area itself they did this at, or if it was something they could do just wherever.
this short shows how we use such mold today for concret (kzhead.infozTAsR4UYZ6s) i bet they did the same or something similar
Possibly built moulds into the ground and dug up the result after it had dried
Very good mini-documentary! Thanks!
mixed it is like a clay texture and once worked a beam is focused and that is the hardening finishing !
Ive always wanted to go look at the H stones and find any flaw in 1 (like an anomaly in a mold) & check the same spot on the others to see if it repeated itself. But if they had the ability to do this I'm sure they had multiple molds .
Good idea but i think molds are usually pretty much destroyed when removed from the end product.
@@davedav214 It depends. With modern concrete work the forms are removed, but the form components are generally re-used. I have several hundred feet of mow strips and edging in my yard that I used the same lumber to form up as I poured the concrete over the course of last summer. If one of those boards had an imperfection great enough to imprint on the concrete, then that imprint would be present many times in my landscaping.
The blocks definitely look like they were made in a mold. Nice Video!
Cheers
If they were made with a mold they would all be exactly the same and they are not
Dave stints True, but there could have been multiple molds or the cast or mold could have been destroyed each time from having to chisel it out. What is your theory?
They actually look like mold tooling. The tapered slots and stepped indents are for wooden posts to be hammered into place. The cross shaped blocky protuberance on the not so often seen side of the h-blocks probibly provided structural support as well as locked into the blocky diamond pattern cut out centers of the large flat diamond shaped blocks also on site. The groove with even spaced holes are most likely cuts that were not finished yet. The block would have been scored and drilled so that, id guess, mercury could be poured in the holes, wooden plugs pounded in and then heated. If you look closely at the pictures all over the "gate" i believe is a mold stood on end, you can even see that workers are shown pressing a wall on each side while a "foreman" works winch ropes to a simple counterweight lift crane, the main counterweight to which is also still on sight.
@@valorouswolf8853 Nice, yeah I see that as being possible for sure.
Fascinating! Thank you
This is indeed quite a ground breaking paper. I will be interested to to know when/if the Davidovitz research team finds any magnetite, pyrrhotite, or ilmenite within the geopolymer which would explain the magnetic properties.
I don't think it could be much older than 1,500 years because of how little weathering and erosion the blocks have suffered. If they were thousands of years old you would expect them to be in much worse condition.
You may well be right.
Or gone for that matter we are lucky that only some where reused
Unless the polymers not only allowed the construction of complex geometrical shapes but also produced a material that was extremely resistant to weathering.
Maybe if the rock were at sea level. Not so much at 13,000 feet.
Weathering is cause by something....mostly water....and also chemicals and surface micro-vegetation. There is no weathering when things are frozen, buried in a desert, or located where there is little rain or wind-blown sand. So don't draw conclusions without knowing what the circumstances actually were.
Dont we then have to answer the question: "how did they make the molds?" Some of those shapes are very complex when you think about making a mold to pour this rock composite in to.
That's what I was wondering throughout the video. What would the molds have been made of, and how could they support the massive weight? And how were the extremely accurate molds carved with only stone tools? Same questions as with the blocks. It doesn't make sense to me.
Maybe the same way they create a mold for brass casting? an investment compound that doesn't react or attract to the composite and can be broken or disolved away easily when the casting sets. Problem with casting is it would leave a trace somewhere on the blocks that would require cleaning up with grinding, cutting or something of the sort. Initial models are made with wax then the investment compound for the molds poured around it with an inlet set in it to allow for pouring of the compound. Then melt away the wax and you're left with a close to perfect mold of what you want to cast...
@albie071 wooden reusable forms laid flat on smoothe ground. Material when poured like concrete is smoothed by flat-faced timber. Once set up the forms are removed and polymer stones are moved into place. This process us used in forming Adobe blocks.
Anna Phelps not like you're an expert on quarrying or chemistry lol
You are getting fooled on big scale ! Shocking ! REGARDING THIS LINK- www.geopolymer.org/archaeology/tiahuanaco-monuments-tiwanaku-pumapunku-bolivia/ I went through it thoroughly without any biased opinion , i think its good to perform the study but certain loop holes are noticeable, such as- 1. The site is private Institute of www.geopolymer.org/ they would love to gain more popularity and have young students who can fall for this "Ancient Mold Theory" 2. They didn't prove anything in the study. a n biased mind can clearly see this propaganda to earn students who dream about studying geo polymer and the very well land up no where because the market is not yet accepting this new product and only conventional construction is carried on . people who give enormous tution fees to such institutes are falling prey to a major propaganda, 3. Geo polymers are easy to make but the industries want you to "BUY" and not "CARVE" , they promote machine made stuff , i won't explain the AI system behind all this suppression of manual labor and rendering people jobless, these geo polymers are expensive , Think why they want to link it with Puma punku , just have a second opinion and you will realize the truth. the "organic matter " IF FOUND IN FOSSILS ! CAN BE CARBON DATE BECAUSE ? Its preserved ! under layers of soil. tiahuanaco blocks were toppled and even if you collect the organic material from the bottom of the stone structure , still it will specify the date of erection ! not the date of construction .there difference between the too. Carbon dating is measure of decay , there is no point of carbon dating organic matter if its already contaminated with modern air and pollutants. just because a bunch of people where white coats and hold test tubes call themselves scientist then go on tv recommending tooth paste is hilarious as this carbon dating itself. , any organic matter present in contact with the atmosphere is contaminated, and if you say they took an organic sample between the blocks then its probably few hundred years old , can be tested in a lab and you will get dates , smart move When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and thereafter the amount of 14 C it contains begins to decrease as the 14 C undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the amount of 14 C in a sample from a dead plant or animal, such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone, provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died. The older a sample is, the less 14 C there is to be detected, and because the half-life of 14 C (the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed) is about 5,730 years, the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to approximately 50,000 years ago, although special preparation methods occasionally permit accurate analysis of older samples. take a look at some books before supporting some biased fascistic fake study done by baboons in white coats to sell geo polymer products and promoting them to ancient sites to gain buyers
Same thought came to mind. When I viewed another famous site. Where all the block stones are all perfectly shaped and seemingly molded to one another. Up in the mountains in Peru.
Nice job! Thank you.
I feel that if the age of puma punku turns out to be tens of thousands of years old with carbon dating as i suspect then someone just might remove a zero from the findings to fit the mainstream narrative. Very nicely done Ancient Architects! Thank you for the insight on this new finding!
why didnt they already carbon dated the organic material found inside the rock?
@@DJWeiWei there was a lady who was an archiologist and professor at a college she found evedence withmultiple dating processes sugesting that people where in south america 200,000 years ago. She said she would have settled for 20,000 but the data doesn't lie so she went to publish her findings and she was shunned and lost everything including her teaching credentials. For trying to publish the trueth she had found which was outside of the mainstream views and beliefs of academia she is no longer able to do the work she loved and was well trained for. So yes many out of place discoveries get destroyed or hidden away to preseve the lies of our so called history.
It ceases to amaze me that people automatically assume anything unusual made out of stone must be ancient, whether its geopolymer or natural stone.
@@Mr.Grimsdale dude do your research it's old as f**k. There are drawings of puma punku from the 1800s. It predate the inca or at least that is what the Spaniards where told. They were told by the inca that it was built by the gods. Not to mention most of it has been burried for god knows how long it's not like they are brand new and just sitting on top of the ground!
@@thatpoetbobbymask8710 Don't patronize me, i know far, far more than you. Drawings from the 1800s, have those drawings been carbon-dated, no ! The Spaniards were told, is that proof, no! Built by the Gods, bollox ! They could have been cast in a foundry 1925 and you and no-one else can prove otherwise ! As long as you believe in hearsay or speculation you'll learn nothing of the truth.
If the "H" blocks were cast, they should all have the same size and defects.
Fascinating.. I wonder if all of these other megalithic sites have this polymer? Puma Punka is ,to me one of the most mysterious and intriguing site in the world.
is there any update as to the carbon dating of the stones ??
I bet they refuse to release the dating of the geopolymer rock.
this isn't egypt so maybe it will be
The scientists who did the study seem to believe the stones are still dated to ~600 CE
@@dannyt4663 doubtful. Those words included to keep funding for research. If you want to play the game, you have to follow the rules.
J Hart Or they actually believe the dating is still ~600 CE
SteakAndChips sorry, my confirmation bias does not allow me to accept this, so I’m going to have to go with “vague conspiracy theories” for $500 alex
Wow! Could this be said for most of ancient buildings? Examples all over South America and in Egypt
good job, thanks for sharing
As a civil engineer who works on the assessment, repair, design and rebuild of historical structures the geopolymer-theory seems very likely, especially if I see the pictures of the H-blocks. The shapes, detailing and the look of the surface of the material seem very consistent with modern concrete structures. Having said that, modern day concrete, with multiple types of reinforcements like steel rebar and/or prestressing have a design that is profoundly more advanced.